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Stability of Strong Species Interactions Resist the Synergistic Effects of Local and Global Pollution in Kelp Forests

Publication Date: March 16, 2012
Journal: PLOS ONE
Authors: Laura J. Falkenberg, Bayden D. Russell & Sean D. Connell
Volume: 7
Issue: 3
Pages: e33841
DOI: https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0033841
Publisher URL: http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0033841
PubMed: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22439005
PubMed Central: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3306304
Europe PMC: http://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/22439005
Web of Science: 000303309100105
Scopus: 84858402383
Mendeley: http://www.mendeley.com/research/stability-strong-species-interactions-resist-synergistic-effects-local-global-pollution-kelp-forests

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{"title"=>"Stability of strong species interactions resist the synergistic effects of local and global pollution in kelp forests", "type"=>"journal", "authors"=>[{"first_name"=>"Laura J.", "last_name"=>"Falkenberg", "scopus_author_id"=>"32067660600"}, {"first_name"=>"Bayden D.", "last_name"=>"Russell", "scopus_author_id"=>"8712374200"}, {"first_name"=>"Sean D.", "last_name"=>"Connell", "scopus_author_id"=>"7102369890"}], "year"=>2012, "source"=>"PLoS ONE", "identifiers"=>{"scopus"=>"2-s2.0-84858402383", "doi"=>"10.1371/journal.pone.0033841", "sgr"=>"84858402383", "isbn"=>"1553-7404 (Electronic)\\n1553-7390 (Linking)", "pmid"=>"22439005", "issn"=>"19326203", "pui"=>"364461217"}, "id"=>"822c14c3-b3a5-3fb7-8300-e4895f920a37", "abstract"=>"Foundation species, such as kelp, exert disproportionately strong community effects and persist, in part, by dominating taxa that inhibit their regeneration. Human activities which benefit their competitors, however, may reduce stability of communities, increasing the probability of phase-shifts. We tested whether a foundation species (kelp) would continue to inhibit a key competitor (turf-forming algae) under moderately increased local (nutrient) and near-future forecasted global pollution (CO(2)). Our results reveal that in the absence of kelp, local and global pollutants combined to cause the greatest cover and mass of turfs, a synergistic response whereby turfs increased more than would be predicted by adding the independent effects of treatments (kelp absence, elevated nutrients, forecasted CO(2)). The positive effects of nutrient and CO(2) enrichment on turfs were, however, inhibited by the presence of kelp, indicating the competitive effect of kelp was stronger than synergistic effects of moderate enrichment of local and global pollutants. Quantification of physicochemical parameters within experimental mesocosms suggests turf inhibition was likely due to an effect of kelp on physical (i.e. shading) rather than chemical conditions. Such results indicate that while forecasted climates may increase the probability of phase-shifts, maintenance of intact populations of foundation species could enable the continued strength of interactions and persistence of communities.", "link"=>"http://www.mendeley.com/research/stability-strong-species-interactions-resist-synergistic-effects-local-global-pollution-kelp-forests", "reader_count"=>62, "reader_count_by_academic_status"=>{"Professor > Associate Professor"=>1, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>3, "Researcher"=>13, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>18, "Student > Postgraduate"=>3, "Student > Master"=>6, "Other"=>4, "Student > Bachelor"=>9, "Lecturer"=>1, "Lecturer > Senior Lecturer"=>1, "Professor"=>3}, "reader_count_by_user_role"=>{"Professor > Associate Professor"=>1, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>3, "Researcher"=>13, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>18, "Student > Postgraduate"=>3, "Student > Master"=>6, "Other"=>4, "Student > Bachelor"=>9, "Lecturer"=>1, "Lecturer > Senior Lecturer"=>1, "Professor"=>3}, "reader_count_by_subject_area"=>{"Unspecified"=>4, "Environmental Science"=>12, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>38, "Chemistry"=>1, "Social Sciences"=>2, "Earth and Planetary Sciences"=>5}, "reader_count_by_subdiscipline"=>{"Chemistry"=>{"Chemistry"=>1}, "Social Sciences"=>{"Social Sciences"=>2}, "Earth and Planetary Sciences"=>{"Earth and Planetary Sciences"=>5}, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>{"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>38}, "Unspecified"=>{"Unspecified"=>4}, "Environmental Science"=>{"Environmental Science"=>12}}, "reader_count_by_country"=>{"Norway"=>1, "South Africa"=>1, "Mexico"=>1, "United Kingdom"=>1, "France"=>1, "Chile"=>1, "Portugal"=>1, "Spain"=>1}, "group_count"=>4}

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Figshare 408 May 14:12 UTC

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{"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/346629", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/346674", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/346711", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/346758", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/347332", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/347435", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/347501", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/347563"], "description"=>"<div>Foundation species, such as kelp, exert disproportionately strong community effects and persist, in part, by dominating taxa that inhibit their regeneration. Human activities which benefit their competitors, however, may reduce stability of communities, increasing the probability of phase-shifts. We tested whether a foundation species (kelp) would continue to inhibit a key competitor (turf-forming algae) under moderately increased local (nutrient) and near-future forecasted global pollution (CO2). Our results reveal that in the absence of kelp, local and global pollutants combined to cause the greatest cover and mass of turfs, a synergistic response whereby turfs increased more than would be predicted by adding the independent effects of treatments (kelp absence, elevated nutrients, forecasted CO2). The positive effects of nutrient and CO2 enrichment on turfs were, however, inhibited by the presence of kelp, indicating the competitive effect of kelp was stronger than synergistic effects of moderate enrichment of local and global pollutants. Quantification of physicochemical parameters within experimental mesocosms suggests turf inhibition was likely due to an effect of kelp on physical (i.e. shading) rather than chemical conditions. Such results indicate that while forecasted climates may increase the probability of phase-shifts, maintenance of intact populations of foundation species could enable the continued strength of interactions and persistence of communities. </div>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["interactions", "synergistic", "effects", "kelp", "forests"], "article_id"=>128532, "categories"=>["Ecology", "Cell Biology"], "users"=>["Laura J. Falkenberg", "Bayden D. Russell", "Sean D. Connell"], "doi"=>["https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0033841.s001", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0033841.s002", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0033841.s003", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0033841.s004", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0033841.s005", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0033841.s006", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0033841.s007", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0033841.s008"], "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>4, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/Stability_of_Strong_Species_Interactions_Resist_the_Synergistic_Effects_of_Local_and_Global_Pollution_in_Kelp_Forests/128532", "title"=>"Stability of Strong Species Interactions Resist the Synergistic Effects of Local and Global Pollution in Kelp Forests", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>4, "published_date"=>"2012-03-16 02:22:12"}
{"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/666376"], "description"=>"The dry mass of turf-forming algae on natural rock substrate that were transplanted from ambient conditions (as defined in <a href=\"http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0033841#pone-0033841-g001\" target=\"_blank\">Figure 1</a>) to different combinations of Kelp (present v. absent), Nutrients (ambient v. elevated) and CO2 (current v. future).", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["turf-forming", "algae", "substrate", "transplanted", "ambient", "conditions", "defined", "combinations", "kelp", "nutrients"], "article_id"=>336859, "categories"=>["Ecology", "Plant Biology"], "users"=>["Laura J. Falkenberg", "Bayden D. Russell", "Sean D. Connell"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0033841.g003", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>0, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_The_dry_mass_of_turf_forming_algae_on_natural_rock_substrate_that_were_transplanted_from_ambient_conditions_as_defined_in_Figure_1_to_different_combinations_of_Kelp_present_v_absent_Nutrients_ambient_v_elevated_and_CO_2_current_v_future_/336859", "title"=>"The dry mass of turf-forming algae on natural rock substrate that were transplanted from ambient conditions (as defined in Figure 1) to different combinations of Kelp (present v. absent), Nutrients (ambient v. elevated) and CO2 (current v. future).", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2012-03-16 01:54:19"}

PMC Usage Stats 48917 Mar 15:04 UTC

PMC Usage Stats | Further Information

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Relative Metric 27742810 May 16:33 UTC

Relative Metric

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F1000Prime07 Apr 11:13 UTC

F1000Prime

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