CiteULike | Further Information

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Mendeley | Further Information

{"title"=>"Failing the future: Three unsuccessful attempts to replicate bem's 'retroactive facilitation of recall' effect", "type"=>"journal", "authors"=>[{"first_name"=>"Stuart J.", "last_name"=>"Ritchie", "scopus_author_id"=>"48861815000"}, {"first_name"=>"Richard", "last_name"=>"Wiseman", "scopus_author_id"=>"7102299172"}, {"first_name"=>"Christopher C.", "last_name"=>"French", "scopus_author_id"=>"35613821800"}], "year"=>2012, "source"=>"PLoS ONE", "identifiers"=>{"pui"=>"364433948", "sgr"=>"84858234307", "pmid"=>"22432019", "scopus"=>"2-s2.0-84858234307", "isbn"=>"1932-6203", "doi"=>"10.1371/journal.pone.0033423", "issn"=>"19326203"}, "id"=>"3b80700d-b579-33e0-acb5-8838efe624c4", "abstract"=>"Nine recently reported parapsychological experiments appear to support the existence of precognition. We describe three pre-registered independent attempts to exactly replicate one of these experiments, 'retroactive facilitation of recall', which examines whether performance on a memory test can be influenced by a post-test exercise. All three replication attempts failed to produce significant effects (combined n = 150; combined p = .83, one-tailed) and thus do not support the existence of psychic ability.", "link"=>"http://www.mendeley.com/research/failing-future-three-unsuccessful-attempts-replicate-bems-retroactive-facilitation-recall-effect", "reader_count"=>146, "reader_count_by_academic_status"=>{"Unspecified"=>4, "Professor > Associate Professor"=>11, "Researcher"=>20, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>9, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>33, "Student > Postgraduate"=>7, "Student > Master"=>15, "Other"=>7, "Student > Bachelor"=>19, "Lecturer"=>6, "Lecturer > Senior Lecturer"=>2, "Professor"=>12}, "reader_count_by_user_role"=>{"Unspecified"=>4, "Professor > Associate Professor"=>11, "Researcher"=>20, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>9, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>33, "Student > Postgraduate"=>7, "Student > Master"=>15, "Other"=>7, "Student > Bachelor"=>19, "Lecturer"=>6, "Lecturer > Senior Lecturer"=>2, "Professor"=>12}, "reader_count_by_subject_area"=>{"Unspecified"=>10, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>9, "Philosophy"=>1, "Business, Management and Accounting"=>4, "Veterinary Science and Veterinary Medicine"=>1, "Chemistry"=>1, "Computer Science"=>4, "Earth and Planetary Sciences"=>1, "Economics, Econometrics and Finance"=>1, "Engineering"=>1, "Nursing and Health Professions"=>1, "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>2, "Mathematics"=>2, "Medicine and Dentistry"=>2, "Design"=>2, "Neuroscience"=>2, "Physics and Astronomy"=>3, "Psychology"=>93, "Social Sciences"=>4, "Linguistics"=>1}, "reader_count_by_subdiscipline"=>{"Medicine and Dentistry"=>{"Medicine and Dentistry"=>2}, "Social Sciences"=>{"Social Sciences"=>4}, "Physics and Astronomy"=>{"Physics and Astronomy"=>3}, "Psychology"=>{"Psychology"=>93}, "Mathematics"=>{"Mathematics"=>2}, "Unspecified"=>{"Unspecified"=>10}, "Design"=>{"Design"=>2}, "Engineering"=>{"Engineering"=>1}, "Chemistry"=>{"Chemistry"=>1}, "Neuroscience"=>{"Neuroscience"=>2}, "Earth and Planetary Sciences"=>{"Earth and Planetary Sciences"=>1}, "Economics, Econometrics and Finance"=>{"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"=>1}, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>{"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>9}, "Computer Science"=>{"Computer Science"=>4}, "Business, Management and Accounting"=>{"Business, Management and Accounting"=>4}, "Nursing and Health Professions"=>{"Nursing and Health Professions"=>1}, "Linguistics"=>{"Linguistics"=>1}, "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>{"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>2}, "Philosophy"=>{"Philosophy"=>1}, "Veterinary Science and Veterinary Medicine"=>{"Veterinary Science and Veterinary Medicine"=>1}}, "reader_count_by_country"=>{"United States"=>6, "Japan"=>1, "United Kingdom"=>1, "Switzerland"=>2, "Russia"=>1, "New Zealand"=>2, "Austria"=>1, "Netherlands"=>6, "Luxembourg"=>1, "Brazil"=>3, "South Africa"=>1, "France"=>1, "Australia"=>1, "Germany"=>4}, "group_count"=>2}

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• http://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01553
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Journal Comments | Further Information

• {"type"=>"COMMENT", "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/annotation/02eae6d6-af7f-41d8-b2b3-b6d32fdce7a6", "title"=>"Bem's response to Ritchie, Wiseman, and French", "body"=>"I believe that Ritchie, Wiseman, and French have made a competent, good-faith effort to replicate the results of one of my experiments on precognition reported in the article “Feeling the Future: Experimental Evidence for Anomalous Retroactive Influences on Cognition and Affect.” To actively encourage such replications, I make all materials necessary to conduct them to all who are interested in doing so, including Ritchie, Wiseman, and French. \n\nNevertheless I consider it premature to conclude anything about the replicability of my experiments on the basis of this article. First, in mainstream psychology it usually takes several years before enough attempted replications of a reported effect have accumulated to permit an overall analysis (often called a “meta-analysis”) of the evidence—20 years in the example described below. It usually takes busy researchers several months to find the time to design and run an experiment outside their primary research area, and my article was published only a year ago.\nIn their article, Ritchie et al. mention that their experiments were “pre-registered.” They are referring to an online registry set up by Wiseman himself, asking anyone planning a replication to pre-register it and then to provide him with the data when the study is completed. As he noted on the registration website: “We will carry out a meta-analysis of all registered studies…that have been completed by 1 December 2011.”\n\nBy the deadline, six studies attempting to replicate the Retroactive Recall effect had been completed, including the three failed replications reported by Ritchie et al. and two other replications, both of which successfully reproduced my original findings at statistically significant levels. (One of them was conducted in Italy using Italian words as stimuli.) Even though both successful studies were pre-registered on Wiseman’s registry and their results presumably known to Ritchie et al., they fail to mention them in this article. I consider this an important omission. (I also note that Ritchie et al., describe their replication attempt as three independent studies, but the total number of sessions they ran was the same as the number I ran in my own original experiment and its successful replication.) \nSecond, it takes several years and many experiments to figure out exactly which variables in an experiment affect the results. Consider, for example, an attempt to assess the replicability of a well-known effect in mainstream psychology known as the “Mere Exposure Effect,” first brought to the attention of psychologists in 1969: Across a wide range of contexts, the more frequently humans or other animals are exposed to a particular stimulus, the more they come to like it. Twenty years later, a meta-analysis of over 200 mere exposure experiments was published, showing a significant overall effect; it is now widely accepted as a “real” and replicable phenomenon. But the same meta-analysis reveals that the effect fails to replicate on simple stimuli if other, more complex stimuli are presented in the same session. It fails to replicate if too many exposures are used, if the exposure duration is too long, if the interval between exposure and the assessment of liking is too short, or if participants are prone to boredom. As a result, the meta-analysis included many failures to replicate the effect; several of them actually produced results in the direction opposite to prediction. In short, it many more than three replication failures to conclude anything about an alleged effect.\n\nI can imagine Ritchie et al’s. refuting this point with the argument that their failed replications were exact replications of my procedures, even using my own computer program to conduct the experiment. But there is one potential difference they fail to discuss: The possible effects of experimenter expectations and attitudes about the experimental hypothesis—as demonstrated by Robert Rosenthal in mainstream psychology several years ago. This has also been found to be a source of non-replication in psi experiments. Even if the principal investigator is not the actual experimenter, he or she can easily transmit skepticism and negative expectations to the actual experimenters (again, as amply demonstrated in the mainstream studies in which research assistants or student experimenters were led to expect particular outcomes). Ritchie, Wiseman, and French are well known as psi skeptics, whereas I and the investigators of the two successful replications are at least neutral with respect to the existence of psi.\nIn fact, Wiseman himself has participated in a test of this experimenter effect. In three separate psi experiments, Wiseman and psi-advocate Marilyn Schlitz teamed up to conduct an experiment in which they used the same subject pool, identical procedures, and were randomly assigned to sessions. Schlitz got a significant psi effect in two of the three experiments whereas Wiseman never did.\n\nI believe that such experimenter effects will turn out to be the most important variable in determining the success or failure of future replications of my experiments as well. This does not mean that psi results are unverifiable by independent investigators, but that we must begin to systematically include the experimenters’ attributes, attitudes and expectations as variables in the experiments.\n", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2012-03-15T02:38:42Z", "lastModified"=>"2012-03-15T02:38:42Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"262657"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>false}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0033423", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSONE"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSONE", "eIssn"=>"1932-6203", "title"=>"PLOS ONE"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>3, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2012-07-30T20:44:35Z", "replies"=>[{"type"=>"REPLY", "parentID"=>211, "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/reply/34830c40-14dc-448f-af5d-b9140551fcda", "title"=>"RE: Bem's response to Ritchie, Wiseman, and French", "body"=>"You consider the omission of unpublished replications important, but then why did you omit mention of Moulton's failed replication of experiment 6 in your 2011 article? He did this in 2004 with your blessing, using your software and stimuli, so you were definitely aware of it.", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2012-03-19T01:18:15Z", "lastModified"=>"2012-03-19T01:18:15Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"263091"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>false}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0033423", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSONE"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSONE", "eIssn"=>"1932-6203", "title"=>"PLOS ONE"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>2, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2012-07-30T20:44:35Z", "replies"=>[{"type"=>"REPLY", "parentID"=>32777, "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/reply/7cfc0b90-c4ed-40f4-ae67-4501895dc7d2", "title"=>"RE: RE: Bem's response to Ritchie, Wiseman, and French", "body"=>"It is also interesting to note that you appeal to the skeptic effect having set out to test this yourself, reporting in 2003 in your presentation to the 46th Annual Convention of the Parapsychological Association a successful replication by skeptic, Kenneth Savitsky.", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2012-03-21T03:38:57Z", "lastModified"=>"2012-03-21T03:38:57Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"263091"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>false}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0033423", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSONE"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSONE", "eIssn"=>"1932-6203", "title"=>"PLOS ONE"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>0, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2012-03-21T03:38:57Z", "replies"=>[]}, {"type"=>"REPLY", "parentID"=>32777, "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/reply/60353f24-54b0-4eef-a723-0fafcabecadd", "title"=>"RE: RE: Bem's response to Ritchie, Wiseman, and French", "body"=>"In this talk (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0Tdiu5kwjKs) Bem explains that Moulton's work was included in his submitted draft to the editors of JPSP. It was the editor's decision to leave those studies out. ", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2012-07-30T20:44:35Z", "lastModified"=>"2012-07-30T20:44:35Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"262927"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>false}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0033423", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSONE"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSONE", "eIssn"=>"1932-6203", "title"=>"PLOS ONE"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>0, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2012-07-30T20:44:35Z", "replies"=>[]}]}]}
• {"type"=>"COMMENT", "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/annotation/cd8a1df4-e003-44aa-9d72-a7e1a6b26012", "title"=>"Authors' response to Bem", "body"=>"We thank Professor Bem for his comments on our article, and for his kind assistance in our attempt to replicate his experiment.\n\nBem is, of course, correct to note that our study is not conclusive evidence that the 'Retroactive Facilitation of Recall' (RFR) effect does not exist, and that our study is not the only attempt at replicating this effect. However, Bem criticises us for not citing some of the other attempts. In our article, we referenced all replications of the RFR effect of which we were aware that had been published in peer-reviewed journals (this included only one other replication attempt, which failed [1]). A meta-analysis of the combined effect of the published and unpublished studies is currently in progress. Bem does not mention other studies published online at the Social Science Research Network [2, 3] which differ somewhat in their methodology as they were carried out online, but nonetheless both fail to find significant RFR effects. Since many other unpublished experiments may exist, we feel our focus on the peer-reviewed literature was justified.\n \nNext, Bem argues that we did not in fact carry out three separate attempts to replicate his effect, since our sample size equalled that of his Experiments 8 and 9 combined. Both of these experiments focused on the RFR effect, but Experiment 9 had a critical methodological difference from Experiment 8: more post-test practice of the words. The evidence for the importance of this methodological change is that it boosted the effect size of the procedure from d = .19 (Experiment 8) to d = .42 (Experiment 9). For this reason, we do not believe it is correct to consider Experiments 8 and 9 as the same experiment (indeed, Bem does not do so in his original paper).\n\nBem then points to the example of the 'mere exposure effect', which across its history has had a mixture of failed and successful replications. As Bem himself anticipates, the analogy here is flawed, since the experiments on the mere exposure effect have employed widely-differing procedures, outcomes, and samples, while our replication of Bem's procedure was exact.\n \nWe do not doubt the importance of the 'experimenter effect' in psychology. However, we do not believe Bem gives a persuasive rationale for its existence in our replication attempts. Firstly, since the random selection of 'practice' and 'control' words in this particular experiment occurs after the participant's completion of the memory test, it is not clear how expectations in one direction or another would influence the results. Bem gives no potential mechanism for this effect, and we cannot imagine one (except one involving anomalous psi-related processes, which would of course beg the question).\n\nSecondly, Bem makes reference to the investigations of the parapsychological experimenter effect, co-authored by one of us (RW). While he is correct in his summary of the results of these experiments, he does not make reference to the quality of each study. The final study, in which neither believer nor skeptic found significant results [4], was by far the largest and best-controlled of the experiments. Given this fact, we leave it to the reader to decide whether these experiments provide convincing evidence of strong skeptic-believer experimenter effects in parapsychology.\n \nHowever, even if the Wiseman-Schlitz experiments were conclusive evidence of experimenter effects, there is still no analogy from them to Bem's experiments. This is because, in the Wiseman-Schlitz experiments - which investigated 'the sense of being stared at' - the experimenter was heavily involved in the procedure, being the 'starer' who directed their gaze at participants, who were to report if/when they sensed that gaze. Bem's experiments, on the other hand, are run and scored entirely by the computer program, with experimenters only greeting and debriefing participants. In addition, the staring experiments measured an emotional/perceptual outcome, which is quite different from the basic word memory test involved in Bem's experiment.\n \nFinally, it is worth pointing out, as we do in our paper, that only one of us (SJR) personally ran their replication attempt; two of our replication attempts were run by research assistants. Thus, the participants in those samples did not encounter either of the two of us who are, to quote Bem, 'well known as psi skeptics' (RW and CCF).\n\nBem's study was viewed as a wiping clean of the slate in parapsychology; his ingenious experimental paradigms were based on well-known psychological effects, were simple to administer, and did not involve the experimenter in the procedure in any substantial sense. We believe that, if the effects are real, they should be easy to replicate either by believers or skeptics, and we do not find Bem's arguments to the contrary to be compelling.\n\nStuart J. Ritchie\nRichard Wiseman\nChristopher C. French\n\n\nReferences\n\n1. Robinson E (2011) Not feeling the future: A failed replication of retroactive facilitation of memory recall. J Soc Psychical R 75.3: 142-147.\n\n2. Snodgrass S (2011) Examining retroactive facilitation of recall: An adapted replication of Bem (2011, Study 9) and Galak and Nelson (2010). Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1935942\n\n3. Galak J, LeBoeuf A, Nelson LD, Simmons JP (2012) Correcting the Past: Failures to replicate psi. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2001721\n\n4. Schlitz M, Wiseman R, Watt C, Radin D (2006) Of two minds: Sceptic-proponent collaboration within parapsychology. Brit J Psychol 97: 313-322. doi: 10.1348/000712605X80704\n", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2012-03-15T20:15:48Z", "lastModified"=>"2012-03-15T20:15:48Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"262873"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>false}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0033423", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSONE"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSONE", "eIssn"=>"1932-6203", "title"=>"PLOS ONE"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>0, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2012-03-15T20:15:48Z", "replies"=>[]}
• {"type"=>"COMMENT", "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/annotation/d12a6abb-dfc2-49f5-90fa-fabd3b731824", "title"=>"A better replication: Repeat tasks with above chance performers", "body"=>"Why not do the following: Take the subjects who were performing above chance in Bem's experiments and test them again (and again, and again) on the same and different tasks? If there's something to psi, then surely these subjects should show it repeatedly. If that's the case, one could actually start getting at the mechanisms, e.g. by putting them in an fMRI scanner. If there's nothing to it, then the failure to replicate the results in the same subjects will demonstrate this conclusively", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2012-03-16T00:38:37Z", "lastModified"=>"2012-03-16T00:38:37Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"144349"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>false}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0033423", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSONE"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSONE", "eIssn"=>"1932-6203", "title"=>"PLOS ONE"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>0, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2012-03-16T00:38:37Z", "replies"=>[]}
• {"type"=>"COMMENT", "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/annotation/6734f1c4-aaf0-4ba8-b3ff-ca70422dd4f1", "title"=>"incidental vs. intentional ecoding", "body"=>"I appreciate that Ritchie et al., addressed my comment (made as a reviewer) regarding the fact that some subjects may have been aware that there was a surprise memory test and therefore explicitly/intentionally encoded the words. They say, \"... the computer's random selection of words after the memory test meant that foreknowledge of the procedure should not have influenced the results in any particular direction.\" However, I don't completely agree with this statement and I still think there is a possibility that this aspect of the procedure could explain the null results. Whether words are incidentally vs. intentionally encoded influences the level of processing and can influence patterns of brain activation as well as behavioral outcomes. It seems plausible that if precognition relies on unconscious processing, that explicit encoding of the words could interrupt this (for example, consider verbal overshadowing, where conscious reflection can actually lead to worse performance on certain tasks). \n\nAs such, I think future work with this paradigm needs to find a way to address this concern either by directly manipulating whether the words are intentionally vs. incidentally encoded or by other methods (see Watkins, M. J., LeCompte, D. C., & Kim, K., 2000 for a discussion of this issue). \n\n-Michael Franklin\n\n", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2012-03-16T07:33:54Z", "lastModified"=>"2012-03-16T07:33:54Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"262915"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>false}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0033423", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSONE"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSONE", "eIssn"=>"1932-6203", "title"=>"PLOS ONE"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>0, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2012-03-16T07:33:54Z", "replies"=>[]}
• {"type"=>"COMMENT", "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/annotation/9caae765-4107-41ba-8e1f-20987d805ab9", "title"=>"Media Coverage of This Article", "body"=>"The following article represents some of the media coverage that has occurred for this paper:\n\nPublication: TG Daily \nTitle: “Claims of psychic ability fail to stack up | TG Daily”\nhttp://www.tgdaily.com/general-sciences-features/62101-claims-of-psychic-ability-fail-to-stack-up\n\nPublication: Live Science \nTitle: “Controversial Psychic Ability Claim Doesn't Hold up in New Experiments | LiveScience”\nhttp://www.livescience.com/19058-controversial-psychic-finding-fails.html\n\nPublication: Eureka Alert \nTitle: “Controversial study promoting psychic ability debunked”\nhttp://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-03/plos-csp031212.php\n\nPublication: Science Codex \nTitle: “Controversial study promoting psychic ability debunked | Science Codex”\nhttp://www.sciencecodex.com/controversial_study_promoting_psychic_ability_debunked-87883\n\nPublication: The Guardian \nTitle: “Precognition studies and the curse of the failed replications | Professor Chris French | Science | guardian.co.uk”\nhttp://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2012/mar/15/precognition-studies-curse-failed-replications\n\nPublication: Daily Mail \nTitle: “Sceptics rebuff controversial experiment that 'proved' psychic ability is real | Mail Online”\nhttp://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2115368/Sceptics-rebuff-controversial-experiment-proved-psychic-ability-real.html?ito=feeds-newsxml\n\nIf you see any additional coverage of this paper in the press or blogosphere, please reply to this thread and add the link to the article. ", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2012-03-16T22:42:37Z", "lastModified"=>"2012-03-16T22:42:37Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"80539"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>true, "body"=>"PLoS ONE Staff"}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0033423", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSONE"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSONE", "eIssn"=>"1932-6203", "title"=>"PLOS ONE"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>4, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2013-01-18T23:12:07Z", "replies"=>[{"type"=>"REPLY", "parentID"=>14171, "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/reply/a6722989-f4cc-4147-b0bd-73ccf22099e4", "title"=>"RE: Media Coverage of This Article", "body"=>"Publication: AlphaGalileo Foundation \nTitle: “Believing the impossible: academic report finds no evidence for the existence of psychic ability”\nhttp://www.alphagalileo.org/ViewItem.aspx?ItemId=118420&CultureCode=en\n\nPublication: Discovery News \nTitle: “Controversial ESP Study Fails : Discovery News”\nhttp://news.discovery.com/human/esp-study-120315.html\n\nPublication: 3news.co.nz \nTitle: “Notorious ESP study debunked - Story - Environment/Sci - 3 News”\nhttp://www.3news.co.nz/Notorious-ESP-study-debunked/tabid/1160/articleID/246937/Default.aspx\n\nPublication: LA Times \nTitle: “Psychic ability? New study doesn't back up ESP findings - latimes.com”\nhttp://www.latimes.com/news/nation/nationnow/la-na-nn-psychic-ability-study-debunked-20120315,0,837931.story\n\nPublication: Daily Mail \nTitle: “Sceptics rebuff controversial experiment that 'proved' psychic ability is real | Mail Online”\nhttp://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2115368/Sceptics-rebuff-controversial-experiment-proved-psychic-ability-real.html\n\nPublication: Zee News India \nTitle: “For want of proof, scientists debunk psychic ability”\nhttp://zeenews.india.com/news/eco-news/for-want-of-proof-some-scientists-debunk-psychic_764210.html\n\nPublication: io9 \nTitle: “Psychic abilities fail their most crucial test”\nhttp://io9.com/5892749/psychic-abilities-fail-their-most-crucial-test\n\nPublication: Chicago Tribune \nTitle: “Psychic ability? New study doesn't back up ESP findings - chicagotribune.com”\nhttp://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/la-na-nn-psychic-ability-study-debunked-20120315,0,1005882.story\n\nPublication: Eurasia Review \nTitle: “Report Finds No Evidence For Existence Of Psychic Ability”\nhttp://www.eurasiareview.com/15032012-report-finds-no-evidence-for-existence-of-psychic-ability\n\nPublication: Guardian \nTitle: “Precognition studies and the curse of the failed replications | Professor Chris French | Science | guardian.co.uk”\nhttp://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2012/mar/15/precognition-studies-curse-failed-replications?newsfeed=true\n\nIf you see any additional coverage of this paper in the press or blogosphere, please reply to this thread and add the link to the article. \n", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2012-03-23T21:15:56Z", "lastModified"=>"2012-03-23T21:15:56Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"80539"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>true, "body"=>"PLoS ONE Staff"}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0033423", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSONE"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSONE", "eIssn"=>"1932-6203", "title"=>"PLOS ONE"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>3, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2013-01-18T23:12:07Z", "replies"=>[{"type"=>"REPLY", "parentID"=>33771, "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/reply/ea89e069-15f8-4c27-a2ea-c9e10bf839d5", "title"=>"RE: RE: Media Coverage of This Article", "body"=>"The following article represents some of the media coverage that has occurred for this paper:\n\nPublication: The National \nTitle: “False findings show a scientific truth - The National”\nhttp://www.thenational.ae/news/uae-news/science/false-findings-show-a-scientific-truth\n\nIf you see any additional coverage of this paper in the press or blogosphere, please reply to this thread and add the link to the article. ", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2012-03-30T18:19:18Z", "lastModified"=>"2012-03-30T18:19:18Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"80539"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>true, "body"=>"PLoS ONE Staff"}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0033423", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSONE"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSONE", "eIssn"=>"1932-6203", "title"=>"PLOS ONE"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>2, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2013-01-18T23:12:07Z", "replies"=>[{"type"=>"REPLY", "parentID"=>33503, "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/reply/0b7f1d23-b93e-46f7-869c-a1e11bac6331", "title"=>"RE: RE: RE: Media Coverage of This Article", "body"=>"Publication: Nature\nTitle: “Replication studies: Bad copy : Nature News & Comment”\nhttp://www.nature.com/news/replication-studies-bad-copy-1.10634\n\nIf you see any additional coverage of this paper in the press or blogosphere, please reply to this thread and add the link to the article. ", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2012-05-18T22:03:33Z", "lastModified"=>"2012-05-18T22:03:33Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"80539"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>true, "body"=>"PLoS ONE Staff"}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0033423", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSONE"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSONE", "eIssn"=>"1932-6203", "title"=>"PLOS ONE"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>1, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2013-01-18T23:12:07Z", "replies"=>[{"type"=>"REPLY", "parentID"=>49809, "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/reply/3aecbc8f-d7e8-4caf-a23e-f5395510d57e", "title"=>"RE: RE: RE: RE: Media Coverage of This Article", "body"=>"The following article represents some of the media coverage that has occurred for this paper:\n\nPublication: Discovery News \nTitle: “Do Scientists Fear the Paranormal? : Discovery News”\nhttp://news.discovery.com/human/psychology/do-scientists-fear-the-paranormal-130115.htm\n\nIf you see any additional coverage of this paper in the press or blogosphere, please reply to this thread and add the link to the article. \n", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2013-01-18T23:12:07Z", "lastModified"=>"2013-01-18T23:12:07Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"80539"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>true, "body"=>"PLOS ONE Staff"}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0033423", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSONE"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSONE", "eIssn"=>"1932-6203", "title"=>"PLOS ONE"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>0, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2013-01-18T23:12:07Z", "replies"=>[]}]}]}]}]}
• {"type"=>"COMMENT", "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/annotation/d29141d5-a6ca-43ed-9a35-59518df19870", "title"=>"-2.72% in Table 1", "body"=>"In table 1 DR% is -2.72%.\nThis effect is in the wrong direction - but shouldn't the authors deal with this? Kind of a psi-missing...", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2012-04-11T14:56:14Z", "lastModified"=>"2012-04-11T14:56:14Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"265595"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>false}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0033423", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSONE"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSONE", "eIssn"=>"1932-6203", "title"=>"PLOS ONE"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>0, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2012-04-11T14:56:14Z", "replies"=>[]}

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• {"id"=>"223457555295383555", "text"=>"Researchers reported parapsychological experiments support the existence of precognition 3|14|12\nhttp://t.co/61gMIXNm\n* http://t.co/QwbjnLZD", "created_at"=>"2012-07-12T16:43:27Z", "user"=>"arkhangellohim", "user_name"=>"Gabriel Trujillo ", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1496264977/gabohhh_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"246909743673786368", "text"=>"#PLOS: Failing the Future: Three Unsuccessful Attempts to Replicate Bem's ‘Retroactive Fa... http://t.co/T0KJXDRp", "created_at"=>"2012-09-15T09:54:04Z", "user"=>"thierry_olive", "user_name"=>"Thierry Olive", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1817660368/Profil_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"260693719513169921", "text"=>"Here's two highly-viewed negative results from this year, both already cited http://t.co/WGA2AysD http://t.co/5INr8eyr @dianthusmed @adbeggs", "created_at"=>"2012-10-23T10:46:40Z", "user"=>"mattjhodgkinson", "user_name"=>"Matt Hodgkinson", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2595571976/bc2za9tnyui0wxobreb0_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"260694322318557185", "text"=>"RT @mattjhodgkinson: Here's two highly-viewed negative results from this year, both already cited http://t.co/WGA2AysD http://t.co/5INr8 ...", "created_at"=>"2012-10-23T10:49:04Z", "user"=>"lakens", "user_name"=>"Daniël Lakens ", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1104279688/23101_538945016_347_q_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"260696618217664514", "text"=>"RT @mattjhodgkinson: Here's two highly-viewed negative results from this year, both already cited http://t.co/WGA2AysD http://t.co/5INr8 ...", "created_at"=>"2012-10-23T10:58:11Z", "user"=>"PeterHoffenaar", "user_name"=>"Peter Hoffenaar", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/sticky/default_profile_images/default_profile_0_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"261257559669886976", "text"=>"@somiyamos ３つのラボによる追試が立て続けに失敗したのでJPSPに投稿したら「追試は載せんよ」と言われてアタマに来て著者らがブログでぶちまけてPlos ONEに載ったという事件がありました。http://t.co/TpP0tsHf", "created_at"=>"2012-10-25T00:07:10Z", "user"=>"kaihiraishi", "user_name"=>"Hiraishi Kai", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/789919530/emoticon_4_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"262660994113875968", "text"=>"Why @StuartJRitchie & @RichardWiseman had trouble publishing http://t.co/bMgzlpA4 \"Psi effects are influenced by many people in the future\"", "created_at"=>"2012-10-28T21:03:55Z", "user"=>"Keith_Laws", "user_name"=>"Keith R Laws", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2754241250/f2e968d3499315b19fa534bde722c5a6_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"275878422599831552", "text"=>"Plos ONEのBem追試失敗論文はこちら。\"Failing the future\" http://t.co/TpP0tsHf", "created_at"=>"2012-12-04T08:25:16Z", "user"=>"kaihiraishi", "user_name"=>"Hiraishi Kai", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/789919530/emoticon_4_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"275879865612390401", "text"=>"RT @kaihiraishi: Plos ONEのBem追試失敗論文はこちら。\"Failing the future\" http://t.co/TpP0tsHf", "created_at"=>"2012-12-04T08:31:00Z", "user"=>"riet911", "user_name"=>"Rie TORIYAMA", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1828584001/CIMG2097_normal.JPG"}
• {"id"=>"275892590807769088", "text"=>"RT @kaihiraishi: Plos ONEのBem追試失敗論文はこちら。\"Failing the future\" http://t.co/TpP0tsHf", "created_at"=>"2012-12-04T09:21:34Z", "user"=>"somiyamos", "user_name"=>"Sousuke Miyamoto", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1239731919/lAqVJ_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"288461403902337025", "text"=>"@joerogan http://t.co/ADsgEtMn", "created_at"=>"2013-01-08T01:45:32Z", "user"=>"joshjtx", "user_name"=>"Josh J", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/sticky/default_profile_images/default_profile_1_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"293030708258156545", "text"=>"@RolfZwaan Not Psych Sci, but should I be ashamed of http://t.co/GRkBhR2w, a pun on http://t.co/0MelTwe5? I just couldn't resist!", "created_at"=>"2013-01-20T16:22:19Z", "user"=>"StuartJRitchie", "user_name"=>"Stuart Ritchie", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3109781759/3dc7f85c1b64efa362cb6c528546cdd0_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"316593071515127808", "text"=>"About a year since our (@RichardWiseman @chriscfrench) replication paper came out, & it's had >20,000 views. Not bad! http://t.co/rMGmbO7HCg", "created_at"=>"2013-03-26T16:50:44Z", "user"=>"StuartJRitchie", "user_name"=>"Stuart Ritchie", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3321369651/fdac9826c8b0cdb4f58ad417f5e71717_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"316697745710792704", "text"=>"Replication matters MT @StuartJRitchie A yr since our (@RichardWiseman @chriscfrench) paper came out, >20,000 views http://t.co/crQlTSUJz3", "created_at"=>"2013-03-26T23:46:41Z", "user"=>"PLOSONE", "user_name"=>"PLOS ONE", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2429958559/mzjl6as5u2m09r2erof6_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"328534103509049344", "text"=>"@MarilynSchlitz RE \"The Science of Premonitions\" http://t.co/DXRQet7iZV Often things we'd wish were true just aren't http://t.co/yghD0GBbmb", "created_at"=>"2013-04-28T15:40:08Z", "user"=>"enjaygee", "user_name"=>"Nick Gompper", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1889212739/cat_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"479278466819702784", "text"=>"@BDStanley I'm guilty of it myself (though this is an in-joke) http://t.co/5ji1Q8VcUu", "created_at"=>"2014-06-18T15:04:25Z", "user"=>"StuartJRitchie", "user_name"=>"Stuart Ritchie", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/378800000804027739/b9fa9056cd75eabb1d92479ba9ff6662_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"496631953496756224", "text"=>"I am shocked, SHOCKED, that @StuartJRitchie's replications did not find evidence for psychic ability http://t.co/DehnneSXYZ", "created_at"=>"2014-08-05T12:20:59Z", "user"=>"Makeuya", "user_name"=>"Mark Egan", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/413326971968716800/4tN15jeC_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"539749585242300416", "text"=>"Readings for the meeting (if you fancy): http://t.co/WchCaQe5jb http://t.co/QBT2AU19Hh http://t.co/UMxWVhiuC7", "created_at"=>"2014-12-02T11:55:03Z", "user"=>"Tom_Hardwicke", "user_name"=>"Tom Hardwicke", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/520504260505509889/Hc6AHeHB_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"539750046431191040", "text"=>"readings for the meeting (if you fancy):\nhttp://t.co/65T6Z8ufYE\nhttp://t.co/h57piZ45sC\nhttp://t.co/HTmepMyOk0", "created_at"=>"2014-12-02T11:56:53Z", "user"=>"CRITUCL", "user_name"=>"CRITUCL", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/507183567781126144/6jYEMmHK_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"539781660993404928", "text"=>"RT @CRITUCL: readings for the meeting (if you fancy):\nhttp://t.co/65T6Z8ufYE\nhttp://t.co/h57piZ45sC\nhttp://t.co/HTmepMyOk0", "created_at"=>"2014-12-02T14:02:31Z", "user"=>"KariVyas", "user_name"=>"Kari Vyas", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/461969114198577152/uA3CNiT7_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"630368797216645120", "text"=>"@DamCou @OliverKamm @citizen_sane @CJTerry I'll have you know that I have published (null) parapsychology research. http://t.co/cMoS3lkFQh", "created_at"=>"2015-08-09T13:23:27Z", "user"=>"StuartJRitchie", "user_name"=>"Stuart Ritchie", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/512906786202873856/O_gVcoqI_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"630425665473527808", "text"=>"RT @StuartJRitchie: @DamCou @OliverKamm @citizen_sane @CJTerry I'll have you know that I have published (null) parapsychology research. htt…", "created_at"=>"2015-08-09T17:09:26Z", "user"=>"htwomey", "user_name"=>"Hamza Twomey", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/622037490745090048/IeHFAhvf_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"698989568868118530", "text"=>"Failing the Future: Three Unsuccessful Attempts to Replicate Bem's ‘Retroactive Facilitation of Recall’ Effect https://t.co/1OPaoJSUl2", "created_at"=>"2016-02-14T21:57:54Z", "user"=>"briandavidearp", "user_name"=>"Brian D. Earp", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/448401398858670081/uQti1M1V_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"699966491085639680", "text"=>"RT @briandavidearp: Failing the Future: Three Unsuccessful Attempts to Replicate Bem's ‘Retroactive Facilitation of Recall’ Effect https://…", "created_at"=>"2016-02-17T14:39:50Z", "user"=>"StephenWant75", "user_name"=>"Stephen Want", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/473620020887445504/9QDhvz8p_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"699969073262825472", "text"=>"RT @briandavidearp: Failing the Future: Three Unsuccessful Attempts to Replicate Bem's ‘Retroactive Facilitation of Recall’ Effect https://…", "created_at"=>"2016-02-17T14:50:06Z", "user"=>"PsychologyBrief", "user_name"=>"PsychBrief", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/605441122429759488/jpjOYE8m_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"754587326437847040", "text"=>"@RKWinvisibleman Cf. my only published study on parapsychology! https://t.co/cMoS3lkFQh", "created_at"=>"2016-07-17T08:03:32Z", "user"=>"StuartJRitchie", "user_name"=>"Stuart Ritchie", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/512906786202873856/O_gVcoqI_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"763705520213688320", "text"=>"Presentiment Pt 2. Unsuccessful attempts to replicate Bem's findings @StuartJRitchie @RichardWiseman @chriscfrench https://t.co/hUhjvbT0xC", "created_at"=>"2016-08-11T11:55:59Z", "user"=>"parapsychschool", "user_name"=>"SCOP", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/763346555814473728/stcEcZqU_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"883412474594242560", "text"=>"A paper what @StuartJRitchie @chriscfrench & I wrote debunking psychic claim in top 10% most cited @PLOSONE papers! https://t.co/su1DhGVIKk", "created_at"=>"2017-07-07T19:48:41Z", "user"=>"RichardWiseman", "user_name"=>"Richard Wiseman", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/3225534671/ef59c3b397d28dacb74034b47d8cd9e2_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"900397169336700928", "text"=>"@Ashles3000 @kentbye @DebuffedHero @andres @DeanRadin @SkepticsGuide https://t.co/45TRJGyzuB", "created_at"=>"2017-08-23T16:39:48Z", "user"=>"heybrucewright", "user_name"=>"Bruce Wright", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/753296584918511616/-SyfRgLP_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"933014394929319937", "text"=>"@BrianSpanner1 We do. I even published a parapsychology paper once: https://t.co/cMoS3lkFQh", "created_at"=>"2017-11-21T16:49:00Z", "user"=>"StuartJRitchie", "user_name"=>"Stuart Ritchie", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/512906786202873856/O_gVcoqI_normal.jpeg"}

Wikipedia | Further Information

• {"title"=>"Psychic reading", "url"=>"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychic_reading", "timestamp"=>"2019-02-26T11:17:04Z"}
• {"title"=>"Psychic", "url"=>"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychic", "timestamp"=>"2019-02-20T17:11:41Z"}
• {"title"=>"Daryl Bem", "url"=>"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daryl_Bem", "timestamp"=>"2019-02-20T22:40:47Z"}
• {"title"=>"وسيط روحاني", "url"=>"http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/وسيط_روحاني", "timestamp"=>"2019-02-06T14:38:30Z"}

Wordpress.com | Further Information

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Figshare

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PMC Usage Stats | Further Information

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Relative Metric

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F1000Prime