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{"title"=>"Vprotein: Identifying optimal amino acid complements from plant-based foods", "type"=>"journal", "authors"=>[{"first_name"=>"Peter J.", "last_name"=>"Woolf", "scopus_author_id"=>"7006942293"}, {"first_name"=>"Leeann L.", "last_name"=>"Fu", "scopus_author_id"=>"49061199300"}, {"first_name"=>"Avik", "last_name"=>"Basu", "scopus_author_id"=>"56643844300"}], "year"=>2011, "source"=>"PLoS ONE", "identifiers"=>{"pui"=>"361682384", "sgr"=>"79955538817", "pmid"=>"21526128", "scopus"=>"2-s2.0-79955538817", "isbn"=>"1932-6203", "doi"=>"10.1371/journal.pone.0018836", "issn"=>"19326203"}, "id"=>"f1ec7093-b553-3aed-9fa3-47f3a8e79c02", "abstract"=>"BACKGROUND: Indispensible amino acids (IAAs) are used by the body in different proportions. Most animal-based foods provide these IAAs in roughly the needed proportions, but many plant-based foods provide different proportions of IAAs. To explore how these plant-based foods can be better used in human nutrition, we have created the computational tool vProtein to identify optimal food complements to satisfy human protein needs. METHODS: vProtein uses 1251 plant-based foods listed in the United States Department of Agriculture standard release 22 database to determine the quantity of each food or pair of foods required to satisfy human IAA needs as determined by the 2005 daily recommended intake. The quantity of food in a pair is found using a linear programming approach that minimizes total calories, total excess IAAs, or the total weight of the combination. RESULTS: For single foods, vProtein identifies foods with particularly balanced IAA patterns such as wheat germ, quinoa, and cauliflower. vProtein also identifies foods with particularly unbalanced IAA patterns such as macadamia nuts, degermed corn products, and wakame seaweed. Although less useful alone, some unbalanced foods provide unusually good complements, such as Brazil nuts to legumes. Interestingly, vProtein finds no statistically significant bias toward grain/legume pairings for protein complementation. These analyses suggest that pairings of plant-based foods should be based on the individual foods themselves instead of based on broader food group-food group pairings. Overall, the most efficient pairings include sweet corn/tomatoes, apple/coconut, and sweet corn/cherry. The top pairings also highlight the utility of less common protein sources such as the seaweeds laver and spirulina, pumpkin leaves, and lambsquarters. From a public health perspective, many of the food pairings represent novel, low cost food sources to combat malnutrition. Full analysis results are available online at http://www.foodwiki.com/vprotein.", "link"=>"http://www.mendeley.com/research/vprotein-identifying-optimal-amino-acid-complements-plantbased-foods", "reader_count"=>38, "reader_count_by_academic_status"=>{"Unspecified"=>1, "Professor > Associate Professor"=>1, "Librarian"=>1, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>4, "Researcher"=>5, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>9, "Student > Postgraduate"=>3, "Student > Master"=>5, "Other"=>1, "Student > Bachelor"=>7, "Professor"=>1}, "reader_count_by_user_role"=>{"Unspecified"=>1, "Professor > Associate Professor"=>1, "Librarian"=>1, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>4, "Researcher"=>5, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>9, "Student > Postgraduate"=>3, "Student > Master"=>5, "Other"=>1, "Student > Bachelor"=>7, "Professor"=>1}, "reader_count_by_subject_area"=>{"Engineering"=>10, "Unspecified"=>1, "Nursing and Health Professions"=>1, "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>1, "Medicine and Dentistry"=>4, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>16, "Arts and Humanities"=>1, "Philosophy"=>1, "Chemistry"=>2, "Social Sciences"=>1}, "reader_count_by_subdiscipline"=>{"Engineering"=>{"Engineering"=>10}, "Medicine and Dentistry"=>{"Medicine and Dentistry"=>4}, "Chemistry"=>{"Chemistry"=>2}, "Social Sciences"=>{"Social Sciences"=>1}, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>{"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>16}, "Nursing and Health Professions"=>{"Nursing and Health Professions"=>1}, "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>{"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>1}, "Unspecified"=>{"Unspecified"=>1}, "Arts and Humanities"=>{"Arts and Humanities"=>1}, "Philosophy"=>{"Philosophy"=>1}}, "reader_count_by_country"=>{"Latvia"=>1, "Brazil"=>1, "Slovenia"=>1}, "group_count"=>2}

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• http://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-011-1547-x
• http://doi.org/10.1007/s13668-019-00293-1
• http://doi.org/10.1590/1678-9865201932e180129
• http://doi.org/10.3390/nu10030360
• http://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-019-00882-4
• http://doi.org/10.4103/2278-019X.101293
• http://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-016-0974-5
• http://doi.org/10.1038/cr.2017.124
• http://doi.org/10.1111/jfbc.12508
• http://doi.org/10.4018/IJARPHM.2019010104
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2013.05.005
• http://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-food-032818-121128

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• {"type"=>"COMMENT", "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/annotation/f259652c-909e-4564-aae0-0d807cb60572", "title"=>"Why would we as a private company publish these results for free?", "body"=>"A common question we are receiving is why did Foodwiki publish both this paper and the vProtein website free of charge and advertising. Our goal in doing this work was to create an impartial demonstration of applied nutritional informatics--one of the first of its kind. \n\nWe do not intend to charge for access to the site, nor sell products or data from this site, but instead use the site as a proof of concept.\n\nThe site uses only open access USDA data and is freely accessible so that we can demonstrate some of the capabilities of our organization. At the same time, our goal is to help people make more informed food choices using a science based approach.\n\nIf you have ideas, questions, or requests, please contact us! \n", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2011-04-26T19:17:17Z", "lastModified"=>"2011-04-26T19:17:17Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"112495"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>true, "body"=>"I am the CEO of Foodwiki LLC, and an author on the paper"}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0018836", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSONE"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSONE", "eIssn"=>"1932-6203", "title"=>"PLOS ONE"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>0, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2011-04-26T19:17:17Z", "replies"=>[]}

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• {"id"=>"454291367511220224", "text"=>"Review of plant #Protein sources: http://t.co/LOTMGaO2Li", "created_at"=>"2014-04-10T16:14:37Z", "user"=>"GDMPotter", "user_name"=>"Greg Potter", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/378800000739505202/2629c05df78db67b1590c9319ab2ab53_normal.jpeg"}

Wikipedia | Further Information

• {"title"=>"Essential amino acid", "url"=>"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essential_amino_acid", "timestamp"=>"2019-03-08T10:31:54Z"}
• {"title"=>"Protein combining", "url"=>"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_combining", "timestamp"=>"2019-02-27T09:02:12Z"}

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Figshare

• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/391652", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/391678", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/391703", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/391716", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/391810", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/391899"], "description"=>"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Indispensible amino acids (IAAs) are used by the body in different proportions. Most animal-based foods provide these IAAs in roughly the needed proportions, but many plant-based foods provide different proportions of IAAs. To explore how these plant-based foods can be better used in human nutrition, we have created the computational tool vProtein to identify optimal food complements to satisfy human protein needs.</p> <h3>Methods</h3><p>vProtein uses 1251 plant-based foods listed in the United States Department of Agriculture standard release 22 database to determine the quantity of each food or pair of foods required to satisfy human IAA needs as determined by the 2005 daily recommended intake. The quantity of food in a pair is found using a linear programming approach that minimizes total calories, total excess IAAs, or the total weight of the combination.</p> <h3>Results</h3><p>For single foods, vProtein identifies foods with particularly balanced IAA patterns such as wheat germ, quinoa, and cauliflower. vProtein also identifies foods with particularly unbalanced IAA patterns such as macadamia nuts, degermed corn products, and wakame seaweed. Although less useful alone, some unbalanced foods provide unusually good complements, such as Brazil nuts to legumes.</p> <p>Interestingly, vProtein finds no statistically significant bias toward grain/legume pairings for protein complementation. These analyses suggest that pairings of plant-based foods should be based on the individual foods themselves instead of based on broader food group-food group pairings. Overall, the most efficient pairings include sweet corn/tomatoes, apple/coconut, and sweet corn/cherry. The top pairings also highlight the utility of less common protein sources such as the seaweeds laver and spirulina, pumpkin leaves, and lambsquarters. From a public health perspective, many of the food pairings represent novel, low cost food sources to combat malnutrition. Full analysis results are available online at <a href=\"http://www.foodwiki.com/vprotein\">http://www.foodwiki.com/vprotein</a>.</p> </div>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["identifying", "optimal", "amino", "complements", "plant-based", "foods"], "article_id"=>137352, "categories"=>["Cancer", "Biochemistry", "Information And Computing Sciences", "Mathematics", "Physiology", "Biological Sciences"], "users"=>["Peter J. Woolf", "Leeann L. Fu", "Avik Basu"], "doi"=>["https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0018836.s001", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0018836.s002", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0018836.s003", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0018836.s004", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0018836.s005", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0018836.s006"], "stats"=>{"downloads"=>13, "page_views"=>9, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/vProtein_Identifying_Optimal_Amino_Acid_Complements_from_Plant_Based_Foods/137352", "title"=>"vProtein: Identifying Optimal Amino Acid Complements from Plant-Based Foods", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>4, "published_date"=>"2011-04-22 02:02:32"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/781139"], "description"=>"<p>Top single foods with the most unbalanced IAA pattern resulting in the lowest IAA efficiencies.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["foods", "unbalanced", "iaa", "resulting", "lowest"], "article_id"=>451508, "categories"=>["Biochemistry", "Infectious Diseases", "Information And Computing Sciences", "Mathematics", "Physiology", "Biological Sciences"], "users"=>["Peter J. Woolf", "Leeann L. Fu", "Avik Basu"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0018836.t002", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>1, "page_views"=>4, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Top_single_foods_with_the_most_unbalanced_IAA_pattern_resulting_in_the_lowest_IAA_efficiencies_/451508", "title"=>"Top single foods with the most unbalanced IAA pattern resulting in the lowest IAA efficiencies.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>3, "published_date"=>"2011-04-22 00:25:08"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/781168"], "description"=>"<p>In some cases, single foods (denoted by a ** in the alternate entry) outperformed food pairs. Note these tables are summaries of the larger list on the vProtein website (<a href=\"http://www.foodwiki.com/vprotein\" target=\"_blank\">http://www.foodwiki.com/vprotein</a>).</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["pairings", "combinations", "maximize", "iaa"], "article_id"=>451537, "categories"=>["Biochemistry", "Infectious Diseases", "Information And Computing Sciences", "Mathematics", "Physiology", "Biological Sciences"], "users"=>["Peter J. Woolf", "Leeann L. Fu", "Avik Basu"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0018836.t003", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>3, "page_views"=>32, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Ranked_top_food_pairings_based_on_combinations_that_minimize_total_calories_maximize_IAA_efficiency_and_minimize_total_weight_/451537", "title"=>"Ranked top food pairings based on combinations that minimize total calories, maximize IAA efficiency, and minimize total weight.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>3, "published_date"=>"2011-04-22 00:25:37"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/781083"], "description"=>"<p>Note that the optimial pairing (B) is balanced in that all of the amino acids contribute to the biological value, while the suboptimal pairings (A,C, and D) are unbalanced in that there are excess amino acids (6, 2, and 1 units respectively) that do not contribute to the biological value.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["simplifed", "complementation", "hypothetical", "amino", "acids"], "article_id"=>451450, "categories"=>["Biochemistry", "Infectious Diseases", "Information And Computing Sciences", "Mathematics", "Physiology", "Biological Sciences"], "users"=>["Peter J. Woolf", "Leeann L. Fu", "Avik Basu"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0018836.g001", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>1, "page_views"=>7, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_A_simplifed_example_of_complementation_with_three_hypothetical_amino_acids_vertical_axis_/451450", "title"=>"A simplifed example of complementation with three hypothetical amino acids (vertical axis).", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2011-04-22 00:24:10"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/781196"], "description"=>"<p>Top single foods with the most balanced IAA patterns resulting in the highest IAA efficiencies.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["foods", "iaa", "patterns", "resulting", "highest"], "article_id"=>451569, "categories"=>["Biochemistry", "Infectious Diseases", "Information And Computing Sciences", "Mathematics", "Physiology", "Biological Sciences"], "users"=>["Peter J. Woolf", "Leeann L. Fu", "Avik Basu"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0018836.t001", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>1, "page_views"=>4, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Top_single_foods_with_the_most_balanced_IAA_patterns_resulting_in_the_highest_IAA_efficiencies_/451569", "title"=>"Top single foods with the most balanced IAA patterns resulting in the highest IAA efficiencies.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>3, "published_date"=>"2011-04-22 00:26:09"}

PMC Usage Stats | Further Information

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Relative Metric

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F1000Prime