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Context-Dependent Effects of Ranaviral Infection on Northern Leopard Frog Life History Traits

Publication Date: October 28, 2010
Journal: PLOS ONE
Authors: Pierre Echaubard, Kevin Little, Bruce Pauli & David Lesbarrères
Volume: 5
Issue: 10
Pages: e13723
DOI: https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0013723
Publisher URL: http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0013723
PubMed: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21060894
PubMed Central: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2965661
Europe PMC: http://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/21060894
Web of Science: 000283573800018
Scopus: 78149448351
Mendeley: http://www.mendeley.com/research/contextdependent-effects-ranaviral-infection-northern-leopard-frog-life-history-traits

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{"title"=>"Context-dependent effects of ranaviral infection on northern leopard frog life history traits", "type"=>"journal", "authors"=>[{"first_name"=>"Pierre", "last_name"=>"Echaubard", "scopus_author_id"=>"16506359600"}, {"first_name"=>"Kevin", "last_name"=>"Little", "scopus_author_id"=>"36910837500"}, {"first_name"=>"Bruce", "last_name"=>"Pauli", "scopus_author_id"=>"35578784100"}, {"first_name"=>"David", "last_name"=>"Lesbarréres", "scopus_author_id"=>"6602356973"}], "year"=>2010, "source"=>"PLoS ONE", "identifiers"=>{"issn"=>"19326203", "pui"=>"359931360", "doi"=>"10.1371/journal.pone.0013723", "sgr"=>"78149448351", "scopus"=>"2-s2.0-78149448351", "isbn"=>"1932-6203", "pmid"=>"21060894"}, "id"=>"af25d68e-a63e-3cfd-bc10-0386ee8f6de0", "abstract"=>"Pathogens have important effects on host life-history traits, but the magnitude of these effects is often strongly context- dependent. The outcome of an interaction between a host and an infectious agent is often associated with the level of stress experienced by the host. Ranavirus causes disease and mortality in amphibian populations in various locations around the world, but most known cases of ranaviral infection have occurred in North America and the United Kingdom. While Ranavirus virulence has been investigated, the outcome of Ranavirus infection has seldom been related to the host environment. In a factorial experiment, we exposed Northern leopard frog (Lithobates pipiens, formerly Rana pipiens) tadpoles to different concentrations of Ranavirus and investigated the effect of host density on certain life-history traits, namely survival, growth rate, developmental stage and number of days from virus exposure to death. Our results suggest a prominent role of density in driving the direction of the interaction between L. pipiens tadpoles and Ranavirus. We showed that increasing animal holding density is detrimental for host fitness as mortality rate is higher, day of death earlier, development longer and growth rate significantly lower in high-density tanks. We observed a linear increase of detrimental effects when Ranavirus doses increased in low-density conditions, with control tadpoles having a significantly higher overall relative fitness. However, this pattern was no longer observed in high-density conditions, where the effects of increasing Ranavirus dose were limited. Infected and control animals fitness were consequently similar. We speculate that the host may eventually diverts the energy required for a metabolic/immune response triggered by the infection (i.e., direct costs of the infection) to better cope with the increase in environmental ‘‘stress’’ associated with high density (i.e., indirect benefits of the infection). Our results illustrate how the net fitness of organisms may be shaped by ecological context and emphasize the necessity of examining the direct/indirect costs and benefits balance to fully understand host-pathogen interactions", "link"=>"http://www.mendeley.com/research/contextdependent-effects-ranaviral-infection-northern-leopard-frog-life-history-traits", "reader_count"=>56, "reader_count_by_academic_status"=>{"Professor > Associate Professor"=>2, "Librarian"=>1, "Researcher"=>11, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>2, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>14, "Student > Postgraduate"=>1, "Student > Master"=>11, "Other"=>4, "Student > Bachelor"=>5, "Lecturer"=>2, "Professor"=>3}, "reader_count_by_user_role"=>{"Professor > Associate Professor"=>2, "Librarian"=>1, "Researcher"=>11, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>2, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>14, "Student > Postgraduate"=>1, "Student > Master"=>11, "Other"=>4, "Student > Bachelor"=>5, "Lecturer"=>2, "Professor"=>3}, "reader_count_by_subject_area"=>{"Unspecified"=>1, "Environmental Science"=>6, "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>2, "Nursing and Health Professions"=>1, "Materials Science"=>1, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>40, "Medicine and Dentistry"=>2, "Earth and Planetary Sciences"=>1, "Economics, Econometrics and Finance"=>1, "Veterinary Science and Veterinary Medicine"=>1}, "reader_count_by_subdiscipline"=>{"Materials Science"=>{"Materials Science"=>1}, "Medicine and Dentistry"=>{"Medicine and Dentistry"=>2}, "Earth and Planetary Sciences"=>{"Earth and Planetary Sciences"=>1}, "Economics, Econometrics and Finance"=>{"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"=>1}, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>{"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>40}, "Nursing and Health Professions"=>{"Nursing and Health Professions"=>1}, "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>{"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>2}, "Unspecified"=>{"Unspecified"=>1}, "Environmental Science"=>{"Environmental Science"=>6}, "Veterinary Science and Veterinary Medicine"=>{"Veterinary Science and Veterinary Medicine"=>1}}, "reader_count_by_country"=>{"Canada"=>1, "Romania"=>1, "United States"=>2, "Mexico"=>1, "France"=>1}, "group_count"=>4}

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Figshare 1601 Apr 13:51 UTC

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{"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/821135"], "description"=>"Mortality rate (A), day of death (B) developmental stage (C) and growth rate (D). Letters indicate grouping based on observed means in homogeneous subsets. Significant differences (α = 0.05) between means imply grouping in different subsets (a or b) are based on a Tukey post hoc test.", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["tadpole", "animals", "exposed"], "article_id"=>491500, "categories"=>["Infectious Diseases", "Virology", "Evolutionary Biology"], "users"=>["Pierre Echaubard", "Kevin Little", "Bruce Pauli", "David Lesbarrères"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0013723.g001", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>9, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Interactions_between_tadpole_density_and_exposure_dose_Dose_1_low_dose_Dose_2_medium_dose_Dose_3_high_dose_control_animals_were_not_exposed_to_Ranavirus_/491500", "title"=>"Interactions between tadpole density and exposure dose (Dose 1 = low dose, Dose 2 = medium dose, Dose 3 = high dose; control animals were not exposed to Ranavirus).", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2010-10-28 00:25:00"}
{"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/409484"], "description"=>"<div>Pathogens have important effects on host life-history traits, but the magnitude of these effects is often strongly context-dependent. The outcome of an interaction between a host and an infectious agent is often associated with the level of stress experienced by the host. Ranavirus causes disease and mortality in amphibian populations in various locations around the world, but most known cases of ranaviral infection have occurred in North America and the United Kingdom. While Ranavirus virulence has been investigated, the outcome of Ranavirus infection has seldom been related to the host environment. In a factorial experiment, we exposed Northern leopard frog (Lithobates pipiens, formerly Rana pipiens) tadpoles to different concentrations of Ranavirus and investigated the effect of host density on certain life-history traits, namely survival, growth rate, developmental stage and number of days from virus exposure to death. Our results suggest a prominent role of density in driving the direction of the interaction between L. pipiens tadpoles and Ranavirus. We showed that increasing animal holding density is detrimental for host fitness as mortality rate is higher, day of death earlier, development longer and growth rate significantly lower in high-density tanks. We observed a linear increase of detrimental effects when Ranavirus doses increased in low-density conditions, with control tadpoles having a significantly higher overall relative fitness. However, this pattern was no longer observed in high-density conditions, where the effects of increasing Ranavirus dose were limited. Infected and control animals fitness were consequently similar. We speculate that the host may eventually diverts the energy required for a metabolic/immune response triggered by the infection (i.e., direct costs of the infection) to better cope with the increase in environmental “stress” associated with high density (i.e., indirect benefits of the infection). Our results illustrate how the net fitness of organisms may be shaped by ecological context and emphasize the necessity of examining the direct/indirect costs and benefits balance to fully understand host-pathogen interactions.</div>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["context-dependent", "effects", "ranaviral", "leopard", "frog", "traits"], "article_id"=>140874, "categories"=>["Cancer", "Evolutionary Biology"], "users"=>["Pierre Echaubard", "Kevin Little", "Bruce Pauli", "David Lesbarrères"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0013723", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>1, "page_views"=>6, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/Context_Dependent_Effects_of_Ranaviral_Infection_on_Northern_Leopard_Frog_Life_History_Traits/140874", "title"=>"Context-Dependent Effects of Ranaviral Infection on Northern Leopard Frog Life History Traits", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>3, "published_date"=>"2010-10-28 00:14:34"}

PMC Usage Stats 76517 Feb 15:24 UTC

PMC Usage Stats | Further Information

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Relative Metric 57922412 Apr 19:53 UTC

Relative Metric

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F1000Prime24 Feb 12:02 UTC

F1000Prime

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