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{"title"=>"Five Years of Experimental Warming Increases the Biodiversity and Productivity of Phytoplankton", "type"=>"journal", "authors"=>[{"first_name"=>"Gabriel", "last_name"=>"Yvon-Durocher", "scopus_author_id"=>"15844582700"}, {"first_name"=>"Andrew P.", "last_name"=>"Allen", "scopus_author_id"=>"7402802295"}, {"first_name"=>"Maria", "last_name"=>"Cellamare", "scopus_author_id"=>"26535594400"}, {"first_name"=>"Matteo", "last_name"=>"Dossena", "scopus_author_id"=>"55256536100"}, {"first_name"=>"Kevin J.", "last_name"=>"Gaston", "scopus_author_id"=>"56582665400"}, {"first_name"=>"Maria", "last_name"=>"Leitao", "scopus_author_id"=>"7005996994"}, {"first_name"=>"José M.", "last_name"=>"Montoya", "scopus_author_id"=>"7101654812"}, {"first_name"=>"Daniel C.", "last_name"=>"Reuman", "scopus_author_id"=>"6603661153"}, {"first_name"=>"Guy", "last_name"=>"Woodward", "scopus_author_id"=>"7006291221"}, {"first_name"=>"Mark", "last_name"=>"Trimmer", "scopus_author_id"=>"6701661408"}], "year"=>2015, "source"=>"PLoS Biology", "identifiers"=>{"sgr"=>"84953255821", "pmid"=>"26680314", "pui"=>"607461870", "isbn"=>"1545-7885 (Electronic)\r1544-9173 (Linking)", "scopus"=>"2-s2.0-84953255821", "doi"=>"10.1371/journal.pbio.1002324", "issn"=>"15457885"}, "id"=>"65fa2723-2f3d-3ae4-b480-a638ec2bcc98", "abstract"=>"Phytoplankton are key components of aquatic ecosystems, fixing CO2 from the atmosphere through photosynthesis and supporting secondary production, yet relatively little is known about how future global warming might alter their biodiversity and associated ecosystem functioning. Here, we explore how the structure, function, and biodiversity of a planktonic metacommunity was altered after five years of experimental warming. Our outdoor mesocosm experiment was open to natural dispersal from the regional species pool, allowing us to explore the effects of experimental warming in the context of metacommunity dynamics. Warming of 4°C led to a 67% increase in the species richness of the phytoplankton, more evenly-distributed abundance, and higher rates of gross primary productivity. Warming elevated productivity indirectly, by increasing the biodiversity and biomass of the local phytoplankton communities. Warming also systematically shifted the taxonomic and functional trait composition of the phytoplankton, favoring large, colonial, inedible phytoplankton taxa, suggesting stronger top-down control, mediated by zooplankton grazing played an important role. Overall, our findings suggest that temperature can modulate species coexistence, and through such mechanisms, global warming could, in some cases, increase the species richness and productivity of phytoplankton communities.", "link"=>"http://www.mendeley.com/research/five-years-experimental-warming-increases-biodiversity-productivity-phytoplankton", "reader_count"=>112, "reader_count_by_academic_status"=>{"Unspecified"=>4, "Professor > Associate Professor"=>6, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>7, "Researcher"=>26, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>28, "Student > Postgraduate"=>6, "Student > Master"=>18, "Other"=>3, "Student > Bachelor"=>9, "Lecturer"=>1, "Lecturer > Senior Lecturer"=>1, "Professor"=>3}, "reader_count_by_user_role"=>{"Unspecified"=>4, "Professor > Associate Professor"=>6, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>7, "Researcher"=>26, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>28, "Student > Postgraduate"=>6, "Student > Master"=>18, "Other"=>3, "Student > Bachelor"=>9, "Lecturer"=>1, "Lecturer > Senior Lecturer"=>1, "Professor"=>3}, "reader_count_by_subject_area"=>{"Unspecified"=>8, "Engineering"=>1, "Environmental Science"=>40, "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>1, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>56, "Medicine and Dentistry"=>1, "Immunology and Microbiology"=>2, "Earth and Planetary Sciences"=>3}, "reader_count_by_subdiscipline"=>{"Engineering"=>{"Engineering"=>1}, "Medicine and Dentistry"=>{"Medicine and Dentistry"=>1}, "Immunology and Microbiology"=>{"Immunology and Microbiology"=>2}, "Earth and Planetary Sciences"=>{"Earth and Planetary Sciences"=>3}, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>{"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>56}, "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>{"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>1}, "Unspecified"=>{"Unspecified"=>8}, "Environmental Science"=>{"Environmental Science"=>40}}, "reader_count_by_country"=>{"Netherlands"=>1, "Belgium"=>1, "United States"=>2, "Philippines"=>1, "Japan"=>1, "Poland"=>1, "Brazil"=>1, "Denmark"=>1, "United Kingdom"=>3, "Switzerland"=>2, "Germany"=>1}, "group_count"=>2}

ORCID

CrossRef

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PubMed Central

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Article Coverage Curated

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• {"type"=>"COMMENT", "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/annotation/8a624d1e-45e6-4ba0-8c91-79f2165f2787", "title"=>"what was the temperature?", "body"=>"I think that an important information is missing in this paper: the basal temperature of the ponds.\nI suspect that warming could have different effects on phytoplancton according to the basal temperature. That is,. the effect of increasing temperature from 10° to 15°, like it probably happened (on average) in this UK-based study; might be different from the effect of increasing temperature from 20° to 25°C, as global warming is expected to do in several countries.\nCould the Authors provide actual temperatures?", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2016-01-13T17:33:50Z", "lastModified"=>"2016-01-13T17:33:50Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"535254"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>false}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002324", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSBiology"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSBiology", "eIssn"=>"1545-7885", "title"=>"PLOS Biology"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>1, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2016-01-13T20:08:13Z", "replies"=>[{"type"=>"REPLY", "parentID"=>87986, "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/reply/bf56aaaf-d6fe-4a3a-be15-24f1cc822add", "title"=>"RE: what was the temperature?", "body"=>"Please see S1 Fig for the seasonal cycle of water temperature and the associated legend for the annual means. They are: ambient = 13.4°C, warmed = 17.7°C. ", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2016-01-13T20:08:13Z", "lastModified"=>"2016-01-13T20:08:13Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"535300"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>false}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002324", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSBiology"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSBiology", "eIssn"=>"1545-7885", "title"=>"PLOS Biology"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>0, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2016-01-13T20:08:13Z", "replies"=>[]}]}

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• {"id"=>"677606651256578049", "text"=>"At least phytoplankton will be happy when global warming hits https://t.co/YduyHif7K1", "created_at"=>"2015-12-17T21:49:49Z", "user"=>"ciaranmcfarlane", "user_name"=>"ciaran mcfarlane", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/144976710/Ciaran_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"677643404726181888", "text"=>"Five Years of Experimental Warming Increases the Biodiversity and Productivity of Phytoplankton https://t.co/M73YTkrPd6 #feedly", "created_at"=>"2015-12-18T00:15:52Z", "user"=>"kztakemoto", "user_name"=>"Kazuhiro Takemoto", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1805366005/twitter_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"677860498470256640", "text"=>"What do humans and phytoplankton have in common? We both like global warming\nhttps://t.co/Gt0o9592aT https://t.co/sWFyE2ujVY", "created_at"=>"2015-12-18T14:38:31Z", "user"=>"AZComendador", "user_name"=>"AZComendador", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/565826433767858176/jHXs9ZC0_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"677946114620956673", "text"=>"Five Years of Experimental Warming Increases the Biodiversity and Productivity of Phytoplankton https://t.co/q0qfO9BPYx", "created_at"=>"2015-12-18T20:18:44Z", "user"=>"BiologyLinks", "user_name"=>"Biology Today", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/674296110169505792/0-ohv3QB_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"678928129000235008", "text"=>"Seen this @SteveThackeray? Experimental warming increases #phytoplankton #biodiversity & productivity https://t.co/VbfAMDKhCj #climatechange", "created_at"=>"2015-12-21T13:20:54Z", "user"=>"ProfJGrey", "user_name"=>"Jonathan Grey", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1870363644/Methane_net_profile_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"678928585961381889", "text"=>"RT @ProfJGrey: Seen this @SteveThackeray? Experimental warming increases #phytoplankton #biodiversity & productivity https://t.co/VbfAMDKhC…", "created_at"=>"2015-12-21T13:22:43Z", "user"=>"PLOSBiology", "user_name"=>"PLOS Biology", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/2432741784/7kk4r2cpabm7u2lqf17y_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"678984693291831298", "text"=>"#PLOS Biology: Five Years of Experimental Warming Increases the Biodiversity and Productivity of Phytoplankton https://t.co/yIVatL33s1", "created_at"=>"2015-12-21T17:05:40Z", "user"=>"geschichtenpost", "user_name"=>"Oliver Bothe ⋆ᘟ◡ुᘟ⋆", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/617640384232034304/3ng8tFdy_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"678985651052658688", "text"=>"RT @geschichtenpost: #PLOS Biology: Five Years of Experimental Warming Increases the Biodiversity and Productivity of Phytoplankton https:/…", "created_at"=>"2015-12-21T17:09:28Z", "user"=>"PLOSBiology", "user_name"=>"PLOS Biology", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/2432741784/7kk4r2cpabm7u2lqf17y_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"678986322971787264", "text"=>"RT @geschichtenpost: #PLOS Biology: Five Years of Experimental Warming Increases the Biodiversity and Productivity of Phytoplankton https:/…", "created_at"=>"2015-12-21T17:12:09Z", "user"=>"Aisha12895124", "user_name"=>"Aisha", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/486493971594489856/ayrqxkjE_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"678989920409661440", "text"=>"RT @geschichtenpost: #PLOS Biology: Five Years of Experimental Warming Increases the Biodiversity and Productivity of Phytoplankton https:/…", "created_at"=>"2015-12-21T17:26:26Z", "user"=>"DrYannMoalic", "user_name"=>"Yann Moalic", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/623966887181950976/lJkY7Z_p_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"679004311549005824", "text"=>"RT @geschichtenpost: #PLOS Biology: Five Years of Experimental Warming Increases the Biodiversity and Productivity of Phytoplankton https:/…", "created_at"=>"2015-12-21T18:23:37Z", "user"=>"CAPenniman", "user_name"=>"Clayton Penniman", "user_profile_image"=>"http://abs.twimg.com/sticky/default_profile_images/default_profile_5_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"679013608622301184", "text"=>"RT @geschichtenpost: #PLOS Biology: Five Years of Experimental Warming Increases the Biodiversity and Productivity of Phytoplankton https:/…", "created_at"=>"2015-12-21T19:00:34Z", "user"=>"JrzyShark", "user_name"=>"Leann Winn", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/610429124717465600/O1OGAoRY_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"679047461470609408", "text"=>"RT @ProfJGrey: Seen this @SteveThackeray? Experimental warming increases #phytoplankton #biodiversity & productivity https://t.co/VbfAMDKhC…", "created_at"=>"2015-12-21T21:15:05Z", "user"=>"ProfColinBean", "user_name"=>"Colin Bean", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1735497822/Arctic_charr_jpeg_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"679071011145289728", "text"=>"https://t.co/edi3FziPk5 Hmmmm interesting", "created_at"=>"2015-12-21T22:48:40Z", "user"=>"HUSO2341_AL_Moo", "user_name"=>"Anne Louise Moore", "user_profile_image"=>"http://abs.twimg.com/sticky/default_profile_images/default_profile_1_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"679320317014220800", "text"=>"RT @ProfJGrey: Seen this @SteveThackeray? Experimental warming increases #phytoplankton #biodiversity & productivity https://t.co/VbfAMDKhC…", "created_at"=>"2015-12-22T15:19:19Z", "user"=>"tannahhs32", "user_name"=>"Tanna Nocar", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/644145542277283840/gIav6Dek_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"679332318868324352", "text"=>"RT @ProfJGrey: Seen this @SteveThackeray? Experimental warming increases #phytoplankton #biodiversity & productivity https://t.co/VbfAMDKhC…", "created_at"=>"2015-12-22T16:07:00Z", "user"=>"josettehsm87", "user_name"=>"josette shedrick", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/644061195943682048/nre6_1pU_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"679578241242415104", "text"=>"Le réchauffement climatique et ses effets bénéfiques sur le plancton https://t.co/ho81AQa8yP", "created_at"=>"2015-12-23T08:24:13Z", "user"=>"SBurtey", "user_name"=>"Stéphane Burtey", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/664837058662440961/D7i9w7vl_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"681036737376735232", "text"=>"How does 5 Years of experimental warming effect the diversity of phytoplankton communities? #climatechange \nhttps://t.co/iiw6id2udQ", "created_at"=>"2015-12-27T08:59:45Z", "user"=>"EvattChirgwin", "user_name"=>"Evatt Chirgwin", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/667293501642534913/rOvNrgOn_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"681045123744964609", "text"=>"How does 5 Years of experimental warming affect the diversity of phytoplankton communities? #climatechange \nhttps://t.co/iiw6id2udQ …", "created_at"=>"2015-12-27T09:33:05Z", "user"=>"EvattChirgwin", "user_name"=>"Evatt Chirgwin", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/667293501642534913/rOvNrgOn_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"681221108339609600", "text"=>"RT @EvattChirgwin: How does 5 Years of experimental warming affect the diversity of phytoplankton communities? #climatechange \nhttps://t.co…", "created_at"=>"2015-12-27T21:12:23Z", "user"=>"manojkamalanath", "user_name"=>"manoj", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/647689955859296256/LFEaCqFB_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"684267233111977984", "text"=>"Temperature matters: Five Years of Experimental Warming Increases the Biodiversity and Productivity of Phytoplankton https://t.co/kYxCxsAKYy", "created_at"=>"2016-01-05T06:56:36Z", "user"=>"DrMoriartyY", "user_name"=>"Moriaki Yasuhara", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/3750187730/5451b4592c5992ba59baac4e46487d4e_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"684647701787602944", "text"=>"RT @DrMoriartyY: Temperature matters: Five Years of Experimental Warming Increases the Biodiversity and Productivity of Phytoplankton https…", "created_at"=>"2016-01-06T08:08:26Z", "user"=>"TawnaGildon", "user_name"=>"Tawna Gildon", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/634356264068362240/KsZcIwT2_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"684950518699958272", "text"=>"RT @EvattChirgwin: How does 5 Years of experimental warming affect the diversity of phytoplankton communities? #climatechange \nhttps://t.co…", "created_at"=>"2016-01-07T04:11:44Z", "user"=>"cld9731", "user_name"=>"Charles Ditzel", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/74655786/screenshot_02_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"685002429595783168", "text"=>"RT @EvattChirgwin: How does 5 Years of experimental warming affect the diversity of phytoplankton communities? #climatechange \nhttps://t.co…", "created_at"=>"2016-01-07T07:38:00Z", "user"=>"PLOSBiology", "user_name"=>"PLOS Biology", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/2432741784/7kk4r2cpabm7u2lqf17y_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"685027143089283072", "text"=>"RT @EvattChirgwin: How does 5 Years of experimental warming affect the diversity of phytoplankton communities? #climatechange \nhttps://t.co…", "created_at"=>"2016-01-07T09:16:12Z", "user"=>"Plants_PCU_UCT", "user_name"=>"Plant Conservation", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/572394040809635840/mhLTOAQ3_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"689578236976730113", "text"=>"Paper: Five Years of Experimental Warming Increases the Biodiversity and Productivity of Phytoplankton https://t.co/2KtcVIwbLJ", "created_at"=>"2016-01-19T22:40:38Z", "user"=>"UofEHL", "user_name"=>"Haynes Lab", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/378800000368962313/a224f2019a272eb7f03584490fbdb821_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"689585375417909248", "text"=>"RT @UofEHL: Paper: Five Years of Experimental Warming Increases the Biodiversity and Productivity of Phytoplankton https://t.co/2KtcVIwbLJ", "created_at"=>"2016-01-19T23:09:00Z", "user"=>"PLOSBiology", "user_name"=>"PLOS Biology", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/2432741784/7kk4r2cpabm7u2lqf17y_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"689586417987670016", "text"=>"RT @UofEHL: Paper: Five Years of Experimental Warming Increases the Biodiversity and Productivity of Phytoplankton https://t.co/2KtcVIwbLJ", "created_at"=>"2016-01-19T23:13:08Z", "user"=>"CAPenniman", "user_name"=>"Clayton Penniman", "user_profile_image"=>"http://abs.twimg.com/sticky/default_profile_images/default_profile_5_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"689587333318983680", "text"=>"RT @UofEHL: Paper: Five Years of Experimental Warming Increases the Biodiversity and Productivity of Phytoplankton https://t.co/2KtcVIwbLJ", "created_at"=>"2016-01-19T23:16:46Z", "user"=>"cambtweetzoo", "user_name"=>"Cambridge Zoology", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/683015851122028544/gqk_LpPl_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"689588418767097856", "text"=>"RT @UofEHL: Paper: Five Years of Experimental Warming Increases the Biodiversity and Productivity of Phytoplankton https://t.co/2KtcVIwbLJ", "created_at"=>"2016-01-19T23:21:05Z", "user"=>"MayersJosh", "user_name"=>"Josh Mayers", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/2319850922/l2f8m1kcptamromhu6yb_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"689589170793226240", "text"=>"RT @UofEHL: Paper: Five Years of Experimental Warming Increases the Biodiversity and Productivity of Phytoplankton https://t.co/2KtcVIwbLJ", "created_at"=>"2016-01-19T23:24:04Z", "user"=>"FlowJag", "user_name"=>"Jag-STAT", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/616313057535500288/DxRXDJ-S_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"689621555001872384", "text"=>"RT @UofEHL: Paper: Five Years of Experimental Warming Increases the Biodiversity and Productivity of Phytoplankton https://t.co/2KtcVIwbLJ", "created_at"=>"2016-01-20T01:32:45Z", "user"=>"SurgeonRetina", "user_name"=>"Rajesh Rao MD", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/634748087462948865/2_74aT9z_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"693133211333967872", "text"=>"RT @BiologyLinks: Five Years of Experimental Warming Increases the Biodiversity and Productivity of Phytoplankton https://t.co/q0qfO9BPYx", "created_at"=>"2016-01-29T18:06:50Z", "user"=>"kizzyfdi35", "user_name"=>"kizzy servello", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/644065769173684224/Dccb-ep5_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"706792739472609280", "text"=>"RT @PLOSBiology: 5-yr mesocosm expt shows plankton thrive in warmer seas #PLOSBiology https://t.co/ni3rcJb1ov https://t.co/ygae9AtNqB https…", "created_at"=>"2016-03-07T10:44:55Z", "user"=>"epdjgil1952", "user_name"=>"elena pavel", "user_profile_image"=>"http://abs.twimg.com/sticky/default_profile_images/default_profile_2_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"882888006448726016", "text"=>"@UN @WMO Warming increases biodiversity,\nand inversely cold decreases biodiversity. \n\nhttps://t.co/0tNynlgzYa", "created_at"=>"2017-07-06T09:04:38Z", "user"=>"aeonomaly", "user_name"=>"Brandon Furr", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/880680064068857856/0QMd4AQT_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"882896398114590720", "text"=>"RT @aeonomaly: @UN @WMO Warming increases biodiversity,\nand inversely cold decreases biodiversity. \n\nhttps://t.co/0tNynlgzYa", "created_at"=>"2017-07-06T09:37:59Z", "user"=>"PLOSBiology", "user_name"=>"PLOS Biology", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/2432741784/7kk4r2cpabm7u2lqf17y_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"905799150700285953", "text"=>"@benmkraemer Nice work. Seen this? https://t.co/D8bqGmGHPz", "created_at"=>"2017-09-07T14:25:21Z", "user"=>"GabYvonDurocher", "user_name"=>"Gab Yvon-Durocher", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/743398698508488704/mxVzFxVk_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"905851454539354112", "text"=>"RT @GabYvonDurocher: @benmkraemer Nice work. Seen this? https://t.co/D8bqGmGHPz", "created_at"=>"2017-09-07T17:53:11Z", "user"=>"PLOSBiology", "user_name"=>"PLOS Biology", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/2432741784/7kk4r2cpabm7u2lqf17y_normal.jpeg"}

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Figshare

• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/2610725", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/2610726", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/2610727", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/2610728", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/2610729", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/2610730", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/2610731", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/2610732", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/2610733", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/2610734", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/2610735", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/2610736", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/2610737", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/2610738", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/2610739", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/2610740", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/2610741", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/2610742"], "description"=>"<div><p>Phytoplankton are key components of aquatic ecosystems, fixing CO₂ from the atmosphere through photosynthesis and supporting secondary production, yet relatively little is known about how future global warming might alter their biodiversity and associated ecosystem functioning. Here, we explore how the structure, function, and biodiversity of a planktonic metacommunity was altered after five years of experimental warming. Our outdoor mesocosm experiment was open to natural dispersal from the regional species pool, allowing us to explore the effects of experimental warming in the context of metacommunity dynamics. Warming of 4°C led to a 67% increase in the species richness of the phytoplankton, more evenly-distributed abundance, and higher rates of gross primary productivity. Warming elevated productivity indirectly, by increasing the biodiversity and biomass of the local phytoplankton communities. Warming also systematically shifted the taxonomic and functional trait composition of the phytoplankton, favoring large, colonial, inedible phytoplankton taxa, suggesting stronger top-down control, mediated by zooplankton grazing played an important role. Overall, our findings suggest that temperature can modulate species coexistence, and through such mechanisms, global warming could, in some cases, increase the species richness and productivity of phytoplankton communities.</p></div>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["phytoplankton communities", "warming", "co", "Species richness", "biodiversity", "productivity", "ecosystem", "phytoplankton", "metacommunity"], "article_id"=>1626274, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences", "Ecology"], "users"=>["Gabriel Yvon-Durocher", "Andrew P. Allen", "Maria Cellamare", "Matteo Dossena", "Kevin J. Gaston", "Maria Leitao", "José M. Montoya", "Daniel C. Reuman", "Guy Woodward", "Mark Trimmer"], "doi"=>["https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002324.s001", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002324.s002", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002324.s003", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002324.s004", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002324.s005", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002324.s006", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002324.s007", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002324.s008", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002324.s009", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002324.s010", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002324.s011", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002324.s012", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002324.s013", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002324.s014", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002324.s015", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002324.s016", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002324.s017", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002324.s018"], "stats"=>{"downloads"=>20, "page_views"=>9, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Five_Years_of_Experimental_Warming_Increases_the_Biodiversity_and_Productivity_of_Phytoplankton_/1626274", "title"=>"Five Years of Experimental Warming Increases the Biodiversity and Productivity of Phytoplankton", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>4, "published_date"=>"2015-12-18 11:22:03"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/2610717"], "description"=>"<p>Analyses reveal that (<b>a</b>) local taxon richness, (<b>b</b>) the Shannon-Diversity Index, and (<b>c</b>) total biomass were significantly elevated on average over the year in the warmed treatments. On the contrary, annual levels of (<b>d</b>) total abundance did not differ significantly between treatments (see also <a href=\"http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002324#pbio.1002324.s013\" target=\"_blank\">S1 Table</a>). Different colors are used to represent warmed (red) and ambient (black) treatments. Tops and bottoms of boxes in box-whisker plots correspond to the 25th and 75th percentiles, horizontal white lines correspond to medians, and whisker extents correspond to 1.5 x the interquartile range. The data underlying these analyses can be found in <a href=\"http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002324#pbio.1002324.s001\" target=\"_blank\">S1 Data</a>.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["phytoplankton communities", "warming", "co", "Species richness", "biodiversity", "productivity", "ecosystem", "phytoplankton", "metacommunity"], "article_id"=>1626266, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences", "Ecology"], "users"=>["Gabriel Yvon-Durocher", "Andrew P. Allen", "Maria Cellamare", "Matteo Dossena", "Kevin J. Gaston", "Maria Leitao", "José M. Montoya", "Daniel C. Reuman", "Guy Woodward", "Mark Trimmer"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002324.g001", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>1, "page_views"=>16, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Effects_of_warming_on_phytoplankton_biodiversity_/1626266", "title"=>"Effects of warming on phytoplankton biodiversity.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2015-12-18 11:22:03"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/2610718"], "description"=>"<p>(<b>a</b>) Rank-abundance curves for each pond on each of the seven sampling occasions for the ambient (black) and heated (red) treatments. Fitted lines represent maximum likelihood fits of the Poisson-lognormal distribution, the parameters of which are given in (<b>b)</b> standard deviation of abundance, σ and (<b>c)</b> mean log-abundance, μ. The parameter estimates of σ were significantly lower in the warmed treatments (see <a href=\"http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002324#pbio.1002324.s013\" target=\"_blank\">S1 Table</a>), though estimates of μ were not significantly different between warmed and ambient treatments (see <a href=\"http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002324#pbio.1002324.s013\" target=\"_blank\">S1 Table</a>). Tops and bottoms of boxes in box-whisker plots correspond to the 25th and 75th percentiles, horizontal white lines correspond to medians, and whisker extents correspond to 1.5 x the interquartile range. The data underlying these analyses can be found in <a href=\"http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002324#pbio.1002324.s001\" target=\"_blank\">S1 Data</a>.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["phytoplankton communities", "warming", "co", "Species richness", "biodiversity", "productivity", "ecosystem", "phytoplankton", "metacommunity"], "article_id"=>1626267, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences", "Ecology"], "users"=>["Gabriel Yvon-Durocher", "Andrew P. Allen", "Maria Cellamare", "Matteo Dossena", "Kevin J. Gaston", "Maria Leitao", "José M. Montoya", "Daniel C. Reuman", "Guy Woodward", "Mark Trimmer"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002324.g002", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>12, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Effects_of_warming_on_the_species_abundance_distributions_of_the_phytoplankton_communities_/1626267", "title"=>"Effects of warming on the species abundance distributions of the phytoplankton communities.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2015-12-18 11:22:03"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/2610719"], "description"=>"<p>(<b>a</b>) NMDS ordination of the phytoplankton communities for each mesocosm. Polygons outline the warmed and ambient treatments, where red circles represent the NMDS scores for each warmed mesocosm, while black circles correspond to the ambient mesocosms. The four taxa most strongly associated with each of the treatments (Warmed: <i>Anabaena constricta</i>, <i>Closterium venus</i>, <i>Spirogyra</i> sp., <i>Chlamydocapsa</i> cf., Ambient: <i>Chromulina</i> sp., <i>Tetraedron caudatum</i>, <i>Chlorella</i> spp., <i>Chlamydomonas</i> sp.) are highlighted by the grey rings. The ordination demonstrates a clear separation between the warmed and ambient treatments. (<b>b</b>) Box whisker plot of rescaled Raup-Crick metrics (β_RC), which vary from −1 (communities more similar than expected by chance) to 1 (communities more dissimilar than expected by chance) and quantify the relative roles of stochastic and deterministic factors in driving community assembly. β_RC values were predominantly < 0 for pairwise comparisons among ambient ponds (black), warmed ponds (red), and between ambient:warmed (grey) contrasts, suggesting deterministic mechanisms played a dominant role in community assembly across the experiment. Tops and bottoms of boxes in box-whisker plots correspond to the 25th and 75th percentiles, horizontal white lines correspond to medians, and whisker extents correspond to 1.5 x the interquartile range. The data underlying these analyses can be found in <a href=\"http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002324#pbio.1002324.s001\" target=\"_blank\">S1 Data</a>.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["phytoplankton communities", "warming", "co", "Species richness", "biodiversity", "productivity", "ecosystem", "phytoplankton", "metacommunity"], "article_id"=>1626268, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences", "Ecology"], "users"=>["Gabriel Yvon-Durocher", "Andrew P. Allen", "Maria Cellamare", "Matteo Dossena", "Kevin J. Gaston", "Maria Leitao", "José M. Montoya", "Daniel C. Reuman", "Guy Woodward", "Mark Trimmer"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002324.g003", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>18, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Effects_of_warming_on_the_taxonomic_structure_of_the_phytoplankton_/1626268", "title"=>"Effects of warming on the taxonomic structure of the phytoplankton.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2015-12-18 11:22:02"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/2610720"], "description"=>"<p>(<b>a</b>) Frequency distributions of (based on counts) body mass in the plankton communities in each of the 16 mesocosms pooled over the seven sampling occasions (numbers correspond to mesocosm IDs). (<b>b</b>) The mean log₁₀ body mass of the phytoplankton was significantly higher in the warmed treatments (<a href=\"http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002324#pbio.1002324.s013\" target=\"_blank\">S1 Table</a>). (<b>c</b>) In contrast, mean log₁₀ body mass of the zooplankton did not differ between treatments (<a href=\"http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002324#pbio.1002324.s013\" target=\"_blank\">S1 Table</a>). Tops and bottoms of boxes in box-whisker plots correspond to the 25th and 75th percentiles, horizontal white lines correspond to medians, and whisker extents correspond to 1.5 x the interquartile range. The data underlying these analyses can be found in <a href=\"http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002324#pbio.1002324.s001\" target=\"_blank\">S1 Data</a>.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["phytoplankton communities", "warming", "co", "Species richness", "biodiversity", "productivity", "ecosystem", "phytoplankton", "metacommunity"], "article_id"=>1626269, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences", "Ecology"], "users"=>["Gabriel Yvon-Durocher", "Andrew P. Allen", "Maria Cellamare", "Matteo Dossena", "Kevin J. Gaston", "Maria Leitao", "José M. Montoya", "Daniel C. Reuman", "Guy Woodward", "Mark Trimmer"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002324.g004", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>1, "page_views"=>13, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Effects_of_warming_on_the_body_mass_distributions_of_the_phytoplankton_and_zooplankton_/1626269", "title"=>"Effects of warming on the body mass distributions of the phytoplankton and zooplankton.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2015-12-18 11:22:03"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/2610721"], "description"=>"<p>(<b>a</b>) Total biomass of the zooplankton communities, estimated for each mesocosm, on each of the seven sampling months, was not significantly different between the warmed and ambient treatments (<a href=\"http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002324#pbio.1002324.s013\" target=\"_blank\">S1 Table</a>). (<b>b</b>) Consistent with that observed in the whole community, biomass estimates of cladocerans and copepods were also statistically indistinguishable between treatments (<a href=\"http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002324#pbio.1002324.s013\" target=\"_blank\">S1 Table</a>). Tops and bottoms of boxes in box-whisker plots correspond to the 25th and 75th percentiles, horizontal white lines correspond to medians, and whisker extents correspond to 1.5 x the interquartile range. The data underlying these analyses can be found in <a href=\"http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002324#pbio.1002324.s001\" target=\"_blank\">S1 Data</a>.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["phytoplankton communities", "warming", "co", "Species richness", "biodiversity", "productivity", "ecosystem", "phytoplankton", "metacommunity"], "article_id"=>1626270, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences", "Ecology"], "users"=>["Gabriel Yvon-Durocher", "Andrew P. Allen", "Maria Cellamare", "Matteo Dossena", "Kevin J. Gaston", "Maria Leitao", "José M. Montoya", "Daniel C. Reuman", "Guy Woodward", "Mark Trimmer"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002324.g005", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>1, "page_views"=>14, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Effects_of_warming_on_the_biomass_and_body_mass_of_zooplankton_/1626270", "title"=>"Effects of warming on the biomass and body mass of zooplankton.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2015-12-18 11:22:01"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/2610722"], "description"=>"<p>(<b>a</b>) Box whisker plot of rates of CR and GPP by treatment, where tops and bottoms of boxes correspond to the 25th and 75th percentiles, horizontal white lines correspond to medians, and whisker extents correspond to 1.5 x the interquartile range. Analyses demonstrate that rates of CR did not differ between treatments, while rates of GPP were significantly elevated (see <a href=\"http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002324#pbio.1002324.s013\" target=\"_blank\">S1 Table</a>). (<b>b</b>) Results of the best-fitting path model (see <a href=\"http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002324#pbio.1002324.s014\" target=\"_blank\">S2 Table</a> for model selection). Arrow widths are proportional to standardized path coefficients, which are given adjacent to the arrows. Path coefficients are standardized on the observed range and represent the percentage change in the range of the response as the predictor increases across its range. R² values are displayed below endogenous variables (i.e., variables with paths leading to them). Variable codes are as follows: Std Temp (standardized temperature), Prich (phytoplankton taxon richness), Pbio (phytoplankton biomass), GPP, CR, Zbio (zooplankton biomass). The data underlying these analyses can be found in <a href=\"http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002324#pbio.1002324.s001\" target=\"_blank\">S1 Data</a>.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["phytoplankton communities", "warming", "co", "Species richness", "biodiversity", "productivity", "ecosystem", "phytoplankton", "metacommunity"], "article_id"=>1626271, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences", "Ecology"], "users"=>["Gabriel Yvon-Durocher", "Andrew P. Allen", "Maria Cellamare", "Matteo Dossena", "Kevin J. Gaston", "Maria Leitao", "José M. Montoya", "Daniel C. Reuman", "Guy Woodward", "Mark Trimmer"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002324.g006", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>7, "page_views"=>20, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Effects_of_temperature_and_plankton_community_structure_on_ecosystem_functioning_/1626271", "title"=>"Effects of temperature and plankton community structure on ecosystem functioning.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2015-12-18 11:22:02"}

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• {"unique-ip"=>"3", "full-text"=>"3", "pdf"=>"1", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2018", "month"=>"5"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"5", "full-text"=>"5", "pdf"=>"1", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2018", "month"=>"6"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"6", "full-text"=>"6", "pdf"=>"2", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2018", "month"=>"4"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"6", "full-text"=>"2", "pdf"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"4", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2018", "month"=>"7"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"3", "full-text"=>"3", "pdf"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"1", "year"=>"2018", "month"=>"8"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"10", "full-text"=>"11", "pdf"=>"3", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2018", "month"=>"9"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"10", "full-text"=>"9", "pdf"=>"3", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2018", "month"=>"10"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"14", "full-text"=>"14", "pdf"=>"3", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"6", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2018", "month"=>"11"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"7", "full-text"=>"7", "pdf"=>"1", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2018", "month"=>"12"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"9", "full-text"=>"4", "pdf"=>"1", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"5", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2019", "month"=>"2"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"3", "full-text"=>"4", "pdf"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2019", "month"=>"3"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"7", "full-text"=>"10", "pdf"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2019", "month"=>"4"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"5", "full-text"=>"5", "pdf"=>"1", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2019", "month"=>"5"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"8", "full-text"=>"3", "pdf"=>"6", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2019", "month"=>"8"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"9", "full-text"=>"11", "pdf"=>"3", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2019", "month"=>"9"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"5", "full-text"=>"4", "pdf"=>"1", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"5", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2019", "month"=>"10"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"12", "full-text"=>"7", "pdf"=>"8", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2019", "month"=>"12"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"5", "full-text"=>"4", "pdf"=>"1", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2020", "month"=>"2"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"5", "full-text"=>"4", "pdf"=>"2", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2020", "month"=>"3"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"7", "full-text"=>"7", "pdf"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"1", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2020", "month"=>"4"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"4", "full-text"=>"2", "pdf"=>"2", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2020", "month"=>"5"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"10", "full-text"=>"9", "pdf"=>"2", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2020", "month"=>"6"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"5", "full-text"=>"3", "pdf"=>"2", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"12", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2020", "month"=>"7"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"5", "full-text"=>"4", "pdf"=>"1", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2020", "month"=>"8"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"12", "full-text"=>"13", "pdf"=>"1", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2020", "month"=>"9"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"14", "full-text"=>"15", "pdf"=>"4", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"12", "supp-data"=>"18", "cited-by"=>"1", "year"=>"2020", "month"=>"10"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"8", "full-text"=>"8", "pdf"=>"2", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2020", "month"=>"11"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"8", "full-text"=>"7", "pdf"=>"3", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2020", "month"=>"12"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"5", "full-text"=>"9", "pdf"=>"3", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2021", "month"=>"1"}

Relative Metric

{"start_date"=>"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z", "end_date"=>"2015-12-31T00:00:00Z", "subject_areas"=>[]}

F1000Prime