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{"title"=>"The welfare consequences and efficacy of training pet dogs with remote electronic training collars in comparison to reward based training", "type"=>"journal", "authors"=>[{"first_name"=>"Jonathan J.", "last_name"=>"Cooper", "scopus_author_id"=>"55471740900"}, {"first_name"=>"Nina", "last_name"=>"Cracknell", "scopus_author_id"=>"24334693100"}, {"first_name"=>"Jessica", "last_name"=>"Hardiman", "scopus_author_id"=>"37090680600"}, {"first_name"=>"Hannah", "last_name"=>"Wright", "scopus_author_id"=>"53985885800"}, {"first_name"=>"Daniel", "last_name"=>"Mills", "scopus_author_id"=>"55963188300"}], "year"=>2014, "source"=>"PLoS ONE", "identifiers"=>{"scopus"=>"2-s2.0-84906963035", "doi"=>"10.1371/journal.pone.0102722", "sgr"=>"84906963035", "pmid"=>"25184218", "issn"=>"19326203", "pui"=>"600017404"}, "id"=>"e9a50f7a-f0d8-3e25-b9b5-dd08c4a0786d", "abstract"=>"This study investigated the welfare consequences of training dogs in the field with manually operated electronic devices (e-collars). Following a preliminary study on 9 dogs, 63 pet dogs referred for recall related problems were assigned to one of three Groups: Treatment Group A were trained by industry approved trainers using e-collars; Control Group B trained by the same trainers but without use of e-collars; and Group C trained by members of the Association of Pet Dog Trainers, UK again without e-collar stimulation (n = 21 for each Group). Dogs received two 15 minute training sessions per day for 4-5 days. Training sessions were recorded on video for behavioural analysis. Saliva and urine were collected to assay for cortisol over the training period. During preliminary studies there were negative changes in dogs' behaviour on application of electric stimuli, and elevated cortisol post-stimulation. These dogs had generally experienced high intensity stimuli without pre-warning cues during training. In contrast, in the subsequent larger, controlled study, trainers used lower settings with a pre-warning function and behavioural responses were less marked. Nevertheless, Group A dogs spent significantly more time tense, yawned more often and engaged in less environmental interaction than Group C dogs. There was no difference in urinary corticosteroids between Groups. Salivary cortisol in Group A dogs was not significantly different from that in Group B or Group C, though Group C dogs showed higher measures than Group B throughout sampling. Following training 92% of owners reported improvements in their dog's referred behaviour, and there was no significant difference in reported efficacy across Groups. Owners of dogs trained using e-collars were less confident of applying the training approach demonstrated. These findings suggest that there is no consistent benefit to be gained from e-collar training but greater welfare concerns compared with positive reward based training.", "link"=>"http://www.mendeley.com/research/welfare-consequences-efficacy-training-pet-dogs-remote-electronic-training-collars-comparison-reward", "reader_count"=>80, "reader_count_by_academic_status"=>{"Unspecified"=>3, "Professor > Associate Professor"=>2, "Researcher"=>11, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>1, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>13, "Student > Postgraduate"=>5, "Other"=>18, "Student > Master"=>15, "Student > Bachelor"=>8, "Lecturer"=>2, "Lecturer > Senior Lecturer"=>1, "Professor"=>1}, "reader_count_by_user_role"=>{"Unspecified"=>3, "Professor > Associate Professor"=>2, "Researcher"=>11, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>1, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>13, "Student > Postgraduate"=>5, "Other"=>18, "Student > Master"=>15, "Student > Bachelor"=>8, "Lecturer"=>2, "Lecturer > Senior Lecturer"=>1, "Professor"=>1}, "reader_count_by_subject_area"=>{"Unspecified"=>5, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>33, "Philosophy"=>1, "Veterinary Science and Veterinary Medicine"=>14, "Chemistry"=>2, "Computer Science"=>1, "Earth and Planetary Sciences"=>2, "Engineering"=>2, "Environmental Science"=>1, "Nursing and Health Professions"=>1, "Medicine and Dentistry"=>9, "Neuroscience"=>1, "Psychology"=>7, "Social Sciences"=>1}, "reader_count_by_subdiscipline"=>{"Medicine and Dentistry"=>{"Medicine and Dentistry"=>9}, "Social Sciences"=>{"Social Sciences"=>1}, "Psychology"=>{"Psychology"=>7}, "Unspecified"=>{"Unspecified"=>5}, "Environmental Science"=>{"Environmental Science"=>1}, "Engineering"=>{"Engineering"=>2}, "Chemistry"=>{"Chemistry"=>2}, "Neuroscience"=>{"Neuroscience"=>1}, "Earth and Planetary Sciences"=>{"Earth and Planetary Sciences"=>2}, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>{"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>33}, "Computer Science"=>{"Computer Science"=>1}, "Nursing and Health Professions"=>{"Nursing and Health Professions"=>1}, "Philosophy"=>{"Philosophy"=>1}, "Veterinary Science and Veterinary Medicine"=>{"Veterinary Science and Veterinary Medicine"=>14}}, "reader_count_by_country"=>{"Hungary"=>1, "United States"=>1, "Italy"=>2, "United Kingdom"=>1}, "group_count"=>4}

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• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvsm.2017.12.004
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jveb.2015.03.011
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jveb.2018.03.004
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2017.07.001
• http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0185300
• http://doi.org/10.1002/jaba.334
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.asams.2016.08.002
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jveb.2018.05.004
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jveb.2017.02.004
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jveb.2018.02.006

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• {"referral"=>"http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/09/140908083344.htm", "language"=>"", "title"=>"Electronic training collars present welfare risk to pet dogs", "type"=>"News", "publication"=>"Science Daily", "published_on"=>"2014-09-08T00:00:00Z", "link_state"=>"APPROVED"}
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• {"referral"=>"http://animals.io9.com/the-science-of-dog-training-is-it-okay-to-use-a-shock-1632740695", "language"=>"English", "title"=>"The Science of Dog Training: Is It Okay To Use A Shock Collar?", "type"=>"Blog", "publication"=>"io9", "published_on"=>"2014-09-10T00:00:00Z", "link_state"=>"APPROVED"}
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Article Coverage Curated

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• {"referral"=>"http://dogtime.com/new-study-reveals-dog-shock-collars-cause-distress.html", "language"=>"English", "title"=>"New study reveals dog shock collars cause distress", "type"=>"News", "publication"=>"dogtime", "published_on"=>"2014-09-09T00:00:00Z", "link_state"=>"APPROVED"}
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• {"url"=>"http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.plos.org%2Fplosone%2Farticle%3Fid%3D10.1371%252Fjournal.pone.0102722", "share_count"=>113, "like_count"=>143, "comment_count"=>66, "click_count"=>0, "total_count"=>322}

Journal Comments | Further Information

• {"type"=>"COMMENT", "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/annotation/4534031f-d486-4e96-a1be-a14c67640027", "title"=>"Concerns with Study", "body"=>"After reading this study I am left with many concerns. The authors indicate that Ecollars were being used to train a recall on the dogs in Group 1. Further details actually describe using high, aversive levels of stimulation to teach avoidance - not the same thing. Even given these high levels of stimulation, they do not find any \"statistically significant\" variations in stress levels in the 3 test groups. However, they still conclude that Ecollar cause stress and are bad for animal welfare. It seems to me they are ignoring their own results. They also conclude that Ecollars are not necessary since equal results can be gained using rewards based methods alone. That opinion was based on results of a small number of returned questionnaires that asked subjective questions. \n\nI feel a better study should have larger test groups, and longer evaluations periods. Also, using Ecollars at lower levels than used here would be more in sync with how most trainers currently use these tools. Finally, to assess reliability between test groups, why not simply proof the training? Take dogs from the 3 groups out and recall them off of chasing prey or livestock. It's a simple thing to then objectively measure successes and failures. Some hard numbers would go a long way toward earning credibility in my eyes. I'd be V-E-R-Y surprised to see equal measures of reliability to a rewards based training group around extreme distractions, but I would welcome a study that actually measured a real world performance standard. \n\nI hope Veterinarians and others reading this study look at the details offered. Anyone concerned about animal welfare should be advocating effective training. A well trained dog is the best assurance of good behaviors, and a privileged life for the pet. An Ecollar is just a tool, but one that can be used gently to provide those reliable levels of training. That reflects real animal welfare to me.", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2014-09-11T15:28:05Z", "lastModified"=>"2014-09-11T15:28:05Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"460999"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>true, "body"=>"I am a Certified Pro Trainer that uses Ecollars for the training of some pet dogs. "}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0102722", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSONE"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSONE", "eIssn"=>"1932-6203", "title"=>"PLOS ONE"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>1, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2014-09-13T21:37:29Z", "replies"=>[{"type"=>"REPLY", "parentID"=>81795, "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/reply/cf49bd07-1245-4cc1-9571-125957499226", "title"=>"RE: Concerns with Study", "body"=>"My observations too, k9guy! They have null results, yet conclude that ecollars are harmful. And as you note, avoidance training is very different from normal obedience training. Finally, where is assessment of the final product, the reliable behavior of the dog? A well-trained dog is a safer dog, and a happier dog.", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2014-09-13T21:37:29Z", "lastModified"=>"2014-09-13T21:37:29Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"461433"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>false}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0102722", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSONE"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSONE", "eIssn"=>"1932-6203", "title"=>"PLOS ONE"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>0, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2014-09-13T21:37:29Z", "replies"=>[]}]}

Nature

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• {"domain"=>"self.Dogtraining", "banned_by"=>nil, "media_embed"=>{}, "subreddit"=>"Dogtraining", "selftext_html"=>"<!-- SC_OFF --><div class=\"md\"><p>I have been looking at the literature linked in the aversive collar wiki and there seems to be a lot of "e-collars are the worst method of dog training" going around, and I am looking for some good science to support these claims so that I can produce them in discussions/disagreements with other dog trainers.</p>\n\n<p>The 2004 Shilder Borg study that is linked to on the wiki did not take into account the level of shock dogs received but did note the dogs showed immediate physical reactions when the button was pressed (which seems like a major flaw when many professional trainers are using e-collars in a way that creates no perceptible physical response from the dog). Further, that study even concludes that e-collars should not be used for teaching new behaviors, but should be reserved for eliminating certain behaviors.</p>\n\n<p>The majority of other studies I find are essentially surveys of owners asking about training methods and perceived aggression. To me, this is hardly measurable/quality scientific data.</p>\n\n<p>In the somewhat recent 2014 University of Lincoln study (<a href=\"http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0102722\">http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0102722</a>), salivary cortisol levels which are shown to be associated with stress, were used to determine which behaviors were stress related behaviors. These stress related behaviors were then used to compare the dogs trained by e-collar and dogs trained by other methods. However, the salivary cortisol levels of the e-collar group and the positive group showed no difference between the two after each training session, and overall the salivary cortisol levels of the positive trained dogs were higher throughout the study.</p>\n\n<p>Please help, when discussions turn this way my defenses of "modern" and "science-based" training methods are getting victimized by my lack of quality scientific data.</p>\n</div><!-- SC_ON -->", "selftext"=>"I have been looking at the literature linked in the aversive collar wiki and there seems to be a lot of \"e-collars are the worst method of dog training\" going around, and I am looking for some good science to support these claims so that I can produce them in discussions/disagreements with other dog trainers.\n\nThe 2004 Shilder Borg study that is linked to on the wiki did not take into account the level of shock dogs received but did note the dogs showed immediate physical reactions when the button was pressed (which seems like a major flaw when many professional trainers are using e-collars in a way that creates no perceptible physical response from the dog). Further, that study even concludes that e-collars should not be used for teaching new behaviors, but should be reserved for eliminating certain behaviors.\n\nThe majority of other studies I find are essentially surveys of owners asking about training methods and perceived aggression. To me, this is hardly measurable/quality scientific data.\n\nIn the somewhat recent 2014 University of Lincoln study (http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0102722), salivary cortisol levels which are shown to be associated with stress, were used to determine which behaviors were stress related behaviors. These stress related behaviors were then used to compare the dogs trained by e-collar and dogs trained by other methods. However, the salivary cortisol levels of the e-collar group and the positive group showed no difference between the two after each training session, and overall the salivary cortisol levels of the positive trained dogs were higher throughout the study.\n\nPlease help, when discussions turn this way my defenses of \"modern\" and \"science-based\" training methods are getting victimized by my lack of quality scientific data.", "likes"=>nil, "suggested_sort"=>nil, "user_reports"=>[], "secure_media"=>nil, "link_flair_text"=>"discussion", "id"=>"4i8duv", "from_kind"=>nil, "gilded"=>0, "archived"=>false, "clicked"=>false, "report_reasons"=>nil, "author"=>"ersoccer15", "media"=>nil, "score"=>3, "approved_by"=>nil, "over_18"=>false, "hidden"=>false, "num_comments"=>3, "thumbnail"=>"self", "subreddit_id"=>"t5_2r067", "hide_score"=>false, "edited"=>false, "link_flair_css_class"=>"disc", "author_flair_css_class"=>nil, "downs"=>0, "secure_media_embed"=>{}, "saved"=>false, "removal_reason"=>nil, "stickied"=>false, "from"=>nil, "is_self"=>true, "from_id"=>nil, "permalink"=>"/r/Dogtraining/comments/4i8duv/wellconducted_studies_of_ecollar_efficacy_andor/?ref=search_posts", "locked"=>false, "name"=>"t3_4i8duv", "created"=>1462618300.0, "url"=>"https://www.reddit.com:80/r/Dogtraining/comments/4i8duv/wellconducted_studies_of_ecollar_efficacy_andor/", "author_flair_text"=>nil, "quarantine"=>false, "title"=>"Well-Conducted Studies of E-Collar Efficacy and/or Effects?", "created_utc"=>1462589500.0, "distinguished"=>nil, "mod_reports"=>[], "visited"=>false, "num_reports"=>nil, "ups"=>3}

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• {"id"=>"507234948047052801", "text"=>"Welfare Consequences & Efficacy of Training Dogs w/ Remote Electronic Collars in Comparison to Reward-Based Training http://t.co/wgKdam4FfA", "created_at"=>"2014-09-03T18:33:30Z", "user"=>"PLOSONE", "user_name"=>"PLOS ONE", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/2429958559/mzjl6as5u2m09r2erof6_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"507297689957326848", "text"=>"Science proves it....reward based training works as well or better than punishment-based!! http://t.co/2KDQK2Ubfi", "created_at"=>"2014-09-03T22:42:49Z", "user"=>"heartsonycgr", "user_name"=>"Kathy Carbone", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/493701582718906369/GMycMU5E_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"507297873235832832", "text"=>"Why hurt your dog? Ban shock collars!! http://t.co/2KDQK2Ubfi", "created_at"=>"2014-09-03T22:43:32Z", "user"=>"heartsonycgr", "user_name"=>"Kathy Carbone", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/493701582718906369/GMycMU5E_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"507304713076084736", "text"=>"RT @heartsonycgr: Why hurt your dog? Ban shock collars!! http://t.co/2KDQK2Ubfi", "created_at"=>"2014-09-03T23:10:43Z", "user"=>"blayrewitch", "user_name"=>"Michele", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/475401831636426752/6tVtxmx4_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"507332243275010050", "text"=>"Training pet dogs using electronic training collars, or e-collars, may cause behavioural signs of distress http://t.co/eE03G5fh0u", "created_at"=>"2014-09-04T01:00:07Z", "user"=>"AusSMC", "user_name"=>"Au Science Media Ctr", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/488888199431741440/yPdP6Z2j_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"507333353641492480", "text"=>"RT @AusSMC: Training pet dogs using electronic training collars, or e-collars, may cause behavioural signs of distress http://t.co/eE03G5fh…", "created_at"=>"2014-09-04T01:04:31Z", "user"=>"PotentWood", "user_name"=>"kathy ", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/493876542888345602/qUZJwwmu_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"507343484789866496", "text"=>"http://t.co/U4lrBDVkfq", "created_at"=>"2014-09-04T01:44:47Z", "user"=>"MrCrawley", "user_name"=>"Prawo Jazdy PhD ", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/416067846012018688/COoo2Gqt_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"507355545632665602", "text"=>"RT @AusSMC: Training pet dogs using electronic training collars, or e-collars, may cause behavioural signs of distress http://t.co/eE03G5fh…", "created_at"=>"2014-09-04T02:32:42Z", "user"=>"LizChristensen2", "user_name"=>"Liz Christensen", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/2484593046/195iq10rbx94sbj9mo4u_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"507606757892304898", "text"=>"The Welfare Consequences and Efficacy of Training Pet Dogs with Remote Electronic Training Collars http://t.co/ppg7kk7IBA", "created_at"=>"2014-09-04T19:10:56Z", "user"=>"geleidehondEasy", "user_name"=>"Easy guide dog", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/504991238765178881/AnAQItUJ_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"507771061874606080", "text"=>"#PLOSONE: The Welfare Consequences and Efficacy of Training Pet Dogs with Remote Electronic Training Collars... http://t.co/RZ64ZmI0E2", "created_at"=>"2014-09-05T06:03:49Z", "user"=>"RompingDogs", "user_name"=>"Kat Camplin, KPA-CTP", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/378800000727928243/b03ad9601a4b3e93705b932fc3519b10_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"508321416316747776", "text"=>"http://t.co/kjo7RVaoim http://t.co/NSt4XqzUy7", "created_at"=>"2014-09-06T18:30:44Z", "user"=>"casihofstede", "user_name"=>"Anything's Pawsible", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/504161903027830784/eeuftC-0_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"508344896454139904", "text"=>"for dog trainers who say e-collars are not a bad thing - http://t.co/R43CgLwjoR I say bullshit, they are only beneficial for lazy trainers", "created_at"=>"2014-09-06T20:04:02Z", "user"=>"psychicleaking", "user_name"=>"ltz", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/477535993994559488/9-0rl8ay_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"508346374975664129", "text"=>"RT @psychicleaking: for dog trainers who say e-collars are not a bad thing - http://t.co/R43CgLwjoR I say bullshit, they are only beneficia…", "created_at"=>"2014-09-06T20:09:55Z", "user"=>"FoFacy", "user_name"=>"FoFacy", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/507161011887943681/lcoF81sO_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"508607935946031105", "text"=>"The Welfare Consequences and Efficacy of Training Pet Dogs with Remote Electronic Training ... http://t.co/wCMJKtYbWO", "created_at"=>"2014-09-07T13:29:16Z", "user"=>"fiestypelican", "user_name"=>"Quill", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/452563288803377153/detRKrRM_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"509862252317794305", "text"=>"Yet more research that the risks outweigh the benefits when it comes to electronic training collars. http://t.co/YrciDq1Lqi", "created_at"=>"2014-09-11T00:33:28Z", "user"=>"tippykayak", "user_name"=>"Brian Tippy—PuppyTao", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/438777937664299009/sryb_flQ_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"510322469849161728", "text"=>"Research: The Welfare Consequences and Efficacy of Training Pet Dogs with Remote Electronic Training Collars http://t.co/j7FzLZVcqh", "created_at"=>"2014-09-12T07:02:12Z", "user"=>"dogsatlaw", "user_name"=>"Dogs at Law", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/2696338006/838b5f71fb17126c78cfea8049e489b4_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"511941089788706816", "text"=>"A new study from the Public Library of Science on the effectiveness and consequences of using e-collars http://t.co/tUFuZhnCx3", "created_at"=>"2014-09-16T18:14:01Z", "user"=>"jeffandhillary", "user_name"=>"SoftPuppyWarmHouse", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/378800000607546458/1e0a37bccf3ca92fb99c8355658e1920_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"511971263749685248", "text"=>"And the evidence piles up for positive methods and against e-collars. Thanks University of Lincoln. http://t.co/8jBqTuXJGs", "created_at"=>"2014-09-16T20:13:55Z", "user"=>"TheDogGuyJim", "user_name"=>"James Crosby CBCC-KA", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1215517451/croppedk2_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"511972242146598912", "text"=>"RT @TheDogGuyJim: And the evidence piles up for positive methods and against e-collars. Thanks University of Lincoln. http://t.co/8jBqTuXJGs", "created_at"=>"2014-09-16T20:17:49Z", "user"=>"HippieHalfBrit", "user_name"=>"☮ DeLinda ☮", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/509396449084178432/gL9RkJTN_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"512069483297779712", "text"=>"\"These findings suggest that there is no benefit to be gained from e-collar training...\" http://t.co/vrXrIwKbSC", "created_at"=>"2014-09-17T02:44:13Z", "user"=>"zrtrainer", "user_name"=>"Zach Rondinelli ", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/463148822169124865/cdRXvqwy_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"512235704441901057", "text"=>"The Welfare Consequences and Efficacy of Training Pet Dogs with E-Collars vs Reward Based Training http://t.co/qnXOFQh7RV", "created_at"=>"2014-09-17T13:44:43Z", "user"=>"awesomeneuron", "user_name"=>"marsha", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/480352012567990273/8m1VOs09_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"512336384519340032", "text"=>"New study on electric collars\nhttp://t.co/Deey8oysDY \nThis... http://t.co/XzohFWqH7J", "created_at"=>"2014-09-17T20:24:47Z", "user"=>"CanineTutor", "user_name"=>"Canine Tutor", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1341108949/canine_tutorefb_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"514856466176430080", "text"=>"#PLOSONE: The Welfare Consequences & Efficacy of Training Pet Dogs w Remote Electronic Training Collars in Compari... http://t.co/N1EjfkP3Km", "created_at"=>"2014-09-24T19:18:41Z", "user"=>"DETDogExaminer", "user_name"=>"Deb Monroe, CPDT-KA", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/2426073047/b7iut0cqf9jus2pa2zcs_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"515856415504609281", "text"=>"#PLOSONE: The Welfare Consequences, Efficacy of Training #Dogs w/Remote Electronic Training #Collars in Compari... http://t.co/97fx48RpCU", "created_at"=>"2014-09-27T13:32:08Z", "user"=>"maejin318", "user_name"=>"maejin", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/472546307555753984/dswWbHDy_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"521713372023517185", "text"=>"Tutkittua tietoa koirankoulutusmenetelmistä. Sähköpanta ei kannata! http://t.co/oRgSiAYFvY #sähköpanta", "created_at"=>"2014-10-13T17:25:35Z", "user"=>"LauLauLauLau", "user_name"=>"Laura Nissin", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/456150772183347200/x7I5Yz9G_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"521936855886200832", "text"=>"@Snoopypoopy We see anything 'aversive' (negative) as outdated. This recent study by U of Lincoln on shock collars: http://t.co/ccpcXG5lDc", "created_at"=>"2014-10-14T08:13:38Z", "user"=>"Dogs_Today", "user_name"=>"Dogs Today Magazine", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/519524422311354368/KFVytjwA_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"522100719974113280", "text"=>"RT @Dogs_Today: @Snoopypoopy We see anything 'aversive' (negative) as outdated. This recent study by U of Lincoln on shock collars: http://…", "created_at"=>"2014-10-14T19:04:46Z", "user"=>"Snoopypoopy", "user_name"=>"ariana nd williams", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/521308462605557761/iX2YBXV1_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"530018782111363072", "text"=>"Aversives in dog training are usually framed as an ethics question, but research calls into question effectiveness. http://t.co/LNmo6QPB7O", "created_at"=>"2014-11-05T15:28:19Z", "user"=>"dylanboyce", "user_name"=>"Dylan Boyce", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/528063149510258688/RdI9AEKi_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"540839575472836608", "text"=>"El uso d collar eléctrico en #perros no aumenta la eficacia del entrenamiento xo reduce el nivel de bienestar http://t.co/RjfDY9Nxyi", "created_at"=>"2014-12-05T12:06:17Z", "user"=>"Hablandoperro", "user_name"=>"Simiperrohablara", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1700019079/Logo_Twitter_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"540845498748653568", "text"=>"RT @Hablandoperro: El uso d collar eléctrico en #perros no aumenta la eficacia del entrenamiento xo reduce el nivel de bienestar http://t…", "created_at"=>"2014-12-05T12:29:49Z", "user"=>"Minchita_negra", "user_name"=>"Verónica Marcos", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/540491383434653697/1PGnESHm_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"541045556294873088", "text"=>"http://t.co/Qs9HOtI1I4", "created_at"=>"2014-12-06T01:44:47Z", "user"=>"CedarValleyK9", "user_name"=>"Cedar Valley K9", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/515252021637558272/OMjHEoPl_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"639921160189276160", "text"=>"Las consecuencias sobre el bienestar por el uso de collar eléctrico en perros. http://t.co/wwKEO1wahj", "created_at"=>"2015-09-04T22:01:08Z", "user"=>"EtologiaVet", "user_name"=>"Virginia Ragau", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1239452744/foto_Vir_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"657951366321537024", "text"=>"The Welfare Consequences and Efficacy of Training Pet Dogs with Remote Electronic Training Collars Compared to +R https://t.co/DowuwelTHw", "created_at"=>"2015-10-24T16:06:44Z", "user"=>"PetGuild", "user_name"=>"PetProfessionalGuild", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/459106108137684992/PLIp2gfC_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"708286639710146561", "text"=>"Study shows that training with an e-collar gives rise to behavioral signs of distress in #dogs. #BanShockCollars https://t.co/HfBxPoHVdY", "created_at"=>"2016-03-11T13:41:08Z", "user"=>"alpha5169", "user_name"=>"Anakin", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/680764939288576000/UfpUuoTC_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"708287022474108928", "text"=>"Study shows that training with an e-collar gives rise to behavioral signs of distress in #dogs. #BanShockCollars https://t.co/hRB06vw9Ys", "created_at"=>"2016-03-11T13:42:40Z", "user"=>"FromDuskTillDog", "user_name"=>"From Dusk Till Dog", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/497113924895264769/JuPf7UZ8_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"708287280708980736", "text"=>"The routine use of e-collars, even in accordance with best practice, presents a risk to the well-being of pet dogs. https://t.co/hRB06vw9Ys", "created_at"=>"2016-03-11T13:43:41Z", "user"=>"FromDuskTillDog", "user_name"=>"From Dusk Till Dog", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/497113924895264769/JuPf7UZ8_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"708287413949345792", "text"=>"RT @alpha5169: Study shows that training with an e-collar gives rise to behavioral signs of distress in #dogs. #BanShockCollars https://t.…", "created_at"=>"2016-03-11T13:44:13Z", "user"=>"redrabbitsnpow2", "user_name"=>"Jim R. Garrison", "user_profile_image"=>"http://abs.twimg.com/sticky/default_profile_images/default_profile_0_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"708290394606465024", "text"=>"RT @alpha5169: Study shows that training with an e-collar gives rise to behavioral signs of distress in #dogs. #BanShockCollars https://t.…", "created_at"=>"2016-03-11T13:56:04Z", "user"=>"HGrecki", "user_name"=>"Henryk G?recki", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/447721444621840385/oiCdHqep_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"708291149950279680", "text"=>"RT @FromDuskTillDog: The routine use of e-collars, even in accordance with best practice, presents a risk to the well-being of pet dogs. ht…", "created_at"=>"2016-03-11T13:59:04Z", "user"=>"alpha5169", "user_name"=>"Anakin", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/680764939288576000/UfpUuoTC_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"746702301868470272", "text"=>"Well it seems work better -with rewards - than electronic collars that stress pets @drnic1 https://t.co/q5ZCl0fbuf https://t.co/OsIrs2foRC", "created_at"=>"2016-06-25T13:51:16Z", "user"=>"Vilavaite", "user_name"=>"Mar?aJ.D?azCandamio", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/701923046504927233/JY_QASg7_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"837317578766766082", "text"=>"Welfare Consequences of Training Pet Dogs w/ Remote Electronic Training Collars Compared w/ Reward Based Training: https://t.co/GrK5ZqIqcn", "created_at"=>"2017-03-02T15:04:02Z", "user"=>"PetGuild", "user_name"=>"PetProfessionalGuild", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/739502646759960576/SMQg4M5M_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"930884149698641920", "text"=>"And here's the published article by Jonathan Cooper https://t.co/tSr2Qb3Krw", "created_at"=>"2017-11-15T19:44:10Z", "user"=>"CompAnimalPsych", "user_name"=>"CompanionAnimalPsych", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/566669453429968896/H7dAXd-t_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"930889306327142400", "text"=>"RT @CompAnimalPsych: And here's the published article by Jonathan Cooper https://t.co/tSr2Qb3Krw", "created_at"=>"2017-11-15T20:04:40Z", "user"=>"AhlstromSusa", "user_name"=>"Susanna Ahlstr?m", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/454612210124607488/Fi-hfG4b_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"932226348931796992", "text"=>"https://t.co/HAZqSGPbAn", "created_at"=>"2017-11-19T12:37:36Z", "user"=>"animalsbehaving", "user_name"=>"Frania Grielen", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/641657192991490048/-XXsU61D_normal.jpg"}

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Figshare

• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1659609"], "description"=>"<p>Percentage of owners in each response category who would continue to use the training methods to address the referred behaviour.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["Group B", "Control Group B", "Group C", "Remote Electronic Training Collars", "Pet Dog Trainers", "Training Pet Dogs", "Group C dogs", "15 minute training sessions", "63 pet dogs", "uk"], "article_id"=>1159584, "categories"=>["Uncategorised"], "users"=>["Jonathan J. Cooper", "Nina Cracknell", "Jessica Hardiman", "Hannah Wright", "Daniel Mills"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0102722.g005", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>1, "page_views"=>26, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Percentage_of_owners_in_each_response_category_who_would_continue_to_use_the_training_methods_to_address_the_referred_behaviour_/1159584", "title"=>"Percentage of owners in each response category who would continue to use the training methods to address the referred behaviour.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2014-09-03 03:01:43"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1659611"], "description"=>"<p>Percentage of owners in each response category who reported they were confident of continuing to use the training methods.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["Group B", "Control Group B", "Group C", "Remote Electronic Training Collars", "Pet Dog Trainers", "Training Pet Dogs", "Group C dogs", "15 minute training sessions", "63 pet dogs", "uk"], "article_id"=>1159586, "categories"=>["Uncategorised"], "users"=>["Jonathan J. Cooper", "Nina Cracknell", "Jessica Hardiman", "Hannah Wright", "Daniel Mills"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0102722.g006", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>1, "page_views"=>9, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Percentage_of_owners_in_each_response_category_who_reported_they_were_confident_of_continuing_to_use_the_training_methods_/1159586", "title"=>"Percentage of owners in each response category who reported they were confident of continuing to use the training methods.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2014-09-03 03:01:43"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1659613", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1659614"], "description"=>"<div><p>This study investigated the welfare consequences of training dogs in the field with manually operated electronic devices (e-collars). Following a preliminary study on 9 dogs, 63 pet dogs referred for recall related problems were assigned to one of three Groups: Treatment Group A were trained by industry approved trainers using e-collars; Control Group B trained by the same trainers but without use of e-collars; and Group C trained by members of the Association of Pet Dog Trainers, UK again without e-collar stimulation (n = 21 for each Group). Dogs received two 15 minute training sessions per day for 4–5 days. Training sessions were recorded on video for behavioural analysis. Saliva and urine were collected to assay for cortisol over the training period. During preliminary studies there were negative changes in dogs' behaviour on application of electric stimuli, and elevated cortisol post-stimulation. These dogs had generally experienced high intensity stimuli without pre-warning cues during training. In contrast, in the subsequent larger, controlled study, trainers used lower settings with a pre-warning function and behavioural responses were less marked. Nevertheless, Group A dogs spent significantly more time tense, yawned more often and engaged in less environmental interaction than Group C dogs. There was no difference in urinary corticosteroids between Groups. Salivary cortisol in Group A dogs was not significantly different from that in Group B or Group C, though Group C dogs showed higher measures than Group B throughout sampling. Following training 92% of owners reported improvements in their dog's referred behaviour, and there was no significant difference in reported efficacy across Groups. Owners of dogs trained using e-collars were less confident of applying the training approach demonstrated. These findings suggest that there is no consistent benefit to be gained from e-collar training but greater welfare concerns compared with positive reward based training.</p></div>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["Group B", "Control Group B", "Group C", "Remote Electronic Training Collars", "Pet Dog Trainers", "Training Pet Dogs", "Group C dogs", "15 minute training sessions", "63 pet dogs", "uk"], "article_id"=>1159588, "categories"=>["Uncategorised"], "users"=>["Jonathan J. Cooper", "Nina Cracknell", "Jessica Hardiman", "Hannah Wright", "Daniel Mills"], "doi"=>["https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0102722.s001", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0102722.s002"], "stats"=>{"downloads"=>13, "page_views"=>21, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_The_Welfare_Consequences_and_Efficacy_of_Training_Pet_Dogs_with_Remote_Electronic_Training_Collars_in_Comparison_to_Reward_Based_Training_/1159588", "title"=>"The Welfare Consequences and Efficacy of Training Pet Dogs with Remote Electronic Training Collars in Comparison to Reward Based Training", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>4, "published_date"=>"2014-09-03 03:01:43"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1659599"], "description"=>"<p>Log₁₀ salivary cortisol (mean ± SE) on arrival at training centre (Sample 0), following training without e-collar when dogs were allowed free exercise (Sample 1), 15 minutes following training with an activated e-collar (Sample 2) and 40 minutes following training with e-collars (Sample 3).</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["Group B", "Control Group B", "Group C", "Remote Electronic Training Collars", "Pet Dog Trainers", "Training Pet Dogs", "Group C dogs", "15 minute training sessions", "63 pet dogs", "uk"], "article_id"=>1159574, "categories"=>["Uncategorised"], "users"=>["Jonathan J. Cooper", "Nina Cracknell", "Jessica Hardiman", "Hannah Wright", "Daniel Mills"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0102722.g001", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>3, "page_views"=>22, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Log_10_salivary_cortisol_mean_177_SE_on_arrival_at_training_centre_Sample_0_following_training_without_e_collar_when_dogs_were_allowed_free_exercise_Sample_1_15_minutes_following_training_with_an_activated_e_collar_Sample_2_and_40_minutes_following_train/1159574", "title"=>"Log₁₀ salivary cortisol (mean ± SE) on arrival at training centre (Sample 0), following training without e-collar when dogs were allowed free exercise (Sample 1), 15 minutes following training with an activated e-collar (Sample 2) and 40 minutes following training with e-collars (Sample 3).", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2014-09-03 03:01:43"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1659603"], "description"=>"<p>Scatter plot of rate of vocalisations per minute against average collar settings (Stimulus intensity) used during training for the two collars (W being Sportdog SD-1825E (n = 11) and X being Dogtra 1210 NCP (n = 10)) used with Group A dogs.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["Group B", "Control Group B", "Group C", "Remote Electronic Training Collars", "Pet Dog Trainers", "Training Pet Dogs", "Group C dogs", "15 minute training sessions", "63 pet dogs", "uk"], "article_id"=>1159578, "categories"=>["Uncategorised"], "users"=>["Jonathan J. Cooper", "Nina Cracknell", "Jessica Hardiman", "Hannah Wright", "Daniel Mills"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0102722.g002", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>1, "page_views"=>20, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Scatter_plot_of_rate_of_vocalisations_per_minute_against_average_collar_settings_Stimulus_intensity_used_during_training_for_the_two_collars_W_being_Sportdog_SD_1825E_n_8202_8202_11_and_X_being_Dogtra_1210_NCP_n_8202_8202_10_used_with_Group_A_dogs_/1159578", "title"=>"Scatter plot of rate of vocalisations per minute against average collar settings (Stimulus intensity) used during training for the two collars (W being Sportdog SD-1825E (n = 11) and X being Dogtra 1210 NCP (n = 10)) used with Group A dogs.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2014-09-03 03:01:43"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1659606"], "description"=>"<p>Percentage of owners in each response category indicating that training was effective at improving dog's referred behaviour.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["Group B", "Control Group B", "Group C", "Remote Electronic Training Collars", "Pet Dog Trainers", "Training Pet Dogs", "Group C dogs", "15 minute training sessions", "63 pet dogs", "uk"], "article_id"=>1159581, "categories"=>["Uncategorised"], "users"=>["Jonathan J. Cooper", "Nina Cracknell", "Jessica Hardiman", "Hannah Wright", "Daniel Mills"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0102722.g003", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>2, "page_views"=>7, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Percentage_of_owners_in_each_response_category_indicating_that_training_was_effective_at_improving_dog_s_referred_behaviour_/1159581", "title"=>"Percentage of owners in each response category indicating that training was effective at improving dog's referred behaviour.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2014-09-03 03:01:43"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1659607"], "description"=>"<p>Percentage of owners in each response category who were satisfied with the training methods used.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["Group B", "Control Group B", "Group C", "Remote Electronic Training Collars", "Pet Dog Trainers", "Training Pet Dogs", "Group C dogs", "15 minute training sessions", "63 pet dogs", "uk"], "article_id"=>1159582, "categories"=>["Uncategorised"], "users"=>["Jonathan J. Cooper", "Nina Cracknell", "Jessica Hardiman", "Hannah Wright", "Daniel Mills"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0102722.g004", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>4, "page_views"=>8, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Percentage_of_owners_in_each_response_category_who_were_satisfied_with_the_training_methods_used_/1159582", "title"=>"Percentage of owners in each response category who were satisfied with the training methods used.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2014-09-03 03:01:43"}

PMC Usage Stats | Further Information

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Relative Metric

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F1000Prime