Emergence of a Novel Avian Pox Disease in British Tit Species
- Publication Date
- November 21, 2012
- Journal
- PLOS ONE
- Authors
- Becki Lawson, Shelly Lachish, Katie M. Colvile, Chris Durrant, et al
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- e40176
- DOI
- https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0040176
- Publisher URL
- http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0040176
- PubMed
- http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23185231
- PubMed Central
- http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3504035
- Europe PMC
- http://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/23185231
- Web of Science
- 000311821000002
- Scopus
- 84869832045
- Mendeley
- http://www.mendeley.com/research/emergence-novel-avian-pox-disease-british-tit-species
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CiteULike | Further Information
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Mendeley | Further Information
{"title"=>"Emergence of a Novel Avian Pox Disease in British Tit Species", "type"=>"journal", "authors"=>[{"first_name"=>"Becki", "last_name"=>"Lawson", "scopus_author_id"=>"8944571900"}, {"first_name"=>"Shelly", "last_name"=>"Lachish", "scopus_author_id"=>"6507809645"}, {"first_name"=>"Katie M.", "last_name"=>"Colvile", "scopus_author_id"=>"47960923000"}, {"first_name"=>"Chris", "last_name"=>"Durrant", "scopus_author_id"=>"24400620100"}, {"first_name"=>"Kirsi M.", "last_name"=>"Peck", "scopus_author_id"=>"36551501200"}, {"first_name"=>"Mike P.", "last_name"=>"Toms", "scopus_author_id"=>"6602142639"}, {"first_name"=>"Ben C.", "last_name"=>"Sheldon", "scopus_author_id"=>"35481336500"}, {"first_name"=>"Andrew A.", "last_name"=>"Cunningham", "scopus_author_id"=>"7201847229"}], "year"=>2012, "source"=>"PLoS ONE", "identifiers"=>{"pui"=>"366113275", "issn"=>"19326203", "isbn"=>"1932-6203", "doi"=>"10.1371/journal.pone.0040176", "scopus"=>"2-s2.0-84869832045", "pmid"=>"23185231", "sgr"=>"84869832045"}, "id"=>"e1f4f8ad-4b48-30a5-9372-1fe6d9fd006a", "abstract"=>"Avian pox is a viral disease with a wide host range. In Great Britain, avian pox in birds of the Paridae family was first diagnosed in a great tit (Parus major) from south-east England in 2006. An increasing number of avian pox incidents in Paridae have been reported each year since, indicative of an emergent infection. Here, we utilise a database of opportunistic reports of garden bird mortality and morbidity to analyse spatial and temporal patterns of suspected avian pox throughout Great Britain, 2006-2010. Reports of affected Paridae (211 incidents) outnumbered reports in non-Paridae (91 incidents). The majority (90%) of Paridae incidents involved great tits. Paridae pox incidents were more likely to involve multiple individuals (77.3%) than were incidents in non-Paridae hosts (31.9%). Unlike the small wart-like lesions usually seen in non-Paridae with avian pox in Great Britain, lesions in Paridae were frequently large, often with an ulcerated surface and caseous core. Spatial analyses revealed strong clustering of suspected avian pox incidents involving Paridae hosts, but only weak, inconsistent clustering of incidents involving non-Paridae hosts. There was no spatial association between Paridae and non-Paridae incidents. We documented significant spatial spread of Paridae pox from an origin in south-east England; no spatial spread was evident for non-Paridae pox. For both host clades, there was an annual peak of reports in August/September. Sequencing of the avian poxvirus 4b core protein produced an identical viral sequence from each of 20 great tits tested from Great Britain. This sequence was identical to that from great tits from central Europe and Scandinavia. In contrast, sequence variation was evident amongst virus tested from 17 non-Paridae hosts of 5 species. Our findings show Paridae pox to be an emerging infectious disease in wild birds in Great Britain, apparently originating from viral incursion from central Europe or Scandinavia.", "link"=>"http://www.mendeley.com/research/emergence-novel-avian-pox-disease-british-tit-species", "reader_count"=>52, "reader_count_by_academic_status"=>{"Unspecified"=>1, "Professor > Associate Professor"=>4, "Librarian"=>1, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>2, "Researcher"=>7, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>8, "Student > Postgraduate"=>1, "Student > Master"=>17, "Other"=>2, "Student > Bachelor"=>6, "Lecturer"=>1, "Professor"=>2}, "reader_count_by_user_role"=>{"Unspecified"=>1, "Professor > Associate Professor"=>4, "Librarian"=>1, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>2, "Researcher"=>7, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>8, "Student > Postgraduate"=>1, "Student > Master"=>17, "Other"=>2, "Student > Bachelor"=>6, "Lecturer"=>1, "Professor"=>2}, "reader_count_by_subject_area"=>{"Unspecified"=>3, "Environmental Science"=>7, "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>3, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>31, "Medicine and Dentistry"=>1, "Veterinary Science and Veterinary Medicine"=>3, "Business, Management and Accounting"=>1, "Physics and Astronomy"=>1, "Immunology and Microbiology"=>1, "Earth and Planetary Sciences"=>1}, "reader_count_by_subdiscipline"=>{"Medicine and Dentistry"=>{"Medicine and Dentistry"=>1}, "Physics and Astronomy"=>{"Physics and Astronomy"=>1}, "Immunology and Microbiology"=>{"Immunology and Microbiology"=>1}, "Earth and Planetary Sciences"=>{"Earth and Planetary Sciences"=>1}, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>{"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>31}, "Business, Management and Accounting"=>{"Business, Management and Accounting"=>1}, "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>{"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>3}, "Unspecified"=>{"Unspecified"=>3}, "Environmental Science"=>{"Environmental Science"=>7}, "Veterinary Science and Veterinary Medicine"=>{"Veterinary Science and Veterinary Medicine"=>3}}, "reader_count_by_country"=>{"United Kingdom"=>3}, "group_count"=>1}CrossRef
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Europe PMC Database Citations | Further Information
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Journal Comments | Further Information
- {"type"=>"COMMENT", "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/annotation/426fb1f1-a0f1-40ee-94e8-19d52c8bc3e6", "title"=>"Media Coverage of This Article", "body"=>"The following article represents some of the media coverage that has occurred for this paper:\n\nPublication: BBC News \nTitle: “BBC News - Avian pox: Great tit disease 'spread to UK by insects'”\nhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-20425316\n\nIf you see any additional coverage of this paper in the press or blogosphere, please reply to this thread and add the link to the article. \n", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2012-11-30T23:09:24Z", "lastModified"=>"2012-11-30T23:09:24Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"80539"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>true, "body"=>"PLOS ONE Staff"}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0040176", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSONE"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSONE", "eIssn"=>"1932-6203", "title"=>"PLOS ONE"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>1, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2012-12-07T22:02:01Z", "replies"=>[{"type"=>"REPLY", "parentID"=>58611, "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/reply/b7887ac3-69e5-4ac4-9692-f228ea90d8b2", "title"=>"RE: Media Coverage of This Article", "body"=>"The following article represents some of the media coverage that has occurred for this paper:\n\nPublication: Daily Mail \nTitle: “Great tits under threat: Imported strain of avian pox causing life-threatening 'tumours' in the frequent garden visitors | Mail Online”\nhttp://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2236401/Great-tits-threat-Imported-strain-avian-pox-causing-life-threatening-tumours-frequent-garden-visitors.html\n\nPublication: The Telegraph \nTitle: “British birds under threat of new strain of avian pox - Telegraph”\nhttp://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/wildlife/9695030/British-birds-under-threat-of-new-strain-of-avian-pox.html\n\nPublication: The Guardian \nTitle: “Great tits 'more susceptible' to new avian pox than other British birds | Environment | guardian.co.uk”\nhttp://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2012/nov/21/great-tits-avian-pox-birds\n\nIf you see any additional coverage of this paper in the press or blogosphere, please reply to this thread and add the link to the article. \n", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2012-12-07T22:02:01Z", "lastModified"=>"2012-12-07T22:02:01Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"80539"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>true, "body"=>"PLOS ONE Staff"}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0040176", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSONE"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSONE", "eIssn"=>"1932-6203", "title"=>"PLOS ONE"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>0, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2012-12-07T22:02:01Z", "replies"=>[]}]}
- {"type"=>"COMMENT", "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/annotation/045d1196-5900-4774-9cbb-f7cf71baf1f8", "title"=>"Publisher's Note: Error in Author Affiliations", "body"=>"The affiliations for authors Kirsi M. Peck and Mike P. Toms are reversed. \nThe correct affiliation for Kirsi M. Peck is the \"Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, The Lodge, Sandy, Bedfordshire, United Kingdom\".\nThe correct affiliation for Mike P. Toms is the \"British Trust for Ornithology, The Nunnery, Thetford, Norfolk, United Kingdom\". ", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2013-08-01T18:42:55Z", "lastModified"=>"2013-08-01T20:20:12Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"80539"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>false}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0040176", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSONE"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSONE", "eIssn"=>"1932-6203", "title"=>"PLOS ONE"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>0, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2013-08-01T18:42:55Z", "replies"=>[]}
- {"id"=>"271380482359431168", "text"=>"Great tits 'more susceptible' to new avian pox than other British birds http://t.co/sshvt5KV + link to article> http://t.co/R0k8jene #birds", "created_at"=>"2012-11-21T22:32:03Z", "user"=>"GoodmotherMobbs", "user_name"=>"Goodmother Mobbs", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2795247690/642a4daadcc332f6f8e4384fcb4e845d_normal.jpeg"}
- {"id"=>"271564451998756864", "text"=>"Avian pox affecting tit species in the UK potentially spread from Scandanavia or Central Europe by biting insects http://t.co/DzsvtY4Z", "created_at"=>"2012-11-22T10:43:05Z", "user"=>"Leahjw", "user_name"=>"Leah J Williams", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2658379389/37be255bf1e6e703bc21599242402980_normal.jpeg"}
- {"id"=>"271591693189533696", "text"=>"Interested in UK great tit #avianpox outbreak? here are links to articles http://t.co/ubCEMF5k, http://t.co/quxuMahi, http://t.co/qYhDR3PU", "created_at"=>"2012-11-22T12:31:20Z", "user"=>"shellylachish", "user_name"=>"Shelly Lachish", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2733932171/c72598d51393a8e8a01dedcb64bfebee_normal.jpeg"}
- {"id"=>"271595162663284738", "text"=>"#PLOSONE: Emergence of a Novel Avian Pox Disease in British Tit Species http://t.co/lGXHQrrO", "created_at"=>"2012-11-22T12:45:07Z", "user"=>"RhiannonSaraBak", "user_name"=>"Rhiannon Sara Baker", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2597013346/1pyaogbnxx2motkxe0st_normal.jpeg"}
- {"id"=>"271600761127960576", "text"=>"RT @shellylachish: Interested in UK great tit #avianpox outbreak? here are links to articles http://t.co/ubCEMF5k, http://t.co/quxuMahi, http://t.co/qYhDR3PU", "created_at"=>"2012-11-22T13:07:22Z", "user"=>"projectparakeet", "user_name"=>"Hannah Peck", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/630702192/IMG_0723_-_Copy_-_Copy_normal.JPG"}
- {"id"=>"271601441804795904", "text"=>"RT @shellylachish: Interested in UK great tit #avianpox outbreak? here are links to articles http://t.co/ubCEMF5k, http://t.co/quxuMahi, http://t.co/qYhDR3PU", "created_at"=>"2012-11-22T13:10:04Z", "user"=>"Ben_Sheldon_EGI", "user_name"=>"Ben Sheldon", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2579848490/xtlpnzxr91jrym94s6ei_normal.jpeg"}
- {"id"=>"271608718553141248", "text"=>"RT @shellylachish: Interested in UK great tit #avianpox outbreak? articles: http://t.co/nofMVnjf, http://t.co/r53HemVc, http://t.co/IgBafmAk", "created_at"=>"2012-11-22T13:38:59Z", "user"=>"CoopSciScoop", "user_name"=>"Caren Cooper", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2353114425/cooper_pic_normal.jpg"}
- {"id"=>"271940962949943296", "text"=>"New strain of avian pox in UK http://t.co/k3EqJKxv http://t.co/OPurgNGB http://t.co/vFx6MRLQ http://t.co/s3blP2Di\n/…pox http://t.co/1pHqd3zj", "created_at"=>"2012-11-23T11:39:13Z", "user"=>"arkhangellohim", "user_name"=>"Gabriel Trujillo ", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2645216638/2a5e42dff4e9b627127a14833cedc2b7_normal.jpeg"}
- {"id"=>"271971198722781185", "text"=>"Headline gist: ‘Great tits under threat by avian pox strain’\nEg: http://t.co/KOzMXh7A\nResearch: http://t.co/EzBIXZjb", "created_at"=>"2012-11-23T13:39:21Z", "user"=>"ThePapersBehind", "user_name"=>"The Papers Behind…", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2585898049/image_normal.jpg"}
- {"id"=>"469150332367679488", "text"=>"We previously documented the spread of this new form of avian pox among tits in the UK (first appeared in 2006) 2/n\nhttp://t.co/GS46cTdJYo", "created_at"=>"2014-05-21T16:18:50Z", "user"=>"WythamTits", "user_name"=>"Wytham Tit Study", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/450747638837547009/C_vii8-0_normal.jpeg"}
- {"id"=>"664812465813852161", "text"=>"Our previous work on pox in great tits described in these three papers:\n(1) Emergence of the disease in the UK\nhttps://t.co/G5aJ42PRRE", "created_at"=>"2015-11-12T14:30:18Z", "user"=>"WythamTits", "user_name"=>"Wytham Tit Study", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/603608624359936002/nsmgFJnk_normal.jpg"}
- {"id"=>"664814469105778688", "text"=>"RT @WythamTits: Our previous work on pox in great tits described in these three papers:\n(1) Emergence of the disease in the UK\nhttps://t.co…", "created_at"=>"2015-11-12T14:38:15Z", "user"=>"elinamantyla", "user_name"=>"Elina Mäntylä", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/468731863264010241/pEVAa5GU_normal.jpeg"}
- {"id"=>"664866793165594624", "text"=>"RT @WythamTits: Our previous work on pox in great tits described in these three papers:\n(1) Emergence of the disease in the UK\nhttps://t.co…", "created_at"=>"2015-11-12T18:06:10Z", "user"=>"StephenRBaillie", "user_name"=>"Stephen Baillie", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/542801756606832640/4entYpML_normal.jpeg"}
- {"id"=>"664885974074306560", "text"=>"RT @WythamTits: Our previous work on pox in great tits described in these three papers:\n(1) Emergence of the disease in the UK\nhttps://t.co…", "created_at"=>"2015-11-12T19:22:23Z", "user"=>"DuckSwabber", "user_name"=>"Michelle Wille", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/431446000352260096/oCHl-p1G_normal.jpeg"}
- {"id"=>"664936664452702208", "text"=>"RT @WythamTits: Our previous work on pox in great tits described in these three papers:\n(1) Emergence of the disease in the UK\nhttps://t.co…", "created_at"=>"2015-11-12T22:43:49Z", "user"=>"dawnbazely", "user_name"=>"Dawn Bazely", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/661468379505541120/9w92-kC5_normal.png"}
- {"id"=>"718024303753736193", "text"=>"Hmmmm. Avian Pox in Tits https://t.co/oaoaBHzmzq We have a study to seek inspiration from @Guptaurvi1Urvi . wow @btorobrob", "created_at"=>"2016-04-07T10:35:08Z", "user"=>"Nishant_Evo2Eco", "user_name"=>"Nishant Kumar", "user_profile_image"=>"http://abs.twimg.com/sticky/default_profile_images/default_profile_4_normal.png"}
- {"id"=>"730165027752300544", "text"=>"Paper detailing this research here: Lawson et al. (2012) PLOS ONE\nhttps://t.co/VmzZK3lWiV", "created_at"=>"2016-05-10T22:38:03Z", "user"=>"biotweeps", "user_name"=>"Biotweeps", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/729598236772708352/dC4U2u4B_normal.jpg"}
Wikipedia | Further Information
- {"title"=>"Vogelpocken", "url"=>"http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vogelpocken", "timestamp"=>"2017-11-28T07:17:59Z"}
- {"title"=>"Kohlmeise", "url"=>"http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kohlmeise", "timestamp"=>"2019-03-14T13:28:24Z"}
- {"title"=>"File:Avian Pox Great Tit 01.tif", "url"=>"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Avian_Pox_Great_Tit_01.tif", "timestamp"=>"2015-05-24T22:55:48Z"}
- {"title"=>"File:Avian Pox TEM 01.tif", "url"=>"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Avian_Pox_TEM_01.tif", "timestamp"=>"2017-11-18T00:10:14Z"}
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- {"month"=>"3", "year"=>"2013", "pdf_views"=>"9", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"133"}
- {"month"=>"4", "year"=>"2013", "pdf_views"=>"8", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"92"}
- {"month"=>"5", "year"=>"2013", "pdf_views"=>"10", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"96"}
- {"month"=>"6", "year"=>"2013", "pdf_views"=>"11", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"92"}
- {"month"=>"7", "year"=>"2013", "pdf_views"=>"9", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"82"}
- {"month"=>"8", "year"=>"2013", "pdf_views"=>"10", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"89"}
- {"month"=>"9", "year"=>"2013", "pdf_views"=>"11", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"77"}
- {"month"=>"10", "year"=>"2013", "pdf_views"=>"13", "xml_views"=>"2", "html_views"=>"95"}
- {"month"=>"11", "year"=>"2013", "pdf_views"=>"9", "xml_views"=>"2", "html_views"=>"80"}
- {"month"=>"12", "year"=>"2013", "pdf_views"=>"8", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"52"}
- {"month"=>"1", "year"=>"2014", "pdf_views"=>"9", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"70"}
- {"month"=>"2", "year"=>"2014", "pdf_views"=>"13", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"99"}
- {"month"=>"3", "year"=>"2014", "pdf_views"=>"9", "xml_views"=>"3", "html_views"=>"181"}
- {"month"=>"4", "year"=>"2014", "pdf_views"=>"14", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"159"}
- {"month"=>"5", "year"=>"2014", "pdf_views"=>"3", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"132"}
- {"month"=>"6", "year"=>"2014", "pdf_views"=>"7", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"111"}
- {"month"=>"7", "year"=>"2014", "pdf_views"=>"6", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"96"}
- {"month"=>"8", "year"=>"2014", "pdf_views"=>"7", "xml_views"=>"2", "html_views"=>"95"}
- {"month"=>"9", "year"=>"2014", "pdf_views"=>"6", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"112"}
- {"month"=>"10", "year"=>"2014", "pdf_views"=>"10", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"113"}
- {"month"=>"11", "year"=>"2014", "pdf_views"=>"8", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"77"}
- {"month"=>"12", "year"=>"2014", "pdf_views"=>"12", "xml_views"=>"2", "html_views"=>"65"}
- {"month"=>"1", "year"=>"2015", "pdf_views"=>"10", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"107"}
- {"month"=>"2", "year"=>"2015", "pdf_views"=>"4", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"47"}
- {"month"=>"3", "year"=>"2015", "pdf_views"=>"14", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"73"}
- {"month"=>"4", "year"=>"2015", "pdf_views"=>"3", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"23"}
- {"month"=>"5", "year"=>"2015", "pdf_views"=>"8", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"45"}
- {"month"=>"6", "year"=>"2015", "pdf_views"=>"6", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"28"}
- {"month"=>"7", "year"=>"2015", "pdf_views"=>"7", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"54"}
- {"month"=>"8", "year"=>"2015", "pdf_views"=>"5", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"61"}
- {"month"=>"9", "year"=>"2015", "pdf_views"=>"8", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"78"}
- {"month"=>"10", "year"=>"2015", "pdf_views"=>"15", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"81"}
- {"month"=>"11", "year"=>"2015", "pdf_views"=>"6", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"132"}
- {"month"=>"12", "year"=>"2015", "pdf_views"=>"9", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"93"}
- {"month"=>"1", "year"=>"2016", "pdf_views"=>"7", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"101"}
- {"month"=>"2", "year"=>"2016", "pdf_views"=>"3", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"43"}
- {"month"=>"3", "year"=>"2016", "pdf_views"=>"4", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"62"}
- {"month"=>"4", "year"=>"2016", "pdf_views"=>"8", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"51"}
- {"month"=>"5", "year"=>"2016", "pdf_views"=>"7", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"46"}
- {"month"=>"6", "year"=>"2016", "pdf_views"=>"9", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"40"}
- {"month"=>"7", "year"=>"2016", "pdf_views"=>"3", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"20"}
- {"month"=>"8", "year"=>"2016", "pdf_views"=>"9", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"26"}
- {"month"=>"9", "year"=>"2016", "pdf_views"=>"24", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"41"}
- {"month"=>"10", "year"=>"2016", "pdf_views"=>"7", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"42"}
- {"month"=>"11", "year"=>"2016", "pdf_views"=>"5", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"58"}
- {"month"=>"12", "year"=>"2016", "pdf_views"=>"9", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"50"}
- {"month"=>"1", "year"=>"2017", "pdf_views"=>"8", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"56"}
- {"month"=>"2", "year"=>"2017", "pdf_views"=>"1", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"42"}
- {"month"=>"3", "year"=>"2017", "pdf_views"=>"4", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"42"}
- {"month"=>"4", "year"=>"2017", "pdf_views"=>"9", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"43"}
- {"month"=>"5", "year"=>"2017", "pdf_views"=>"5", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"56"}
- {"month"=>"6", "year"=>"2017", "pdf_views"=>"4", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"45"}
- {"month"=>"7", "year"=>"2017", "pdf_views"=>"8", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"41"}
- {"month"=>"8", "year"=>"2017", "pdf_views"=>"6", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"46"}
- {"month"=>"9", "year"=>"2017", "pdf_views"=>"6", "xml_views"=>"2", "html_views"=>"23"}
- {"month"=>"10", "year"=>"2017", "pdf_views"=>"9", "xml_views"=>"2", "html_views"=>"43"}
- {"month"=>"11", "year"=>"2017", "pdf_views"=>"10", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"104"}
- {"month"=>"12", "year"=>"2017", "pdf_views"=>"3", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"36"}
- {"month"=>"1", "year"=>"2018", "pdf_views"=>"5", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"36"}
- {"month"=>"2", "year"=>"2018", "pdf_views"=>"2", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"7"}
- {"month"=>"3", "year"=>"2018", "pdf_views"=>"9", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"32"}
- {"month"=>"4", "year"=>"2018", "pdf_views"=>"9", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"14"}
- {"month"=>"5", "year"=>"2018", "pdf_views"=>"5", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"39"}
- {"month"=>"6", "year"=>"2018", "pdf_views"=>"7", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"39"}
- {"month"=>"7", "year"=>"2018", "pdf_views"=>"3", "xml_views"=>"3", "html_views"=>"8"}
- {"month"=>"8", "year"=>"2018", "pdf_views"=>"5", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"15"}
- {"month"=>"9", "year"=>"2018", "pdf_views"=>"17", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"17"}
- {"month"=>"10", "year"=>"2018", "pdf_views"=>"9", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"26"}
- {"month"=>"11", "year"=>"2018", "pdf_views"=>"12", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"38"}
- {"month"=>"12", "year"=>"2018", "pdf_views"=>"15", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"35"}
- {"month"=>"1", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"3", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"13"}
- {"month"=>"2", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"5", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"15"}
- {"month"=>"3", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"9", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"25"}
- {"month"=>"4", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"22", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"36"}
- {"month"=>"5", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"10", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"27"}
- {"month"=>"6", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"4", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"10"}
- {"month"=>"7", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"11", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"9"}
- {"month"=>"8", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"19", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"30"}
- {"month"=>"9", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"2", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"12"}
- {"month"=>"10", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"15", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"32"}
- {"month"=>"11", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"9", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"43"}
- {"month"=>"12", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"10", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"20"}
- {"month"=>"1", "year"=>"2020", "pdf_views"=>"10", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"19"}
- {"month"=>"2", "year"=>"2020", "pdf_views"=>"13", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"69"}
- {"month"=>"3", "year"=>"2020", "pdf_views"=>"9", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"28"}
- {"month"=>"4", "year"=>"2020", "pdf_views"=>"41", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"50"}
- {"month"=>"5", "year"=>"2020", "pdf_views"=>"36", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"21"}
- {"month"=>"6", "year"=>"2020", "pdf_views"=>"11", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"21"}
- {"month"=>"7", "year"=>"2020", "pdf_views"=>"13", "xml_views"=>"3", "html_views"=>"18"}
- {"month"=>"8", "year"=>"2020", "pdf_views"=>"23", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"25"}
- {"month"=>"9", "year"=>"2020", "pdf_views"=>"12", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"14"}
- {"month"=>"10", "year"=>"2020", "pdf_views"=>"21", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"40"}
- {"month"=>"11", "year"=>"2020", "pdf_views"=>"31", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"40"}
- {"month"=>"12", "year"=>"2020", "pdf_views"=>"21", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"22"}
- {"month"=>"1", "year"=>"2021", "pdf_views"=>"28", "xml_views"=>"2", "html_views"=>"32"}
- {"month"=>"2", "year"=>"2021", "pdf_views"=>"20", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"36"}
- {"month"=>"3", "year"=>"2021", "pdf_views"=>"18", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"36"}
- {"month"=>"4", "year"=>"2021", "pdf_views"=>"6", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"5"}
PMC Usage Stats | Further Information
- {"unique-ip"=>"24", "full-text"=>"22", "pdf"=>"13", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"3", "supp-data"=>"4", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2012", "month"=>"12"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"30", "full-text"=>"31", "pdf"=>"6", "abstract"=>"1", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"19", "supp-data"=>"7", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2013", "month"=>"1"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"28", "full-text"=>"30", "pdf"=>"6", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"11", "supp-data"=>"2", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2013", "month"=>"3"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"15", "full-text"=>"18", "pdf"=>"2", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"6", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2013", "month"=>"2"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"19", "full-text"=>"20", "pdf"=>"7", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"2", "supp-data"=>"1", "cited-by"=>"2", "year"=>"2013", "month"=>"4"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"3", "full-text"=>"4", "pdf"=>"1", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"26", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2012", "month"=>"11"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"22", "full-text"=>"19", "pdf"=>"7", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"5", "supp-data"=>"8", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2013", "month"=>"5"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"21", "full-text"=>"23", "pdf"=>"8", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"7", "supp-data"=>"14", "cited-by"=>"1", "year"=>"2013", "month"=>"6"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"11", "full-text"=>"7", "pdf"=>"6", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"6", "supp-data"=>"9", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2013", "month"=>"7"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"10", "full-text"=>"10", "pdf"=>"3", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"4", "supp-data"=>"7", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2013", "month"=>"8"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"11", "full-text"=>"11", "pdf"=>"1", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"1", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2013", "month"=>"9"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"12", "full-text"=>"13", "pdf"=>"6", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"2", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2013", "month"=>"10"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"20", "full-text"=>"19", "pdf"=>"0", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"11", "supp-data"=>"1", "cited-by"=>"1", "year"=>"2013", "month"=>"11"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"11", "full-text"=>"14", "pdf"=>"5", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2013", "month"=>"12"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"15", "full-text"=>"18", "pdf"=>"1", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"1", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2014", "month"=>"1"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"15", "full-text"=>"16", "pdf"=>"0", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"3", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2014", "month"=>"2"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"27", "full-text"=>"28", "pdf"=>"4", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"7", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2014", "month"=>"3"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"10", "full-text"=>"12", "pdf"=>"1", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"1", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"1", "year"=>"2014", "month"=>"5"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"15", "full-text"=>"26", "pdf"=>"1", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2014", "month"=>"6"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"18", "full-text"=>"23", "pdf"=>"3", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2014", "month"=>"4"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"27", "full-text"=>"43", "pdf"=>"6", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"1", "year"=>"2015", "month"=>"4"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"23", "full-text"=>"25", "pdf"=>"7", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"1", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2015", "month"=>"5"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"46", "full-text"=>"58", "pdf"=>"6", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"2", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2015", "month"=>"6"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"20", "full-text"=>"18", "pdf"=>"5", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"6", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2015", "month"=>"7"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"22", "full-text"=>"27", "pdf"=>"1", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2015", "month"=>"3"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"36", "full-text"=>"38", "pdf"=>"7", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"5", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"1", "year"=>"2015", "month"=>"2"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"22", "full-text"=>"21", "pdf"=>"5", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2015", "month"=>"8"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"19", "full-text"=>"22", "pdf"=>"5", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"2", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2015", "month"=>"9"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"21", "full-text"=>"26", "pdf"=>"2", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"1", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2015", "month"=>"10"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"15", "full-text"=>"13", "pdf"=>"2", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"2", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2014", "month"=>"7"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"23", "full-text"=>"25", "pdf"=>"4", "abstract"=>"1", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"1", "cited-by"=>"1", "year"=>"2014", "month"=>"8"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"24", "full-text"=>"28", "pdf"=>"7", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"1", "supp-data"=>"1", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2014", "month"=>"9"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"30", "full-text"=>"22", "pdf"=>"8", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"3", "supp-data"=>"7", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2014", "month"=>"10"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"17", "full-text"=>"15", "pdf"=>"7", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2016", "month"=>"2"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"31", "full-text"=>"36", "pdf"=>"4", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"1", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2014", "month"=>"11"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"24", "full-text"=>"32", "pdf"=>"3", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2014", "month"=>"12"}
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Relative Metric
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