CiteULike | Further Information

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Mendeley | Further Information

{"title"=>"The Oxytricha trifallax Macronuclear Genome: A Complex Eukaryotic Genome with 16,000 Tiny Chromosomes", "type"=>"journal", "authors"=>[{"first_name"=>"Estienne C.", "last_name"=>"Swart", "scopus_author_id"=>"26635977600"}, {"first_name"=>"John R.", "last_name"=>"Bracht", "scopus_author_id"=>"6506333352"}, {"first_name"=>"Vincent", "last_name"=>"Magrini", "scopus_author_id"=>"6602548928"}, {"first_name"=>"Patrick", "last_name"=>"Minx", "scopus_author_id"=>"6603432098"}, {"first_name"=>"Xiao", "last_name"=>"Chen", "scopus_author_id"=>"55739117500"}, {"first_name"=>"Yi", "last_name"=>"Zhou", "scopus_author_id"=>"57191652417"}, {"first_name"=>"Jaspreet S.", "last_name"=>"Khurana", "scopus_author_id"=>"8301030900"}, {"first_name"=>"Aaron D.", "last_name"=>"Goldman", "scopus_author_id"=>"24465096400"}, {"first_name"=>"Mariusz", "last_name"=>"Nowacki", "scopus_author_id"=>"7005036189"}, {"first_name"=>"Klaas", "last_name"=>"Schotanus", "scopus_author_id"=>"23393953300"}, {"first_name"=>"Seolkyoung", "last_name"=>"Jung", "scopus_author_id"=>"53663695800"}, {"first_name"=>"Robert S.", "last_name"=>"Fulton", "scopus_author_id"=>"35351030100"}, {"first_name"=>"Amy", "last_name"=>"Ly", "scopus_author_id"=>"55319484300"}, {"first_name"=>"Sean", "last_name"=>"McGrath", "scopus_author_id"=>"7103260712"}, {"first_name"=>"Kevin", "last_name"=>"Haub", "scopus_author_id"=>"40561094900"}, {"first_name"=>"Jessica L.", "last_name"=>"Wiggins", "scopus_author_id"=>"55574851900"}, {"first_name"=>"Donna", "last_name"=>"Storton", "scopus_author_id"=>"55575318600"}, {"first_name"=>"John C.", "last_name"=>"Matese", "scopus_author_id"=>"6701415184"}, {"first_name"=>"Lance", "last_name"=>"Parsons", "scopus_author_id"=>"35799989500"}, {"first_name"=>"Wei Jen", "last_name"=>"Chang", "scopus_author_id"=>"7404564905"}, {"first_name"=>"Michael S.", "last_name"=>"Bowen", "scopus_author_id"=>"55251778400"}, {"first_name"=>"Nicholas A.", "last_name"=>"Stover", "scopus_author_id"=>"6603005707"}, {"first_name"=>"Thomas A.", "last_name"=>"Jones", "scopus_author_id"=>"7404294454"}, {"first_name"=>"Sean R.", "last_name"=>"Eddy", "scopus_author_id"=>"7006515943"}, {"first_name"=>"Glenn A.", "last_name"=>"Herrick", "scopus_author_id"=>"7003761049"}, {"first_name"=>"Thomas G.", "last_name"=>"Doak", "scopus_author_id"=>"6602814979"}, {"first_name"=>"Richard K.", "last_name"=>"Wilson", "scopus_author_id"=>"56713341900"}, {"first_name"=>"Elaine R.", "last_name"=>"Mardis", "scopus_author_id"=>"7003499321"}, {"first_name"=>"Laura F.", "last_name"=>"Landweber", "scopus_author_id"=>"7007053021"}], "year"=>2013, "source"=>"PLoS Biology", "identifiers"=>{"scopus"=>"2-s2.0-84873111080", "sgr"=>"84873111080", "issn"=>"15449173", "doi"=>"10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473", "pmid"=>"23382650", "isbn"=>"1545-7885 (Electronic)\\r1544-9173 (Linking)", "pui"=>"368230665"}, "id"=>"d28a8aa2-03c0-379e-a9cc-fec23208dae3", "abstract"=>"The macronuclear genome of the ciliate Oxytricha trifallax displays an extreme and unique eukaryotic genome architecture with extensive genomic variation. During sexual genome development, the expressed, somatic macronuclear genome is whittled down to the genic portion of a small fraction (∼5%) of its precursor \"silent\" germline micronuclear genome by a process of \"unscrambling\" and fragmentation. The tiny macronuclear \"nanochromosomes\" typically encode single, protein-coding genes (a small portion, 10%, encode 2-8 genes), have minimal noncoding regions, and are differentially amplified to an average of ∼2,000 copies. We report the high-quality genome assembly of ∼16,000 complete nanochromosomes (∼50 Mb haploid genome size) that vary from 469 bp to 66 kb long (mean ∼3.2 kb) and encode ∼18,500 genes. Alternative DNA fragmentation processes ∼10% of the nanochromosomes into multiple isoforms that usually encode complete genes. Nucleotide diversity in the macronucleus is very high (SNP heterozygosity is ∼4.0%), suggesting that Oxytricha trifallax may have one of the largest known effective population sizes of eukaryotes. Comparison to other ciliates with nonscrambled genomes and long macronuclear chromosomes (on the order of 100 kb) suggests several candidate proteins that could be involved in genome rearrangement, including domesticated MULE and IS1595-like DDE transposases. The assembly of the highly fragmented Oxytricha macronuclear genome is the first completed genome with such an unusual architecture. This genome sequence provides tantalizing glimpses into novel molecular biology and evolution. For example, Oxytricha maintains tens of millions of telomeres per cell and has also evolved an intriguing expansion of telomere end-binding proteins. In conjunction with the micronuclear genome in progress, the O. trifallax macronuclear genome will provide an invaluable resource for investigating programmed genome rearrangements, complementing studies of rearrangements arising during evolution and disease.", "link"=>"http://www.mendeley.com/research/oxytricha-trifallax-macronuclear-genome-complex-eukaryotic-genome-16000-tiny-chromosomes", "reader_count"=>193, "reader_count_by_academic_status"=>{"Unspecified"=>3, "Professor > Associate Professor"=>6, "Librarian"=>1, "Researcher"=>51, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>8, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>50, "Student > Postgraduate"=>3, "Student > Master"=>19, "Other"=>12, "Student > Bachelor"=>25, "Lecturer"=>1, "Lecturer > Senior Lecturer"=>3, "Professor"=>11}, "reader_count_by_user_role"=>{"Unspecified"=>3, "Professor > Associate Professor"=>6, "Librarian"=>1, "Researcher"=>51, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>8, "Student > Ph. D. 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ORCID | Further Information

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DataCite | Further Information

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Europe PMC Citations | Further Information

Europe PMC Database Citations | Further Information

{"EMBL"=>22363, "UNIPROT"=>23559}

PubMed Central

• 4702850
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Scopus | Further Information

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Article Coverage Curated

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• {"type"=>"COMMENT", "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/annotation/b83ff391-04a0-49ec-bed6-cbb32ac8947c", "title"=>"Potential contribution to pathogen transcription in beta assay via Oxytricha trifallax precursor", "body"=>"The careful attention to this organism is quite simply.......\" superb science\". The interested observer can via beta \nassay, provision details of sequence data implication in viral transcription. That the transcription element emerged from \nHIV-1 glycoprotein data of ABD51039, \"a map towards other mechanisms\"....implied in the complexity and operant mole chemistry provisioned in the study towards a difficult species.\nIn recording my comment, I simply state....\"this work will stand the test of time\". Excellent in every regard.\n\nMcGary", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2015-04-01T03:49:50Z", "lastModified"=>"2015-04-01T03:49:50Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"153081"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>false}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSBiology"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSBiology", "eIssn"=>"1545-7885", "title"=>"PLOS Biology"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>0, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2015-04-01T03:49:50Z", "replies"=>[]}

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• {"id"=>"296382552825032705", "text"=>"The Oxytricha trifallax Macronuclear Genome: A Complex Eukaryotic Genome with 16,000 Tiny Chromosomes http://t.co/PWtCc3J7", "created_at"=>"2013-01-29T22:21:21Z", "user"=>"animesh1977", "user_name"=>"Animesh Sharma", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1174472172/30836_437160525399_533710399_6191521_2115685_n_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"296398913450172416", "text"=>"TIL about the very weird Oxytricha trifallax macronuclear genome: «A Genome with 16,000 Tiny Chromosomes» http://t.co/gVVgXtAn", "created_at"=>"2013-01-29T23:26:22Z", "user"=>"gedankenstuecke", "user_name"=>"Bastian Greshake", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2466316198/7D66C55E-2643-4F71-8115-B524A7B8E72F_normal"}
• {"id"=>"296420858820435968", "text"=>"The Oxytricha trifallax Macronuclear Genome: A Complex Eukaryotic Genome with 16,000 Tiny Chromosomes http://t.co/DAMIQeDy", "created_at"=>"2013-01-30T00:53:34Z", "user"=>"Harrison_Peter", "user_name"=>"Peter Harrison", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2819748423/fe3c40d9aed2485a48df7281fa20fc3d_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"296593143736979458", "text"=>"The amazing 16,000-chromosome #genome of Oxytricha: #PLOSBiology Paper http://t.co/syd6yD37 and Synopsis http://t.co/TQmBnzvw", "created_at"=>"2013-01-30T12:18:10Z", "user"=>"PLOSBiology", "user_name"=>"PLOS Biology", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2432741784/7kk4r2cpabm7u2lqf17y_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"296593565193232384", "text"=>"RT @PLOSBiology: The amazing 16,000-chromosome #genome of Oxytricha: #PLOSBiology Paper http://t.co/syd6yD37 and Synopsis http://t.co/TQ ...", "created_at"=>"2013-01-30T12:19:51Z", "user"=>"FilipHusnik", "user_name"=>"Filip Husnik", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2934986329/01b175bc084005628bf7f73c25d0f31f_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"296594854073487360", "text"=>"RT @PLOSBiology: The amazing 16,000-chromosome #genome of Oxytricha: #PLOSBiology Paper http://t.co/syd6yD37 and Synopsis http://t.co/TQ ...", "created_at"=>"2013-01-30T12:24:58Z", "user"=>"RoliRoberts", "user_name"=>"Roli Roberts", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3114008062/046551d303b568ad4e4d82da9d37596d_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"296603977347379200", "text"=>"RT @PLOSBiology: The amazing 16,000-chromosome #genome of Oxytricha: #PLOSBiology Paper http://t.co/syd6yD37 and Synopsis http://t.co/TQ ...", "created_at"=>"2013-01-30T13:01:13Z", "user"=>"JChrisPires", "user_name"=>"J. Chris Pires", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1416048607/jcp_2011_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"296605081858629632", "text"=>"RT @PLOSBiology: The amazing 16,000-chromosome #genome of Oxytricha: #PLOSBiology Paper http://t.co/syd6yD37 and Synopsis http://t.co/TQ ...", "created_at"=>"2013-01-30T13:05:36Z", "user"=>"FedericoMGiorgi", "user_name"=>"Federico Giorgi", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2066554437/IMG_8207_normal.JPG"}
• {"id"=>"296606724121559040", "text"=>"#CokerBIO211 MT @PLOSBiology: The amazing 16,000-chromosome #genome of Oxytricha: Paper http://t.co/xXa2wG5e &amp;Synopsis http://t.co/dDILUoXh", "created_at"=>"2013-01-30T13:12:08Z", "user"=>"joseph_flaherty", "user_name"=>"Joe Flaherty", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2907627176/734341c283626e2c540211b4e089af76_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"296644821358088192", "text"=>"nanochromosomes MT @PLOSBiology: Amazing 16000-chromosome genome of Oxytricha:PLOSBiology http://t.co/rXD7a33m Synopsis http://t.co/7V6mT7iZ", "created_at"=>"2013-01-30T15:43:31Z", "user"=>"dicentric", "user_name"=>"beth", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3050914033/21cb137c01a2a2692760dd448e3c963c_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"296657505545768960", "text"=>"#PLOSBiology: The Oxytricha trifallax Macronuclear Genome: A Complex Eukaryotic Genome with 16,000 Tiny Chromosomes http://t.co/VfIGO1Qh", "created_at"=>"2013-01-30T16:33:55Z", "user"=>"DrJCThrash", "user_name"=>"Cameron Thrash", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1832768989/IMG_3135v2_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"296696864911278080", "text"=>"The Oxytricha trifallax, an Eukaryotic Genome with 16,000 Tiny Chromosomes http://t.co/GeBxE8L5 Wow. Fragmented genome confers advantage??!", "created_at"=>"2013-01-30T19:10:19Z", "user"=>"BiswapriyaMisra", "user_name"=>"Dr Biswapriya Misra", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3128089449/a50817b6bc02c4b76fc5768594cf5067_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"296701343668781056", "text"=>"RT @BiswapriyaMisra: The Oxytricha trifallax, an Eukaryotic Genome with 16,000 Tiny Chromosomes http://t.co/GeBxE8L5 Wow. Fragmented gen ...", "created_at"=>"2013-01-30T19:28:07Z", "user"=>"RudyGetBail", "user_name"=>"Eric Watson", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2674998507/3c7d96f33fef869ed8e89ded5e6945de_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"296891138424594432", "text"=>"#PLOSBiology: The Oxytricha trifallax Macronuclear Genome: A Complex Eukaryotic Genome with 16,000 Tiny Chromosomes http://t.co/4tr8VgwF", "created_at"=>"2013-01-31T08:02:18Z", "user"=>"fmartin1954", "user_name"=>"Francis Martin", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2987335604/71bb9ee26405f92c2a49d6619932b4c1_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"296997474256695297", "text"=>"#PLOSBiology: The Oxytricha trifallax Macronuclear Genome: A Complex Eukaryotic Genome with 16,000 Tiny Chromosomes http://t.co/K4kceeqJ", "created_at"=>"2013-01-31T15:04:50Z", "user"=>"oleg8r", "user_name"=>"Alex Kentsis", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1080085301/alexsimpsons_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"297038567606202368", "text"=>"16000 nanochromosomes, take a look at this:http://t.co/aAV4CYbU", "created_at"=>"2013-01-31T17:48:07Z", "user"=>"alishi1", "user_name"=>"alish1", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3122003118/7a7506cd95669ad6cb3a06252c944963_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"297039105756385281", "text"=>"A genome with 16 000 chromosomes...\n\nhttp://t.co/FPkwr0gN http://t.co/GqRTXgEi", "created_at"=>"2013-01-31T17:50:16Z", "user"=>"jhalloy", "user_name"=>"José Halloy", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1698563773/Photo_on_30-07-11_at_17.43_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"297076143629160448", "text"=>"What an amazing genome! http://t.co/ttk7cIh5", "created_at"=>"2013-01-31T20:17:26Z", "user"=>"djjgresham", "user_name"=>"David Gresham", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2979700432/26ed07d058ad3a008a68321145d5a614_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"298606583489908736", "text"=>"OK, now THAT is weird: 16000 chromosomes in the ciliate Oxytricha trifallax? http://t.co/4NXdOxDc", "created_at"=>"2013-02-05T01:38:52Z", "user"=>"BioDataGanache", "user_name"=>"Jason McDermott", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3030204967/f4c26ae350511c6edadf5ffcd3454cde_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"298618551974105088", "text"=>"Wow! this eukaryote genome has 16,000 'nano-chromosomes' and a SNP heterozygosity of ~4.0% http://t.co/enwUmWtM #PLoSBiology", "created_at"=>"2013-02-05T02:26:25Z", "user"=>"gknoProject", "user_name"=>"gknoProject", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2403545403/n1530md48xblg2smilkp_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"298685995182850048", "text"=>"#PLOSBiology: The Oxytricha trifallax Macronuclear Genome: A Complex Eukaryotic Genome with 16,000 Tiny Chromosomes http://t.co/huqgDppq", "created_at"=>"2013-02-05T06:54:25Z", "user"=>"JuliPereto", "user_name"=>"Juli Pereto", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2633250227/d834c636af997880047b422f9b25b473_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"298688371847483392", "text"=>"This protist (single-cell organism) has *16,000* chromosomes. That's crazy. http://t.co/NA43cjOO", "created_at"=>"2013-02-05T07:03:51Z", "user"=>"matthewcobb", "user_name"=>"Matthew Cobb", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2255567169/pic_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"298689281470386176", "text"=>"Seems excessive... RT @matthewcobb This protist (single-cell organism) has *16,000* chromosomes. That's crazy. http://t.co/Z2VjxhLE", "created_at"=>"2013-02-05T07:07:28Z", "user"=>"xtaldave", "user_name"=>"Dave Briggs", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3076562658/3ffd329761e88348d3de195b5ba7c785_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"298689687915220992", "text"=>"RT @matthewcobb: This protist (single-cell organism) has *16,000* chromosomes. That's crazy. http://t.co/NA43cjOO", "created_at"=>"2013-02-05T07:09:05Z", "user"=>"TheAtavism", "user_name"=>"David Winter", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1275164721/mugshot_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"298689853414047744", "text"=>"Nice example for sequencing macronuclear genomes MT @matthewcobb: This protist has *16,000* chromosomes. That's crazy. http://t.co/NusQo9yI", "created_at"=>"2013-02-05T07:09:45Z", "user"=>"BGI_Events", "user_name"=>"BGI", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1355669007/bgievents2_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"298689988109955072", "text"=>"Mmmm hmmm RT @matthewcobb: This protist (single-cell organism) has *16,000* chromosomes. That's crazy. http://t.co/QiZZmzxY", "created_at"=>"2013-02-05T07:10:17Z", "user"=>"scienceupulie", "user_name"=>"Blue Lotus Science", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1257534998/cavendish_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"298689989921886208", "text"=>"Mmmm hmmm RT @matthewcobb: This protist (single-cell organism) has *16,000* chromosomes. That's crazy. http://t.co/C6XxLALq", "created_at"=>"2013-02-05T07:10:17Z", "user"=>"upulie", "user_name"=>"Blue Lotus", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2628762995/4fdf191a54d19e6616d511f5aaada6e6_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"298690841835364352", "text"=>"Furthermore that ciliate looks like it has one of the largest effective population sizes of any eukaryote. http://t.co/NA43cjOO", "created_at"=>"2013-02-05T07:13:40Z", "user"=>"matthewcobb", "user_name"=>"Matthew Cobb", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2255567169/pic_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"298691411660922880", "text"=>"Ha! \"Another remarkable feature of Oxytricha's macronuclear genome is its inordinate fondness for telomeres.\" http://t.co/NA43cjOO", "created_at"=>"2013-02-05T07:15:56Z", "user"=>"matthewcobb", "user_name"=>"Matthew Cobb", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2255567169/pic_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"298692126898786304", "text"=>"Weirdest genome ever. 16 000 chromosomes, most with one gene, and 4% of SNPs heterozygous. \nhttp://t.co/aaj7q6Kt (via @matthewcobb )", "created_at"=>"2013-02-05T07:18:47Z", "user"=>"TheAtavism", "user_name"=>"David Winter", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1275164721/mugshot_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"298694278073438209", "text"=>"[delicious] The Oxytricha trifallax Macronuclear Genome #tweet: high-quality genome assembly of ~16,000 complete... http://t.co/DFgk7tWP", "created_at"=>"2013-02-05T07:27:20Z", "user"=>"yokofakun", "user_name"=>"Pierre Lindenbaum", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2207412089/jeter_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"298694599281635328", "text"=>"RT @TheAtavism: Weirdest genome ever. 16 000 chromosomes, most with one gene, and 4% of SNPs heterozygous. \nhttp://t.co/aaj7q6Kt (via @m ...", "created_at"=>"2013-02-05T07:28:36Z", "user"=>"VeronikaMeduna", "user_name"=>"Veronika Meduna", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2544247350/82wi7pulbkf10xalcvxy_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"298703779472240640", "text"=>"Whoa. 16000 chromosomes. Little non-coding DNA. 4% SNP heterozygosity. Weirdest genome ever. http://t.co/RXP6WL1F … via @TheAtavism", "created_at"=>"2013-02-05T08:05:05Z", "user"=>"DrSway", "user_name"=>"Michael Whitehead", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2505933572/j4vuu9j111g3v0gbzqzy_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"298706239955795968", "text"=>"RT @TheAtavism: Weirdest genome ever. 16 000 chromosomes, most with one gene, and 4% of SNPs heterozygous. \nhttp://t.co/aaj7q6Kt (via @m ...", "created_at"=>"2013-02-05T08:14:51Z", "user"=>"BiswapriyaMisra", "user_name"=>"Dr Biswapriya Misra", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3128089449/a50817b6bc02c4b76fc5768594cf5067_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"298706329592270848", "text"=>"RT @matthewcobb: This protist (single-cell organism) has *16,000* chromosomes. That's crazy. http://t.co/m4bdR3Mj", "created_at"=>"2013-02-05T08:15:13Z", "user"=>"David_S_Bristol", "user_name"=>"David Stephens", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2648341022/72bd2b7ad6f0bf876a5e55f6d1c7942f_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"298708455970193409", "text"=>"Der Ciliat Oxytricha trifallax verteilt 18,500 Gene auf 16,000 Nano-Chromosomen → typischerweise 1 #Gen pro #Chromosom http://t.co/MM9y8xUa", "created_at"=>"2013-02-05T08:23:40Z", "user"=>"Lab_Journal", "user_name"=>"Laborjournal", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3066234573/677a96476ed04c42f93c7f3e2ed7f162_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"298717617752006656", "text"=>"RT @David_S_Bristol: RT @matthewcobb: This protist (single-cell organism) has *16,000* chromosomes. That's crazy. http://t.co/m4bdR3Mj", "created_at"=>"2013-02-05T09:00:04Z", "user"=>"Alexis_Verger", "user_name"=>"Alexis Verger", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2229498218/av_new_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"298718576372760576", "text"=>"Big genome for a little organism!! RT“@DrSway: Whoa. 16000 chromosomes. Little non-coding DNA. Weirdest genome ever. http://t.co/ENpUV44T …”", "created_at"=>"2013-02-05T09:03:53Z", "user"=>"DrRebeccaJ", "user_name"=>"Rebecca Johnson", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2326916671/rhmgfru0rvwcsy5jal2u_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"298758007993556992", "text"=>"RT @TheAtavism: Weirdest genome ever. 16 000 chromosomes, most with one gene, and 4% of SNPs heterozygous. \nhttp://t.co/aaj7q6Kt (via @m ...", "created_at"=>"2013-02-05T11:40:34Z", "user"=>"lucasbrouwers", "user_name"=>"Lucas Brouwers", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2657870126/d0dcde0dccf745543fba58a796833399_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"298758875421761536", "text"=>"Bizarre! 'The Oxytricha trifallax Genome: A Complex Eukaryotic Genome with 16,000 Tiny Chromosomes' @PLOSBiology http://t.co/TOkPR5wY", "created_at"=>"2013-02-05T11:44:01Z", "user"=>"WvSchaik", "user_name"=>"WvSchaik", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1898324242/P1000411-2_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"298762163227594755", "text"=>"RT @David_S_Bristol: RT @matthewcobb: This protist (single-cell organism) has *16,000* chromosomes. That's crazy. http://t.co/m4bdR3Mj", "created_at"=>"2013-02-05T11:57:05Z", "user"=>"GECellBiology", "user_name"=>"GE Cell Biology", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2651895711/14c02e1ee90595b62366cb1b50425f73_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"298788451552227328", "text"=>"genome papers rarely wow me anymore. But this is amazing... http://t.co/icXyJy9X @PLOS #OxytrichaTrifallax #SoManyChromosomes", "created_at"=>"2013-02-05T13:41:32Z", "user"=>"JackGibboni", "user_name"=>"John Gibbons", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1894908220/western_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"298788694851194880", "text"=>"RT @JackGibboni: genome papers rarely wow me anymore. But this is amazing... http://t.co/icXyJy9X @PLOS #OxytrichaTrifallax #SoManyChrom ...", "created_at"=>"2013-02-05T13:42:30Z", "user"=>"cliffordlarcom", "user_name"=>"Clifford Larcom", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2570164952/raj5xslazxeg8wot93ll_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"298791214604484608", "text"=>"This protist (single-cell organism) has *16,000* chromosomes. That's creative. http://t.co/w2AzF1Ut\"", "created_at"=>"2013-02-05T13:52:31Z", "user"=>"RehamAjina", "user_name"=>"Reham Ajina", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3145434850/b4e3dc016f3809fbf659cb0d590ea3ce_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"298792841881198593", "text"=>"RT @David_S_Bristol: RT @matthewcobb: This protist (single-cell organism) has *16,000* chromosomes. That's crazy. http://t.co/m4bdR3Mj", "created_at"=>"2013-02-05T13:58:59Z", "user"=>"avinashtn", "user_name"=>"Avinash", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3085185338/c25acbed9c718a8d8ab6096780bc6afc_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"298792938400530432", "text"=>"WTF? RT @David_S_Bristol: RT @matthewcobb: This protist (single-cell organism) has *16,000* chromosomes. That's crazy. http://t.co/VBVqBhbX", "created_at"=>"2013-02-05T13:59:22Z", "user"=>"avinashtn", "user_name"=>"Avinash", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3085185338/c25acbed9c718a8d8ab6096780bc6afc_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"298851122301530112", "text"=>"A ciliate RT @theatavism: Weirdest genome ever. 16K chromosomes, most with one gene, and 4% of SNPs heterozygous. http://t.co/5wIKa8Fk", "created_at"=>"2013-02-05T17:50:34Z", "user"=>"DaleYuzuki", "user_name"=>"Dale Yuzuki", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1873146852/Profile_square_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"298871283846897664", "text"=>"OK, now THAT is weird: 16000 chromosomes in the ciliate Oxytricha trifallax? http://t.co/4NXdOxDc …", "created_at"=>"2013-02-05T19:10:41Z", "user"=>"BioDataGanache", "user_name"=>"Jason McDermott", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3030204967/f4c26ae350511c6edadf5ffcd3454cde_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"298882499663249408", "text"=>"MT @matthewcobb: This protist has *16,000* chromosomes. That's crazy. http://t.co/OUPZoWVp", "created_at"=>"2013-02-05T19:55:15Z", "user"=>"BlueSEQ", "user_name"=>"BlueSEQ", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1215363332/logo_til_twitter_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"298935719899054080", "text"=>"Blow Yo Mind. A Complex Eukaryotic Genome with 16,000 Tiny Chromosomes. http://t.co/OX2VrJp7", "created_at"=>"2013-02-05T23:26:44Z", "user"=>"oleg8r", "user_name"=>"Alex Kentsis", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1080085301/alexsimpsons_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"299058218016051200", "text"=>"染色体１万６千本って誰得 http://t.co/5On1roOP", "created_at"=>"2013-02-06T07:33:30Z", "user"=>"mkasahara", "user_name"=>"Masahiro Kasahara", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/sticky/default_profile_images/default_profile_4_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"299058577132363776", "text"=>"RT @mkasahara: 染色体１万６千本って誰得 http://t.co/5On1roOP", "created_at"=>"2013-02-06T07:34:55Z", "user"=>"chunjp", "user_name"=>"chunjp", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/791537537/endo-ocaml-small_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"299080325798170624", "text"=>"RT @mkasahara: 染色体１万６千本って誰得 http://t.co/5On1roOP", "created_at"=>"2013-02-06T09:01:20Z", "user"=>"yuifu", "user_name"=>"Haruka Ozaki", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/549692641/___5_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"299161530937794560", "text"=>"すごい。。　RT @mkasahara: 染色体１万６千本って誰得 http://t.co/QI6poVPl", "created_at"=>"2013-02-06T14:24:01Z", "user"=>"hacchy", "user_name"=>"Tsuyoshi Hachiya", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1178505676/hacchy_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"299172810016837632", "text"=>"繊毛虫のゲノム http://t.co/NPBrcBay ※ やっぱり変わり者だな", "created_at"=>"2013-02-06T15:08:50Z", "user"=>"haruyo_y", "user_name"=>"山口晴代（きき酒師）", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2797232779/08be2762d4233847e5d0d8d30a590c8b_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"299183344174907392", "text"=>"Nice piece in @NatGeo by @edyong209 http://t.co/OpA1DAiK on #PLOSBiology crazy Oxytricha chromosome paper http://t.co/syd6yD37", "created_at"=>"2013-02-06T15:50:42Z", "user"=>"PLOSBiology", "user_name"=>"PLOS Biology", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2432741784/7kk4r2cpabm7u2lqf17y_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"299199900950859776", "text"=>"#nowreading the oxytricha trifallax macronuclear genome: a complex eukaryotic genome with 16,000 tiny chromosomes http://t.co/KZz8kd9I", "created_at"=>"2013-02-06T16:56:29Z", "user"=>"lultimoalbero", "user_name"=>"alberto_orgiazzi", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2809967641/89ddc64b9906594a9684bab4ecbbdcec_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"299553927425310720", "text"=>"Why I love science - I read about nanochromosomes yesterday http://t.co/YsmNh9D9 then progenotes here http://t.co/18K6XG6p #connections", "created_at"=>"2013-02-07T16:23:16Z", "user"=>"PMOrwin", "user_name"=>"Paul Orwin", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1873594223/pmophoto_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"300300100008280064", "text"=>"After a decade of grueling work, the Oxytricha genome paper is finally out! http://t.co/7yi9SGHW (it's a totally fucked up genome!)", "created_at"=>"2013-02-09T17:48:17Z", "user"=>"PsiWavefunction", "user_name"=>"Psi Wavefunction", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/726827387/Psi_Avatar_normal.JPG"}
• {"id"=>"300300948432101377", "text"=>"RT @PsiWavefunction: After a decade of grueling work, the Oxytricha genome paper is finally out! http://t.co/7yi9SGHW (it's a totally fu ...", "created_at"=>"2013-02-09T17:51:40Z", "user"=>"sinaadl", "user_name"=>"Sina Adl", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/267470375/Sina_1_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"300305249737007105", "text"=>"MT “@PsiWavefunction: After decade of grueling work, Oxytricha genome paper is out! http://t.co/bLotpzb3 (it's a totally f'd up genome!)”", "created_at"=>"2013-02-09T18:08:45Z", "user"=>"surt_lab", "user_name"=>"David Baltrus", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/987093067/n576911098_559968_8277_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"300307323220541440", "text"=>"BT (bowdlerised tweet) @PsiWavefunction After a decade of grueling work, the Oxytricha genome paper is finally out! http://t.co/U7BJQhwm", "created_at"=>"2013-02-09T18:16:59Z", "user"=>"microbingle", "user_name"=>"Lewіs Bіngle", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2206419000/4362214250_f85e41cde3_b_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"300494584247631873", "text"=>"RT @surt_lab: MT “@PsiWavefunction: After decade of grueling work, Oxytricha genome paper is out! http://t.co/bLotpzb3 (it's a totally f ...", "created_at"=>"2013-02-10T06:41:06Z", "user"=>"PseudoYan", "user_name"=>"Jeremy Yan, PhD", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2432588990/40hijubk5vrnrvhhhbpm_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"300666509418713090", "text"=>"Oxytricha trifallax macronuclear genome: a complex eukaryotic genome with 16,000 tiny chromosomes: http://t.co/uZzlfIFA", "created_at"=>"2013-02-10T18:04:16Z", "user"=>"AlexAlexAlex138", "user_name"=>"Alex Alex", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3144420474/6b123599be299f7821a81e43fe4c850f_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"300668907650433024", "text"=>"#PLOSBiology: The Oxytricha trifallax Macronuclear Genome: A Complex Eukaryotic Genome with 16,000 Tiny Chromosomes http://t.co/DoRAxXED", "created_at"=>"2013-02-10T18:13:48Z", "user"=>"wilsontxsc", "user_name"=>" Greg Wilson", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3159229161/e6efb60a46905f362b50237fce9f874c_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"300702307891441664", "text"=>"#PLOSBiology: The Oxytricha trifallax Macronuclear Genome: A Complex Eukaryotic Genome with 16,000 Tiny Chromosomes http://t.co/4JM3qgSh", "created_at"=>"2013-02-10T20:26:31Z", "user"=>"xdopazo", "user_name"=>"Joaquin Dopazo", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2634027308/673f5cdaafe0c7b354c1d7d343e4ed4d_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"300809801053642753", "text"=>"RT @TheAtavism: Weirdest genome ever. 16 000 chromosomes, most with one gene, and 4% of SNPs heterozygous. \nhttp://t.co/aaj7q6Kt (via @m ...", "created_at"=>"2013-02-11T03:33:40Z", "user"=>"bisbb", "user_name"=>"Bisselingskaat ", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2589078974/hakx0paoahvg2flr2p7t_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"300847553086386177", "text"=>"RT @TheAtavism: Weirdest genome ever. 16 000 chromosomes, most with one gene, and 4% of SNPs heterozygous. \nhttp://t.co/aaj7q6Kt (via @m ...", "created_at"=>"2013-02-11T06:03:40Z", "user"=>"soyshadow", "user_name"=>"Hendrik Rietman", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2518894697/0zz39oybf1h411i44d73_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"300850356450103296", "text"=>"RT @TheAtavism: Weirdest genome ever. 16 000 chromosomes, most with one gene, and 4% of SNPs heterozygous. \nhttp://t.co/aaj7q6Kt (via @m ...", "created_at"=>"2013-02-11T06:14:49Z", "user"=>"PsiWavefunction", "user_name"=>"Psi Wavefunction", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/726827387/Psi_Avatar_normal.JPG"}
• {"id"=>"300868570529796097", "text"=>"http://t.co/uwOPCCs8", "created_at"=>"2013-02-11T07:27:11Z", "user"=>"jaishashi", "user_name"=>"jaishashi", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/52629087/p431_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"300868587076345856", "text"=>"RT @TheAtavism: Weirdest genome ever. 16 000 chromosomes, most with one gene, and 4% of SNPs heterozygous. \nhttp://t.co/aaj7q6Kt (via @m ...", "created_at"=>"2013-02-11T07:27:15Z", "user"=>"jaishashi", "user_name"=>"jaishashi", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/52629087/p431_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"300871258311098369", "text"=>"#PLOSBiology: The Oxytricha trifallax Macronuclear Genome: A Complex Eukaryotic Genome with 16,000 Tiny Chromosomes http://t.co/r6pCos5d", "created_at"=>"2013-02-11T07:37:52Z", "user"=>"JohanWillemsen", "user_name"=>"Johan Willemsen", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2966101269/11310cc7dc4982978ba3c1033f538abd_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"300941475473129474", "text"=>"About the perplexing complexity of ciliate genomes: #PLOSBiology http://t.co/066iokUJ", "created_at"=>"2013-02-11T12:16:53Z", "user"=>"waltzer_lucas", "user_name"=>"lucas waltzer", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2746322766/cd44ee2c2fbf8dbdb2045ef5438e4334_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"301482396463808513", "text"=>"PLOS Biology: The Oxytricha trifallax Macronuclear Genome: A Complex Eukaryotic Genome with 16,000 Tiny Chromosomes (!) http://t.co/cIEXV8kP", "created_at"=>"2013-02-13T00:06:19Z", "user"=>"scilahn", "user_name"=>"Richard Ahn", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1816907812/me_vienna_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"316900174968541184", "text"=>"#PLOSBiology: so ... many ... chromosomes ... http://t.co/tzyQIdxPx9", "created_at"=>"2013-03-27T13:11:04Z", "user"=>"Lord_of_Flyz", "user_name"=>"Colin Meiklejohn", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3304717450/94cbe6a05d8e52129453aaca064d35b6_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"319397325019697152", "text"=>"@barkersaur If you want weird you should check out this one. 16000 chromosomes! http://t.co/2ViSN8nK5N", "created_at"=>"2013-04-03T10:33:51Z", "user"=>"realscientists", "user_name"=>"realscientists", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3455227653/4bf9853998ebebc24b415274214cfb1f_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"355320633736970240", "text"=>"#smbe13 The Oxytricha trifallax Macronuclear Genome: A Complex Eukaryotic Genome with 16,000 Tiny Chromosomes http://t.co/YRPRAdBmph", "created_at"=>"2013-07-11T13:40:15Z", "user"=>"DanGraur", "user_name"=>"Dan Graur", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3287733667/3d2310d0277dc1e07aa1bbea16c417f8_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"402091669496950784", "text"=>"The Oxytricha trifallax has a really complex genome architecture, but it still can't (or won't) use a credit card! http://t.co/CKlZ5SBdQT", "created_at"=>"2013-11-17T15:11:39Z", "user"=>"razZ0r", "user_name"=>"razor", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1369601363/cosplay_g02_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"452217109200633856", "text"=>"@rob_beiko @dvanichkina this organism is fascinating; has at least 16,000 tiny (~3.2 kb mean length) chromosomes http://t.co/zBCaOafqun", "created_at"=>"2014-04-04T22:52:15Z", "user"=>"davetang31", "user_name"=>"Dave Tang", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/378800000573387874/67fa8d9645a1d07cfcb0cdf4be5973e7_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"452452882806497280", "text"=>"RT @davetang31: @rob_beiko @dvanichkina this organism is fascinating; has at least 16,000 tiny (~3.2 kb mean length) chromosomes http://t.…", "created_at"=>"2014-04-05T14:29:08Z", "user"=>"cathcoste", "user_name"=>"CATHERINE COSTE", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/444523629766651905/ABC5t4us_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"467090261844049920", "text"=>"Crazy! 'The Oxytricha trifallax Macronuclear Genome: A Complex Eukaryotic Genome with 16,000 Tiny Chromosomes' http://t.co/DfvbJYF2hS", "created_at"=>"2014-05-15T23:52:51Z", "user"=>"PhilippBayer", "user_name"=>"Philipp Bayer", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/2013711027/IMG_1088_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"467091149333594112", "text"=>"RT @PhilippBayer: Crazy! 'The Oxytricha trifallax Macronuclear Genome: A Complex Eukaryotic Genome with 16,000 Tiny Chromosomes' http://t.c…", "created_at"=>"2014-05-15T23:56:22Z", "user"=>"cfowla", "user_name"=>"C.R. Fowler", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/3425058604/d7ac319470f2fce4bc66dd8ead88bc72_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"467093611835043840", "text"=>"RT @PhilippBayer: Crazy! 'The Oxytricha trifallax Macronuclear Genome: A Complex Eukaryotic Genome with 16,000 Tiny Chromosomes' http://t.c…", "created_at"=>"2014-05-16T00:06:09Z", "user"=>"Billare", "user_name"=>"Billare", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/434003156851097600/pZXFgJyX_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"467118870474407936", "text"=>"RT @PhilippBayer: Crazy! 'The Oxytricha trifallax Macronuclear Genome: A Complex Eukaryotic Genome with 16,000 Tiny Chromosomes' http://t.c…", "created_at"=>"2014-05-16T01:46:32Z", "user"=>"TomEdWhite", "user_name"=>"Thomas White", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/2383260266/ab5yeb6zul0ewo52l72h_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"467330987505238016", "text"=>"RT @PhilippBayer: Crazy! 'The Oxytricha trifallax Macronuclear Genome: A Complex Eukaryotic Genome with 16,000 Tiny Chromosomes' http://t.c…", "created_at"=>"2014-05-16T15:49:24Z", "user"=>"sjackman", "user_name"=>"Shaun Jackman", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1477813716/sdj-headshot-square_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"468365633617682432", "text"=>"L.Landweber - \nThe Oxytricha trifallax Macronuclear Genome paper by Swart\n http://t.co/EMxXq17QvM #asm2014", "created_at"=>"2014-05-19T12:20:43Z", "user"=>"jacarrico", "user_name"=>"João André Carriço", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/134983559/JAC2_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"468390432159039488", "text"=>"MT @jacarrico In case you missed it, an extreme genome: 16,000 chromosomes! http://t.co/hvTH9890EH", "created_at"=>"2014-05-19T13:59:15Z", "user"=>"JMetcalfVU", "user_name"=>"Jason Metcalf", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/378800000854896028/07cd3940b9088e426d929e620bfa20b6_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"512289220858511361", "text"=>"Oxytricha trifallax is notable for having as many as 16,000 chromosomes. http://t.co/cJax0G4b2p", "created_at"=>"2014-09-17T17:17:22Z", "user"=>"yokofakun", "user_name"=>"Pierre Lindenbaum", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/2207412089/jeter_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"512653135500689409", "text"=>"RT @yokofakun: Oxytricha trifallax is notable for having as many as 16,000 chromosomes. http://t.co/cJax0G4b2p", "created_at"=>"2014-09-18T17:23:26Z", "user"=>"djp1344", "user_name"=>"denis puthier", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/417948421333348352/pAPTONLq_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"514071936515964928", "text"=>"The Oxytricha trifallax Macronuclear Genome: A Complex Eukaryotic Genome with 16,000 Tiny Chromosomes http://t.co/yeD5YhYh84 #biology", "created_at"=>"2014-09-22T15:21:15Z", "user"=>"sebhtml", "user_name"=>"Sébastien Boisvert", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/3089249692/7f813cd845e5eeda4d083e1240974e57_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"514072156011888646", "text"=>"RT @sebhtml: The Oxytricha trifallax Macronuclear Genome: A Complex Eukaryotic Genome with 16,000 Tiny Chromosomes http://t.co/yeD5YhYh84 #…", "created_at"=>"2014-09-22T15:22:07Z", "user"=>"PLOSBiology", "user_name"=>"PLOS Biology", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/2432741784/7kk4r2cpabm7u2lqf17y_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"514078859399266305", "text"=>"RT @sebhtml: The Oxytricha trifallax Macronuclear Genome: A Complex Eukaryotic Genome with 16,000 Tiny Chromosomes http://t.co/yeD5YhYh84 #…", "created_at"=>"2014-09-22T15:48:45Z", "user"=>"jez_owen", "user_name"=>"Jez Owen", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/502090101837418496/xRt1L2-A_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"514081498220474368", "text"=>"RT @sebhtml: The Oxytricha trifallax Macronuclear Genome: A Complex Eukaryotic Genome with 16,000 Tiny Chromosomes http://t.co/yeD5YhYh84 #…", "created_at"=>"2014-09-22T15:59:15Z", "user"=>"biobasedcatch", "user_name"=>"Adrienne ", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/469135768674643968/WO22silN_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"514087051541872640", "text"=>"PLOS Biology: The Oxytricha trifallax Macronuclear Genome: A Complex Eukaryotic Genome with 16,000 Tiny Chromosomes http://t.co/Rxrhoofiqd", "created_at"=>"2014-09-22T16:21:19Z", "user"=>"maxmaronna", "user_name"=>"maxmaronna", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1847081514/Osvaldo_Pugliese_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"514091822327812096", "text"=>"RT @sebhtml: The Oxytricha trifallax Macronuclear Genome: A Complex Eukaryotic Genome with 16,000 Tiny Chromosomes http://t.co/yeD5YhYh84 #…", "created_at"=>"2014-09-22T16:40:16Z", "user"=>"MinionLab", "user_name"=>"Reed A. Cartwright", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/471774670736216064/mBF02vB9_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"549332874819022848", "text"=>"Here's one of her lab's papers in @PLOSBiology (Open Access FTW) http://t.co/Kxr1APJ1Bt", "created_at"=>"2014-12-28T22:35:38Z", "user"=>"realscientists", "user_name"=>"realscientists", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/549161335418675200/zbHMYA99_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"549335078191759361", "text"=>"RT @realscientists: Here's one of her lab's papers in @PLOSBiology (Open Access FTW) http://t.co/Kxr1APJ1Bt", "created_at"=>"2014-12-28T22:44:23Z", "user"=>"Arthur59611540", "user_name"=>"ALC", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/420668301774045184/FQ7OHpcM_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"549337100685168640", "text"=>"RT @realscientists: Here's one of her lab's papers in @PLOSBiology (Open Access FTW) http://t.co/Kxr1APJ1Bt", "created_at"=>"2014-12-28T22:52:25Z", "user"=>"PLOSBiology", "user_name"=>"PLOS Biology", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/2432741784/7kk4r2cpabm7u2lqf17y_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"549362878932062208", "text"=>"RT @realscientists: Here's one of her lab's papers in @PLOSBiology (Open Access FTW) http://t.co/Kxr1APJ1Bt", "created_at"=>"2014-12-29T00:34:51Z", "user"=>"IanNieves", "user_name"=>"Ian N", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1391710116/Portriat_Simple_2_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"549381198582005760", "text"=>"RT @realscientists: Here's one of her lab's papers in @PLOSBiology (Open Access FTW) http://t.co/Kxr1APJ1Bt", "created_at"=>"2014-12-29T01:47:39Z", "user"=>"DrChromo", "user_name"=>"Jeff Craig", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/378800000630931361/cae0dce07622104f20a281ca666c4276_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"554121325422587904", "text"=>"リファレンス。繊毛だった╭( ･ㅂ･)و ✧ http://t.co/vfBq9TXXRT", "created_at"=>"2015-01-11T03:43:13Z", "user"=>"inusuke_sub", "user_name"=>"いぬすけ", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/539256239813689344/mq8XBnSQ_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"664381711086690304", "text"=>"This @PLOSBiology genome paper I'm reading has 5.5 pages only -listing- its online supplementary material.. https://t.co/F62xFuFkmq", "created_at"=>"2015-11-11T09:58:38Z", "user"=>"ElinVidevall", "user_name"=>"Elin Videvall", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/378800000838006249/5018c907c6b3dce7a19f43b1bdb9d80f_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"664507969732644864", "text"=>"RT @ElinVidevall: This @PLOSBiology genome paper I'm reading has 5.5 pages only -listing- its online supplementary material.. https://t.co/…", "created_at"=>"2015-11-11T18:20:20Z", "user"=>"MarenWellenreut", "user_name"=>"Maren Wellenreuther", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/470181448406679553/7kkVKw4k_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"793318452505174016", "text"=>"Reading about crazy genomes: https://t.co/P2MuiLeTBM", "created_at"=>"2016-11-01T05:07:12Z", "user"=>"Amelia_Lindsey", "user_name"=>"Amelia Lindsey", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/512386990512144384/aq5UdaB3_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"793384451568959488", "text"=>"RT @Amelia_Lindsey: Reading about crazy genomes: https://t.co/P2MuiLeTBM", "created_at"=>"2016-11-01T09:29:28Z", "user"=>"PLOSBiology", "user_name"=>"PLOS Biology", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/2432741784/7kk4r2cpabm7u2lqf17y_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"793386926770364416", "text"=>"Extremely unusual genome architecture - 16K nanochromosomes, 10s of millions of telomeres and new domesticated TEs\nhttps://t.co/TBlFlwlSPs", "created_at"=>"2016-11-01T09:39:18Z", "user"=>"jessstapley", "user_name"=>"Jessica Stapley", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/704579461115580416/vu9Ul71X_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"793392427398631424", "text"=>"RT @Amelia_Lindsey: Reading about crazy genomes: https://t.co/P2MuiLeTBM", "created_at"=>"2016-11-01T10:01:09Z", "user"=>"skeetarie", "user_name"=>"GM", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1182769924/ednamode4_normal.JPG"}
• {"id"=>"793393420530229248", "text"=>"RT @Amelia_Lindsey: Reading about crazy genomes: https://t.co/P2MuiLeTBM", "created_at"=>"2016-11-01T10:05:06Z", "user"=>"mcinerneylab", "user_name"=>"McInerney Lab", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/630470040370978816/kFZiIyxh_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"886836144779870209", "text"=>"Well this is weird.\nThe ciliate Oxytricha trifallax breaks its genome into thousands of fragments to reproduce. \nhttps://t.co/rxMrwpyiv5", "created_at"=>"2017-07-17T06:33:08Z", "user"=>"ingeneousmachin", "user_name"=>"Jake Parker", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/734926298523410432/mJTjkHn8_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"949994428025966598", "text"=>"@ewanbirney @aoifemcl on crazy complexity, totally blew my mind with this https://t.co/S1cTgaVnZs", "created_at"=>"2018-01-07T13:21:36Z", "user"=>"AdamRutherford", "user_name"=>"Dr Adam Rutherford", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/608384474292846592/6HNevMZN_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"950133830836355072", "text"=>"RT @AdamRutherford: @ewanbirney @aoifemcl on crazy complexity, totally blew my mind with this https://t.co/S1cTgaVnZs", "created_at"=>"2018-01-07T22:35:32Z", "user"=>"John_J_McGrath", "user_name"=>"John McGrath", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/758635681836957696/6g32hnVy_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"950277450814181376", "text"=>"RT @AdamRutherford: @ewanbirney @aoifemcl on crazy complexity, totally blew my mind with this https://t.co/S1cTgaVnZs", "created_at"=>"2018-01-08T08:06:14Z", "user"=>"PLOSBiology", "user_name"=>"PLOS Biology", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/2432741784/7kk4r2cpabm7u2lqf17y_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"950280244455460864", "text"=>"RT @AdamRutherford: @ewanbirney @aoifemcl on crazy complexity, totally blew my mind with this https://t.co/S1cTgaVnZs", "created_at"=>"2018-01-08T08:17:20Z", "user"=>"ProtistologyUK", "user_name"=>"ProtistologyUK", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/696791238855548928/RFMH1gsx_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"950311611285299205", "text"=>"RT @AdamRutherford: @ewanbirney @aoifemcl on crazy complexity, totally blew my mind with this https://t.co/S1cTgaVnZs", "created_at"=>"2018-01-08T10:21:58Z", "user"=>"libematus", "user_name"=>"Felipe Sep?lveda", "user_profile_image"=>"http://abs.twimg.com/sticky/default_profile_images/default_profile_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"950324739330916352", "text"=>"RT @AdamRutherford: @ewanbirney @aoifemcl on crazy complexity, totally blew my mind with this https://t.co/S1cTgaVnZs", "created_at"=>"2018-01-08T11:14:08Z", "user"=>"87Noctvrne", "user_name"=>"N???v??e87", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/855393325955792896/ujBnNGOV_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"950341818637434880", "text"=>"Nanobiotech taken to the extreme... https://t.co/puD4mgBHXQ", "created_at"=>"2018-01-08T12:22:00Z", "user"=>"sjwill99", "user_name"=>"Spencer Williams", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/865161771773943810/a42kQrIu_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"995563170755309568", "text"=>"https://t.co/6hyID3YMGn", "created_at"=>"2018-05-13T07:15:31Z", "user"=>"Yabahoobuh", "user_name"=>"Yabahoobuh", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/469937591953813508/ykzs6oMa_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"995870038342057984", "text"=>"????????????Oxytricha trifallax Macronuclear?1?6000?????????????????????? https://t.co/iTh5wXvw31", "created_at"=>"2018-05-14T03:34:54Z", "user"=>"WaiEnu2", "user_name"=>"?????", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/923505689263140870/0-f8pmlN_normal.jpg"}

Wikipedia | Further Information

• {"title"=>"Stichotrich", "url"=>"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stichotrich", "timestamp"=>"2019-02-07T19:55:30Z"}
• {"title"=>"Oxytricha trifallax", "url"=>"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxytricha_trifallax", "timestamp"=>"2019-01-07T18:22:50Z"}
• {"title"=>"Oxytricha", "url"=>"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxytricha", "timestamp"=>"2019-01-07T19:09:46Z"}
• {"title"=>"Somatic genome processing", "url"=>"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatic_genome_processing", "timestamp"=>"2018-10-13T14:06:17Z"}
• {"title"=>"List of organisms by chromosome count", "url"=>"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_organisms_by_chromosome_count", "timestamp"=>"2019-03-13T23:33:15Z"}
• {"title"=>"Stichotrichia", "url"=>"http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stichotrichia", "timestamp"=>"2017-09-05T21:43:17Z"}
• {"title"=>"Daftar organisme menurut jumlah kromosom", "url"=>"http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daftar_organisme_menurut_jumlah_kromosom", "timestamp"=>"2018-04-22T11:29:06Z"}
• {"title"=>"File:Oxytricha Ma genome - rus.jpg", "url"=>"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Oxytricha_Ma_genome_-_rus.jpg", "timestamp"=>"2017-07-06T19:54:44Z"}
• {"title"=>"File:Development of the Oxytricha macronuclear genome.jpg", "url"=>"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Development_of_the_Oxytricha_macronuclear_genome.jpg", "timestamp"=>"2017-07-06T19:54:10Z"}

Wordpress.com | Further Information

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• {"month"=>"10", "year"=>"2020", "pdf_views"=>"16", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"92"}
• {"month"=>"11", "year"=>"2020", "pdf_views"=>"31", "xml_views"=>"4", "html_views"=>"50"}
• {"month"=>"12", "year"=>"2020", "pdf_views"=>"18", "xml_views"=>"2", "html_views"=>"66"}
• {"month"=>"1", "year"=>"2021", "pdf_views"=>"12", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"43"}

Figshare

• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/498905"], "description"=>"<p>Representative nanochromosome features are not drawn to scale, but their lengths are indicated. UTR, untranslated region; UTS, untranscribed region. 3′ UTRs and the subtelomeric signal overlap. The subtelomeric base composition bias signal found on either end of the nanochromosome is shown above the nanochromosome diagram.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["protein-coding"], "article_id"=>169389, "categories"=>["Molecular Biology", "Genetics", "Microbiology"], "users"=>["Estienne C. Swart", "John R. Bracht", "Vincent Magrini", "Patrick Minx", "Xiao Chen", "Yi Zhou", "Jaspreet S. Khurana", "Aaron D. Goldman", "Mariusz Nowacki", "Klaas Schotanus", "Seolkyoung Jung", "Robert S. Fulton", "Amy Ly", "Sean McGrath", "Kevin Haub", "Jessica L. Wiggins", "Donna Storton", "John C. Matese", "Lance Parsons", "Wei-Jen Chang", "Michael S. Bowen", "Nicholas A. Stover", "Thomas A. Jones", "Sean R. Eddy", "Glenn A. Herrick", "Thomas G. Doak", "Richard K. Wilson", "Elaine R. Mardis", "Laura F. Landweber"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473.g003", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>1, "page_views"=>12, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Key_features_of_Oxytricha_protein_coding_nanochromosomes_/169389", "title"=>"Key features of <i>Oxytricha</i> protein-coding nanochromosomes.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2013-01-29 02:36:29"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/499448"], "description"=>"<p>The shortest nanochromosome isoforms produced from single (directional) alternative fragmentation sites are labeled as “Short isoform.” The histograms show normalized frequencies for 1,587 alternatively fragmented nanochromosomes and 15,219 nonalternatively fragmented nanochromosomes. Alternatively fragmented nanochromosomes have at least one strongly supported (≥10 Illumina reads) alternative fragmentation site >250 bp from either end of the nanochromosome (these nanochromosomes are >500 bp long).</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["distributions", "alternatively", "nonalternatively", "fragmented"], "article_id"=>169932, "categories"=>["Molecular Biology", "Genetics", "Microbiology"], "users"=>["Estienne C. Swart", "John R. Bracht", "Vincent Magrini", "Patrick Minx", "Xiao Chen", "Yi Zhou", "Jaspreet S. Khurana", "Aaron D. Goldman", "Mariusz Nowacki", "Klaas Schotanus", "Seolkyoung Jung", "Robert S. Fulton", "Amy Ly", "Sean McGrath", "Kevin Haub", "Jessica L. Wiggins", "Donna Storton", "John C. Matese", "Lance Parsons", "Wei-Jen Chang", "Michael S. Bowen", "Nicholas A. Stover", "Thomas A. Jones", "Sean R. Eddy", "Glenn A. Herrick", "Thomas G. Doak", "Richard K. Wilson", "Elaine R. Mardis", "Laura F. Landweber"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473.g008", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>6, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Length_distributions_of_alternatively_and_nonalternatively_fragmented_nanochromosomes_/169932", "title"=>"Length distributions of alternatively and nonalternatively fragmented nanochromosomes.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2013-01-29 02:45:32"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/499317"], "description"=>"<p>(A) Relative nanochromosome copy number distribution (number of telomere-less reads/bp of nonsubtelomeric nanochromosome; see <a href=\"http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473#s3\" target=\"_blank\">Materials and Methods</a>) for homozygous matchless, heterozygous matchless, and heterozygous matching nanochromosomes. The mean copy number of the combined homozygous matchless and heterozygous matchless nanochromosomes is indicated by a dashed line at 0.94, with dotted lines corresponding to an interval of ∼1.3σ (∼0.12 to 1.76) either side of the mean, which includes ∼90% of all nanochromosomes. (B) Relative nanochromosome copy number of nonalternatively fragmented (with a single, directional fragmentation site per nanochromosome) versus alternatively fragmented nanochromosomes measured by the number of telomeric reads per nanochromosome. (C) Relative nanochromosome copy number of nonalternatively fragmented chromosomes versus nonalternatively fragmented chromosomes encoding ribosomal proteins and tRNAs.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["genetics and genomics", "microbiology", "molecular biology"], "article_id"=>169801, "categories"=>["Molecular Biology", "Genetics", "Microbiology"], "users"=>["Estienne C. Swart", "John R. Bracht", "Vincent Magrini", "Patrick Minx", "Xiao Chen", "Yi Zhou", "Jaspreet S. Khurana", "Aaron D. Goldman", "Mariusz Nowacki", "Klaas Schotanus", "Seolkyoung Jung", "Robert S. Fulton", "Amy Ly", "Sean McGrath", "Kevin Haub", "Jessica L. Wiggins", "Donna Storton", "John C. Matese", "Lance Parsons", "Wei-Jen Chang", "Michael S. Bowen", "Nicholas A. Stover", "Thomas A. Jones", "Sean R. Eddy", "Glenn A. Herrick", "Thomas G. Doak", "Richard K. Wilson", "Elaine R. Mardis", "Laura F. Landweber"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473.g007", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>8, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Nanochromosome_copy_number_variation_/169801", "title"=>"Nanochromosome copy number variation.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2013-01-29 02:43:21"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/499822"], "description"=>"<p>The 2-telomere contigs have both 5′ (CCCCAAAACCCC; with degenerate bases—see <a href=\"http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473#s3\" target=\"_blank\">Materials and Methods</a>) and 3′ (GGGGTTTTGGGG; with degenerate bases) telomeric repeats. Note that 2-telomere contigs are mostly complete nanochromosomes but may also be alternatively fragmented nanochromosomes with one or more additional missing ends and that multitelomere contigs may be either alternatively fragmented nanochromosomes or nanochromosomes with internal telomere-like repeats. Raw read coverage is calculated from LAST (default parameters; version 159; contig telomeres were masked) matches (≥70 bp long and ≥90% identical) to the assemblies. Read coverage was calculated for the total high quality PE sequence data set and one of the three lanes of SE sequence data. Of the PE reads 13% were telomere bearing, as opposed to 4.7% of the SE reads.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["macronuclear", "genome"], "article_id"=>170307, "categories"=>["Molecular Biology", "Genetics", "Microbiology"], "users"=>["Estienne C. Swart", "John R. Bracht", "Vincent Magrini", "Patrick Minx", "Xiao Chen", "Yi Zhou", "Jaspreet S. Khurana", "Aaron D. Goldman", "Mariusz Nowacki", "Klaas Schotanus", "Seolkyoung Jung", "Robert S. Fulton", "Amy Ly", "Sean McGrath", "Kevin Haub", "Jessica L. Wiggins", "Donna Storton", "John C. Matese", "Lance Parsons", "Wei-Jen Chang", "Michael S. Bowen", "Nicholas A. Stover", "Thomas A. Jones", "Sean R. Eddy", "Glenn A. Herrick", "Thomas G. Doak", "Richard K. Wilson", "Elaine R. Mardis", "Laura F. Landweber"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473.t001", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>8, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Comparison_of_Oxytricha_macronuclear_genome_assemblies_/170307", "title"=>"Comparison of <i>Oxytricha</i> macronuclear genome assemblies.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>3, "published_date"=>"2013-01-29 00:05:07"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/499647"], "description"=>"<p>The phylogeny is an ML tree generated by PhyML <a href=\"http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473#pbio.1001473-Guindon1\" target=\"_blank\">[123]</a> with a single substitution rate category and the JTT substitution model, optimized for tree topology and branch length. Bootstrap percentages for 1,000 replicates are indicated at the tree nodes. The multiple sequence alignments underlying the phylogeny were produced with MAFFT (v 6.418b <a href=\"http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473#pbio.1001473-Katoh1\" target=\"_blank\">[124]</a>) (default parameters; BLOSUM 62 substitution matrix) and were trimmed with trimal1.2 <a href=\"http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473#pbio.1001473-CapellaGutierrez1\" target=\"_blank\">[125]</a> with the “-automated1” parameter to remove excess gaps and poorly aligned regions. GenBank accessions are provided for the taxa unless otherwise indicated. <i>Euplotes crassus</i> is indicated in blue (Q06184 and Q06183), and an additional match from our preliminary <i>Euplotes</i> genome assembly is EUP_contig393834_f1_1. <i>Perkinsus marinus</i> is purple (EER00428) and <i>Oxytricha nova</i> is light green (P29549). <i>Tetrahymena thermophila</i> (salmon color) accessions are from the <i>Tetrahymena</i> genome database <a href=\"http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473#pbio.1001473-Stover1\" target=\"_blank\">[126]</a>—TTHERM_00378980 and TTHERM_00378990; <i>Paramecium tetraurelia</i>'s TeBP-α protein (pink) is from ParameciumDB <a href=\"http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473#pbio.1001473-Arnaiz2\" target=\"_blank\">[127]</a> (GSPATP00001065001). All the nodes beginning with “Contig” are <i>Oxytricha trifallax</i> TeBP-α paralogs (dark green) and Contig22209.0.g66 is TeBP-α1, the original TeBP-α. The tree is rooted at the midpoint of the branch between <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> (Pot1a—AAX78213 and Pot1b—AAS99712) and <i>Homo sapiens</i> (Pot1—EAW83616; black) and the rest of the phylogeny. Gene expression levels are normalized RNA-seq counts (see <a href=\"http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473#pbio.1001473.s059\" target=\"_blank\">Text S1</a>; Supporting Materials and Methods) before (“fed”) and during conjugation (0–60 h) are shown for the <i>Oxytricha trifallax</i> TeBP-α paralogs; coding sequence lengths are also indicated (in bp) for each of these paralogs.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["end-binding", "paralogs"], "article_id"=>170127, "categories"=>["Molecular Biology", "Genetics", "Microbiology"], "users"=>["Estienne C. Swart", "John R. Bracht", "Vincent Magrini", "Patrick Minx", "Xiao Chen", "Yi Zhou", "Jaspreet S. Khurana", "Aaron D. Goldman", "Mariusz Nowacki", "Klaas Schotanus", "Seolkyoung Jung", "Robert S. Fulton", "Amy Ly", "Sean McGrath", "Kevin Haub", "Jessica L. Wiggins", "Donna Storton", "John C. Matese", "Lance Parsons", "Wei-Jen Chang", "Michael S. Bowen", "Nicholas A. Stover", "Thomas A. Jones", "Sean R. Eddy", "Glenn A. Herrick", "Thomas G. Doak", "Richard K. Wilson", "Elaine R. Mardis", "Laura F. Landweber"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473.g010", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>1, "page_views"=>25, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Telomere_end_binding_protein_945_paralogs_in_ciliates_/170127", "title"=>"Telomere end-binding protein-α paralogs in ciliates.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2013-01-29 00:02:07"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/499197"], "description"=>"<p>Contig14329.0 is shown with coordinates in bp. Predicted genes, coding sequences, and introns are indicated by horizontal green, yellow, and white arrows, respectively. 5′ and 3′ fragmentation sites predicted from telomeric read pairs are indicated by red and navy arrows, respectively, with upward pointing solid arrows for sites predicted by 454 telomeric reads and downward pointing dashed arrows for sites predicted by Illumina telomeric reads. Numbers above/below the arrows indicate the number of telomeric reads found at each site for the two telomeric read sources. Alternative nanochromosome isoforms predicted from the 454 telomeric reads (isoforms B–O) are shown below the main locus, with the number of supporting read pairs next to each form. One additional isoform missed by our prediction method but documented in the 454 telomeric read pairs is indicated in pale green. Since the two fragmentation positions at 3,762 and 3,806 bp are in close proximity to each other, they were treated as a single point during alternative isoform prediction. Additional nanochromosome isoforms that were not detected by 454-telomeric reads, including the full eight-gene nanochromosome, but were detected by Southern blotting are indicated by stars (isoforms A, P, Q, and R). Sequence coverage, indicated by the cyan graph, shows the cumulative DNA amplification for all the nanochromosome isoforms. Sequence coverage is calculated from both Illumina telomereless and telomeric reads; telomeric read pairs appear as twin peaks ∼300 bp apart.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["nanochromosomal"], "article_id"=>169680, "categories"=>["Molecular Biology", "Genetics", "Microbiology"], "users"=>["Estienne C. Swart", "John R. Bracht", "Vincent Magrini", "Patrick Minx", "Xiao Chen", "Yi Zhou", "Jaspreet S. Khurana", "Aaron D. Goldman", "Mariusz Nowacki", "Klaas Schotanus", "Seolkyoung Jung", "Robert S. Fulton", "Amy Ly", "Sean McGrath", "Kevin Haub", "Jessica L. Wiggins", "Donna Storton", "John C. Matese", "Lance Parsons", "Wei-Jen Chang", "Michael S. Bowen", "Nicholas A. Stover", "Thomas A. Jones", "Sean R. Eddy", "Glenn A. Herrick", "Thomas G. Doak", "Richard K. Wilson", "Elaine R. Mardis", "Laura F. Landweber"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473.g006", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>8, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Extreme_nanochromosomal_fragmentation_/169680", "title"=>"Extreme nanochromosomal fragmentation.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2013-01-29 02:41:20"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/499543"], "description"=>"<p>Proteins are shown with black lines with a scale in amino acids indicated above the longest protein. Protein names are to the left of the protein diagrams. Domain coordinates are the Pfam domain envelope coordinates. Representative domains are given their Pfam names, with transposase-like domains shown in bold. Gene expression levels are log₂[10,000×normalized RNA-seq counts (see <a href=\"http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473#pbio.1001473.s059\" target=\"_blank\">Text S1</a>; Supporting Materials and Methods) divided by CDS length (in bp)] before (“fed”) and during conjugation (0–60 h).</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["domains", "proteins"], "article_id"=>170030, "categories"=>["Molecular Biology", "Genetics", "Microbiology"], "users"=>["Estienne C. Swart", "John R. Bracht", "Vincent Magrini", "Patrick Minx", "Xiao Chen", "Yi Zhou", "Jaspreet S. Khurana", "Aaron D. Goldman", "Mariusz Nowacki", "Klaas Schotanus", "Seolkyoung Jung", "Robert S. Fulton", "Amy Ly", "Sean McGrath", "Kevin Haub", "Jessica L. Wiggins", "Donna Storton", "John C. Matese", "Lance Parsons", "Wei-Jen Chang", "Michael S. Bowen", "Nicholas A. Stover", "Thomas A. Jones", "Sean R. Eddy", "Glenn A. Herrick", "Thomas G. Doak", "Richard K. Wilson", "Elaine R. Mardis", "Laura F. Landweber"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473.g009", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>10, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Transposase_like_domains_of_proteins_found_in_Oxytricha_but_neither_Paramecium_nor_Tetrahymena_/170030", "title"=>"Transposase-like domains of proteins found in <i>Oxytricha</i> but neither <i>Paramecium</i> nor <i>Tetrahymena</i>.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2013-01-29 00:00:30"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/499758"], "description"=>"<p>Prediction features were obtained for complete nanochromosomes (14,388 in total) only. Gene lengths are from the start to stop codons and exclude UTRs. Up- and downstream regions were only determined for single-gene nanochromosomes and include the 5′ and 3′ UTRs. %GC estimates exclude telomeric bases.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["genetics and genomics", "microbiology", "molecular biology"], "article_id"=>170233, "categories"=>["Molecular Biology", "Genetics", "Microbiology"], "users"=>["Estienne C. Swart", "John R. Bracht", "Vincent Magrini", "Patrick Minx", "Xiao Chen", "Yi Zhou", "Jaspreet S. Khurana", "Aaron D. Goldman", "Mariusz Nowacki", "Klaas Schotanus", "Seolkyoung Jung", "Robert S. Fulton", "Amy Ly", "Sean McGrath", "Kevin Haub", "Jessica L. Wiggins", "Donna Storton", "John C. Matese", "Lance Parsons", "Wei-Jen Chang", "Michael S. Bowen", "Nicholas A. Stover", "Thomas A. Jones", "Sean R. Eddy", "Glenn A. Herrick", "Thomas G. Doak", "Richard K. Wilson", "Elaine R. Mardis", "Laura F. Landweber"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473.t002", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>4, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Properties_of_gene_predictions_/170233", "title"=>"Properties of gene predictions.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>3, "published_date"=>"2013-01-29 00:03:53"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/499001"], "description"=>"<p>The green histogram (left) corresponds to SNP heterozygosity estimated from mapped reads (see <a href=\"http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473#s3\" target=\"_blank\">Materials and Methods</a>) for “matchless” nanochromosomes (which have no non-self contig matches to the genome assembly) and includes homozygous nanochromosomes. The red histogram (right) corresponds to SNP heterozygosity estimated from mapped reads for “matched” nanochromosomes. The orange histogram (center) corresponds to SNP diversity assessed from pairwise alignments of matched nanochromosomes. The smallest bin is 0–0.005 (0%–0.5%) heterozygosity.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["snp"], "article_id"=>169482, "categories"=>["Molecular Biology", "Genetics", "Microbiology"], "users"=>["Estienne C. Swart", "John R. Bracht", "Vincent Magrini", "Patrick Minx", "Xiao Chen", "Yi Zhou", "Jaspreet S. Khurana", "Aaron D. Goldman", "Mariusz Nowacki", "Klaas Schotanus", "Seolkyoung Jung", "Robert S. Fulton", "Amy Ly", "Sean McGrath", "Kevin Haub", "Jessica L. Wiggins", "Donna Storton", "John C. Matese", "Lance Parsons", "Wei-Jen Chang", "Michael S. Bowen", "Nicholas A. Stover", "Thomas A. Jones", "Sean R. Eddy", "Glenn A. Herrick", "Thomas G. Doak", "Richard K. Wilson", "Elaine R. Mardis", "Laura F. Landweber"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473.g004", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>8, "page_views"=>6, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Nanochromosomal_SNP_heterozygosity_/169482", "title"=>"Nanochromosomal SNP heterozygosity.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2013-01-29 02:38:02"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/479521", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/479524", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/479527", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/479529", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/479532", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/479536", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/479537", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/479540", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/479543", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/479545", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/479549", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/479552", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/479554", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/479556", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/479557", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/479559", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/479562", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/479567", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/479569", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/479571", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/479573", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/479578", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/479581", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/479584", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/479585", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/479590", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/479594", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/479596", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/479599", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/479601", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/479603", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/479607", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/479609", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/479611", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/479614", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/479619", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/479623", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/479624", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/479627", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/479632", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/479634", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/479638", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/479641", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/479643", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/479646", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/479648", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/479650", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/479652", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/479654", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/479656", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/479657", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/479661", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/479664", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/479670", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/479671", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/479674", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/479675", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/479676", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/479679"], "description"=>"<div><p>The macronuclear genome of the ciliate <em>Oxytricha trifallax</em> displays an extreme and unique eukaryotic genome architecture with extensive genomic variation. During sexual genome development, the expressed, somatic macronuclear genome is whittled down to the genic portion of a small fraction (∼5%) of its precursor “silent” germline micronuclear genome by a process of “unscrambling” and fragmentation. The tiny macronuclear “nanochromosomes” typically encode single, protein-coding genes (a small portion, 10%, encode 2–8 genes), have minimal noncoding regions, and are differentially amplified to an average of ∼2,000 copies. We report the high-quality genome assembly of ∼16,000 complete nanochromosomes (∼50 Mb haploid genome size) that vary from 469 bp to 66 kb long (mean ∼3.2 kb) and encode ∼18,500 genes. Alternative DNA fragmentation processes ∼10% of the nanochromosomes into multiple isoforms that usually encode complete genes. Nucleotide diversity in the macronucleus is very high (SNP heterozygosity is ∼4.0%), suggesting that <em>Oxytricha trifallax</em> may have one of the largest known effective population sizes of eukaryotes. Comparison to other ciliates with nonscrambled genomes and long macronuclear chromosomes (on the order of 100 kb) suggests several candidate proteins that could be involved in genome rearrangement, including domesticated MULE and IS1595-like DDE transposases. The assembly of the highly fragmented <em>Oxytricha</em> macronuclear genome is the first completed genome with such an unusual architecture. This genome sequence provides tantalizing glimpses into novel molecular biology and evolution. For example, <em>Oxytricha</em> maintains tens of millions of telomeres per cell and has also evolved an intriguing expansion of telomere end-binding proteins. In conjunction with the micronuclear genome in progress, the <em>O. trifalla</em>x macronuclear genome will provide an invaluable resource for investigating programmed genome rearrangements, complementing studies of rearrangements arising during evolution and disease.</p> </div>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["macronuclear", "eukaryotic", "genome", "chromosomes"], "article_id"=>154807, "categories"=>["Molecular Biology", "Genetics", "Microbiology"], "users"=>["Estienne C. Swart", "John R. Bracht", "Vincent Magrini", "Patrick Minx", "Xiao Chen", "Yi Zhou", "Jaspreet S. Khurana", "Aaron D. Goldman", "Mariusz Nowacki", "Klaas Schotanus", "Seolkyoung Jung", "Robert S. Fulton", "Amy Ly", "Sean McGrath", "Kevin Haub", "Jessica L. Wiggins", "Donna Storton", "John C. Matese", "Lance Parsons", "Wei-Jen Chang", "Michael S. Bowen", "Nicholas A. Stover", "Thomas A. Jones", "Sean R. Eddy", "Glenn A. Herrick", "Thomas G. Doak", "Richard K. Wilson", "Elaine R. Mardis", "Laura F. Landweber"], "doi"=>["https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473.s001", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473.s002", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473.s003", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473.s004", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473.s005", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473.s006", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473.s007", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473.s008", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473.s009", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473.s010", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473.s011", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473.s012", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473.s013", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473.s014", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473.s015", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473.s016", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473.s017", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473.s018", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473.s019", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473.s020", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473.s021", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473.s022", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473.s023", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473.s024", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473.s025", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473.s026", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473.s027", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473.s028", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473.s029", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473.s030", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473.s031", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473.s032", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473.s033", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473.s034", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473.s035", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473.s036", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473.s037", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473.s038", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473.s039", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473.s040", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473.s041", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473.s042", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473.s043", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473.s044", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473.s045", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473.s046", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473.s047", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473.s048", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473.s049", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473.s050", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473.s051", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473.s052", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473.s053", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473.s054", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473.s055", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473.s056", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473.s057", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473.s058", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473.s059"], "stats"=>{"downloads"=>58, "page_views"=>75, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/The_Oxytricha_trifallax_Macronuclear_Genome_A_Complex_Eukaryotic_Genome_with_16_000_Tiny_Chromosomes__/154807", "title"=>"The <em>Oxytricha trifallax</em> Macronuclear Genome: A Complex Eukaryotic Genome with 16,000 Tiny Chromosomes", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>4, "published_date"=>"2013-01-29 01:20:07"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/498783"], "description"=>"<p>The phylogeny represents the bootstrap consensus of 100 replicates from PhyML (with the HKY85 substitution model) based on a MUSCLE multiple sequence alignment of 18S rRNA genes from seven ciliates (<i>Oxytricha trifallax</i>—FJ545743; <i>Stylonychia lemnae</i>—AJJRB310497; <i>Euplotes crassus</i>—AJJRB310492; <i>Nyctotherus ovalis</i>—AJ222678; <i>Tetrahymena thermophila</i>—M10932; <i>Ichthyophthirius multifiliis</i>—IMU17354; and <i>Paramecium tetraurelia</i>—AB252009) rooted with two other alveolates (<i>Perkinsus marinus</i>—X75762 and <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>—NC_004325). All bootstrap values are ≥80, except for the node between <i>Nyctotherus</i> and <i>Oxytricha</i>/<i>Stylonychia</i>/<i>Euplotes</i>, which has a boostrap value of 60. <i>Euplotes</i> and <i>Nyctotherus</i> both have nanochromosomes, like <i>Oxytricha</i>. Other than the genome statistics for <i>Oxytricha trifallax</i>, which were determined in this study, table statistics were obtained from the following sources: ^a - <a href=\"http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473#pbio.1001473-Prescott1\" target=\"_blank\">[2]</a>, ^b - <a href=\"http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473#pbio.1001473-Duerr1\" target=\"_blank\">[22]</a>,<a href=\"http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473#pbio.1001473-Lipps1\" target=\"_blank\">[116]</a>, ^c - <a href=\"http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473#pbio.1001473-Nock1\" target=\"_blank\">[117]</a>, ^d - <a href=\"http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473#pbio.1001473-Bender1\" target=\"_blank\">[99]</a>, ^e - <a href=\"http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473#pbio.1001473-Ricard1\" target=\"_blank\">[94]</a>, ^f - <a href=\"http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473#pbio.1001473-Eisen1\" target=\"_blank\">[56]</a> (the number of chromosomes is an estimate), ^g -<a href=\"http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473#pbio.1001473-Coyne3\" target=\"_blank\">[118]</a>, ^h - <a href=\"http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473#pbio.1001473-White1\" target=\"_blank\">[119]</a>, ⁱ - <a href=\"http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473#pbio.1001473-Austerberry1\" target=\"_blank\">[120]</a>, ^j- <a href=\"http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473#pbio.1001473-Coyne2\" target=\"_blank\">[64]</a> (for a single stage of the <i>Ichthyophthirius</i> life cycle), ^k - <a href=\"http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473#pbio.1001473-Aury1\" target=\"_blank\">[121]</a>, ^l - <a href=\"http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473#pbio.1001473-Duret1\" target=\"_blank\">[69]</a>, ^m - <a href=\"http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473#pbio.1001473-Gardner1\" target=\"_blank\">[122]</a>. Table statistics for <i>Perkinsus marinus</i> are for the current assembly deposited in GenBank (GCA_000006405.1).</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["ciliate", "macronuclear"], "article_id"=>169267, "categories"=>["Molecular Biology", "Genetics", "Microbiology"], "users"=>["Estienne C. Swart", "John R. Bracht", "Vincent Magrini", "Patrick Minx", "Xiao Chen", "Yi Zhou", "Jaspreet S. Khurana", "Aaron D. Goldman", "Mariusz Nowacki", "Klaas Schotanus", "Seolkyoung Jung", "Robert S. Fulton", "Amy Ly", "Sean McGrath", "Kevin Haub", "Jessica L. Wiggins", "Donna Storton", "John C. Matese", "Lance Parsons", "Wei-Jen Chang", "Michael S. Bowen", "Nicholas A. Stover", "Thomas A. Jones", "Sean R. Eddy", "Glenn A. Herrick", "Thomas G. Doak", "Richard K. Wilson", "Elaine R. Mardis", "Laura F. Landweber"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473.g002", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>5, "page_views"=>41, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Comparison_of_key_ciliate_macronuclear_genomes_/169267", "title"=>"Comparison of key ciliate macronuclear genomes.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2013-01-29 02:34:27"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/499081"], "description"=>"<p>(A) Normalized to form a probability density (cumulative frequency of 1) and (B) unnormalized median nanochromosomal variant frequencies for six increasing ranges of mean SNP heterozygosity. Variant frequencies were determined for nanochromosomes with no non-self matches to the genome assembly (the same nanochromosomes underlying the SNP heterozygosity histogram for “matchless” nanochromosomes in <a href=\"http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473#pbio-1001473-g004\" target=\"_blank\">Figure 4</a>), with variant positions called at the same minimum variant frequency as that used to determine potentially heterozygous sites (5% for sites with ≥20× read coverage). To exclude potentially paralogous mapped reads, we only analyzed nanochromosomes with ≤4 reads mapped to other contigs (using all nanochromosomes does not substantially change the form of the distributions). Variant frequency bins are labeled by their lower bounds. Variant frequencies ≥40 bp from either nanochromosome end were counted to avoid possible incorrect variant calling resulting from telomeric bases that were not masked (due to sequencing errors).</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["variant"], "article_id"=>169572, "categories"=>["Molecular Biology", "Genetics", "Microbiology"], "users"=>["Estienne C. Swart", "John R. Bracht", "Vincent Magrini", "Patrick Minx", "Xiao Chen", "Yi Zhou", "Jaspreet S. Khurana", "Aaron D. Goldman", "Mariusz Nowacki", "Klaas Schotanus", "Seolkyoung Jung", "Robert S. Fulton", "Amy Ly", "Sean McGrath", "Kevin Haub", "Jessica L. Wiggins", "Donna Storton", "John C. Matese", "Lance Parsons", "Wei-Jen Chang", "Michael S. Bowen", "Nicholas A. Stover", "Thomas A. Jones", "Sean R. Eddy", "Glenn A. Herrick", "Thomas G. Doak", "Richard K. Wilson", "Elaine R. Mardis", "Laura F. Landweber"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473.g005", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>20, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Nanochromosomal_variant_frequencies_/169572", "title"=>"Nanochromosomal variant frequencies.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2013-01-29 02:39:32"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/498678"], "description"=>"<p>During conjugation of <i>Oxytricha</i> cells, segments of the micronuclear genome (MDSs) are excised and stitched together to form the nanochromosomes of the new macronuclear genome, and the remainder of the micronuclear genome is eliminated (including the IESs interspersed between MDSs). The old macronuclear genome is also degraded during development. The segments that are stitched together may be either in order (e.g., forming nanochromosome 1, on the left) or out of order or inverted (e.g., forming the two forms of nanochromosome 2), in which case they need to be “unscrambled.” Two rounds of DNA amplification produce nanochromosomes at an average copy number of ∼1,900 <a href=\"http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473#pbio.1001473-Prescott1\" target=\"_blank\">[2]</a>. Alternative fragmentation of DNA during nanochromosome development may also occur, irrespective of unscrambling, giving rise to longer (2a) and shorter (2b) nanochromosome isoforms. The mature nanochromosomes are capped on both ends with telomeres.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["macronuclear", "genome", "micronuclear"], "article_id"=>169153, "categories"=>["Molecular Biology", "Genetics", "Microbiology"], "users"=>["Estienne C. Swart", "John R. Bracht", "Vincent Magrini", "Patrick Minx", "Xiao Chen", "Yi Zhou", "Jaspreet S. Khurana", "Aaron D. Goldman", "Mariusz Nowacki", "Klaas Schotanus", "Seolkyoung Jung", "Robert S. Fulton", "Amy Ly", "Sean McGrath", "Kevin Haub", "Jessica L. Wiggins", "Donna Storton", "John C. Matese", "Lance Parsons", "Wei-Jen Chang", "Michael S. Bowen", "Nicholas A. Stover", "Thomas A. Jones", "Sean R. Eddy", "Glenn A. Herrick", "Thomas G. Doak", "Richard K. Wilson", "Elaine R. Mardis", "Laura F. Landweber"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473.g001", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>8, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Development_of_the_Oxytricha_macronuclear_genome_from_the_micronuclear_genome_/169153", "title"=>"Development of the <i>Oxytricha</i> macronuclear genome from the micronuclear genome.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2013-01-29 02:32:33"}

PMC Usage Stats | Further Information

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Relative Metric

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F1000Prime