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{"title"=>"Classification of Rhinoentomophthoromycosis into Atypical, Early, Intermediate, and Late Disease: A Proposal", "type"=>"generic", "authors"=>[{"first_name"=>"Christian G.", "last_name"=>"Blumentrath", "scopus_author_id"=>"57191500796"}, {"first_name"=>"Martin P.", "last_name"=>"Grobusch", "scopus_author_id"=>"7004891682"}, {"first_name"=>"Pierre Blaise", "last_name"=>"Matsiégui", "scopus_author_id"=>"35458609800"}, {"first_name"=>"Friedrich", "last_name"=>"Pahlke", "scopus_author_id"=>"6507214031"}, {"first_name"=>"Rella", "last_name"=>"Zoleko-Manego", "scopus_author_id"=>"56384492500"}, {"first_name"=>"Solange", "last_name"=>"Nzenze-Aféne", "scopus_author_id"=>"12795077500"}, {"first_name"=>"Barthélemy", "last_name"=>"Mabicka", "scopus_author_id"=>"56951034300"}, {"first_name"=>"Maurizio", "last_name"=>"Sanguinetti", "scopus_author_id"=>"7102603341"}, {"first_name"=>"Peter G.", "last_name"=>"Kremsner", "scopus_author_id"=>"35459833700"}, {"first_name"=>"Frieder", "last_name"=>"Schaumburg", "scopus_author_id"=>"37665895300"}], "year"=>2015, "source"=>"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases", "identifiers"=>{"scopus"=>"2-s2.0-84946575387", "sgr"=>"84946575387", "issn"=>"19352735", "doi"=>"10.1371/journal.pntd.0003984", "pmid"=>"26426120", "pui"=>"606696916"}, "id"=>"7a8c1811-891e-3816-b732-fdebca6319ad", "abstract"=>"BACKGROUND: Rhinoentomophthoromycosis, or rhino-facial conidiobolomycosis, is a rare, grossly disfiguring disease due to an infection with entomophthoralean fungi. We report a case of rhinoentomophthoromycosis from Gabon and suggest a staging system, which provides information on the prognosis and duration of antifungal therapy. METHODS: We present a case of rhinoentomophthoromycosis including the histopathology, mycology, and course of disease. For the suggested staging system, all cases on confirmed rhinoentomophthoromycosis published in the literature without language restriction were eligible. Exclusion criteria were missing data on (i) duration of disease before correct diagnosis, (ii) outcome, and (iii) confirmation of entomophthoralean fungus infection by histopathology and/or mycology. We classified cases into atypical (orbital cellulitis, severe pain, fever, dissemination), early, intermediate, and late disease based on the duration of symptoms before diagnosis. The outcome was evaluated for each stage of disease. FINDINGS: The literature search of the Medpilot database was conducted on January 13, 2014, (updated on January 18, 2015). The search yielded 8,333 results including 198 cases from 117 papers; of these, 145 met our inclusion criteria and were included in the final analysis. Median duration of treatment was 4, 3, 4, and 5 months in atypical, early, intermediate, and late disease, respectively. Cure rates were clearly associated with stage of disease and were 57%, 100%, 82%, and 43% in atypical, early, intermediate, and late disease, respectively. CONCLUSION: We suggest a clinical staging system that underlines the benefit of early case detection and may guide the duration of antifungal treatment. The scientific value of this classification is its capacity to structure and harmonize the clinical and research approach towards rhinoentomophthoromycosis.", "link"=>"http://www.mendeley.com/research/classification-rhinoentomophthoromycosis-atypical-early-intermediate-late-disease-proposal", "reader_count"=>6, "reader_count_by_academic_status"=>{"Professor > Associate Professor"=>1, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>1, "Student > Postgraduate"=>2, "Other"=>1, "Student > Master"=>1}, "reader_count_by_user_role"=>{"Professor > Associate Professor"=>1, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>1, "Student > Postgraduate"=>2, "Other"=>1, "Student > Master"=>1}, "reader_count_by_subject_area"=>{"Engineering"=>1, "Medicine and Dentistry"=>5}, "reader_count_by_subdiscipline"=>{"Engineering"=>{"Engineering"=>1}, "Medicine and Dentistry"=>{"Medicine and Dentistry"=>5}}, "group_count"=>0}

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• http://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00014-18
• http://doi.org/10.1111/eve.13367
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.amsu.2020.07.013
• http://doi.org/10.1177/1066896918767552
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2016.04.005
• http://doi.org/10.1007/s12281-020-00401-7
• http://doi.org/10.1111/eve.13392
• http://doi.org/10.4103/ijo.IJO_1436_19

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Figshare

• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/2295945"], "description"=>"<p>(A) In early disease (cure rate: 100%) patients complain about rhinitis, intermittent epistaxis, nasal obstruction, or sinus pain. A nodule at the nostrils indicates invasion into the subcutaneous fat. Tissue invasion follows anatomical barriers causing facial tumefaction. (B) History of the disease of not more than 12 months is classified as intermediate disease (cure rate: 82%). (C) In late disease, patients present with facial deformity (cure rate: 43%). Patients with facial elephantiasis, as defined by Choon et al., might have an even poorer prognosis (cure rate: 37.5%) [<a href=\"http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003984#pntd.0003984.ref002\" target=\"_blank\">2</a>].</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["rhinoentomophthoromycosi", "case detection", "research approach", "198 cases", "Proposal BackgroundRhinoentomophthoromycosis", "5 months", "entomophthoralean fungus infection", "117 papers", "disfiguring disease", "Medpilot database", "antifungal therapy.MethodsWe", "inclusion criteria", "disease.FindingsThe literature search", "cure rates", "Median duration", "entomophthoralean fungi", "exclusion criteria", "language restriction", "antifungal treatment"], "article_id"=>1562058, "categories"=>["Uncategorised"], "users"=>["Christian G. Blumentrath", "Martin P. Grobusch", "Pierre-Blaise Matsiegui", "Friedrich Pahlke", "Rella Zoleko-Manego", "Solange Nzenze-Aféne", "Barthélemy Mabicka", "Maurizio Sanguinetti", "Peter G. Kremsner", "Frieder Schaumburg"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003984.g001", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>1, "page_views"=>37, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Typical_course_of_rhinoentomophthoromycosis_/1562058", "title"=>"Typical course of rhinoentomophthoromycosis.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2015-10-01 03:38:10"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/2295961"], "description"=>"<p>(A) The patient is shown as a healthy young adult. (B) Before treatment (month 0). (C) After treatment with fluconazole and terbinafine (month 18). (D) After 14 months without therapy (month 32).</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["rhinoentomophthoromycosi", "case detection", "research approach", "198 cases", "Proposal BackgroundRhinoentomophthoromycosis", "5 months", "entomophthoralean fungus infection", "117 papers", "disfiguring disease", "Medpilot database", "antifungal therapy.MethodsWe", "inclusion criteria", "disease.FindingsThe literature search", "cure rates", "Median duration", "entomophthoralean fungi", "exclusion criteria", "language restriction", "antifungal treatment"], "article_id"=>1562067, "categories"=>["Uncategorised"], "users"=>["Christian G. Blumentrath", "Martin P. Grobusch", "Pierre-Blaise Matsiegui", "Friedrich Pahlke", "Rella Zoleko-Manego", "Solange Nzenze-Aféne", "Barthélemy Mabicka", "Maurizio Sanguinetti", "Peter G. Kremsner", "Frieder Schaumburg"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003984.g002", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>4, "page_views"=>14, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Portrait_of_the_patient_before_during_and_after_treatment_/1562067", "title"=>"Portrait of the patient before, during and after treatment.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2015-10-01 03:38:10"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/2295965"], "description"=>"<p>Histopathological picture of hyphae of Entomophthorales after KOH-staining (A), after hematoxylin eosin stain (HE-stain) (B and C), and after Grocott-Gomori's methenamine silver stain (GMS-stain) (D). The pauci-septated, right-angled branching fungal hyphae have an irregular diameter of 5–12 μm with drumstick-like distended ends (A). The “Splendore-Hoeppli phenomenon” is characterized by a peri-hyphal amorphous eosinophilic material (B). Fungal hyphae are visible in transversal (C) or longitudinal cuts (D).</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["rhinoentomophthoromycosi", "case detection", "research approach", "198 cases", "Proposal BackgroundRhinoentomophthoromycosis", "5 months", "entomophthoralean fungus infection", "117 papers", "disfiguring disease", "Medpilot database", "antifungal therapy.MethodsWe", "inclusion criteria", "disease.FindingsThe literature search", "cure rates", "Median duration", "entomophthoralean fungi", "exclusion criteria", "language restriction", "antifungal treatment"], "article_id"=>1562071, "categories"=>["Uncategorised"], "users"=>["Christian G. Blumentrath", "Martin P. Grobusch", "Pierre-Blaise Matsiegui", "Friedrich Pahlke", "Rella Zoleko-Manego", "Solange Nzenze-Aféne", "Barthélemy Mabicka", "Maurizio Sanguinetti", "Peter G. Kremsner", "Frieder Schaumburg"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003984.g003", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>2, "page_views"=>23, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Histopathology_/1562071", "title"=>"Histopathology.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2015-10-01 03:38:10"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/2295966"], "description"=>"<p>This algorithm is based on the clinical presentation of suspected/confirmed cases of rhinoentomophthoromycosis and the time since the onset of the first symptoms. The presence of a nodule at the nostril or invasion of facial tissue is the cornerstone to differentiate between early and intermediate disease.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["rhinoentomophthoromycosi", "case detection", "research approach", "198 cases", "Proposal BackgroundRhinoentomophthoromycosis", "5 months", "entomophthoralean fungus infection", "117 papers", "disfiguring disease", "Medpilot database", "antifungal therapy.MethodsWe", "inclusion criteria", "disease.FindingsThe literature search", "cure rates", "Median duration", "entomophthoralean fungi", "exclusion criteria", "language restriction", "antifungal treatment"], "article_id"=>1562072, "categories"=>["Uncategorised"], "users"=>["Christian G. Blumentrath", "Martin P. Grobusch", "Pierre-Blaise Matsiegui", "Friedrich Pahlke", "Rella Zoleko-Manego", "Solange Nzenze-Aféne", "Barthélemy Mabicka", "Maurizio Sanguinetti", "Peter G. Kremsner", "Frieder Schaumburg"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003984.g004", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>7, "page_views"=>164, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Algorithm_for_the_staging_of_rhinoentomophthoromycosis_/1562072", "title"=>"Algorithm for the staging of rhinoentomophthoromycosis.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2015-10-01 03:38:10"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/2295969"], "description"=>"<p>All cases assigned to staging analysis (n = 145) were included in the statistical analysis.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["rhinoentomophthoromycosi", "case detection", "research approach", "198 cases", "Proposal BackgroundRhinoentomophthoromycosis", "5 months", "entomophthoralean fungus infection", "117 papers", "disfiguring disease", "Medpilot database", "antifungal therapy.MethodsWe", "inclusion criteria", "disease.FindingsThe literature search", "cure rates", "Median duration", "entomophthoralean fungi", "exclusion criteria", "language restriction", "antifungal treatment"], "article_id"=>1562075, "categories"=>["Uncategorised"], "users"=>["Christian G. Blumentrath", "Martin P. Grobusch", "Pierre-Blaise Matsiegui", "Friedrich Pahlke", "Rella Zoleko-Manego", "Solange Nzenze-Aféne", "Barthélemy Mabicka", "Maurizio Sanguinetti", "Peter G. Kremsner", "Frieder Schaumburg"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003984.g005", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>3, "page_views"=>20, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Flow_chart_of_the_selection_of_published_cases_on_rhinoentomophthoromycosis_/1562075", "title"=>"Flow chart of the selection of published cases on rhinoentomophthoromycosis.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2015-10-01 03:38:10"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/2295970"], "description"=>"<p>^a Homogeneity was tested using one-way analysis of variance for continuous variables and Chi-square test for categorical variables.</p><p>^b The distribution of age (p = 0.86), mean number of antifungal drugs (p = 0.35), and all pathogens (p = 0.29) among early, intermediate, and late disease (excluding atypical disease) showed homogeneity.</p><p>Characteristics of the study population.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["rhinoentomophthoromycosi", "case detection", "research approach", "198 cases", "Proposal BackgroundRhinoentomophthoromycosis", "5 months", "entomophthoralean fungus infection", "117 papers", "disfiguring disease", "Medpilot database", "antifungal therapy.MethodsWe", "inclusion criteria", "disease.FindingsThe literature search", "cure rates", "Median duration", "entomophthoralean fungi", "exclusion criteria", "language restriction", "antifungal treatment"], "article_id"=>1562076, "categories"=>["Uncategorised"], "users"=>["Christian G. Blumentrath", "Martin P. Grobusch", "Pierre-Blaise Matsiegui", "Friedrich Pahlke", "Rella Zoleko-Manego", "Solange Nzenze-Aféne", "Barthélemy Mabicka", "Maurizio Sanguinetti", "Peter G. Kremsner", "Frieder Schaumburg"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003984.t001", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>1, "page_views"=>13, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Characteristics_of_the_study_population_/1562076", "title"=>"Characteristics of the study population.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>3, "published_date"=>"2015-10-01 03:38:10"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/2295971"], "description"=>"<p>^a The duration of disease can overlap between early and intermediate disease. See <a href=\"http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003984#pntd.0003984.g004\" target=\"_blank\">Fig 4</a> for the definite association of a case to the corresponding stage.</p><p>^b Cure rates in atypical disease could be misleading. The lethality rate (43%) might be more conclusive.</p><p>Suggested staging system of rhinoentomophthoromycosis.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["rhinoentomophthoromycosi", "case detection", "research approach", "198 cases", "Proposal BackgroundRhinoentomophthoromycosis", "5 months", "entomophthoralean fungus infection", "117 papers", "disfiguring disease", "Medpilot database", "antifungal therapy.MethodsWe", "inclusion criteria", "disease.FindingsThe literature search", "cure rates", "Median duration", "entomophthoralean fungi", "exclusion criteria", "language restriction", "antifungal treatment"], "article_id"=>1562077, "categories"=>["Uncategorised"], "users"=>["Christian G. Blumentrath", "Martin P. Grobusch", "Pierre-Blaise Matsiegui", "Friedrich Pahlke", "Rella Zoleko-Manego", "Solange Nzenze-Aféne", "Barthélemy Mabicka", "Maurizio Sanguinetti", "Peter G. Kremsner", "Frieder Schaumburg"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003984.t003", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>4, "page_views"=>30, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Suggested_staging_system_of_rhinoentomophthoromycosis_/1562077", "title"=>"Suggested staging system of rhinoentomophthoromycosis.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>3, "published_date"=>"2015-10-01 03:38:10"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/2295972"], "description"=>"<div><p>Background</p><p>Rhinoentomophthoromycosis, or rhino-facial conidiobolomycosis, is a rare, grossly disfiguring disease due to an infection with entomophthoralean fungi. We report a case of rhinoentomophthoromycosis from Gabon and suggest a staging system, which provides information on the prognosis and duration of antifungal therapy.</p><p>Methods</p><p>We present a case of rhinoentomophthoromycosis including the histopathology, mycology, and course of disease. For the suggested staging system, all cases on confirmed rhinoentomophthoromycosis published in the literature without language restriction were eligible. Exclusion criteria were missing data on (i) duration of disease before correct diagnosis, (ii) outcome, and (iii) confirmation of entomophthoralean fungus infection by histopathology and/or mycology. We classified cases into atypical (orbital cellulitis, severe pain, fever, dissemination), early, intermediate, and late disease based on the duration of symptoms before diagnosis. The outcome was evaluated for each stage of disease.</p><p>Findings</p><p>The literature search of the Medpilot database was conducted on January 13, 2014, (updated on January 18, 2015). The search yielded 8,333 results including 198 cases from 117 papers; of these, 145 met our inclusion criteria and were included in the final analysis. Median duration of treatment was 4, 3, 4, and 5 months in atypical, early, intermediate, and late disease, respectively. Cure rates were clearly associated with stage of disease and were 57%, 100%, 82%, and 43% in atypical, early, intermediate, and late disease, respectively.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>We suggest a clinical staging system that underlines the benefit of early case detection and may guide the duration of antifungal treatment. The scientific value of this classification is its capacity to structure and harmonize the clinical and research approach towards rhinoentomophthoromycosis.</p></div>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["rhinoentomophthoromycosi", "case detection", "research approach", "198 cases", "Proposal BackgroundRhinoentomophthoromycosis", "5 months", "entomophthoralean fungus infection", "117 papers", "disfiguring disease", "Medpilot database", "antifungal therapy.MethodsWe", "inclusion criteria", "disease.FindingsThe literature search", "cure rates", "Median duration", "entomophthoralean fungi", "exclusion criteria", "language restriction", "antifungal treatment"], "article_id"=>1562078, "categories"=>["Uncategorised"], "users"=>["Christian G. Blumentrath", "Martin P. Grobusch", "Pierre-Blaise Matsiegui", "Friedrich Pahlke", "Rella Zoleko-Manego", "Solange Nzenze-Aféne", "Barthélemy Mabicka", "Maurizio Sanguinetti", "Peter G. Kremsner", "Frieder Schaumburg"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003984", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>1, "page_views"=>25, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Classification_of_Rhinoentomophthoromycosis_into_Atypical_Early_Intermediate_and_Late_Disease_A_Proposal_/1562078", "title"=>"Classification of Rhinoentomophthoromycosis into Atypical, Early, Intermediate, and Late Disease: A Proposal", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>3, "published_date"=>"2015-10-01 03:38:10"}

PMC Usage Stats | Further Information

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Relative Metric

{"start_date"=>"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z", "end_date"=>"2015-12-31T00:00:00Z", "subject_areas"=>[]}

F1000Prime