Amplification by PCR Artificially Reduces the Proportion of the Rare Biosphere in Microbial Communities
- Publication Date
- January 11, 2012
- Journal
- PLOS ONE
- Authors
- Juan M. Gonzalez, Maria C. Portillo, Pedro Belda Ferre & Alex Mira
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- e29973
- DOI
- https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0029973
- Publisher URL
- http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0029973
- PubMed
- http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22253843
- PubMed Central
- http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3256211
- Europe PMC
- http://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/22253843
- Web of Science
- 000301355700070
- Scopus
- 84855692788
- Mendeley
- http://www.mendeley.com/research/amplification-pcr-artificially-reduces-proportion-rare-biosphere-microbial-communities
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Mendeley | Further Information
{"title"=>"Amplification by PCR artificially reduces the proportion of the rare biosphere in microbial communities", "type"=>"journal", "authors"=>[{"first_name"=>"Juan M.", "last_name"=>"Gonzalez", "scopus_author_id"=>"56808320000"}, {"first_name"=>"Maria C.", "last_name"=>"Portillo", "scopus_author_id"=>"26646979800"}, {"first_name"=>"Pedro", "last_name"=>"Belda-Ferre", "scopus_author_id"=>"41761038000"}, {"first_name"=>"Alex", "last_name"=>"Mira", "scopus_author_id"=>"7004449568"}], "year"=>2012, "source"=>"PLoS ONE", "identifiers"=>{"scopus"=>"2-s2.0-84855692788", "doi"=>"10.1371/journal.pone.0029973", "sgr"=>"84855692788", "isbn"=>"1932-6203 (Electronic)\\r1932-6203 (Linking)", "pmid"=>"22253843", "issn"=>"19326203", "pui"=>"364073936"}, "id"=>"ed0f5080-0f59-34c5-bae2-afd9269b50fb", "abstract"=>"The microbial world has been shown to hold an unimaginable diversity. The use of rRNA genes and PCR amplification to assess microbial community structure and diversity present biases that need to be analyzed in order to understand the risks involved in those estimates. Herein, we show that PCR amplification of specific sequence targets within a community depends on the fractions that those sequences represent to the total DNA template. Using quantitative, real-time, multiplex PCR and specific Taqman probes, the amplification of 16S rRNA genes from four bacterial species within a laboratory community were monitored. Results indicate that the relative amplification efficiency for each bacterial species is a nonlinear function of the fraction that each of those taxa represent within a community or multispecies DNA template. Consequently, the low-proportion taxa in a community are under-represented during PCR-based surveys and a large number of sequences might need to be processed to detect some of the bacterial taxa within the 'rare biosphere'. The structure of microbial communities from PCR-based surveys is clearly biased against low abundant taxa which are required to decipher the complete extent of microbial diversity in nature.", "link"=>"http://www.mendeley.com/research/amplification-pcr-artificially-reduces-proportion-rare-biosphere-microbial-communities", "reader_count"=>165, "reader_count_by_academic_status"=>{"Unspecified"=>3, "Professor > Associate Professor"=>5, "Researcher"=>43, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>8, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>57, "Student > Postgraduate"=>6, "Student > Master"=>18, "Other"=>9, "Student > Bachelor"=>4, "Lecturer"=>1, "Lecturer > Senior Lecturer"=>1, "Professor"=>10}, "reader_count_by_user_role"=>{"Unspecified"=>3, "Professor > Associate Professor"=>5, "Researcher"=>43, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>8, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>57, "Student > Postgraduate"=>6, "Student > Master"=>18, "Other"=>9, "Student > Bachelor"=>4, "Lecturer"=>1, "Lecturer > Senior Lecturer"=>1, "Professor"=>10}, "reader_count_by_subject_area"=>{"Unspecified"=>9, "Engineering"=>6, "Environmental Science"=>14, "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>6, "Mathematics"=>1, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>115, "Medicine and Dentistry"=>6, "Business, Management and Accounting"=>1, "Physics and Astronomy"=>1, "Computer Science"=>1, "Immunology and Microbiology"=>4, "Earth and Planetary Sciences"=>1}, "reader_count_by_subdiscipline"=>{"Engineering"=>{"Engineering"=>6}, "Medicine and Dentistry"=>{"Medicine and Dentistry"=>6}, "Physics and Astronomy"=>{"Physics and Astronomy"=>1}, "Immunology and Microbiology"=>{"Immunology and Microbiology"=>4}, "Earth and Planetary Sciences"=>{"Earth and Planetary Sciences"=>1}, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>{"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>115}, "Computer Science"=>{"Computer Science"=>1}, "Business, Management and Accounting"=>{"Business, Management and Accounting"=>1}, "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>{"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>6}, "Mathematics"=>{"Mathematics"=>1}, "Unspecified"=>{"Unspecified"=>9}, "Environmental Science"=>{"Environmental Science"=>14}}, "reader_count_by_country"=>{"United States"=>13, "Japan"=>1, "United Kingdom"=>2, "Spain"=>7, "Canada"=>2, "Netherlands"=>1, "Sweden"=>1, "Belgium"=>1, "Norway"=>1, "Brazil"=>2, "Denmark"=>2, "Mexico"=>3, "Slovenia"=>1, "Chile"=>1, "France"=>2, "Germany"=>1, "Estonia"=>1}, "group_count"=>10}CrossRef
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Scopus | Further Information
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- {"id"=>"237917251519541248", "text"=>"\"rare biosphere\" = rare PCR, see http://t.co/i6vBrzBn", "created_at"=>"2012-08-21T14:21:07Z", "user"=>"frovalera", "user_name"=>"Francisco R-Valera", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1282572574/yo_en_lab_normal.JPG"}
- {"id"=>"257028292614430720", "text"=>"細菌4種の16Sの増幅を追跡 Amplification by PCR Artificially Reduces the Proportion of the Rare Biosphere in Microbial Communities http://t.co/h41Fkuc8", "created_at"=>"2012-10-13T08:01:34Z", "user"=>"copypasteusa", "user_name"=>"copypasteusa", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2592195558/cmxond5kyuoomqhaf16f_normal.jpeg"}
- {"id"=>"307937381770731520", "text"=>"#PLOSONE: Amplification by PCR Artificially Reduces the Proportion of the Rare Biosphere in Microbial Communities http://t.co/wSIqg2Z2bu", "created_at"=>"2013-03-02T19:36:07Z", "user"=>"GuiomeNicolas", "user_name"=>"Guillaume Nicolas", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1999642272/IMG_1153_normal.JPG"}
- {"id"=>"636557794347470848", "text"=>"@MikeyJ @micro_interactn This is so important! PCR is biased against templates <1-5%, see: http://t.co/hrlONT7c3M https://t.co/eyViH4gqSi", "created_at"=>"2015-08-26T15:16:19Z", "user"=>"KlassenLab", "user_name"=>"Jonathan Klassen", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/3646045844/592d1e7e3213d41bfa24aa3e75c27aa7_normal.jpeg"}
- {"id"=>"636561410043064320", "text"=>"RT @KlassenLab: @MikeyJ @micro_interactn This is so important! PCR is biased against templates <1-5%, see: http://t.co/hrlONT7c3M https://t…", "created_at"=>"2015-08-26T15:30:41Z", "user"=>"MikeyJ", "user_name"=>"Mike Cox", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/619782944652152832/eG_SmB8Z_normal.jpg"}
- {"id"=>"847115192408457216", "text"=>"@sarahmhird This paper suggests that any OTU <1-5% ish has abundances that are strongly skewed. https://t.co/hrlONT7c3M", "created_at"=>"2017-03-29T15:56:15Z", "user"=>"KlassenLab", "user_name"=>"Jonathan Klassen", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/3646045844/592d1e7e3213d41bfa24aa3e75c27aa7_normal.jpeg"}
- {"id"=>"847563719190204419", "text"=>"RT @KlassenLab: @sarahmhird This paper suggests that any OTU <1-5% ish has abundances that are strongly skewed. https://t.co/hrlONT7c3M", "created_at"=>"2017-03-30T21:38:32Z", "user"=>"charlesmbridges", "user_name"=>"Charles M Bridges", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/841680966355693568/_s5WlTv8_normal.jpg"}
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- {"month"=>"3", "year"=>"2017", "pdf_views"=>"8", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"68"}
- {"month"=>"4", "year"=>"2017", "pdf_views"=>"7", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"69"}
- {"month"=>"5", "year"=>"2017", "pdf_views"=>"3", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"26"}
- {"month"=>"6", "year"=>"2017", "pdf_views"=>"20", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"46"}
- {"month"=>"7", "year"=>"2017", "pdf_views"=>"3", "xml_views"=>"3", "html_views"=>"30"}
- {"month"=>"8", "year"=>"2017", "pdf_views"=>"15", "xml_views"=>"2", "html_views"=>"35"}
- {"month"=>"9", "year"=>"2017", "pdf_views"=>"10", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"25"}
- {"month"=>"10", "year"=>"2017", "pdf_views"=>"4", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"40"}
- {"month"=>"11", "year"=>"2017", "pdf_views"=>"7", "xml_views"=>"2", "html_views"=>"56"}
- {"month"=>"12", "year"=>"2017", "pdf_views"=>"4", "xml_views"=>"3", "html_views"=>"28"}
- {"month"=>"1", "year"=>"2018", "pdf_views"=>"11", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"29"}
- {"month"=>"2", "year"=>"2018", "pdf_views"=>"10", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"9"}
- {"month"=>"3", "year"=>"2018", "pdf_views"=>"8", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"24"}
- {"month"=>"4", "year"=>"2018", "pdf_views"=>"15", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"19"}
- {"month"=>"5", "year"=>"2018", "pdf_views"=>"8", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"29"}
- {"month"=>"6", "year"=>"2018", "pdf_views"=>"4", "xml_views"=>"2", "html_views"=>"16"}
- {"month"=>"7", "year"=>"2018", "pdf_views"=>"6", "xml_views"=>"4", "html_views"=>"15"}
- {"month"=>"8", "year"=>"2018", "pdf_views"=>"5", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"21"}
- {"month"=>"9", "year"=>"2018", "pdf_views"=>"8", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"24"}
- {"month"=>"10", "year"=>"2018", "pdf_views"=>"13", "xml_views"=>"4", "html_views"=>"30"}
- {"month"=>"11", "year"=>"2018", "pdf_views"=>"10", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"16"}
- {"month"=>"12", "year"=>"2018", "pdf_views"=>"4", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"10"}
- {"month"=>"1", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"7", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"18"}
- {"month"=>"2", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"8", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"12"}
- {"month"=>"3", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"13", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"27"}
- {"month"=>"4", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"15", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"34"}
- {"month"=>"5", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"10", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"36"}
- {"month"=>"6", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"4", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"19"}
- {"month"=>"7", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"5", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"16"}
- {"month"=>"8", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"13", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"14"}
- {"month"=>"9", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"2", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"17"}
- {"month"=>"10", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"11", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"16"}
- {"month"=>"11", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"11", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"15"}
- {"month"=>"12", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"9", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"22"}
- {"month"=>"1", "year"=>"2020", "pdf_views"=>"11", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"19"}
- {"month"=>"2", "year"=>"2020", "pdf_views"=>"7", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"25"}
- {"month"=>"3", "year"=>"2020", "pdf_views"=>"11", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"15"}
- {"month"=>"4", "year"=>"2020", "pdf_views"=>"33", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"21"}
- {"month"=>"5", "year"=>"2020", "pdf_views"=>"10", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"22"}
- {"month"=>"6", "year"=>"2020", "pdf_views"=>"4", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"11"}
- {"month"=>"7", "year"=>"2020", "pdf_views"=>"4", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"20"}
- {"month"=>"8", "year"=>"2020", "pdf_views"=>"9", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"11"}
- {"month"=>"9", "year"=>"2020", "pdf_views"=>"8", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"17"}
- {"month"=>"10", "year"=>"2020", "pdf_views"=>"12", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"20"}
- {"month"=>"11", "year"=>"2020", "pdf_views"=>"10", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"11"}
- {"month"=>"12", "year"=>"2020", "pdf_views"=>"6", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"7"}
- {"month"=>"1", "year"=>"2021", "pdf_views"=>"3", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"17"}
- {"month"=>"2", "year"=>"2021", "pdf_views"=>"3", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"5"}
PMC Usage Stats | Further Information
- {"scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "month"=>"1", "cited-by"=>"0", "abstract"=>"0", "full-text"=>"20", "unique-ip"=>"26", "pdf"=>"14", "year"=>"2012", "figure"=>"8", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0"}
- {"month"=>"2", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "abstract"=>"0", "full-text"=>"37", "year"=>"2012", "pdf"=>"23", "unique-ip"=>"37", "figure"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0"}
- {"scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "month"=>"3", "cited-by"=>"0", "abstract"=>"1", "full-text"=>"23", "unique-ip"=>"25", "pdf"=>"17", "year"=>"2012", "figure"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0"}
- {"month"=>"4", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "abstract"=>"1", "full-text"=>"13", "year"=>"2012", "pdf"=>"13", "unique-ip"=>"13", "figure"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0"}
- {"scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "month"=>"5", "cited-by"=>"0", "abstract"=>"0", "full-text"=>"23", "unique-ip"=>"16", "pdf"=>"8", "year"=>"2012", "figure"=>"9", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0"}
- {"month"=>"6", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "abstract"=>"0", "full-text"=>"25", "year"=>"2012", "pdf"=>"17", "unique-ip"=>"21", "figure"=>"7", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"15", "full-text"=>"13", "pdf"=>"7", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"2", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2012", "month"=>"7"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"12", "full-text"=>"10", "pdf"=>"8", "abstract"=>"1", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"3", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2012", "month"=>"8"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"11", "full-text"=>"11", "pdf"=>"6", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2012", "month"=>"9"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"20", "full-text"=>"15", "pdf"=>"8", "abstract"=>"1", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"1", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2012", "month"=>"10"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"11", "full-text"=>"9", "pdf"=>"8", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2012", "month"=>"12"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"13", "full-text"=>"14", "pdf"=>"7", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2013", "month"=>"1"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"7", "full-text"=>"7", "pdf"=>"4", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2013", "month"=>"3"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"17", "full-text"=>"17", "pdf"=>"8", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2013", "month"=>"2"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"11", "full-text"=>"10", "pdf"=>"7", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"1", "year"=>"2013", "month"=>"4"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"14", "full-text"=>"13", "pdf"=>"11", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"2", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2012", "month"=>"11"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"10", "full-text"=>"6", "pdf"=>"5", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2013", "month"=>"5"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"11", "full-text"=>"10", "pdf"=>"2", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"4", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2013", "month"=>"6"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"7", "full-text"=>"8", "pdf"=>"3", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2013", "month"=>"7"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"7", "full-text"=>"7", "pdf"=>"3", "abstract"=>"1", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"1", "year"=>"2013", "month"=>"8"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"6", "full-text"=>"9", "pdf"=>"1", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2013", "month"=>"9"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"3", "full-text"=>"3", "pdf"=>"0", "abstract"=>"1", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2013", "month"=>"10"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"9", "full-text"=>"9", "pdf"=>"4", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2013", "month"=>"11"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"5", "full-text"=>"9", "pdf"=>"4", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2013", "month"=>"12"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"5", "full-text"=>"5", "pdf"=>"2", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2014", "month"=>"1"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"8", "full-text"=>"7", "pdf"=>"0", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"7", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2014", "month"=>"2"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"9", "full-text"=>"6", "pdf"=>"7", "abstract"=>"1", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"1", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2014", "month"=>"3"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"3", "full-text"=>"3", "pdf"=>"2", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2014", "month"=>"5"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"8", "full-text"=>"5", "pdf"=>"4", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2014", "month"=>"6"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"6", "full-text"=>"4", "pdf"=>"4", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2014", "month"=>"4"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"8", "full-text"=>"8", "pdf"=>"4", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"1", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2015", "month"=>"4"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"9", "full-text"=>"9", "pdf"=>"3", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2015", "month"=>"5"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"4", "full-text"=>"4", "pdf"=>"2", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2015", "month"=>"6"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"7", "full-text"=>"6", "pdf"=>"3", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"4", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2015", "month"=>"7"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"10", "full-text"=>"11", "pdf"=>"4", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"7", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"1", "year"=>"2015", "month"=>"3"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"12", "full-text"=>"9", "pdf"=>"5", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2015", "month"=>"2"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"12", "full-text"=>"10", "pdf"=>"3", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2015", "month"=>"8"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"8", "full-text"=>"18", "pdf"=>"1", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2015", "month"=>"9"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"13", "full-text"=>"13", "pdf"=>"3", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"3", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2015", "month"=>"10"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"6", "full-text"=>"4", "pdf"=>"3", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"2", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2014", "month"=>"7"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"6", "full-text"=>"4", "pdf"=>"3", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2014", "month"=>"8"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"10", "full-text"=>"6", "pdf"=>"3", "abstract"=>"1", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"2", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2014", "month"=>"9"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"13", "full-text"=>"8", "pdf"=>"2", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"1", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"1", "year"=>"2014", "month"=>"10"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"13", "full-text"=>"12", "pdf"=>"2", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"1", "year"=>"2016", "month"=>"2"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"15", "full-text"=>"7", "pdf"=>"4", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"4", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"1", "year"=>"2014", "month"=>"11"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"3", "full-text"=>"1", "pdf"=>"0", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"1", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"1", "year"=>"2014", "month"=>"12"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"8", "full-text"=>"7", "pdf"=>"4", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2015", "month"=>"1"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"21", "full-text"=>"21", "pdf"=>"3", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"1", "year"=>"2015", "month"=>"11"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"6", "full-text"=>"4", "pdf"=>"2", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2015", "month"=>"12"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"16", "full-text"=>"22", "pdf"=>"2", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2016", "month"=>"1"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"17", "full-text"=>"24", "pdf"=>"7", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2016", "month"=>"3"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"12", "full-text"=>"12", "pdf"=>"5", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"2", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2016", "month"=>"4"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"8", "full-text"=>"8", "pdf"=>"2", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2016", "month"=>"5"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"6", "full-text"=>"6", "pdf"=>"2", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2016", "month"=>"6"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"19", "full-text"=>"10", "pdf"=>"10", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"1", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2016", "month"=>"7"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"24", "full-text"=>"8", "pdf"=>"16", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"2", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2016", "month"=>"8"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"8", "full-text"=>"7", "pdf"=>"1", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2016", "month"=>"9"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"14", "full-text"=>"14", "pdf"=>"2", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2016", "month"=>"10"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"8", "full-text"=>"8", "pdf"=>"1", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2016", "month"=>"11"}
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Relative Metric
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