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• {"link"=>{"url"=>"http://www.citeulike.org/user/mrvaidya/article/7787873"}, "post_time"=>"2010-09-05 09:26:03", "tag"=>["conservation", "interesting"], "linkout"=>{"type"=>"DOI", "url"=>"http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1000585"}, "username"=>"mrvaidya", "article_id"=>"7787873"}

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{"title"=>"Why the Indian subcontinent holds the key to global tiger recovery", "type"=>"journal", "authors"=>[{"first_name"=>"Samrat", "last_name"=>"Mondol", "scopus_author_id"=>"22985852200"}, {"first_name"=>"K. Ullas", "last_name"=>"Karanth", "scopus_author_id"=>"7004329709"}, {"first_name"=>"Uma", "last_name"=>"Ramakrishnan", "scopus_author_id"=>"7004625213"}], "year"=>2009, "source"=>"PLoS Genetics", "identifiers"=>{"sgr"=>"70149096020", "doi"=>"10.1371/journal.pgen.1000585", "pui"=>"355245408", "pmid"=>"19680439", "scopus"=>"2-s2.0-70149096020", "issn"=>"15537390", "isbn"=>"1553-7404 (Electronic)\\n1553-7390 (Linking)"}, "id"=>"b6c211d2-e5e5-35e3-a290-fdbd35682ac3", "abstract"=>"With only approximately 3,000 wild individuals surviving restricted to just 7% of their historical range, tigers are now a globally threatened species. Therefore, conservation efforts must prioritize regions that harbor more tigers, as well try to capture most of the remaining genetic variation and habitat diversity. Only such prioritization based on demographic, genetic, and ecological considerations can ensure species recovery and retention of evolutionary flexibility in the face of ongoing global changes. Although scientific understanding of ecological and demographic aspects of extant wild tiger populations has improved recently, little is known about their genetic composition and variability. We sampled 73 individual tigers from 28 reserves spread across a diversity of habitats in the Indian subcontinent to obtain 1,263 bp of mitochondrial DNA and 10 microsatellite loci. Our analyses reveals that Indian tigers retain more than half of the extant genetic diversity in the species. Coalescent simulations attribute this high genetic diversity to a historically large population size of about 58,200 tigers for peninsular India south of the Gangetic plains. Furthermore, our analyses indicate a precipitous, possibly human-induced population crash approximately 200 years ago in India, which is in concordance with historical records. Our results suggest that only 1.7% (with an upper limit of 13% and a lower limit of 0.2%) of tiger numbers in historical times remain now. In the global conservation context our results suggest that, based on genetic, demographic, and ecological considerations, the Indian subcontinent holds the key to global survival and recovery of wild tigers.", "link"=>"http://www.mendeley.com/research/indian-subcontinent-holds-key-global-tiger-recovery", "reader_count"=>227, "reader_count_by_academic_status"=>{"Unspecified"=>4, "Professor > Associate Professor"=>7, "Librarian"=>1, "Researcher"=>65, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>12, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>57, "Student > Postgraduate"=>10, "Student > Master"=>36, "Other"=>14, "Student > Bachelor"=>8, "Lecturer"=>1, "Lecturer > Senior Lecturer"=>2, "Professor"=>10}, "reader_count_by_user_role"=>{"Unspecified"=>4, "Professor > Associate Professor"=>7, "Librarian"=>1, "Researcher"=>65, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>12, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>57, "Student > Postgraduate"=>10, "Student > Master"=>36, "Other"=>14, "Student > Bachelor"=>8, "Lecturer"=>1, "Lecturer > Senior Lecturer"=>2, "Professor"=>10}, "reader_count_by_subject_area"=>{"Unspecified"=>8, "Environmental Science"=>52, "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>9, "Mathematics"=>1, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>151, "Medicine and Dentistry"=>1, "Arts and Humanities"=>1, "Psychology"=>1, "Social Sciences"=>2, "Earth and Planetary Sciences"=>1}, "reader_count_by_subdiscipline"=>{"Medicine and Dentistry"=>{"Medicine and Dentistry"=>1}, "Social Sciences"=>{"Social Sciences"=>2}, "Psychology"=>{"Psychology"=>1}, "Earth and Planetary Sciences"=>{"Earth and Planetary Sciences"=>1}, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>{"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>151}, "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>{"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>9}, "Mathematics"=>{"Mathematics"=>1}, "Unspecified"=>{"Unspecified"=>8}, "Environmental Science"=>{"Environmental Science"=>52}, "Arts and Humanities"=>{"Arts and Humanities"=>1}}, "reader_count_by_country"=>{"Ecuador"=>1, "Afghanistan"=>1, "United States"=>3, "Sri Lanka"=>1, "United Kingdom"=>5, "Kenya"=>1, "India"=>11, "Netherlands"=>2, "Sweden"=>1, "Mozambique"=>1, "Brazil"=>2, "South Africa"=>1, "Germany"=>1, "Indonesia"=>2}, "group_count"=>11}

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• http://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-011-0279-9
• http://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-animal-020518-115106
• http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0118846
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2014.08.016
• http://doi.org/10.1007/s12686-014-0371-9
• http://doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esv002
• http://doi.org/10.1038/nindia.2009.272
• http://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.1506
• http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1000603
• http://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.432
• http://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-018-1084-5
• http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-263X.2010.00162.x
• http://doi.org/10.1111/1749-4877.12136
• http://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.0496
• http://doi.org/10.1007/s10344-010-0460-3
• http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-4571.2011.00233.x
• http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0193495
• http://doi.org/10.1080/23802359.2020.1742589
• http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0111207
• http://doi.org/10.1093/jhered/est086
• http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0077980
• http://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8482
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.10.003
• http://doi.org/10.1038/hdy.2012.120
• http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0127626
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2017.09.002
• http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04732.x
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2013.03.013
• http://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msz136
• http://doi.org/10.1007/s12686-011-9475-7
• http://doi.org/10.1007/s42965-020-00060-2
• http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-4877.2010.00214.x
• http://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-019-03267-z
• http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0174371
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.mambio.2010.10.005
• http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-4877.2010.00222.x

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• {"type"=>"COMMENT", "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/annotation/79ef8914-2705-4b8d-b192-843646a11992", "title"=>"Publisher's Note: Correction to Figure 1", "body"=>"In Figure 1, 'Comparison of genetic variation among all tiger subspecies', the sample size for the Indian subcontinent (\"Bengal\") should be 71 and not 57 as currently shown in the figure. The figure's legend is correct.\n", "highlightedText"=>"''Comparison of genetic variation among all tiger subspecies.''\nhttp://plosgenetics.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pgen.1000585#pgen-1000585-g001", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2009-08-24T09:14:17Z", "lastModified"=>"2009-08-24T09:14:17Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"131543"}, "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>false}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pgen.1000585", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSGenetics"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSGenetics", "eIssn"=>"1553-7404", "title"=>"PLOS Genetics"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>0, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2009-08-24T09:14:17Z", "replies"=>[]}
• {"type"=>"COMMENT", "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/annotation/c886a7c3-fcb2-4a57-a45e-4fa3aeb00ff0", "title"=>"Publisher's Note: Correction to Acknowledgments", "body"=>"The following sentence is an amendment to the acknowledgments. It should read: We thank N. Samba Kumar, A. J. T. Johnsingh, J. Krishnaswamy, S. Mukherjee, A. Kumar, and many field researchers for assistance in procuring samples.", "highlightedText"=>"''We thank N. Samba Kumar, A. J. T. Johnsingh, J. Krishnaswamy, N. Mukherjee, A. Kumar, and many field researchers for assistance in procuring samples.''\nhttp://plosgenetics.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pgen.1000585#article1.back1.ack1.p1", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2009-08-24T09:22:55Z", "lastModified"=>"2009-08-24T09:22:55Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"131543"}, "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>false}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pgen.1000585", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSGenetics"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSGenetics", "eIssn"=>"1553-7404", "title"=>"PLOS Genetics"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>0, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2009-08-24T09:22:55Z", "replies"=>[]}

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• {"id"=>"295805454565666817", "text"=>"Indian #tigers vital to #conservation of the species: >1/2 of the genetic diversity of extant tigers is in #india http://t.co/4IC0HoxI", "created_at"=>"2013-01-28T08:08:10Z", "user"=>"silverlangur", "user_name"=>"Gerry Ryan", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2383626011/images__1__normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"695304139199401984", "text"=>"@Tigers4EverCTS @kallidoubleday And over 60% of the species' genetic variance, if these findings are still current: https://t.co/xfk8klRl1c", "created_at"=>"2016-02-04T17:53:19Z", "user"=>"Myusername432", "user_name"=>"Josh Gross", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/600753680518774784/vb_Gea6-_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"695307198897995776", "text"=>"RT @Myusername432: @Tigers4EverCTS @kallidoubleday And over 60% of the species' genetic variance, if these findings are still current: http…", "created_at"=>"2016-02-04T18:05:29Z", "user"=>"tiggerthedog", "user_name"=>"Ruth Parkinson", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/489532170667425792/ypdggELD_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"997548989875740675", "text"=>"@FattebertJ This paper back projected a median of 58,200 tigers south of Gangetic plains: https://t.co/nrHqOIbPjL\nT… https://t.co/zAfi91AR5b", "created_at"=>"2018-05-18T18:46:27Z", "user"=>"koustubh_sharma", "user_name"=>"Koustubh Sharma", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/666482515259973633/rNJ8jFfy_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"997564738069516288", "text"=>"RT @koustubh_sharma: @FattebertJ This paper back projected a median of 58,200 tigers south of Gangetic plains: https://t.co/nrHqOIbPjL\nThe…", "created_at"=>"2018-05-18T19:49:02Z", "user"=>"FattebertJ", "user_name"=>"Julien Fattebert", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/779361750940549121/xMOrIYk0_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"997566268877221888", "text"=>"RT @koustubh_sharma: @FattebertJ This paper back projected a median of 58,200 tigers south of Gangetic plains: https://t.co/nrHqOIbPjL\nThe…", "created_at"=>"2018-05-18T19:55:07Z", "user"=>"ArjDheer", "user_name"=>"Arjun Dheer ?", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/821914129417936896/rEZ4Nqp7_normal.jpg"}

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Figshare

• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/439962", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/439987", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/440017", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/440039", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/440062", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/440083", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/440110", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/440130", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/440154", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/440196", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/440220", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/440248", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/440281", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/440312"], "description"=>"<div><p>With only ∼3,000 wild individuals surviving restricted to just 7% of their historical range, tigers are now a globally threatened species. Therefore, conservation efforts must prioritize regions that harbor more tigers, as well try to capture most of the remaining genetic variation and habitat diversity. Only such prioritization based on demographic, genetic, and ecological considerations can ensure species recovery and retention of evolutionary flexibility in the face of ongoing global changes. Although scientific understanding of ecological and demographic aspects of extant wild tiger populations has improved recently, little is known about their genetic composition and variability. We sampled 73 individual tigers from 28 reserves spread across a diversity of habitats in the Indian subcontinent to obtain 1,263 bp of mitochondrial DNA and 10 microsatellite loci. Our analyses reveals that Indian tigers retain more than half of the extant genetic diversity in the species. Coalescent simulations attribute this high genetic diversity to a historically large population size of about 58,200 tigers for peninsular India south of the Gangetic plains. Furthermore, our analyses indicate a precipitous, possibly human-induced population crash ∼200 years ago in India, which is in concordance with historical records. Our results suggest that only 1.7% (with an upper limit of 13% and a lower limit of 0.2%) of tiger numbers in historical times remain now. In the global conservation context our results suggest that, based on genetic, demographic, and ecological considerations, the Indian subcontinent holds the key to global survival and recovery of wild tigers.</p></div>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["indian", "subcontinent", "holds", "tiger"], "article_id"=>146736, "categories"=>["Ecology", "Genetics", "Evolutionary Biology"], "users"=>["Samrat Mondol", "K. Ullas Karanth", "Uma Ramakrishnan"], "doi"=>["https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1000585.s001", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1000585.s002", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1000585.s003", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1000585.s004", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1000585.s005", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1000585.s006", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1000585.s007", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1000585.s008", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1000585.s009", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1000585.s010", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1000585.s011", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1000585.s012", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1000585.s013", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1000585.s014"], "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>0, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/Why_the_Indian_Subcontinent_Holds_the_Key_to_Global_Tiger_Recovery/146736", "title"=>"Why the Indian Subcontinent Holds the Key to Global Tiger Recovery", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>4, "published_date"=>"2009-08-14 01:52:16"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/887460"], "description"=>"<p>(A) A haplotype network based on 1,263 bp of mitochondrial DNA reveals that 76% of global tiger genetic variation (32 haplotypes out of 42) is retained within the Indian subcontinent. Locations of each haplotype within India correspond only approximately to the site of sample collection. 71 samples are included from Myanmar, Nepal, and India. All samples from outside India are from Luo <i>et al.</i>, 2004 <a href=\"http://www.plosgenetics.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pgen.1000585#pgen.1000585-Luo1\" target=\"_blank\">[13]</a>. (B) The partitioning of microsatellite genetic variation based on 5 common microsatellite loci between different sub-species of tigers, with program STRUCTURE (k = 5). Individuals within the Indian subcontinent are the most variable, indicated by the fact that all 5 colours are present, compared to other subspecies, which retain only one colour (e.g. Siberian tigers). All samples from outside India are from Luo <i>et al.</i>, 2004 <a href=\"http://www.plosgenetics.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pgen.1000585#pgen.1000585-Luo1\" target=\"_blank\">[13]</a>.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["tiger"], "article_id"=>557922, "categories"=>["Ecology", "Genetics", "Evolutionary Biology"], "users"=>["Samrat Mondol", "K. Ullas Karanth", "Uma Ramakrishnan"], "doi"=>["https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1000585.g001"], "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>0, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Comparison_of_genetic_variation_among_all_tiger_subspecies_/557922", "title"=>"Comparison of genetic variation among all tiger subspecies.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2009-08-14 02:12:02"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/887570"], "description"=>"<p>(A) Posterior distributions for population size change based on coalescent simulations for peninsular Indian tigers based on 10 microsatellite loci and the Beaumont method. Red and green curves correspond to the posterior distributions under models of exponential and linear population size change, respectively. The prior distribution is represented by the flat dotted line. Irrespective of various models, there is no support for population increase. For peninsular Indian tigers, the results reveal about 10-fold decrease. (B) Posterior distributions for population size change based on coalescent simulations for peninsular Indian tigers based on 10 microsatellite loci and the Storz and Beaumont method. The posterior distributions for ancestral (red curve) and present (green) effective population size are represented here. The priors are represented by the dotted line (present population) and dashed line (ancestral population). Results confirm that post-decline population size is much smaller than the pre-decline population size. (C) The posterior distribution for the time since the population decline started for Indian tigers (black curve). The priors are shown by the dashed lines. The distribution has a median value at around 200 years. The vertical red and blue lines represent the approximate time since bounty-killing by the British and first written history of tiger hunting by Mughals respectively. (D) The joint posterior distribution of ancestral and present effective population size based on Indian tiger data. The 90%, 50%, and 10% highest probability density (HPD) limits are plotted for the joint distribution of ancestral and current population size on a logarithmic scale. The diagonal line corresponds to stable population size.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["peninsular", "indian", "tigers", "tigris"], "article_id"=>558030, "categories"=>["Ecology", "Genetics", "Evolutionary Biology"], "users"=>["Samrat Mondol", "K. Ullas Karanth", "Uma Ramakrishnan"], "doi"=>["https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1000585.g002"], "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>0, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Demographic_history_of_peninsular_Indian_tigers_Panthera_tigris_tigris_/558030", "title"=>"Demographic history of peninsular Indian tigers (<i>Panthera tigris tigris</i>).", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2009-08-14 02:13:50"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/887663"], "description"=>"<p>Comparing genetic variation at five nuclear microsatellites.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["ecology/conservation and restoration ecology", "ecology/population ecology", "Evolutionary biology", "genetics and genomics/population genetics"], "article_id"=>558120, "categories"=>["Ecology", "Genetics", "Evolutionary Biology"], "users"=>["Samrat Mondol", "K. Ullas Karanth", "Uma Ramakrishnan"], "doi"=>["https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1000585.t001"], "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>0, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Comparing_genetic_variation_at_five_nuclear_microsatellites_/558120", "title"=>"Comparing genetic variation at five nuclear microsatellites.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>3, "published_date"=>"2009-08-14 02:15:20"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/887699"], "description"=>"1<p>Mitochondrial DNA sample sizes.</p>2<p>Microsatellite sample sizes.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["differentiation", "mitochondrial", "genes", "microsatellites"], "article_id"=>558156, "categories"=>["Ecology", "Genetics", "Evolutionary Biology"], "users"=>["Samrat Mondol", "K. Ullas Karanth", "Uma Ramakrishnan"], "doi"=>["https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1000585.t002"], "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>0, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Genetic_differentiation_pairwise_F_st_at_mitochondrial_genes_1263_bp_below_diagonal_and_nuclear_microsatellites_ten_loci_above_diagonal_in_italics_/558156", "title"=>"Genetic differentiation (pairwise F_st) at mitochondrial genes (1263 bp, below diagonal) and nuclear microsatellites (ten loci, above diagonal, in italics).", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>3, "published_date"=>"2009-08-14 02:15:56"}

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Relative Metric

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F1000Prime