CiteULike | Further Information

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Mendeley | Further Information

{"title"=>"Accurate path integration in continuous attractor network models of grid cells", "type"=>"journal", "authors"=>[{"first_name"=>"Yoram", "last_name"=>"Burak", "scopus_author_id"=>"14619138200"}, {"first_name"=>"Ila R.", "last_name"=>"Fiete", "scopus_author_id"=>"6506808472"}], "year"=>2009, "source"=>"PLoS Computational Biology", "identifiers"=>{"pui"=>"354253449", "arxiv"=>"0811.1826", "issn"=>"1553734X", "isbn"=>"1553-7358 (Electronic)\\n1553-734X (Linking)", "doi"=>"10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000291", "scopus"=>"2-s2.0-61449268067", "pmid"=>"19229307", "sgr"=>"61449268067"}, "id"=>"6797c723-bb98-3439-ae36-06f49790b0f8", "abstract"=>"Grid cells in the rat entorhinal cortex display strikingly regular firing responses to the animal's position in 2-D space and have been hypothesized to form the neural substrate for dead-reckoning. However, errors accumulate rapidly when velocity inputs are integrated in existing models of grid cell activity. To produce grid-cell-like responses, these models would require frequent resets triggered by external sensory cues. Such inadequacies, shared by various models, cast doubt on the dead-reckoning potential of the grid cell system. Here we focus on the question of accurate path integration, specifically in continuous attractor models of grid cell activity. We show, in contrast to previous models, that continuous attractor models can generate regular triangular grid responses, based on inputs that encode only the rat's velocity and heading direction. We consider the role of the network boundary in the integration performance of the network and show that both periodic and aperiodic networks are capable of accurate path integration, despite important differences in their attractor manifolds. We quantify the rate at which errors in the velocity integration accumulate as a function of network size and intrinsic noise within the network. With a plausible range of parameters and the inclusion of spike variability, our model networks can accurately integrate velocity inputs over a maximum of approximately 10-100 meters and approximately 1-10 minutes. These findings form a proof-of-concept that continuous attractor dynamics may underlie velocity integration in the dorsolateral medial entorhinal cortex. The simulations also generate pertinent upper bounds on the accuracy of integration that may be achieved by continuous attractor dynamics in the grid cell network. We suggest experiments to test the continuous attractor model and differentiate it from models in which single cells establish their responses independently of each other.", "link"=>"http://www.mendeley.com/research/accurate-path-integration-continuous-attractor-network-models-grid-cells", "reader_count"=>369, "reader_count_by_academic_status"=>{"Unspecified"=>12, "Professor > Associate Professor"=>12, "Librarian"=>1, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>12, "Researcher"=>71, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>123, "Student > Postgraduate"=>18, "Student > Master"=>48, "Other"=>8, "Student > Bachelor"=>36, "Lecturer"=>1, "Lecturer > Senior Lecturer"=>4, "Professor"=>22}, "reader_count_by_user_role"=>{"Unspecified"=>12, "Professor > Associate Professor"=>12, "Librarian"=>1, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>12, "Researcher"=>71, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>123, "Student > Postgraduate"=>18, "Student > Master"=>48, "Other"=>8, "Student > Bachelor"=>36, "Lecturer"=>1, "Lecturer > Senior Lecturer"=>4, "Professor"=>22}, "reader_count_by_subject_area"=>{"Unspecified"=>19, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>142, "Philosophy"=>2, "Arts and Humanities"=>2, "Business, Management and Accounting"=>1, "Computer Science"=>32, "Decision Sciences"=>1, "Economics, Econometrics and Finance"=>1, "Engineering"=>18, "Environmental Science"=>1, "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>4, "Mathematics"=>12, "Medicine and Dentistry"=>16, "Neuroscience"=>64, "Sports and Recreations"=>1, "Physics and Astronomy"=>32, "Psychology"=>17, "Social Sciences"=>2, "Linguistics"=>1}, "reader_count_by_subdiscipline"=>{"Medicine and Dentistry"=>{"Medicine and Dentistry"=>16}, "Social Sciences"=>{"Social Sciences"=>2}, "Decision Sciences"=>{"Decision Sciences"=>1}, "Sports and Recreations"=>{"Sports and Recreations"=>1}, "Physics and Astronomy"=>{"Physics and Astronomy"=>32}, "Psychology"=>{"Psychology"=>17}, "Mathematics"=>{"Mathematics"=>12}, "Unspecified"=>{"Unspecified"=>19}, "Environmental Science"=>{"Environmental Science"=>1}, "Arts and Humanities"=>{"Arts and Humanities"=>2}, "Engineering"=>{"Engineering"=>18}, "Neuroscience"=>{"Neuroscience"=>64}, "Economics, Econometrics and Finance"=>{"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"=>1}, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>{"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>142}, "Computer Science"=>{"Computer Science"=>32}, "Business, Management and Accounting"=>{"Business, Management and Accounting"=>1}, "Linguistics"=>{"Linguistics"=>1}, "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>{"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>4}, "Philosophy"=>{"Philosophy"=>2}}, "reader_count_by_country"=>{"United States"=>19, "United Kingdom"=>10, "Kenya"=>1, "Switzerland"=>2, "India"=>1, "Canada"=>1, "Netherlands"=>3, "Austria"=>1, "Norway"=>4, "Finland"=>1, "Italy"=>3, "France"=>4, "Chile"=>1, "Germany"=>4}, "group_count"=>15}

ORCID

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• {"domain"=>"self.neuro", "banned_by"=>nil, "media_embed"=>{}, "subreddit"=>"neuro", "selftext_html"=>"<!-- SC_OFF --><div class=\"md\"><p>This seems worth writing about, just because Nature seems to be telling us this stuff is important. </p>\n\n<p>Grid cells were discovered in the entorhinal cortex in 2005 by the Moser group, communicated in the paper "Microstructure of a spatial map in the entorhinal cortex". Much like place cells, grid cells fire when an animal is physically occupying a certain part of a room, only rather than only firing in a single place, the cells seem to respond to a triangular lattice "grid" of spaces.</p>\n\n<p><a href=\"http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v436/n7052/abs/nature03721.html\">http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v436/n7052/abs/nature03721.html</a></p>\n\n<p>Here's a non-paywalled link: <a href=\"https://www.princeton.edu/%7Enjclub/2007-06-27_papers/Hafting+etal_2005.pdf\">https://www.princeton.edu/~njclub/2007-06-27_papers/Hafting+etal_2005.pdf</a></p>\n\n<p>It's an open theoretical question about how these kinds of non-intrinsic maps of space are formed. The fundamental issue seems to be the idea of internal integration of velocity information. Two main theoretical models have since arisen to try and explain this phenomena. I don't have a good citation on theta oscillation models of grid cells, but the <strong><em>continuous attractor model</em></strong> of grid cells starts with a 2009 PLOS Computational Biology paper (open access!) from Burak and Fiete "Accurate Path Integration in Continuous Attractor Network Models of Grid Cells".</p>\n\n<p><a href=\"http://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pcbi.1000291\">http://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pcbi.1000291</a></p>\n\n<p>More recent work from Sreenivasan and Fiete has suggested that the grid cell networks might be extraordinarily error resistant in "Grid cells generate an analog error-correcting code for singularly precise neural computation"</p>\n\n<p><a href=\"http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v14/n10/full/nn.2901.html\">http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v14/n10/full/nn.2901.html</a></p>\n\n<p>NP: <a href=\"https://clm.utexas.edu/fietelab/Papers/nn.2901.pdf\">https://clm.utexas.edu/fietelab/Papers/nn.2901.pdf</a></p>\n\n<p>Now for the recent results. 3 papers published in the most recent issue of Nature Neuroscience, and 1 in the most recent issue of Nature. </p>\n\n<p>First up, the Mosers have two results. The first seems to be that entorhinal cortex, despite being considered upstream of the hippocampus in most circuit diagrams, seems to depend on recurrent hippocampal input in order to form its grid structure. A reversible lesion of hippocampus seems to knock out the receptive field structure of these entorhinal cells. The Burak and Fiete model predicts that a sea of mostly uniform, slightly head-direction tuned input is enough to form grid structure, so the authors hypothesize that hippocampus might be the source of this nonspecific input.</p>\n\n<p>"Grid cells require excitatory drive from the hippocampus"\n<a href=\"http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v16/n3/full/nn.3311.html\">http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v16/n3/full/nn.3311.html</a></p>\n\n<p>Second, from the same lab, <em>in vitro</em> slice work appears to show that layer 2 spiny stellate cells (but not the giant pyramidal cells of layer 2) in entorhinal cortex seem to show a largely recurrent inhibitory network, with no excitatory connections. This confirms yet another prediction of the Burak and Fiete model - that grid cells arise out of a purely inhibitory "Mexican Hat" connectivity profile.</p>\n\n<p>"Recurrent inhibitory circuitry as a mechanism for grid formation"\n<a href=\"http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v16/n3/full/nn.3310.html\">http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v16/n3/full/nn.3310.html</a></p>\n\n<p>Two more papers have done a very impressive job of patch-clamping neurons <em>in vivo</em> with a rodent walking around a virtual track. The first is work out of Michael Hausser's group, and the second is work out of David Tank's group. Both show similar results: that it is slow fluctuations in membrane potential, rather than peaks in the membrane potential theta oscillation envelope, that seem to bring about tuned spiking in grid cells.</p>\n\n<p>"Cellular mechanisms of spatial navigation in the medial entorhinal cortex"\n<a href=\"http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v16/n3/full/nn.3340.html\">http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v16/n3/full/nn.3340.html</a></p>\n\n<p>"Membrane potential dynamics of grid cells"\n<a href=\"http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v495/n7440/full/nature11973.html\">http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v495/n7440/full/nature11973.html</a></p>\n\n<p>This seems to be the first real support for the idea of an attractor model in vivo, an exciting theoretical idea that has, until now, had little to no support from hard experimental data.</p>\n</div><!-- SC_ON -->", "selftext"=>"This seems worth writing about, just because Nature seems to be telling us this stuff is important. \n\nGrid cells were discovered in the entorhinal cortex in 2005 by the Moser group, communicated in the paper \"Microstructure of a spatial map in the entorhinal cortex\". Much like place cells, grid cells fire when an animal is physically occupying a certain part of a room, only rather than only firing in a single place, the cells seem to respond to a triangular lattice \"grid\" of spaces.\n\nhttp://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v436/n7052/abs/nature03721.html\n\nHere's a non-paywalled link: https://www.princeton.edu/~njclub/2007-06-27_papers/Hafting+etal_2005.pdf\n\n\nIt's an open theoretical question about how these kinds of non-intrinsic maps of space are formed. The fundamental issue seems to be the idea of internal integration of velocity information. Two main theoretical models have since arisen to try and explain this phenomena. I don't have a good citation on theta oscillation models of grid cells, but the ***continuous attractor model*** of grid cells starts with a 2009 PLOS Computational Biology paper (open access!) from Burak and Fiete \"Accurate Path Integration in Continuous Attractor Network Models of Grid Cells\".\n\nhttp://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pcbi.1000291\n\n\nMore recent work from Sreenivasan and Fiete has suggested that the grid cell networks might be extraordinarily error resistant in \"Grid cells generate an analog error-correcting code for singularly precise neural computation\"\n\nhttp://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v14/n10/full/nn.2901.html\n\nNP: https://clm.utexas.edu/fietelab/Papers/nn.2901.pdf\n\n\nNow for the recent results. 3 papers published in the most recent issue of Nature Neuroscience, and 1 in the most recent issue of Nature. \n\nFirst up, the Mosers have two results. The first seems to be that entorhinal cortex, despite being considered upstream of the hippocampus in most circuit diagrams, seems to depend on recurrent hippocampal input in order to form its grid structure. A reversible lesion of hippocampus seems to knock out the receptive field structure of these entorhinal cells. The Burak and Fiete model predicts that a sea of mostly uniform, slightly head-direction tuned input is enough to form grid structure, so the authors hypothesize that hippocampus might be the source of this nonspecific input.\n\n\"Grid cells require excitatory drive from the hippocampus\"\nhttp://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v16/n3/full/nn.3311.html\n\n\nSecond, from the same lab, *in vitro* slice work appears to show that layer 2 spiny stellate cells (but not the giant pyramidal cells of layer 2) in entorhinal cortex seem to show a largely recurrent inhibitory network, with no excitatory connections. This confirms yet another prediction of the Burak and Fiete model - that grid cells arise out of a purely inhibitory \"Mexican Hat\" connectivity profile.\n\n\"Recurrent inhibitory circuitry as a mechanism for grid formation\"\nhttp://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v16/n3/full/nn.3310.html\n\n\nTwo more papers have done a very impressive job of patch-clamping neurons *in vivo* with a rodent walking around a virtual track. The first is work out of Michael Hausser's group, and the second is work out of David Tank's group. Both show similar results: that it is slow fluctuations in membrane potential, rather than peaks in the membrane potential theta oscillation envelope, that seem to bring about tuned spiking in grid cells.\n\n\"Cellular mechanisms of spatial navigation in the medial entorhinal cortex\"\nhttp://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v16/n3/full/nn.3340.html\n\n\"Membrane potential dynamics of grid cells\"\nhttp://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v495/n7440/full/nature11973.html\n\n\nThis seems to be the first real support for the idea of an attractor model in vivo, an exciting theoretical idea that has, until now, had little to no support from hard experimental data.", "likes"=>nil, "suggested_sort"=>nil, "user_reports"=>[], "secure_media"=>nil, "link_flair_text"=>nil, "id"=>"1aetxo", "from_kind"=>nil, "gilded"=>0, "archived"=>true, "clicked"=>false, "report_reasons"=>nil, "author"=>"ly_yng", "media"=>nil, "score"=>67, "approved_by"=>nil, "over_18"=>false, "hidden"=>false, "num_comments"=>4, "thumbnail"=>"", "subreddit_id"=>"t5_2qu9b", "hide_score"=>false, "edited"=>false, "link_flair_css_class"=>nil, "author_flair_css_class"=>nil, "downs"=>0, "secure_media_embed"=>{}, "saved"=>false, "removal_reason"=>nil, "stickied"=>false, "from"=>nil, "is_self"=>true, "from_id"=>nil, "permalink"=>"/r/neuro/comments/1aetxo/a_flurry_of_new_papers_suggest_network_effects/?ref=search_posts", "locked"=>false, "name"=>"t3_1aetxo", "created"=>1363476286.0, "url"=>"https://www.reddit.com:80/r/neuro/comments/1aetxo/a_flurry_of_new_papers_suggest_network_effects/", "author_flair_text"=>nil, "quarantine"=>false, "title"=>"A flurry of new papers suggest network effects, not theta oscillations, are the source of grid cell structure.", "created_utc"=>1363447486.0, "distinguished"=>nil, "mod_reports"=>[], "visited"=>false, "num_reports"=>nil, "ups"=>67}

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• {"title"=>"Grid cell", "url"=>"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_cell", "timestamp"=>"2019-03-14T20:06:09Z"}
• {"title"=>"Motion perception", "url"=>"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion_perception", "timestamp"=>"2019-02-20T12:26:24Z"}
• {"title"=>"Cellule de grille", "url"=>"http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellule_de_grille", "timestamp"=>"2016-11-13T21:22:13Z"}
• {"title"=>"Grid-нейрон", "url"=>"http://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-нейрон", "timestamp"=>"2019-01-09T17:03:51Z"}
• {"title"=>"ادراک حرکت", "url"=>"http://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/ادراک_حرکت", "timestamp"=>"2019-02-03T12:22:44Z"}

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Figshare

• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/907272"], "description"=>"<p>(A) Pattern formation in the neural population: Left, schematic depiction of\n the outgoing weights of a neuron in the network. All neurons have the same\n connectivity pattern, and the width of the inhibitory surround is\n parameterized in our model by (see <a href=\"http://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000291#s4\" target=\"_blank\"><i>Methods</i></a>). Center, circularly symmetric center-surround connectivity, with\n sufficiently strong local inhibitory flanks, produces a regular triangular\n lattice population pattern in the neural sheet through spontaneous\n destabilization of the uniform mode (Turing instability). Right, the pattern\n period depends on the width of the inhibitory surround. (B) The velocity\n shift mechanism by which velocity inputs drive pattern flow: Each neuron in\n the sheet is assigned a preferred angle (color coded), which means two\n things. First, the outgoing weight profile, instead of being centered\n exactly on the originating neuron, is shifted by a small amount along the\n preferred angle in the neural sheet (left). Each patch in the neural sheet\n contains neurons with all preferred angles. Second, the direction preference\n means that the neuron receives input from head direction cells tuned to the\n corresponding angle (center and right). (C) Snapshots of the population\n activity, when the networks (periodic boundaries, above; aperiodic\n boundaries, below) are driven by a constant velocity input in the rightward\n direction. In the periodic network, as the pattern flows, it wraps around\n the opposite edge. In the aperiodic network, as the pattern flows, blobs\n move away from the left edge and new ones spontaneously form through the\n same dynamics that govern pattern formation. (Boundaries are considered in\n more detail in the paper and in later figures.) The green lines represent an\n electrode at a fixed location in the neural sheet, and the circle above them\n represents the activity state of the targeted neuron\n (gray = inactive,\n yellow = active). Network parameters are as\n in <a href=\"http://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000291#pcbi-1000291-g002\" target=\"_blank\">Figure 2A–C</a>\n and <a href=\"http://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000291#pcbi-1000291-g002\" target=\"_blank\">Figure\n 2D–F</a>.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["neuroscience", "neuroscience/animal cognition", "neuroscience/theoretical neuroscience"], "article_id"=>577729, "categories"=>["Neuroscience"], "users"=>["Yoram Burak", "Ila R. Fiete"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000291.g001", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>1, "page_views"=>3, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Network_architecture_and_response_/577729", "title"=>"Network architecture and response.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2009-02-20 02:08:49"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/907495"], "description"=>"<p>(A) Periodic network manifold: Points within the trough represent stable\n states of the network that will persist in the absence of perturbing\n inputs. If the network is placed at a state outside the trough, it will\n rapidly decay to a state within the trough. Points in the trough consist\n of continuous translations of the population-level pattern. Rotations,\n stretches, or other local or global deformations of the pattern lie\n outside the trough. Rat velocity inputs drive transitions between points\n in the trough (red arrow). (B) Aperiodic network manifold: all rotations\n of a stable population pattern are energetically equivalent, and so form\n a continuous attractor manifold. Translations are not equivalent\n (rippled energy functional). Rat velocity inputs, when large enough to\n overcome the ripple, drive translations of the population pattern;\n however, the flat rotational mode means that the network can also\n rotate.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["attractor"], "article_id"=>577955, "categories"=>["Neuroscience"], "users"=>["Yoram Burak", "Ila R. Fiete"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000291.g004", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>4, "page_views"=>8, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_The_continuous_attractor_manifold_/577955", "title"=>"The continuous attractor manifold.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2009-02-20 02:12:35"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/907595"], "description"=>"<p>Orange (blue) curves are the results of simulations in (a)periodic\n networks. Successively darker shades (of orange or blue) represent\n simulations with successively higher neural variability (, , , and 1, respectively). Identical colors across\n panels represent simulations with identical network parameters.\n Velocity inputs are zero everywhere, and network size is , except where stated otherwise. (A) Phase drift\n and (B) angular drift of the periodic (orange,\n CV = 1) and aperiodic (blue, ) networks. In (A), the drift in cm corresponds to\n a measured drift in neurons by assuming the same gain factor as in\n the simulations with a trajectory, as in <a href=\"http://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000291#pcbi-1000291-g005\" target=\"_blank\">Figure 5</a>. (C) The summed square\n 2-d drift in position estimation as a function of elapsed time, for\n two different values of CV, in the absence of velocity inputs. The\n squared drift (small open circles) can be fit to straight lines\n (dashed) over 25 seconds (for longer times the traces deviate from\n the linear fit due to the finite time of the simulation), indicating\n that the process is diffusive. The slope of the line yields the\n diffusion constant for phase (translational) drift of the population\n pattern, in units of neurons ²/s. The same fitting\n procedure applied to the squared angular drift as a function of time\n yields the angular diffusion constant . (D) Diffusion constants measured as in (C), for\n networks of varying size and CV. The diffusion constant is\n approximately linear in CV², and in the number of neurons . To demonstrate the linearity in , the plots show multiplied by , upon which the data for and approximately collapse onto a single curve. (E) An\n estimate of the time over which a periodic spiking network (with the\n same parameters as the corresponding points in (C) and (D)) can\n maintain a coherent grid cell response, plotted as a function of N,\n for two values of neural stochasticity. The estimate is based on\n taking the diffusion relationship , and solving for the time when the average\n displacement is 10 pixels, about half the population period,\n and estimating the diffusion constants from (D) to be\n <i>ND</i>≃2500 neurons²/s. The\n coherence time scales like , where is the period of the population pattern. (F)\n Rotational diffusivity, , in an aperiodic network of size 128×128\n also increases linearly with CV². The diffusion constant\n was measured from simulations lasting 20 minutes.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["induced", "neural", "the", "velocity"], "article_id"=>578053, "categories"=>["Neuroscience"], "users"=>["Yoram Burak", "Ila R. Fiete"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000291.g006", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>1, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Quantification_of_drift_induced_by_neural_stochasticity_in_the_____absence_of_velocity_inputs_/578053", "title"=>"Quantification of drift induced by neural stochasticity, in the\n absence of velocity inputs.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2009-02-20 02:14:13"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/907435"], "description"=>"<p>(A–C) Same simulation as in <a href=\"http://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000291#pcbi-1000291-g002\" target=\"_blank\">Figure 2D–F</a>, but with a\n sharper input profile (red curve above B). The SN pattern has no\n periodicity (A), the integration error is large (thick line in (C),\n upper plot; note the different scale compared to <a href=\"http://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000291#pcbi-1000291-g002\" target=\"_blank\">Figure 2E</a>, whose\n error is represented by the thin line), and the population response\n rotates frequently ((C), lower plot). (D1–D3) Network\n velocity response as a function of different input profiles: Input\n profile decay is least abrupt in (D1), more abrupt in (D2), and most\n abrupt in (D3) ( for (D1), (D2), and (D3), respectively; network\n size is 128 neurons per side() for all). (D4) The input profile at the\n boundaries is identical to D2 (), but the network is larger (256 neurons per side\n or ). (D2) corresponds to the parameters in\n (A–C), and (D1) corresponds to the parameters in <a href=\"http://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000291#pcbi-1000291-g002\" target=\"_blank\">Figure\n 2D–F</a>.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["conditions", "fidelity", "of"], "article_id"=>577894, "categories"=>["Neuroscience"], "users"=>["Yoram Burak", "Ila R. Fiete"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000291.g003", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>2, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Boundary_conditions_and_network_size_strongly_affect_fidelity_of_____network_response_/577894", "title"=>"Boundary conditions and network size strongly affect fidelity of\n network response.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2009-02-20 02:11:34"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/907658"], "description"=>"<p>Green lines represent the same fixed electrode locations in the\n neural population, across all plots. (A) Left: Single-neuron\n response. Right: Input head direction/velocity tuning curves, and an\n instantaneous snapshot of the underlying population response, which\n together produced the SN response on the left. (B) The SN grid\n (left) expands along one direction when the amplitude of the head\n direction/velocity inputs for that direction is lowered relative to\n other directions (right, first panel), while the population patterns\n remain unchanged. Alternatively, the same SN expansion could have\n been produced by keeping the amplitude of the head\n direction/velocity inputs fixed, if the population patterns were\n stretched (right, second panel). The latter scenario is inconsistent\n with the attractor hypothesis, because deformations of the pattern\n are not part of the attractor manifold. In the former (continuous\n attractor) scenario, the phase relationships between neurons is\n preserved despite the SN expansion; in the second, phase\n relationships must change. (C) The SN grid (left) rotates if the\n head direction/velocity inputs to the network are rotated, while the\n population remains unchanged. The same rotation could have been\n produced by rotating the population pattern, but keeping the head\n direction/velocity inputs intact. The latter possibility is\n inconsistent with the attractor hypothesis. Again, the former\n (continuous attractor) scenario can be distinguished from the latter\n by whether phase relationships between neurons in the population are\n preserved. (SN plots and the left column of population responses\n were produced from a simulation with network parameters as in <a href=\"http://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000291#pcbi-1000291-g002\" target=\"_blank\">Figure\n 2D–F</a>, and by appropriately scaling or rotating the\n velocity/head direction inputs. Right population plots are\n hypothetical.)</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["attractor"], "article_id"=>578120, "categories"=>["Neuroscience"], "users"=>["Yoram Burak", "Ila R. Fiete"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000291.g007", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>1, "page_views"=>5, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Tests_of_the_continuous_attractor_hypothesis_/578120", "title"=>"Tests of the continuous attractor hypothesis.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2009-02-20 02:15:20"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/907537"], "description"=>"<p>(A) SN response in a stochastic spiking periodic network. The parameters\n and input velocity trajectory are as in <a href=\"http://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000291#pcbi-1000291-g002\" target=\"_blank\">Figure 2A–C</a>, except that\n spiking is simulated explicitly and the spikes are generated by an\n inhomogeneous Poisson process. (B) SN response in a stochastic spiking\n aperiodic network. The parameters are as in <a href=\"http://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000291#pcbi-1000291-g002\" target=\"_blank\">Figure 2D–F</a>, except that\n spiking is simulated explicitly and the spikes are generated by a point\n process with a CV of (see <a href=\"http://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000291#s4\" target=\"_blank\"><i>Methods</i></a>). Each red dot represents a spike.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["neuron", "responses", "stochastic", "spiking"], "article_id"=>577994, "categories"=>["Neuroscience"], "users"=>["Yoram Burak", "Ila R. Fiete"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000291.g005", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>3, "page_views"=>3, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Single_neuron_SN_responses_from_stochastic_spiking_networks_/577994", "title"=>"Single neuron (SN) responses from stochastic spiking networks.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2009-02-20 02:13:14"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/448897", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/448910", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/448919", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/448937", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/448947"], "description"=>"<div><p>Grid cells in the rat entorhinal cortex display strikingly regular firing responses to the animal's position in 2-D space and have been hypothesized to form the neural substrate for dead-reckoning. However, errors accumulate rapidly when velocity inputs are integrated in existing models of grid cell activity. To produce grid-cell-like responses, these models would require frequent resets triggered by external sensory cues. Such inadequacies, shared by various models, cast doubt on the dead-reckoning potential of the grid cell system. Here we focus on the question of accurate path integration, specifically in continuous attractor models of grid cell activity. We show, in contrast to previous models, that continuous attractor models can generate regular triangular grid responses, based on inputs that encode only the rat's velocity and heading direction. We consider the role of the network boundary in the integration performance of the network and show that both periodic and aperiodic networks are capable of accurate path integration, despite important differences in their attractor manifolds. We quantify the rate at which errors in the velocity integration accumulate as a function of network size and intrinsic noise within the network. With a plausible range of parameters and the inclusion of spike variability, our model networks can accurately integrate velocity inputs over a maximum of ∼10–100 meters and ∼1–10 minutes. These findings form a proof-of-concept that continuous attractor dynamics may underlie velocity integration in the dorsolateral medial entorhinal cortex. The simulations also generate pertinent upper bounds on the accuracy of integration that may be achieved by continuous attractor dynamics in the grid cell network. We suggest experiments to test the continuous attractor model and differentiate it from models in which single cells establish their responses independently of each other.</p> </div>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["attractor", "models", "of", "grid", "cells"], "article_id"=>148471, "categories"=>["Neuroscience"], "users"=>["Yoram Burak", "Ila R. Fiete"], "doi"=>["https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000291.s001", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000291.s002", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000291.s003", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000291.s004", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000291.s005"], "stats"=>{"downloads"=>17, "page_views"=>51, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/Accurate_Path_Integration_in_Continuous_Attractor_Network_Models_of___Grid_Cells/148471", "title"=>"Accurate Path Integration in Continuous Attractor Network Models of\n Grid Cells", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>4, "published_date"=>"2009-02-20 02:21:11"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/907356"], "description"=>"<p>Simulation of network response, with velocity inputs corresponding to a\n rat's recorded trajectory in a 2 m circular enclosure <a href=\"http://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000291#pcbi.1000291-Hafting2\" target=\"_blank\">[50]</a>. The boundary conditions in the neural\n sheet are periodic in (A–C) and aperiodic in (D–F).\n (A,D) Instantaneous activity within the neural sheet (color represents\n the firing rate: black corresponds to vanishing rate). The red curve in\n (D) represents the fading profile of inputs to the network. (B,E) Grid\n cell response: average firing rate of a single neuron (located at the\n electrode tip in (A,D)), as a function of the rat's position\n within the enclosure. (C,F) Velocity integration in the network: Top:\n Actual distance of the rat from a fixed reference point (black),\n compared to the network's integrated position estimate,\n obtained by tracking the flow of the pattern in the population response\n (blue). The reference point is at the left-bottom corner of the square\n in which the circular enclosure is inscribed. Middle: Accumulated\n distance between the integrated position estimate and the actual\n position. Bottom: Orientation of the three main axes in the population\n response during the trajectory. Note that there is no rotation in the\n periodic network, and little rotation in the aperiodic one.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["aperiodic", "networks", "path"], "article_id"=>577819, "categories"=>["Neuroscience"], "users"=>["Yoram Burak", "Ila R. Fiete"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000291.g002", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>1, "page_views"=>4, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Periodic_and_aperiodic_networks_are_capable_of_accurate_path____integration_/577819", "title"=>"Periodic and aperiodic networks are capable of accurate path\n integration.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2009-02-20 02:10:19"}

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Relative Metric

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F1000Prime