CiteULike | Further Information

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Mendeley | Further Information

{"title"=>"The haunting of medical journals: How ghostwriting sold \"HRT\"", "type"=>"journal", "authors"=>[{"first_name"=>"Adriane J.", "last_name"=>"Fugh-Berman", "scopus_author_id"=>"57194948518"}], "year"=>2010, "source"=>"PLoS Medicine", "identifiers"=>{"pmid"=>"20838656", "doi"=>"10.1371/journal.pmed.1000335", "sgr"=>"77957898639", "isbn"=>"1549-1676 (Electronic)\\r1549-1277 (Linking)", "scopus"=>"2-s2.0-77957898639", "issn"=>"15491277", "pui"=>"359756875"}, "id"=>"a464fbe2-b8da-335b-9694-b06e89b511cb", "abstract"=>"Adriane Fugh-Berman examines documents unsealed in recent litigation to investigate how pharmaceutical companies promoted hormone therapy drugs, including the use of medical writing companies to produce ghostwritten manuscripts and place them into medical journals.", "link"=>"http://www.mendeley.com/research/haunting-medical-journals-ghostwriting-sold-hrt", "reader_count"=>100, "reader_count_by_academic_status"=>{"Unspecified"=>1, "Professor > Associate Professor"=>6, "Librarian"=>2, "Researcher"=>28, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>5, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>12, "Student > Postgraduate"=>4, "Other"=>20, "Student > Master"=>6, "Student > Bachelor"=>6, "Lecturer"=>2, "Lecturer > Senior Lecturer"=>1, "Professor"=>6}, "reader_count_by_user_role"=>{"Unspecified"=>1, "Professor > Associate Professor"=>6, "Librarian"=>2, "Researcher"=>28, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>5, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>12, "Student > Postgraduate"=>4, "Other"=>20, "Student > Master"=>6, "Student > Bachelor"=>6, "Lecturer"=>2, "Lecturer > Senior Lecturer"=>1, "Professor"=>6}, "reader_count_by_subject_area"=>{"Unspecified"=>4, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>12, "Arts and Humanities"=>5, "Philosophy"=>3, "Business, Management and Accounting"=>1, "Chemistry"=>1, "Computer Science"=>7, "Environmental Science"=>1, "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>3, "Nursing and Health Professions"=>2, "Medicine and Dentistry"=>40, "Neuroscience"=>1, "Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science"=>1, "Physics and Astronomy"=>2, "Psychology"=>2, "Social Sciences"=>12, "Immunology and Microbiology"=>1, "Linguistics"=>1}, "reader_count_by_subdiscipline"=>{"Medicine and Dentistry"=>{"Medicine and Dentistry"=>40}, "Social Sciences"=>{"Social Sciences"=>12}, "Physics and Astronomy"=>{"Physics and Astronomy"=>2}, "Psychology"=>{"Psychology"=>2}, "Unspecified"=>{"Unspecified"=>4}, "Environmental Science"=>{"Environmental Science"=>1}, "Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science"=>{"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science"=>1}, "Arts and Humanities"=>{"Arts and Humanities"=>5}, "Chemistry"=>{"Chemistry"=>1}, "Neuroscience"=>{"Neuroscience"=>1}, "Immunology and Microbiology"=>{"Immunology and Microbiology"=>1}, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>{"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>12}, "Computer Science"=>{"Computer Science"=>7}, "Business, Management and Accounting"=>{"Business, Management and Accounting"=>1}, "Nursing and Health Professions"=>{"Nursing and Health Professions"=>2}, "Linguistics"=>{"Linguistics"=>1}, "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>{"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>3}, "Philosophy"=>{"Philosophy"=>3}}, "reader_count_by_country"=>{"United States"=>3, "United Kingdom"=>4, "Spain"=>4, "Canada"=>1, "Sweden"=>1, "Belgium"=>1, "Finland"=>1, "Brazil"=>1, "Poland"=>1, "South Africa"=>2, "Italy"=>1, "Nigeria"=>2, "Australia"=>2, "France"=>3, "Germany"=>1}, "group_count"=>3}

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PubMed Central

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Article Coverage

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Article Coverage Curated

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Journal Comments | Further Information

• {"type"=>"COMMENT", "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/annotation/3b92fa40-a1a2-4d84-83dc-e102ea12f698", "title"=>"Don't senior researchers write papers?", "body"=>"In some ways the underlying assumption here - that senior researchers don't write their own papers anyway but rely on post-docs - is even worse than the ghostwriting saga itself! If it is really true that some senior researchers don't do a lot of their own research, analysis and writing, perhaps we shouldn't be too surprised that opportunities for ghostwriting have occurred.", "highlightedText"=>"''This query was in response to an e-mail from Karen Mittleman (a DesignWrite employee who supervised medical writers) that stated: “The beauty of this process is that we become your postdocs! … We provide you with an outline that you review and suggest changes to. We then develop a draft from the final outline. You have complete editorial control of the paper, but we provide you with the materials to review/critique”''\nhttp://plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000335#article1.body1.sec5.p1", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2010-09-09T11:21:42Z", "lastModified"=>"2010-09-09T11:21:42Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"121495"}, "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>true, "body"=>"PLoS Med Editorial Board"}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000335", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSMedicine"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSMedicine", "eIssn"=>"1549-1676", "title"=>"PLOS Medicine"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>1, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2010-09-09T22:22:47Z", "replies"=>[{"type"=>"REPLY", "parentID"=>5377, "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/reply/1fde6312-62f2-436c-9a14-a73481967639", "title"=>"RE: Don't senior researchers write papers?", "body"=>"How can a drug company pay writers to write what they themselves dictate to be written and how is this legal? The drug company in this case wrote their own peer review research and paid professors and so called experts to enhance the approval of this drug? This is fraud and the researchers that knew this was happening are liable under law. That is why we have laws to prevent fraud and this was quite clearly a crime. Many women took this drug only to receive the side effect of breast cancer and those responsible should be in jail. ", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2010-09-09T22:22:47Z", "lastModified"=>"2010-09-09T22:22:47Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"33281"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>false}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000335", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSMedicine"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSMedicine", "eIssn"=>"1549-1676", "title"=>"PLOS Medicine"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>0, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2010-09-09T22:22:47Z", "replies"=>[]}]}
• {"type"=>"COMMENT", "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/annotation/3f6e4498-4031-46b7-b6c1-9322079b2f37", "title"=>"Professional Medical Writers and Publication Ethics", "body"=>"Fugh-Berman’s article regarding the ghostwriting of publications about Prempro [1] raises some important points, but unfortunately misses others.\n\nMost importantly, we in the European Medical Writers Association (EMWA) are concerned that she does not mention the significant distinction between ghostwriters and professional medical writers. Ghostwriters are shady individuals who hide from sight, while professional medical writers produce their work in an ethical and transparent manner.\n\nMedical writing is a flourishing profession. Writing assistance in biomedical publications has many advantages but needs to be transparent and ethical.\n\nWe have published guidelines explaining what is expected of professional medical writers [2]. Professional medical writers who follow those guidelines would not allow marketing messages to trump scientific accuracy in published papers. In fact, some empirical evidence suggests that professional medical writers can help avoid misconduct. Woolley et al found that retractions of papers from the published literature were significantly less likely to be a result of misconduct when professional medical writers were acknowledged [3]. Further, research recently published by EMWA suggests that professional medical writers may also improve the reporting quality of randomised controlled trials [4].\n\nWe in EMWA actively endeavour to raise the profile of the medical writing profession and standards. We therefore believe that there is a clear distinction between ghostwriters who engage in unethical practices and professional medical writers who do not. Fugh Berman’s article describes only the bad side of medical writing, without mentioning its positive side, which creates a misleading impression. \n\nWe also wish to point out that, although using ghostwriters to insert unwarranted marketing messages into papers is unacceptable, and something we would unhesitatingly condemn, there is no evidence to suggest it is common. Statements such as “Industry-funded marketing messages may infest articles in every medical journal” are therefore entirely speculative and in no way supported by evidence. Although it is clearly very difficult to do high quality research into the prevalence of papers with inappropriate marketing messages, our own experience of writing many papers for many pharmaceutical companies suggests that it is probably extremely rare.\n\nAdam Jacobs, Press Officer, EMWA\nAndrea Palluch, Public Relations Officer, EMWA.\n\nReferences\n\n1. Fugh-Berman AJ. The haunting of medical journals: how ghostwriting sold “HRT”. PLoS Medicine 7(9):e1000335. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000335\n\n2. Jacobs A, Wager E. European Medical Writers Association (EMWA) guidelines on the role of medical writers in developing peer-reviewed publications. Curr Med Res Opin 2005;21(2):317–321\n\n3. Woolley KL, Woolley MJ, Lew RA et al. Round Up the Usual Suspects? Involvement of Medical Writers and the Pharmaceutical Industry in Retracted Publications. Abstract presented at the Sixth International Congress on Peer Review and Biomedical Publication, Vancouver, September 2009.\n\n4. Jacobs A. Adherence to the CONSORT guideline in papers written by professional medical writers. The Write Stuff (Journal of the European Medical Writers Association) 2010;19(3):196–200\n", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2010-09-18T17:30:08Z", "lastModified"=>"2010-09-18T17:30:08Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"102407"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>true, "body"=>"AJ runs Dianthus Medical Limited, which provides professional medical writing services to pharmaceutical companies and other clinical researchers.\n\nAP is a freelance professional medical writer who provides services to pharmaceutical companies, clinical trial investigators, clinical investigative sites, and research sites."}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000335", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSMedicine"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSMedicine", "eIssn"=>"1549-1676", "title"=>"PLOS Medicine"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>11, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2010-10-08T08:58:59Z", "replies"=>[{"type"=>"REPLY", "parentID"=>5679, "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/reply/b666b48a-67fd-41cc-a722-75fec2611724", "title"=>"RE: Professional Medical Writers and Publication Ethics", "body"=>"Naturally EMWA seeks to distinguish its members from “shady individuals who hide from sight,” but medical writers who work for industry do not control the final product and rarely see their names on their work, so let’s call a ghost a ghost. The fact is that most of EMWA’s members are paid by industry (including pharmaceutical companies, medical education companies and clinical research organizations) [1], and the manuscripts and other publications they write reflect the marketing goals of industry.\n\nReaders interested in learning more about the role of medical writers in publication planning -- “the finely calibrated process by which clinical trials, commentaries and other articles supporting the efficacy of particular products are written and released into the biomedical literature” -- should read the article I co-authored with Susanna Dodgson PhD, who taught medical writing at the University of Sciences of Philadelphia [2].Dr. Dodgson called the practice of academic authors signing papers written by medical writers “pharmaceutical company-sponsored plagiarism” in EMWA’s own newsletter. [3]\n\nEMWA’s statement that professional medical writers “produce their work in an ethical and transparent manner” is more wishful thinking than actual practice when a corporate master determines the subject, point of view, final product, and when, where, and in what form the work is published, not to mention the name that decorates the paper as “author.”\n\n 1. See the membership breakdown under promotional slides at http://www.emwa.org/aboutemwa.html)\n\n2. Fugh-Berman A, Dodgson S. The ethics of publication planning in the pharmaceutical industry. Open Medicine 2008;4(5): e40-43. http://www.openmedicine.ca/article/view/118/220\n\n3. Dodgson S. From over the pond: Plagiarism in the pharmaceutical industry. The Write Stuff 2005; 14(3). Available at http://thewritestuff.emwa.org/article/1/23/categories/)\n", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2010-09-21T04:59:19Z", "lastModified"=>"2010-09-21T04:59:19Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"50279"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>true, "body"=>"Dr. Fugh-Berman was a paid expert witness on behalf of plaintiffs in the litigation referred to in the paper to which this correspondence pertains. Dr. Fugh-Berman directs PharmedOut, a Georgetown University-based project founded with public money from the Attorney General Consumer and Prescriber Grant program and currently supported by individual donations."}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000335", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSMedicine"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSMedicine", "eIssn"=>"1549-1676", "title"=>"PLOS Medicine"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>10, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2010-10-08T08:58:59Z", "replies"=>[{"type"=>"REPLY", "parentID"=>34483, "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/reply/94044eaf-599c-43b4-9de5-275a066e8037", "title"=>"RE: RE: Professional Medical Writers and Publication Ethics", "body"=>"Dear Dr Fugh-Berman\n\nMany thanks to your prompt response to our comment. You raise many points in your response, which I shall take one at a time.\n\n<em>“medical writers who work for industry do not control the final product…”</em>\n\nThat is indeed correct. Medical writers in general can only advise, and cannot dictate. Medical writers, by themselves, will never be able to ensure that all problems with publication ethics are eliminated. Control of the final product must rest with the named authors of the paper. Medical writers can help to facilitate this, but ultimately is it up to named authors to ensure that they do not sign their names to papers if they do not feel that they have control of what is in it. Medical writers do, however, have a responsibility to write scientifically justified articles, and to challenge both companies and independent authors if they have any concerns in that area.\n\n<em>“…and rarely see their names on their work…”</em>\n\nThat statement, however, is demonstrably false. Medical writers frequently see their names in the acknowledgement sections of papers (the appropriate place for them, as few medical writers would fulfil ICMJE criteria for authorship), and this is becoming more common. Our own research found that 58% of contributions were acknowledged in 2008, a substantial increase since 2005 [1]. Admittedly, that figure of 58% is based on a survey with a low response rate, and may be inflated by response bias. However, even if it is an overestimate, it is clearly not true to say that medical writers “rarely see their names on their work”. It is worth noting that practices in this area have been changing rapidly in recent years, probably as a result of the various guidelines that have been published on the subject, such as those published by EMWA [2]. Before 2003, when the original GPP guidelines were published [3], there were no published guidelines stating that the contributions of medical writers should be acknowledged.\n\nI do agree, however, that even a figure of 58% is far too low. It should be 100%. EMWA is working to educate its members about the importance of transparency in an attempt to increase that figure. Also, I and some colleagues published a checklist in this journal last year which is designed to allow journal editors to improve transparency of the role of medical writers [4]. Puzzlingly, PLoS Medicine have not started requiring authors to complete the checklist. As stated previously, medical writers cannot do everything by themselves. They need allies from the ranks of both clinical researchers and journal editors if they are to be successful in eliminating ghostwriting completely. My impression is that journal editors are quick to criticise ghostwriting (and rightly so), but much slower to take practical action to discourage it.\n\n<em>“…so let’s call a ghost a ghost.”</em>\n\nI don’t understand what you mean by that. Do you think that professional medical writers who are acknowledged for their contributions should be described as “ghosts”? If so, perhaps you could explain why?\n\n<em>“The fact is that most of EMWA’s members are paid by industry…”</em>\n\nYes, that is true. However…\n\n<em>“… and the manuscripts and other publications they write reflect the marketing goals of industry.”</em>\n\nThat is not an inevitable consequence of being paid by industry. In fact, some companies, such as Pfizer, now have policies which explicitly forbid personnel from their marketing departments being involved in the development of publications [5]. Although I am sure some papers have occasionally been published in which marketing messages have over-ridden scientific considerations, with the collusion of ghostwriters, I have never been asked to do this in my own experience of working with many pharmaceutical companies, so I suspect it is rare. If you have evidence that it is common, perhaps you could share it.\n\n<em>“Readers interested in learning more about the role of medical writers…”</em>\n\nThank you for providing that reference, which I have read. That article contains many opinions and assertions, but few hard data. For example, the statement that medical writers write the paper “incorporating the appropriate marketing message” is not backed up by any data whatsoever. As stated above, no doubt this has happened on occasions, but there is no evidence that it is common practice.\n\n<em>“Dr Dodgson called the practice of academic authors signing papers written by medical writers ‘pharmaceutical company sponsored plagiarism’”</em>\n\nDr Dodgson describes a specific unethical behaviour, in which academic authors sign their names to papers without having contributed to them. I totally agree that that is plagiarism, and many other things besides. To be clear, I absolutely do not support such behaviours, and would welcome sanctions against anyone involved. However, again you seem to assume that that is the way in which most medical writers work, but you present no evidence for that assumption.\n\n<em>“EMWA’s statement that professional medical writers ‘produce their work in an ethical and transparent manner’ is more wishful thinking than actual practice”</em>\n\nDo you have any evidence to support that statement? I refer you to reference 3 of my previous comment, which shows that misconduct may be less likely when professional medical writers are involved.\n\nClearly, some medical writers work in a way which is perfectly ethical, and some do not. It is very difficult to do good quality research into the proportion of medical writers in each category, but my own experience from 14 years of working in the medical writing industry tells me that the former category overwhelmingly predominates.\n\nThe challenge for all of us who are involved in biomedical publishing is to continue efforts to make it harder to get away with ghostwriting, writing papers in which the science is compromised by marketing messages, or other unethical behaviours. EMWA is actively involved in those efforts. Claiming that medical writers are part of the problem, when there are many medical writers working towards a solution and in need of allies if they are going to have any realistic prospect of achieving that goal, is not helpful.\n\nReferences\n\n1. Jacobs A, Hamilton CW. Decreased evidence of ghostwriting in a 2008 vs 2005 survey of medical writers. The Write Stuff 2009;18(2):118–123\n\n2. Jacobs A, Wager E. European Medical Writers Association (EMWA) guidelines on the role of medical writers in developing peer-reviewed publications. Curr Med Res Opin 2005;21(2):317–321\n\n3. Wager E, Field EA, Grossman L. Good Publication Practice for Pharmaceutical Companies. Curr Med Res Opin 2003;19(3):149–154\n\n4. Gøtzsche PC, Kassirer JP, Woolley KL, Wager E, Jacobs A, Gertel A, Hamilton C. What Should Be Done To Tackle Ghostwriting in the Medical Literature? http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000023\n\n5. Pfizer policy on public disclosure and authorship. http://pfizer.com/research/research_clinical_trials/registration_disclosure_authorship.jsp\n", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2010-09-21T15:42:27Z", "lastModified"=>"2010-09-21T15:42:27Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"102407"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>true, "body"=>"As stated previously"}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000335", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSMedicine"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSMedicine", "eIssn"=>"1549-1676", "title"=>"PLOS Medicine"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>9, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2010-10-08T08:58:59Z", "replies"=>[{"type"=>"REPLY", "parentID"=>34485, "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/reply/f4c2b0fa-95bf-4943-bb74-c6b8f6a1abdd", "title"=>"RE: RE: RE: Professional Medical Writers and Publication Ethics", "body"=>"Ah, the HTML parsing didn't work as expected, but no doubt you can figure out what I meant. All the stuff between the <em> tags was supposed to be direct quotes.", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2010-09-21T15:43:56Z", "lastModified"=>"2010-09-21T15:43:56Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"102407"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>true, "body"=>"As stated previously"}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000335", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSMedicine"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSMedicine", "eIssn"=>"1549-1676", "title"=>"PLOS Medicine"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>0, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2010-09-21T15:43:56Z", "replies"=>[]}, {"type"=>"REPLY", "parentID"=>34485, "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/reply/6afc940c-68f9-4555-b951-df9042657158", "title"=>"RE: RE: RE: Professional Medical Writers and Publication Ethics", "body"=>"\r\nDear. Mr. Jacobs, You mention that the appropriate place to cite a medical writer is in the acknowledgement section. However, if the writer in question made a significant contribution to the project why should they not be listed as an author? Isn’t this the way it works in the rest of the academic world? For example, take study 329, which examined the use of Paroxetine in childhood depression, and which was published in the Journal of American Academy of Child and Academic Psychiatry . The majority of the work was done by Sally Laden, a medical writer employed by a medical writing company, but rather than being listed as an author she was just mentioned in the acknowledgement section. Do you think this was an appropriate categorization of her contribution? At the very least, she did significantly more work on the paper than many of the listed authors – all the drafts of the paper are available on the internet. And it is hard not to wonder if hiding her true role had something to do with the way the study was reported. As McHenry and Jureidini point out, while the published paper concluded that “Paroxetine was safe and effective for major depression in children” , there are internal company documents stating “Essentially the study did not really show that Paxil was effective in treating adolescent depression, which is not something we want to publicize.” Wouldn’t the readers of the article have been better served if Sally Laden had been listed as an author? As Jeffrey Lacasse and I proposed in the Chronicle of Higher Education: Why not call an author an author? \r\n\r\nReferences\r\n\r\n1 Keller et al. (2001) Efficacy of paroxetine in the treatment of adolescent major depression: A randomized controlled clinical trial. J Am Acad Child and Adolesc Psychiatry, 40:7. \r\n\r\n2 McHenry, L. and Jureidini, J. (2008). Industry sponsored ghostwriting in clinical trial reporting: A case study. Accountability in Research 15:152-167.\r\n\r\n3 Spielmans, G. and Parry, P. (2009) From evidence-based medicine to marketing-based medicine: Evidence from internal industry documents. Bioethical Inquiry. Published on line January 21, 2010\r\n\r\n4 Leo, J, and Lacasse, J. (2010) Ghostwriting and Academic Medicine, Chronicle of Higher Education, July 19, 2010 \r\n", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2010-10-03T19:20:24Z", "lastModified"=>"2010-10-03T19:20:24Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"149289"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>false}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000335", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSMedicine"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSMedicine", "eIssn"=>"1549-1676", "title"=>"PLOS Medicine"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>7, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2010-10-08T08:58:59Z", "replies"=>[{"type"=>"REPLY", "parentID"=>34549, "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/reply/83fa2b73-6be3-47d4-a2ca-c1b91309dab9", "title"=>"RE: RE: RE: RE: Professional Medical Writers and Publication Ethics", "body"=>"You raise an interesting question. The reason why I (and many others) say that medical writers should be listed in acknowledgements, rather than granted authorship, is that I am going by the ICMJE criteria. These state: \n\n\"Authorship credit should be based on 1) substantial contributions to conception and design, acquisition of data, or analysis and interpretation of data; 2) drafting the article or revising it critically for important intellectual content; and 3) final approval of the version to be published. Authors should meet conditions 1, 2, and 3\"\n\nNote the last part of that: that authors should meet all 3 conditions. It is rare that medical writers would meet the first condition, although they will probably meet condition 2, and may sometimes meet condition 3.\n\nThe paper you describe is of an RCT. Unless the medical writer had been involved in the design or conduct of the study (which is possible, but unlikely), then authorship would not be appropriate in that case according to the ICMJE criteria.\n\nIn fact in the vast majority of papers written with the help of professional medical writers, not all 3 conditions are met.\n\nNow, you could argue about whether the ICMJE criteria are appropriate, and that is certainly a legitimate argument. However, it's not one I particularly wish to get into. I regard that as something that journal editors need to figure out among themselves, and I will be happy to go along with whatever they decide. At the moment, most journals go by the ICMJE criteria, so I am going to take them as my guide.\n\nI am aware that some journals do require that medical writers be listed as authors. They are perfectly entitled to do that (as long as they make it clear to readers that they are not following the ICMJE criteria), and if I were involved in submitting a paper to such a journal, I would have no problem with the medical writer being listed as an author.\n\nIf you feel strongly that the ICMJE criteria are misguided and the medical writers should be named as authors, then you really need to take that up with the journal editor community. They are the ones who make the rules.", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2010-10-04T14:32:06Z", "lastModified"=>"2010-10-04T14:32:06Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"102407"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>true, "body"=>"As stated previously"}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000335", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSMedicine"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSMedicine", "eIssn"=>"1549-1676", "title"=>"PLOS Medicine"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>6, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2010-10-08T08:58:59Z", "replies"=>[{"type"=>"REPLY", "parentID"=>34551, "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/reply/6cb1b3bd-ae25-4daf-a2de-df060c376ff6", "title"=>"RE: RE: RE: RE: RE: Professional Medical Writers and Publication Ethics", "body"=>"You make a great point and I think you point out a loophole in the ICJME requirements. However, I also think Sally Laden met all three requirements to be called an author. For requirement 1 which includes \"analysis and interpretation of data\" I think she meets this. I think that her stituation is typical of many of the more famous ghostwritten documents where a simple acknowledgement of editorial assistance did not do the real author justice. ", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2010-10-05T19:07:46Z", "lastModified"=>"2010-10-05T19:07:46Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"149289"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>false}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000335", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSMedicine"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSMedicine", "eIssn"=>"1549-1676", "title"=>"PLOS Medicine"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>5, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2010-10-08T08:58:59Z", "replies"=>[{"type"=>"REPLY", "parentID"=>34559, "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/reply/118804ab-2ba3-4775-b84e-9f14952dfc1c", "title"=>"RE: RE: RE: RE: RE: RE: Professional Medical Writers and Publication Ethics", "body"=>"Well, I'm not familiar with that paper or what Sally did, so you may be right. But normally, analysis and interpretation of the data would be the job of the statistician, not the medical writer.\n\nPerhaps it depends on what you understand by \"interpretation\". You could regard that as a broad definition which encompasses simply writing about it, but I don't think that was the intent: I think it was intended to cover the kind of things that statisticians do.\n\nIn case of doubt, the correct course of action is simply to explain to the journal editor who did what and let them decide who should be an author,", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2010-10-06T10:03:24Z", "lastModified"=>"2010-10-06T10:03:24Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"102407"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>true, "body"=>"As declared previously"}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000335", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSMedicine"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSMedicine", "eIssn"=>"1549-1676", "title"=>"PLOS Medicine"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>4, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2010-10-08T08:58:59Z", "replies"=>[{"type"=>"REPLY", "parentID"=>34563, "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/reply/745ffa20-fe5d-43b5-b12f-83aadd62626a", "title"=>"RE: RE: RE: RE: RE: RE: RE: Professional Medical Writers and Publication Ethics", "body"=>"Again, you make a great point. Here is a link to the first draft along with her memo stating that she wrote it. In the end of the paper (draft) she says: \"In conclusion, the findings of this study provide the first validation of prelimary evidence of the effectivness and safety of the SSRI, paroxetine, in the treatment of adolescent depression.\" It appears from some of the comments in the draft that the statisticians were from the company. You mention that it is up to the editors to make a decision based on what the authors/writers report. It would interesting to hear from the editors in this case about what they were told. If medical editors allow this practice of giving acknowledgment to authors then clearly academic medicine stands apart from the rest of academia. It would be a tough sell to anyone outside academic medicine that she should not have listed as author. However, the bigger question is how many other ghostwritten articles were similar to 329's scenario? \r\nhttp://www.healthyskepticism.org/files/docs/gsk/paroxetine/study329/DraftI.pdf", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2010-10-07T13:34:09Z", "lastModified"=>"2010-10-07T13:34:09Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"149289"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>false}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000335", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSMedicine"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSMedicine", "eIssn"=>"1549-1676", "title"=>"PLOS Medicine"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>3, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2010-10-08T08:58:59Z", "replies"=>[{"type"=>"REPLY", "parentID"=>34573, "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/reply/398e0c3a-bcaf-4124-9a9a-49090f2517ec", "title"=>"RE: RE: RE: RE: RE: RE: RE: RE: Professional Medical Writers and Publication Ethics", "body"=>"I'm not sure that this paper tells us anything particularly interesting, as it was published over 9 years ago. Things have changed greatly since then. For a start, there were no guidelines in existence at that time, to the best of my knowledge, about how the role of medical writers should be disclosed. \n\nBut in any case, the question of whether Sally was an author is not straightforward, as it depends very much on your definition of authorship. By the standards generally accepted by medical journals, it doesn't look like she was, especially as she seemed to be seeking guidance from the named authors rather than taking decisions herself.\n\nIt's also not accurate to describe this as a ghostwritten article, as I see that Sally Laden was acknowledged in the published version.", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2010-10-07T17:12:22Z", "lastModified"=>"2010-10-07T17:12:22Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"102407"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>true, "body"=>"As stated previously"}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000335", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSMedicine"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSMedicine", "eIssn"=>"1549-1676", "title"=>"PLOS Medicine"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>2, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2010-10-08T08:58:59Z", "replies"=>[{"type"=>"REPLY", "parentID"=>34577, "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/reply/25e15011-0394-4f92-a9ef-9509050d9ad1", "title"=>"RE: RE: RE: RE: RE: RE: RE: RE: RE: Professional Medical Writers and Publication Ethics", "body"=>"Again, you are going to lose the majority of the academic community when you claim that the person who wrote the first draft of an article, which was changed very little, should not be listed as an author. Mentioning her in the acknowledgment section was simply not doing her justice. You can only say this is not a ghostwritten article by using a very odd defintion of authorship. ", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2010-10-07T19:18:01Z", "lastModified"=>"2010-10-07T19:18:01Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"149289"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>false}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000335", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSMedicine"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSMedicine", "eIssn"=>"1549-1676", "title"=>"PLOS Medicine"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>1, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2010-10-08T08:58:59Z", "replies"=>[{"type"=>"REPLY", "parentID"=>34581, "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/reply/f233f762-8569-4253-a3d4-6aef899af721", "title"=>"RE: RE: RE: RE: RE: RE: RE: RE: RE: RE: Professional Medical Writers and Publication Ethics", "body"=>"Your concerns about definitions of authorship are entirely legitimate, but they are not my definitions, they are the ICMJE definitions.\n\nI'd be interested to know if you are right about the majority of the academic community disagreeing with them. If you are, then they should probably be changed. However, for now at least, the ICMJE criteria are the authorship criteria used by the majority of journal editors.\n\nIf there are others who feel the same way you do, you could try lobbying the ICMJE about it. They do update their guidelines from time to time, and perhaps they would listen.", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2010-10-08T08:58:59Z", "lastModified"=>"2010-10-08T08:58:59Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"102407"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>true, "body"=>"As stated previously"}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000335", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSMedicine"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSMedicine", "eIssn"=>"1549-1676", "title"=>"PLOS Medicine"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>0, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2010-10-08T08:58:59Z", "replies"=>[]}]}]}]}]}]}]}]}]}]}]}
• {"type"=>"COMMENT", "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/annotation/c8517ab5-5a8f-469d-9110-41c8e7811db4", "title"=>"Peer-reviewed?", "body"=>"I am surprised this editorial opinion piece was accepted after peer-reviewed. If published papers were the \"problem\" that \"sold\" HRT, shouldn't the editors and reviewers of the journals bear the most responsibility? Shouldn't the academic experts who put their names on the paper bear the responsibility? What are we saying here? \"It's not my fault\" ? Placing the sole blame on pharma only serve one purpose: to extract money from the most wealthy. I am stunned a highly respected journal like PLoS Med would chose to publish this that has no causality data, yet blatantly declare a unsupported conclusion in its title. Lastly, if guilt by association is sufficient to judge, how do we interpret \"Dr. Fugh-Berman was a paid expert witness on behalf of plaintiffs in the litigation referred to in this paper.\" ?", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2010-09-18T20:18:56Z", "lastModified"=>"2010-09-18T20:18:56Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"169371"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>false}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000335", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSMedicine"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSMedicine", "eIssn"=>"1549-1676", "title"=>"PLOS Medicine"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>0, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2010-09-18T20:18:56Z", "replies"=>[]}
• {"type"=>"COMMENT", "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/annotation/9615f3f1-520f-43cd-a825-8afcab3c26d4", "title"=>"Concerns re: Incomplete \"Competing Interests\" Disclosure", "body"=>"Wyeth has expressed concern to PLoS Medicine regarding the incomplete “competing interests” disclosure in this article, and also has highlighted some important omissions in the article itself. Please see our letter to PLoS Medicine below.\n\n--------------------------------\n\nSeptember 23, 2010\n\nVirginia Barbour\nEditor, PLoS Medicine\nPublic Library of Science\n1160 Battery Street\nKoshland Building East, Suite 100\nSan Francisco, CA 94111\n\nDear Dr. Barbour:\n\nOn behalf of Wyeth, I am writing to raise concerns about Dr. Adriane Fugh-Berman’s September 7, 2010, article for PLoS Medicine. While the article is critical of Wyeth’s past disclosure policies, it fails to disclose the extent of her – and the journal’s own – “competing interests.” We believe PLoS Medicine owes its readers a clarification that fully discloses the nature of the journal’s and Dr. Fugh-Berman’s ties to plaintiffs’ lawyers.\n\nAccording to the article’s “competing interests” disclosure, “Dr. Fugh-Berman was a paid expert witness on behalf of plaintiffs in the litigation referred to in this paper” (emphasis added). In fact, the author still is an expert witness for lawyers representing plaintiffs both in the cases referred to in her article and in at least six active cases. In addition, the company referred to in her article, Wyeth, is a defendant in all of these cases. The omission of these material facts renders the disclosure incomplete and misleading.\n\nFurthermore, PLoS Medicine fails to make any disclosure of its own relationship to plaintiffs’ lawyers. Consider: PLoS Medicine itself has sued Wyeth for access to the documents cited in Dr. Fugh-Berman’s article. Its legal counsel in those matters, Public Justice P.C., is led by many of the same plaintiffs’ lawyers suing Wyeth. These lawyers include Public Justice Secretary Esther Berezofsky and board members Kenneth Suggs, Roberta Ashkin and James Szaller, from whom Dr. Fugh-Berman took “all documentation of ghostwriting” in her paper and whose research served as “an invaluable resource in preparing this paper.”\n\nThe bottom line is that Dr. Fugh-Berman, her article, and PLoS Medicine serve the current and future interests of plaintiffs’ lawyers suing Wyeth. Indeed, the law firm of Public Justice Director Kenneth Suggs wasted no time in filing Dr. Fugh-Berman’s article as evidence in one of its HT cases on September 8 – just one scant day after it was published. \n\nAs to the integrity of the medical articles Dr. Fugh-Berman cites, she could not establish that they contained any inaccuracies or that their authors relinquished control over them. She ignores the fact that the published manuscripts were subject to rigorous peer-review by outside experts on behalf of the medical journals that published them, and that their integrity and scientific rigor have been recognized by multiple courts. For example, in Bailey v. Wyeth, New Jersey Superior Court Judge Jamie Happas wrote on July 11, 2008: “There is no dispute that the articles were subject to a rigorous peer review process and were factually and medically sound.”\n\nWe take the issue of transparency in medical writing very seriously, but plaintiffs’ lawyers are using it in the courtroom to distract jurors from the fundamental facts that (1) our HT products are not responsible for their clients’ breast cancer and (2) science cannot determine what caused or contributed to any individual woman’s breast cancer. Even the National Cancer Institute says on its website, “no one knows the exact causes of breast cancer. Doctors seldom know why one woman develops breast cancer and another doesn't.” Thus, for example, the last jury to reach a verdict in HT litigation – a case involving two plaintiffs in Philadelphia – looked exclusively at the science and found that Wyeth’s hormone medications did not cause the plaintiffs’ breast cancer. This was the second such jury verdict in a row.\n\nTo summarize: The lawyers that represent plaintiffs in HT litigation also direct the law firm that represents PLoS Medicine. These same lawyers continue to name Dr. Fugh-Berman as one of their litigation experts, and they are already using her September 7 article in legal proceedings. Plaintiffs’ lawyers appear to be using PLoS Medicine as an ostensibly independent third party to attack Wyeth as part of their legal strategy. And while criticizing Wyeth for its past disclosure policies, PLoS Medicine and Dr. Fugh-Berman fail to disclose fully the legal and financial relationships they enjoy with these lawyers today.\n\nWe encourage PLoS Medicine and Dr. Fugh-Berman to be more forthcoming about their relationships to plaintiffs’ lawyers involved in HT litigation. More immediately, we believe PLoS Medicine’s disclosures regarding Dr. Fugh-Berman’s “competing interests” with respect to her September 7 article were incomplete and warrant a correction.\n\nSincerely, \n\nHeidi K. Hubbard\nPartner\nWilliams & Connolly, LLP", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2010-09-27T17:22:39Z", "lastModified"=>"2010-09-27T17:22:39Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"145291"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>true, "body"=>"I am posting this comment on Wyeth's behalf."}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000335", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSMedicine"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSMedicine", "eIssn"=>"1549-1676", "title"=>"PLOS Medicine"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>3, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2010-09-29T01:18:32Z", "replies"=>[{"type"=>"REPLY", "parentID"=>13607, "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/reply/695d4413-21ec-4ca1-b343-feb0fa4abfce", "title"=>"RE: Concerns re: Incomplete \"Competing Interests\" Disclosure", "body"=>"PLoS Medicine has a long-standing interest in the practice of ghostwriting, which predates the journal's intervention in the release of documents from the Wyeth Prempro litigation. Our interest is noted in the material relating to the intervention that we posted on our public website (http://www.plosmedicine.org/static/ghostwriting.action), and articles we have published previously on ghostwriting . As we noted in the \"Declaration in Support of PLoS Medicine's Motion to Intervene\" (http://www.plosmedicine.org/static/ghostwritingDeclaration.pdf)\": \"PLoS Medicine has an interest in documenting ghostwriting and its negative effects. We believe that the scientific integrity of any medical journal article depends not just on the quality of the science being reported, but on the honesty and transparency of the authorship.\" And as we concluded: \"PLos Medicine believes that there is now a very strong public health case to be made for unsealing the sealed documents--we have a rare opportunity to make public a documented example of a coordinated ghostwriting campaign.\"\n\nWe intervened in the Prempro case solely because of our interest in unmasking this practice. We have no professional, financial, legal or other relationship with the plaintiffs or their lawyers in any of the cases that Wyeth is defending, or in any other past or ongoing legal case. Specifically, we have received no payment from the plaintiffs or their lawyers. And, none of the lawyers who represented PLoS Medicine in its Motion to Intervene to obtain the documents represent any of the plaintiffs suing Wyeth. \n\nWe have forwarded Wyeth's letter to Dr Fugh Berman for her review and response. Even if she is still an expert witness that would not have affected our decision to publish this article, which not only involved an important topic but also was subjected to rigorous external peer-review. However, in compliance with our strict competing interests disclosure policies, it would have altered the declaration made on the article. We will be happy to augment the declaration if needed in regard to this.\n\nDr Virginia Barbour\nChief Editor, PLoS Medicine\nPublic Library of Science\ne: vbarbour@plos.org", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2010-09-27T21:48:58Z", "lastModified"=>"2010-09-27T21:48:58Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"172479"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>true, "body"=>"I am the Chief Editor of PLoS Medicine"}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000335", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSMedicine"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSMedicine", "eIssn"=>"1549-1676", "title"=>"PLOS Medicine"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>1, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2010-09-29T01:18:32Z", "replies"=>[{"type"=>"REPLY", "parentID"=>34503, "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/reply/ba423200-1ca1-4c40-bb70-62d249f4b491", "title"=>"RE: RE: Concerns re: Incomplete \"Competing Interests\" Disclosure", "body"=>"Unrecognized commercial influence on publications in the medical and scientific literature distorts medical discourse to the detriment of public health. By acting as intervenors in the litigation that brought these fascinating documents to light, PLoS Medicine and The New York Times (notably unmentioned in Wyeth's letter) assisted in bringing to light facts that support the interests of scientific integrity, rational medicine and public health. The disclosure in my article used an incorrect verb tense in reference to my service as a paid expert witness on behalf of the women involved in lawsuits against Wyeth. I have been and currently am an expert witness. However, I received no payment for any part of researching or writing this article. \nAdriane Fugh-Berman MD\nAssociate Professor, Dept. of Physiology\nGeorgetown University Medical Center", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2010-09-29T01:18:32Z", "lastModified"=>"2010-09-29T01:18:32Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"50279"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>true, "body"=>" I am a paid expert witness on behalf of plaintiffs who have brought claims related to the development of breast cancer while taking the menopausal hormone therapy Prempro (conjugated equine estrogens and medroxyprogesterone acetate). I direct PharmedOut (http://pharmedout.org), a Georgetown University-based project founded with public money from the Attorney General Consumer and Prescriber Grant program and currently supported by individual donations."}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000335", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSMedicine"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSMedicine", "eIssn"=>"1549-1676", "title"=>"PLOS Medicine"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>0, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2010-09-29T01:18:32Z", "replies"=>[]}]}, {"type"=>"REPLY", "parentID"=>13607, "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/reply/dcf01ddc-b560-4363-a672-8e7149a273da", "title"=>"RE: Concerns re: Incomplete \"Competing Interests\" Disclosure", "body"=>"Let me make sure I have this right. Wyeth, the company responsible for the Fen-Phen disaster (valvular heart disease, pulmonary hyptertension, $13 billion in legal damages so far) and which has recently been acquired by Pfizer, a three-time felon for illegal marketing and fraud, is in legal trouble yet again for manipulating the medical literature on hormone replacement therapy -- and it is complaining that its critics have undisclosed conflicts of interest? Give me a break. In the long history of corporate PR and damage control, this complaint has to be one of the most ill-conceived efforts on record. If there is any justice in the world, this letter will generate the kind of public backlash against Wyeth that the company so richly deserves.\r\n\r\n", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2010-09-28T13:26:58Z", "lastModified"=>"2010-09-28T13:26:58Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"113089"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>false}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000335", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSMedicine"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSMedicine", "eIssn"=>"1549-1676", "title"=>"PLOS Medicine"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>0, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2010-09-28T13:26:58Z", "replies"=>[]}]}
• {"type"=>"COMMENT", "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/annotation/580371e7-f296-404c-9c0c-5999864f080c", "title"=>"Highly speculative", "body"=>"Is there any evidence for this? This appears simply to be highly speculative extrapolation from a few high-profile but probably unrepresentative cases.", "highlightedText"=>"''Industry-funded marketing messages may infest articles in every medical journal.''\nhttp://plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000335#article1.body1.sec8.p3", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2010-10-01T09:48:14Z", "lastModified"=>"2010-10-01T09:48:14Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"102407"}, "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>true, "body"=>"My company provides professional medical writing services to pharmaceutical companies and other biomedical researchers"}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000335", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSMedicine"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSMedicine", "eIssn"=>"1549-1676", "title"=>"PLOS Medicine"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>0, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2010-10-01T09:48:14Z", "replies"=>[]}
• {"type"=>"COMMENT", "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/annotation/f4666f8c-3284-4dde-8ee4-abee77f0edc2", "title"=>"Separate issues are being confused", "body"=>"This sentence seems to be confusing some quite different concepts. First, ghostwriting. This is the kind of thing described in the rest of the article, in which unacknowledged and hence invisible writers are involved in an article. I don't think any mainstream commentators consider this to be acceptable.\n\n\"Editorial assistance\" is an unfortunate phrase, as it has often been used very loosely in the past. It may mean simply editing an article written by the named authors to improve grammar and the like, or it may mean that a professional writer actually drafted the whole article. In the EMWA guidelines, we specifically discouraged people from using the phrase \"editorial assistance\" in acknowledgements and encouraged a more precise description of the writer's role. It used to be a phrase commonly seen in acknowledgment sections, but seems to be becoming less so.\n\nSo, ghostwriting and editorial assistance are certainly not the same thing. Editorial assistance may be ghostwriting if it is not declared, but provided it is declared in a way that makes it clear what form the assistance took, and of course given that the authors still take responsibility for the content of the article, it is perfectly acceptable, and indeed desirable, given the benefits in reporting quality that professional medical writers can bring to publications (see references in my main comment on this article for evidence of those benefits).", "highlightedText"=>"''Acceptance of ghostwriting, euphemistically termed “editorial assistance,” may be so widespread that it is considered normal.''\nhttp://plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000335#article1.body1.sec8.p3", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2010-10-01T10:03:34Z", "lastModified"=>"2010-10-01T10:03:34Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"102407"}, "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>true, "body"=>"My company provides professional medical writing services to pharmaceutical companies and other biomedical researchers"}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000335", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSMedicine"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSMedicine", "eIssn"=>"1549-1676", "title"=>"PLOS Medicine"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>0, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2010-10-01T10:03:34Z", "replies"=>[]}
• {"type"=>"COMMENT", "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/annotation/0505f57b-ba26-4ccb-90d3-5b6cbdb597f6", "title"=>"More speculation", "body"=>"... or equally, it may be vanishingly rare. That's the thing about something with an unknown prevalence.", "highlightedText"=>"''the practice may be common''\nhttp://plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000335#article1.body1.sec8.p3", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2010-10-01T10:21:27Z", "lastModified"=>"2010-10-01T10:21:27Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"102407"}, "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>true, "body"=>"My company provides professional medical writing services to pharmaceutical companies and other biomedical researchers"}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000335", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSMedicine"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSMedicine", "eIssn"=>"1549-1676", "title"=>"PLOS Medicine"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>0, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2010-10-01T10:21:27Z", "replies"=>[]}
• {"type"=>"COMMENT", "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/annotation/4cd47b72-fadb-4475-b439-b1b018feff14", "title"=>"Deprofessionalization of Medicine - a loss for us all", "body"=>"Many thanks to Adriane J. Fugh-Berman for this timely piece. It is distressing to find that the medical literature, an extremely important resource for the practice of rational medicine, is contaminated. Most problematic, the degree and directions in which it is contaminated are for the most part unknown. \n\nPhysicians who strive to provide the best care for their patients rely on this literature - there is nothing else, aside from anecdotal data and personal experience - both of which can easily mislead one. Some of my own patients may have suffered as a result of the specific skewed HRT literature described here; I am aware of others who have definitely suffered injury as a result.\n\nPreventing further destruction of the utility of the medical literature will likely require the cooperative efforts of academic physicians, medical journals, and editors. Because of the public health implications of a tainted literature, government regulation to prevent or criminalize the types of manipulation described seems reasonable.", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2011-01-04T20:08:53Z", "lastModified"=>"2011-01-04T20:08:53Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"118567"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>false}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000335", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSMedicine"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSMedicine", "eIssn"=>"1549-1676", "title"=>"PLOS Medicine"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>0, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2011-01-04T20:08:53Z", "replies"=>[]}

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• {"id"=>"1279503947787653122", "text"=>"RT @RxISK: .@Med_Shadow Beware of experts trashing WomensHealthInit study &amp; telling us caution=\"hysteria\" http://t.co/1cDEXvXkZH @TheNWHN @…", "created_at"=>"2020-07-04T19:54:47Z", "user"=>"fibroidsupport", "user_name"=>"Fibroid Network UK ??? Fibroids", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/623605362202148864/k6GbmZXq_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"253006919193726976", "text"=>"\"review articles...crucial vehicles for encouraging off-label use, promoting unproven benefits, &amp; downplaying harms\" http://t.co/s55M1iP0", "created_at"=>"2012-10-02T05:42:04Z", "user"=>"jp_mcginnis", "user_name"=>"JP McGinnis", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2210826725/headshot_1_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"253264185985728513", "text"=>"\"Acceptance of ghostwriting, termed “editorial assistance,” may be so widespread that it is considered normal.\" http://t.co/s55M1iP0", "created_at"=>"2012-10-02T22:44:22Z", "user"=>"jp_mcginnis", "user_name"=>"JP McGinnis", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2210826725/headshot_1_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"253264189450252289", "text"=>"“Medicine, as a profession, must take responsibility for this situation. Naïveté is no longer an excuse.” http://t.co/s55M1iP0", "created_at"=>"2012-10-02T22:44:22Z", "user"=>"jp_mcginnis", "user_name"=>"JP McGinnis", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2210826725/headshot_1_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"253264193774571521", "text"=>"read Goldacre's bad pharma article? wonder how the \"selling\" of a drug actually works? here's how it happened for HRT http://t.co/s55M1iP0", "created_at"=>"2012-10-02T22:44:23Z", "user"=>"jp_mcginnis", "user_name"=>"JP McGinnis", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2210826725/headshot_1_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"256217283217731584", "text"=>"I have to tweet this #PLOSMedicine: The Haunting of Medical Journals: How Ghostwriting Sold “HRT” http://t.co/8Oj3pHjd", "created_at"=>"2012-10-11T02:18:55Z", "user"=>"puigabril", "user_name"=>"Eulàlia Puig Abril", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/855965150/lali-web_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"256439153019994113", "text"=>"RT @puigabril: I have to tweet this #PLOSMedicine: The Haunting of Medical Journals: How Ghostwriting Sold “HRT” http://t.co/e6c1XgvU", "created_at"=>"2012-10-11T17:00:33Z", "user"=>"VAJ_Chgo", "user_name"=>"V. A. Johnston", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1870071639/image_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"269794757910347777", "text"=>"http://t.co/eZx27E3X The Haunting of Medical Journals: How Ghostwriting Sold “", "created_at"=>"2012-11-17T13:30:57Z", "user"=>"jun_makino", "user_name"=>"Jun Makino", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2369034009/uddbhvdzjjpa7dk1zkwp_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"269796140709453824", "text"=>"RT @jun_makino: http://t.co/eZx27E3X The Haunting of Medical Journals: How Ghostwriting Sold “", "created_at"=>"2012-11-17T13:36:27Z", "user"=>"KNZ48", "user_name"=>"金王坂兵衛", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2581797803/dropdead_normal.JPG"}
• {"id"=>"270103412400603136", "text"=>"面白い！ The Haunting of Medical Journals: How Ghostwriting Sold ‘‘HRT’’ http://t.co/Wc2CgVRA", "created_at"=>"2012-11-18T09:57:26Z", "user"=>"yamanyan", "user_name"=>"大和雅之", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1998755400/yamanyan_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"270921772143083520", "text"=>"それも http://t.co/z3KhyReZ 製薬会社がデータ出してゴーストライターが論文書いて 研究者の名前借りて発表とかいうの に比べると、、、という気がする", "created_at"=>"2012-11-20T16:09:18Z", "user"=>"jun_makino", "user_name"=>"Jun Makino", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2369034009/uddbhvdzjjpa7dk1zkwp_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"270922441633697793", "text"=>"それも http://t.co/z3KhyReZ 製薬会社がデータ出してゴーストライターが論文書いて 研究者の名前借りて発表とかいうの に比べると、、、という気がする", "created_at"=>"2012-11-20T16:11:58Z", "user"=>"jun_makino", "user_name"=>"Jun Makino", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2369034009/uddbhvdzjjpa7dk1zkwp_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"270923311406522368", "text"=>"RT @jun_makino: それも http://t.co/z3KhyReZ 製薬会社がデータ出してゴーストライターが論文書いて 研究者の名前借りて発表とかいうの に比べると、、、という気がする", "created_at"=>"2012-11-20T16:15:25Z", "user"=>"quinoppie", "user_name"=>"Kino", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1364666534/kino_manga_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"270923400673890304", "text"=>"RT @jun_makino: それも http://t.co/z3KhyReZ 製薬会社がデータ出してゴーストライターが論文書いて 研究者の名前借りて発表とかいうの に比べると、、、という気がする", "created_at"=>"2012-11-20T16:15:46Z", "user"=>"sitesirius", "user_name"=>"Sirius", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2375719472/1kjrnlnbf8kcin6pd76y_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"270932949392830465", "text"=>"RT @jun_makino: それも http://t.co/z3KhyReZ 製薬会社がデータ出してゴーストライターが論文書いて 研究者の名前借りて発表とかいうの に比べると、、、という気がする", "created_at"=>"2012-11-20T16:53:43Z", "user"=>"minadukiG", "user_name"=>"水無月", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/984205412/s-20070919204616637_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"270952469327147009", "text"=>"RT @jun_makino: それも http://t.co/z3KhyReZ 製薬会社がデータ出してゴーストライターが論文書いて 研究者の名前借りて発表とかいうの に比べると、、、という気がする", "created_at"=>"2012-11-20T18:11:17Z", "user"=>"twitaco", "user_name"=>"ついたこ", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1858103604/hako_tako_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"271013533305679873", "text"=>"RT @jun_makino: それも http://t.co/z3KhyReZ 製薬会社がデータ出してゴーストライターが論文書いて 研究者の名前借りて発表とかいうの に比べると、、、という気がする", "created_at"=>"2012-11-20T22:13:56Z", "user"=>"nakatsu28", "user_name"=>"中津川亮", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2836024374/3bdf5b5ac7ec2062d79bbeb94d68e7bc_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"271026751549886464", "text"=>"RT @jun_makino: それも http://t.co/z3KhyReZ 製薬会社がデータ出してゴーストライターが論文書いて 研究者の名前借りて発表とかいうの に比べると、、、という気がする", "created_at"=>"2012-11-20T23:06:27Z", "user"=>"tari_GT", "user_name"=>"tari-G", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/607671136/abcde5_normal.JPG"}
• {"id"=>"271050941682315264", "text"=>"RT @jun_makino: それも http://t.co/z3KhyReZ 製薬会社がデータ出してゴーストライターが論文書いて 研究者の名前借りて発表とかいうの に比べると、、、という気がする", "created_at"=>"2012-11-21T00:42:35Z", "user"=>"odakin", "user_name"=>"Kin-ya Oda", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/51561702/generate_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"271065010430693376", "text"=>"RT @jun_makino: それも http://t.co/z3KhyReZ 製薬会社がデータ出してゴーストライターが論文書いて 研究者の名前借りて発表とかいうの に比べると、、、という気がする", "created_at"=>"2012-11-21T01:38:29Z", "user"=>"toshiiw", "user_name"=>"IWAMOTO Toshihiro", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2126587152/hoge_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"271239483607875586", "text"=>"RT @jun_makino: それも http://t.co/z3KhyReZ 製薬会社がデータ出してゴーストライターが論文書いて 研究者の名前借りて発表とかいうの に比べると、、、という気がする", "created_at"=>"2012-11-21T13:11:46Z", "user"=>"zakinco", "user_name"=>"ザキンコ(木崎貴幸)", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1742990651/20120109141615_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"271580283927678977", "text"=>"RT @jun_makino: それも http://t.co/z3KhyReZ 製薬会社がデータ出してゴーストライターが論文書いて 研究者の名前借りて発表とかいうの に比べると、、、という気がする", "created_at"=>"2012-11-22T11:46:00Z", "user"=>"SciCom_hayashi", "user_name"=>"林 衛", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1186314329/ceirasan_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"430945491182825472", "text"=>"http://t.co/oEOpoDxZ5d", "created_at"=>"2014-02-05T06:06:26Z", "user"=>"novibaizura15", "user_name"=>"novibaizura", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/378800000844003511/c5fc936b9d578060eaa1fc8541df2e16_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"436424024475058176", "text"=>"http://t.co/QTcY8TRFpa", "created_at"=>"2014-02-20T08:56:10Z", "user"=>"henrikBugge", "user_name"=>"henrik Bugge", "user_profile_image"=>"http://abs.twimg.com/sticky/default_profile_images/default_profile_4_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"476678273381175296", "text"=>"The Haunting of Medical Journals: How Ghostwriting Sold “HRT” http://t.co/jUAcwvxHjc #medcomms #AllTrials", "created_at"=>"2014-06-11T10:52:11Z", "user"=>"pharmagossip", "user_name"=>"pharmagossip", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/3530266877/0ddf0b9dd4c99fe39c9ae8638be49dbb_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"476678445964218368", "text"=>"RT @pharmagossip: The Haunting of Medical Journals: How Ghostwriting Sold “HRT” http://t.co/jUAcwvxHjc #medcomms #AllTrials", "created_at"=>"2014-06-11T10:52:52Z", "user"=>"EvavonSchaper", "user_name"=>"Eva von Schaper", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/2485208373/t4o8qbysilsi8c9mkz7l_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"476678848273084416", "text"=>"RT @pharmagossip: The Haunting of Medical Journals: How Ghostwriting Sold “HRT” http://t.co/jUAcwvxHjc #medcomms #AllTrials", "created_at"=>"2014-06-11T10:54:28Z", "user"=>"WhitePeoney", "user_name"=>"coeli", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/2008081128/pix_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"476682109500010496", "text"=>"I wonder how many women got breast cancer as a result of pharma ghost writing on HRT benefits. @DESActionUSA http://t.co/ZTj1lMT85N", "created_at"=>"2014-06-11T11:07:25Z", "user"=>"ellenthoen", "user_name"=>"Ellen 't Hoen", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/2800968387/e511fb8f086d5e2240a1df2def1162d1_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"476691617122770945", "text"=>"RT @pharmagossip: The Haunting of Medical Journals: How Ghostwriting Sold “HRT” http://t.co/jUAcwvxHjc #medcomms #AllTrials", "created_at"=>"2014-06-11T11:45:12Z", "user"=>"MarkJeffery4", "user_name"=>"Mark Jeffery", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/378800000061965869/742df97a28ab5fd1d3a7354270f1a207_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"477005188780154880", "text"=>"#PLOSMedicine: The Haunting of Medical Journals: How Ghostwriting Sold “HRT” http://t.co/utpfkYjGbX http://t.co/AaK9x1rkys", "created_at"=>"2014-06-12T08:31:13Z", "user"=>"JorgeHernnRamre", "user_name"=>"Jorge H. R.", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/473790539133747202/T3qH2Wgi_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"477016825881182208", "text"=>"How a drug is marketed, adverse effects 'eradicated', benefits invented, competition trashed. http://t.co/kOLke0SnRo via @JorgeHernnRamre", "created_at"=>"2014-06-12T09:17:28Z", "user"=>"MickBramham", "user_name"=>"Mick Bramham", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1831105601/Mick-twitter175x175_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"477017616322936832", "text"=>"RT @MickBramham: How a drug is marketed, adverse effects 'eradicated', benefits invented, competition trashed. http://t.co/kOLke0SnRo via @…", "created_at"=>"2014-06-12T09:20:36Z", "user"=>"JorgeHernnRamre", "user_name"=>"Jorge H. R.", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/473790539133747202/T3qH2Wgi_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"477018293380067329", "text"=>"That's some comprehensive article (2010) by Adriane Fugh-Berman on the Wyeth HRT drug marketing &amp; deception campaign http://t.co/kOLke0SnRo", "created_at"=>"2014-06-12T09:23:18Z", "user"=>"MickBramham", "user_name"=>"Mick Bramham", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1831105601/Mick-twitter175x175_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"477018663157919744", "text"=>"RT @MickBramham: How a drug is marketed, adverse effects 'eradicated', benefits invented, competition trashed. http://t.co/kOLke0SnRo via @…", "created_at"=>"2014-06-12T09:24:46Z", "user"=>"BeyondMeds", "user_name"=>"Monica Cassani", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/378800000782738183/be470770e7d0dbac2db38b6f4497043e_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"477220680145321984", "text"=>"RT @MickBramham: How a drug is marketed, adverse effects 'eradicated', benefits invented, competition trashed. http://t.co/kOLke0SnRo via @…", "created_at"=>"2014-06-12T22:47:31Z", "user"=>"agteien", "user_name"=>"Anne Grethe Teien", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1847989481/295894_10150398434756578_723571577_10659735_1808872980_n_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"478540779095609344", "text"=>"RT @MickBramham: How a drug is marketed, adverse effects 'eradicated', benefits invented, competition trashed. http://t.co/kOLke0SnRo via @…", "created_at"=>"2014-06-16T14:13:07Z", "user"=>"Jason_E_Smith", "user_name"=>"Jason E. Smith", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/378800000859457455/FhsXuJg2_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"507218164849991680", "text"=>"#PLOSMedicine: The Haunting of Medical Journals: How Ghostwriting Sold “HRT” http://t.co/Fuk482hooG", "created_at"=>"2014-09-03T17:26:48Z", "user"=>"ChaoticPharma", "user_name"=>"Jorge Ramírez", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/505661931479252993/DTraajWM_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"507416732919934976", "text"=>"RT @ChaoticPharma: #PLOSMedicine: The Haunting of Medical Journals: How Ghostwriting Sold “HRT” http://t.co/Fuk482hooG", "created_at"=>"2014-09-04T06:35:51Z", "user"=>"_atanas_", "user_name"=>"Atanas G. Atanasov", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/506717184760897536/Kh7FYb-R_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"507427744381423616", "text"=>"RT @ChaoticPharma: #PLOSMedicine: The Haunting of Medical Journals: How Ghostwriting Sold “HRT” http://t.co/Fuk482hooG", "created_at"=>"2014-09-04T07:19:36Z", "user"=>"NatMed_Research", "user_name"=>"Nature's Medicines", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/471538960527663104/tzsYWRWY_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"529365041502781443", "text"=>"Ghostwriting and Hormone Therapy @PLOSMedicine @LessIsMoreMed @EBCPMcMaster @helenjaques http://t.co/YfdcAPudUF http://t.co/fvgpBur7gT", "created_at"=>"2014-11-03T20:10:35Z", "user"=>"KariTikkinen", "user_name"=>"Kari Tikkinen", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/524993334649946112/olPOAHfI_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"529691044615421952", "text"=>"RT @KariTikkinen: Ghostwriting and Hormone Therapy @PLOSMedicine @LessIsMoreMed @EBCPMcMaster @helenjaques http://t.co/YfdcAPudUF http://t.…", "created_at"=>"2014-11-04T17:46:00Z", "user"=>"EBCPMcMaster", "user_name"=>"EBCPMcMaster", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/512967778756612096/Su7KgZHM_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"529694654137380864", "text"=>"RT @KariTikkinen: Ghostwriting and Hormone Therapy @PLOSMedicine @LessIsMoreMed @EBCPMcMaster @helenjaques http://t.co/YfdcAPudUF http://t.…", "created_at"=>"2014-11-04T18:00:21Z", "user"=>"MedicosSinMarca", "user_name"=>"Médicos Sin Marca", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/2222563172/tw-jpg_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"529770051759792129", "text"=>"RT @KariTikkinen: Ghostwriting and Hormone Therapy @PLOSMedicine @LessIsMoreMed @EBCPMcMaster @helenjaques http://t.co/YfdcAPudUF http://t.…", "created_at"=>"2014-11-04T22:59:57Z", "user"=>"Safepi", "user_name"=>"Santi", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/474119637626404864/6fOFbVnW_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"535313759469068289", "text"=>"RT @pharmagossip: The Haunting of Medical Journals: How Ghostwriting Sold “HRT” http://t.co/jUAcwvxHjc #medcomms #AllTrials", "created_at"=>"2014-11-20T06:08:40Z", "user"=>"Jor_H_R", "user_name"=>"Jorge Ramírez", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/530634402556940289/vr0gQ4Jr_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"652143923238866944", "text"=>"PLOS Medicine: The Haunting of Medical Journals: How Ghostwriting Sold “HRT” http://t.co/a097l4bAHJ", "created_at"=>"2015-10-08T15:30:02Z", "user"=>"815wrldtrvlr", "user_name"=>"815wrldtrvlr", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/3360841374/ce439388313971a73a5985b665b793f2_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"654680674218053632", "text"=>".@Med_Shadow Beware of experts trashing WomensHealthInit study &amp; telling us caution=\"hysteria\" http://t.co/1cDEXvXkZH @TheNWHN @Pharmed_Out", "created_at"=>"2015-10-15T15:30:10Z", "user"=>"RxISK", "user_name"=>"Data Based Medicine ", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/472074630518157312/SIqFkJ3A_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"654682919328309248", "text"=>"RT @RxISK: .@Med_Shadow Beware of experts trashing WomensHealthInit study &amp; telling us caution=\"hysteria\" http://t.co/1cDEXvXkZH @TheNWHN @…", "created_at"=>"2015-10-15T15:39:06Z", "user"=>"FEDUpRally", "user_name"=>"FED Up! Rally", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/445763921677266944/mAsTJrcR_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"654692173963591680", "text"=>"RT @RxISK: .@Med_Shadow Beware of experts trashing WomensHealthInit study &amp; telling us caution=\"hysteria\" http://t.co/1cDEXvXkZH @TheNWHN @…", "created_at"=>"2015-10-15T16:15:52Z", "user"=>"kimvie", "user_name"=>"SIC", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/501637258290950144/z_Xc45Re_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"654720012825944068", "text"=>"RT @RxISK: .@Med_Shadow Beware of experts trashing WomensHealthInit study &amp; telling us caution=\"hysteria\" http://t.co/1cDEXvXkZH @TheNWHN @…", "created_at"=>"2015-10-15T18:06:29Z", "user"=>"yablonowitz", "user_name"=>"Greg Martin", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/534770600200269824/fvq25hSD_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"654935270043832320", "text"=>"RT @RxISK: .@Med_Shadow Beware of experts trashing WomensHealthInit study &amp; telling us caution=\"hysteria\" http://t.co/1cDEXvXkZH @TheNWHN @…", "created_at"=>"2015-10-16T08:21:51Z", "user"=>"miles_wilma", "user_name"=>"wilma miles", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/540198878717296641/CjW2eCZq_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"656871071908540416", "text"=>"RT @RxISK: .@Med_Shadow Beware of experts trashing WomensHealthInit study &amp; telling us caution=\"hysteria\" http://t.co/1cDEXvXkZH @TheNWHN @…", "created_at"=>"2015-10-21T16:34:02Z", "user"=>"AdaGiudiceTomps", "user_name"=>"Ada GiudiceTompson", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1659086286/perfectpillbottle_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"711339381353623552", "text"=>"#wbtbotw\n\n#PLOSMedicine\n\nThe Haunting of Medical Journals: \nHow Ghostwriting Sold “HRT” \n\nhttps://t.co/pBstFVrZV6", "created_at"=>"2016-03-19T23:51:39Z", "user"=>"KayZed14", "user_name"=>"Kay Zed", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/473352272919789568/44my3rMp_normal.jpeg"}

Wikipedia | Further Information

• {"title"=>"PharmedOut", "url"=>"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PharmedOut", "timestamp"=>"2018-06-25T20:33:27Z"}
• {"title"=>"PLOS Medicine", "url"=>"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PLOS_Medicine", "timestamp"=>"2019-01-04T17:16:40Z"}
• {"title"=>"Hormone replacement therapy", "url"=>"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hormone_replacement_therapy", "timestamp"=>"2019-03-11T11:14:40Z"}
• {"title"=>"Wissenschaft als Opfer von Betrug und Fälschung", "url"=>"http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wissenschaft_als_Opfer_von_Betrug_und_Fälschung", "timestamp"=>"2018-11-24T09:42:45Z"}

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Figshare

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PMC Usage Stats | Further Information

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Relative Metric

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F1000Prime