On the Futility of Screening for Genes That Make You Fat
- Publication Date
- November 01, 2011
- Journal
- PLOS Medicine
- Author
- J. Lennert Veerman
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- e1001114
- DOI
- https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001114
- Publisher URL
- http://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pmed.1001114
- PubMed
- http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22069377
- PubMed Central
- http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3206018
- Europe PMC
- http://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/22069377
- Web of Science
- 000298133100001
- Scopus
- 82455219426
- Mendeley
- http://www.mendeley.com/research/futility-screening-genes-make-fat
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Mendeley | Further Information
{"title"=>"On the futility of screening for genes that make you fat", "authors"=>[{"first_name"=>"J. Lennert", "last_name"=>"Veerman", "scopus_author_id"=>"8222114200"}], "year"=>2011, "source"=>"PLoS Medicine", "identifiers"=>{"issn"=>"15491277", "pui"=>"363017206", "sgr"=>"82455219426", "doi"=>"10.1371/journal.pmed.1001114", "arxiv"=>"http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3206047&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract", "scopus"=>"2-s2.0-82455219426", "isbn"=>"1549-1676 (Electronic)\\n1549-1277 (Linking)", "pmid"=>"22069379"}, "id"=>"52eee453-bf17-3508-bd5d-9cb33f267e85", "abstract"=>"BACKGROUND: The FTO gene harbors the strongest known susceptibility locus for obesity. While many individual studies have suggested that physical activity (PA) may attenuate the effect of FTO on obesity risk, other studies have not been able to confirm this interaction. To confirm or refute unambiguously whether PA attenuates the association of FTO with obesity risk, we meta-analyzed data from 45 studies of adults (n = 218,166) and nine studies of children and adolescents (n = 19,268).\\n\\nMETHODS AND FINDINGS: All studies identified to have data on the FTO rs9939609 variant (or any proxy [r(2)>0.8]) and PA were invited to participate, regardless of ethnicity or age of the participants. PA was standardized by categorizing it into a dichotomous variable (physically inactive versus active) in each study. Overall, 25% of adults and 13% of children were categorized as inactive. Interaction analyses were performed within each study by including the FTO×PA interaction term in an additive model, adjusting for age and sex. Subsequently, random effects meta-analysis was used to pool the interaction terms. In adults, the minor (A-) allele of rs9939609 increased the odds of obesity by 1.23-fold/allele (95% CI 1.20-1.26), but PA attenuated this effect (p(interaction) = 0.001). More specifically, the minor allele of rs9939609 increased the odds of obesity less in the physically active group (odds ratio = 1.22/allele, 95% CI 1.19-1.25) than in the inactive group (odds ratio = 1.30/allele, 95% CI 1.24-1.36). No such interaction was found in children and adolescents.\\n\\nCONCLUSIONS: The association of the FTO risk allele with the odds of obesity is attenuated by 27% in physically active adults, highlighting the importance of PA in particular in those genetically predisposed to obesity.", "link"=>"http://www.mendeley.com/research/futility-screening-genes-make-fat", "reader_count"=>30, "reader_count_by_academic_status"=>{"Unspecified"=>2, "Professor > Associate Professor"=>2, "Researcher"=>9, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>2, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>3, "Student > Postgraduate"=>2, "Student > Master"=>3, "Other"=>2, "Student > Bachelor"=>3, "Professor"=>2}, "reader_count_by_user_role"=>{"Unspecified"=>2, "Professor > Associate Professor"=>2, "Researcher"=>9, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>2, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>3, "Student > Postgraduate"=>2, "Student > Master"=>3, "Other"=>2, "Student > Bachelor"=>3, "Professor"=>2}, "reader_count_by_subject_area"=>{"Unspecified"=>2, "Nursing and Health Professions"=>2, "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>2, "Medicine and Dentistry"=>12, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>6, "Arts and Humanities"=>1, "Sports and Recreations"=>1, "Psychology"=>3, "Computer Science"=>1}, "reader_count_by_subdiscipline"=>{"Medicine and Dentistry"=>{"Medicine and Dentistry"=>12}, "Sports and Recreations"=>{"Sports and Recreations"=>1}, "Psychology"=>{"Psychology"=>3}, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>{"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>6}, "Computer Science"=>{"Computer Science"=>1}, "Nursing and Health Professions"=>{"Nursing and Health Professions"=>2}, "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>{"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>2}, "Unspecified"=>{"Unspecified"=>2}, "Arts and Humanities"=>{"Arts and Humanities"=>1}}, "reader_count_by_country"=>{"United States"=>1, "United Kingdom"=>1, "Mexico"=>1}, "group_count"=>3}CrossRef
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- http://doi.org/10.2174/0929867324666170518095736
- http://doi.org/10.1111/1440-1681.12869
Scopus | Further Information
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Journal Comments | Further Information
- {"type"=>"COMMENT", "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/annotation/0d84986c-a58f-4975-a745-90613b6ca763", "title"=>"Original article did NOT say exercise produces a normal weight", "body"=>"This commentary says, \"genes may predispose to weight gain, but this weight can be lost by extra physical activity.\" The original PLoS Medicine article said nothing of the sort. It said that active adults had a BMI 0.79 units lower than inactive adults, which is nowhere near enough to move an obese person to the normal range. (That takes a minimum of 5 BMI units.) For an adult of average height, 0.79 BMI is about five pounds. In children, the effect of exercise on BMI was not significant at all.\n\nMy personal opinion is that exercise has a huge positive effect on health, but only a very modest effect on weight. The original PLoS Medicine article actually confirms that exercise has only a small effect on weight in adults--and showed no significant effect at all in children. ", "highlightedText"=>"''genes may predispose to weight gain, but this weight can be lost by extra physical activity''\nhttp://plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001114#article1.body1.sec1.p2", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2011-11-02T18:57:46Z", "lastModified"=>"2011-11-02T18:57:46Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"158677"}, "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>false}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001114", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSMedicine"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSMedicine", "eIssn"=>"1549-1676", "title"=>"PLOS Medicine"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>1, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2011-11-03T12:42:27Z", "replies"=>[{"type"=>"REPLY", "parentID"=>1089, "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/reply/b910502b-f915-48f0-9e4f-a02e850d4c18", "title"=>"RE: Original article did NOT say exercise produces a normal weight", "body"=>"\"Original article did NOT say exercise produces a normal weight.\" Well, the commentary did not exactly claim that, either, as it did not state that all weight gain was due to genetic predisposition. FTO doesn't seem to contribute more than 1-2 kg, on average and physical activity (or even just exercise) can certainly reduce weight by that much.\n\nBut I admit that in my thinking I was extrapolating a bit from the evidence in the original paper by Loos and colleagues. I would argue that there are two reasons to think the study underestimates the attenuating effect of PA on the fattening effect of FTO.\n\nFirst, the study suffers from inevitable limitations in the measurement of physical activity (PA). This would lead to a degree of misclassification in exposure variable PA, which would bias the results towards ‘no effect’ – i.e., reduce the attenuating effect PA on BMI that was found (27%).\n\nFurthermore, the study used a dichotomous classification of physical activity, comparing the least active 20% or so with the rest. On average, the 'active' persons probably weren't very active at all. If the degree of attenuation of the weight-enhancing effect of FTO increases with increasing PA in a continuous manner, the gene might not have any measurable effect on BMI at all in the most active 1%.\n\n(To complicate matters, since no adjustment was made for diet, and diet quality correlates with PA, we may actually be talking about the combined effect of the two. I hope for more clarity when actual mechanisms for these associations are found.)", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2011-11-03T12:42:27Z", "lastModified"=>"2011-11-03T12:42:27Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"33521"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>false}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001114", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSMedicine"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSMedicine", "eIssn"=>"1549-1676", "title"=>"PLOS Medicine"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>0, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2011-11-03T12:42:27Z", "replies"=>[]}]}
- {"type"=>"COMMENT", "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/annotation/3bd55144-fa8c-4552-a0f5-57a0d3005e02", "title"=>"Non-sequitur", "body"=>"The last sentence to this otherwise very sensible commentary is a non-sequitur: \"A focus on individual genetic traits is a mere distraction and reinforces the popular view of obesity as a problem that individuals have to deal with, rather than one that requires societal action.\" \n\nGenes vs. diet/exercise does not translate into genes vs. individual vs. societal action. The decision to adopt exercise and a prudent diet is still an individual choice.", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2011-11-30T15:54:04Z", "lastModified"=>"2011-11-30T15:54:04Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"37439"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>false}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001114", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSMedicine"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSMedicine", "eIssn"=>"1549-1676", "title"=>"PLOS Medicine"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>0, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2011-11-30T15:54:04Z", "replies"=>[]}
- {"id"=>"481429310016724992", "text"=>"On the Futility of Screening for Genes That Make You Fat http://t.co/bp8z8yVVAF", "created_at"=>"2014-06-24T13:31:06Z", "user"=>"Mangan150", "user_name"=>"Mangan", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/3258558239/6bc3e5a90e191f6bac5085fae471549c_normal.jpeg"}
- {"id"=>"481448729841373184", "text"=>"Screening for obesity genes is worse than useless, since it changes nothing about either diagnosis or treatment. http://t.co/bp8z8yVVAF", "created_at"=>"2014-06-24T14:48:16Z", "user"=>"Mangan150", "user_name"=>"Mangan", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/3258558239/6bc3e5a90e191f6bac5085fae471549c_normal.jpeg"}
- {"id"=>"481452975252987906", "text"=>"RT @Mangan150: Screening for obesity genes is worse than useless, since it changes nothing about either diagnosis or treatment. http://t.c…", "created_at"=>"2014-06-24T15:05:08Z", "user"=>"timothygmd", "user_name"=>"Timothy", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/2492345004/gz8bnen0oex1smyjrro9_normal.jpeg"}
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- {"month"=>"11", "year"=>"2018", "pdf_views"=>"3", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"7"}
- {"month"=>"12", "year"=>"2018", "pdf_views"=>"0", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"7"}
- {"month"=>"1", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"2", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"5"}
- {"month"=>"2", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"2", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"3"}
- {"month"=>"3", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"3", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"14"}
- {"month"=>"4", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"10", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"2"}
- {"month"=>"5", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"4", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"6"}
- {"month"=>"6", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"3", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"10"}
- {"month"=>"7", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"2", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"6"}
- {"month"=>"8", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"6", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"6"}
- {"month"=>"9", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"6", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"15"}
- {"month"=>"10", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"8", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"8"}
- {"month"=>"11", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"2", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"8"}
- {"month"=>"12", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"5", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"13"}
- {"month"=>"1", "year"=>"2020", "pdf_views"=>"7", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"6"}
- {"month"=>"2", "year"=>"2020", "pdf_views"=>"3", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"7"}
- {"month"=>"3", "year"=>"2020", "pdf_views"=>"15", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"5"}
- {"month"=>"4", "year"=>"2020", "pdf_views"=>"8", "xml_views"=>"2", "html_views"=>"8"}
- {"month"=>"5", "year"=>"2020", "pdf_views"=>"8", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"6"}
- {"month"=>"6", "year"=>"2020", "pdf_views"=>"0", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"4"}
- {"month"=>"7", "year"=>"2020", "pdf_views"=>"8", "xml_views"=>"2", "html_views"=>"5"}
- {"month"=>"8", "year"=>"2020", "pdf_views"=>"4", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"3"}
- {"month"=>"9", "year"=>"2020", "pdf_views"=>"6", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"1"}
- {"month"=>"10", "year"=>"2020", "pdf_views"=>"10", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"4"}
- {"month"=>"11", "year"=>"2020", "pdf_views"=>"12", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"12"}
- {"month"=>"12", "year"=>"2020", "pdf_views"=>"7", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"6"}
- {"month"=>"1", "year"=>"2021", "pdf_views"=>"2", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"0"}
PMC Usage Stats | Further Information
- {"month"=>"11", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "abstract"=>"0", "full-text"=>"52", "year"=>"2011", "pdf"=>"35", "unique-ip"=>"50", "figure"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0"}
- {"scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "month"=>"12", "cited-by"=>"0", "abstract"=>"0", "full-text"=>"29", "unique-ip"=>"24", "pdf"=>"9", "year"=>"2011", "figure"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0"}
- {"scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "month"=>"1", "cited-by"=>"0", "abstract"=>"0", "full-text"=>"9", "unique-ip"=>"10", "pdf"=>"8", "year"=>"2012", "figure"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0"}
- {"month"=>"2", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "abstract"=>"0", "full-text"=>"5", "year"=>"2012", "pdf"=>"4", "unique-ip"=>"6", "figure"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0"}
- {"scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "month"=>"3", "cited-by"=>"0", "abstract"=>"0", "full-text"=>"50", "unique-ip"=>"37", "pdf"=>"16", "year"=>"2012", "figure"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0"}
- {"month"=>"4", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "abstract"=>"0", "full-text"=>"12", "year"=>"2012", "pdf"=>"13", "unique-ip"=>"15", "figure"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0"}
- {"scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "month"=>"5", "cited-by"=>"0", "abstract"=>"0", "full-text"=>"8", "unique-ip"=>"6", "pdf"=>"2", "year"=>"2012", "figure"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0"}
- {"month"=>"6", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "abstract"=>"0", "full-text"=>"6", "year"=>"2012", "pdf"=>"3", "unique-ip"=>"7", "figure"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"7", "full-text"=>"10", "pdf"=>"5", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2012", "month"=>"7"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"7", "full-text"=>"12", "pdf"=>"4", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2012", "month"=>"8"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"5", "full-text"=>"4", "pdf"=>"4", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2012", "month"=>"9"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"14", "full-text"=>"10", "pdf"=>"8", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2012", "month"=>"10"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"5", "full-text"=>"5", "pdf"=>"2", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2012", "month"=>"12"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"7", "full-text"=>"8", "pdf"=>"0", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2013", "month"=>"1"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"5", "full-text"=>"5", "pdf"=>"1", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2013", "month"=>"2"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"9", "full-text"=>"10", "pdf"=>"4", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2013", "month"=>"3"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"7", "full-text"=>"9", "pdf"=>"3", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2013", "month"=>"4"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"9", "full-text"=>"8", "pdf"=>"5", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2012", "month"=>"11"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"1", "full-text"=>"1", "pdf"=>"0", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2013", "month"=>"5"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"11", "full-text"=>"12", "pdf"=>"4", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2013", "month"=>"6"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"5", "full-text"=>"6", "pdf"=>"3", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2013", "month"=>"7"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"5", "full-text"=>"7", "pdf"=>"3", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"2", "year"=>"2013", "month"=>"8"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"10", "full-text"=>"16", "pdf"=>"3", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2013", "month"=>"9"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"3", "full-text"=>"2", "pdf"=>"0", "abstract"=>"2", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2013", "month"=>"10"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"5", "full-text"=>"5", "pdf"=>"0", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2013", "month"=>"11"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"9", "full-text"=>"9", "pdf"=>"2", "abstract"=>"1", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2013", "month"=>"12"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"2", "full-text"=>"2", "pdf"=>"1", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2014", "month"=>"1"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"7", "full-text"=>"6", "pdf"=>"1", "abstract"=>"1", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2014", "month"=>"2"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"10", "full-text"=>"15", "pdf"=>"4", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2014", "month"=>"3"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"4", "full-text"=>"3", "pdf"=>"2", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2014", "month"=>"5"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"1", "full-text"=>"0", "pdf"=>"1", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2014", "month"=>"6"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"7", "full-text"=>"7", "pdf"=>"2", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2014", "month"=>"4"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"2", "full-text"=>"1", "pdf"=>"2", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2014", "month"=>"7"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"4", "full-text"=>"4", "pdf"=>"1", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2014", "month"=>"8"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"3", "full-text"=>"3", "pdf"=>"1", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2014", "month"=>"9"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"18", "full-text"=>"13", "pdf"=>"9", "abstract"=>"2", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2014", "month"=>"10"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"8", "full-text"=>"12", "pdf"=>"0", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"1", "year"=>"2014", "month"=>"11"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"8", "full-text"=>"9", "pdf"=>"2", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2014", "month"=>"12"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"12", "full-text"=>"13", "pdf"=>"2", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2015", "month"=>"1"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"7", "full-text"=>"6", "pdf"=>"1", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2015", "month"=>"2"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"11", "full-text"=>"62", "pdf"=>"3", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2015", "month"=>"3"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"4", "full-text"=>"5", "pdf"=>"1", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2015", "month"=>"4"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"10", "full-text"=>"11", "pdf"=>"6", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2015", "month"=>"5"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"6", "full-text"=>"9", "pdf"=>"1", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"1", "year"=>"2015", "month"=>"6"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"6", "full-text"=>"8", "pdf"=>"2", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2015", "month"=>"7"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"7", "full-text"=>"12", "pdf"=>"2", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2015", "month"=>"8"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"13", "full-text"=>"14", "pdf"=>"3", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2015", "month"=>"9"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"13", "full-text"=>"42", "pdf"=>"4", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"1", "year"=>"2015", "month"=>"10"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"16", "full-text"=>"25", "pdf"=>"8", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2015", "month"=>"11"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"7", "full-text"=>"9", "pdf"=>"1", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2015", "month"=>"12"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"6", "full-text"=>"7", "pdf"=>"1", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2016", "month"=>"1"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"6", "full-text"=>"6", "pdf"=>"2", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2016", "month"=>"2"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"7", "full-text"=>"8", "pdf"=>"1", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2016", "month"=>"3"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"83", "full-text"=>"106", "pdf"=>"1", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2016", "month"=>"4"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"3", "full-text"=>"3", "pdf"=>"2", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2016", "month"=>"5"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"19", "full-text"=>"23", "pdf"=>"0", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2016", "month"=>"6"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"5", "full-text"=>"4", "pdf"=>"1", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2016", "month"=>"7"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"2", "full-text"=>"2", "pdf"=>"0", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2016", "month"=>"8"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"8", "full-text"=>"12", "pdf"=>"1", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"1", "year"=>"2016", "month"=>"9"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"6", "full-text"=>"8", "pdf"=>"2", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2016", "month"=>"10"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"18", "full-text"=>"22", "pdf"=>"2", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2016", "month"=>"11"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"9", "full-text"=>"13", "pdf"=>"3", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2016", "month"=>"12"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"10", "full-text"=>"12", "pdf"=>"0", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2017", "month"=>"1"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"5", "full-text"=>"9", "pdf"=>"1", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2017", "month"=>"2"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"8", "full-text"=>"11", "pdf"=>"1", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2017", "month"=>"3"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"7", "full-text"=>"9", "pdf"=>"0", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2017", "month"=>"4"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"6", "full-text"=>"7", "pdf"=>"0", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"1", "year"=>"2017", "month"=>"5"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"5", "full-text"=>"5", "pdf"=>"2", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2017", "month"=>"6"}
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Relative Metric
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