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{"title"=>"Glutamine Supplementation Stimulates Protein-Synthetic and Inhibits Protein-Degradative Signaling Pathways in Skeletal Muscle of Diabetic Rats", "type"=>"journal", "authors"=>[{"first_name"=>"Adriana C.", "last_name"=>"Lambertucci", "scopus_author_id"=>"55523471400"}, {"first_name"=>"Rafael H.", "last_name"=>"Lambertucci", "scopus_author_id"=>"11639692700"}, {"first_name"=>"Sandro M.", "last_name"=>"Hirabara", "scopus_author_id"=>"6505807603"}, {"first_name"=>"Rui", "last_name"=>"Curi", "scopus_author_id"=>"55066714100"}, {"first_name"=>"Anselmo S.", "last_name"=>"Moriscot", "scopus_author_id"=>"6603191921"}, {"first_name"=>"Tatiana C.", "last_name"=>"Alba-Loureiro", "scopus_author_id"=>"8911659100"}, {"first_name"=>"Lucas", "last_name"=>"Guimarães-Ferreira", "scopus_author_id"=>"36760796900"}, {"first_name"=>"Adriana C.", "last_name"=>"Levada-Pires", "scopus_author_id"=>"14424397300"}, {"first_name"=>"Diogo A.A.", "last_name"=>"Vasconcelos", "scopus_author_id"=>"55357222800"}, {"first_name"=>"Donald F.", "last_name"=>"Sellitti", "scopus_author_id"=>"7004243090"}, {"first_name"=>"Tania C.", "last_name"=>"Pithon-Curi", "scopus_author_id"=>"6603602990"}], "year"=>2012, "source"=>"PLoS ONE", "identifiers"=>{"pui"=>"366273703", "sgr"=>"84871147438", "issn"=>"19326203", "pmid"=>"23239980", "scopus"=>"2-s2.0-84871147438", "doi"=>"10.1371/journal.pone.0050390", "isbn"=>"1932-6203 (Electronic)\\r1932-6203 (Linking)"}, "id"=>"b190fb5d-a71d-346d-9678-01b2d1146b47", "abstract"=>"In this study, we investigated the effect of glutamine (Gln) supplementation on the signaling pathways regulating protein synthesis and protein degradation in the skeletal muscle of rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. The expression levels of key regulatory proteins in the synthetic pathways (Akt, mTOR, GSK3 and 4E-BP1) and the degradation pathways (MuRF-1 and MAFbx) were determined using real-time PCR and Western blotting in four groups of male Wistar rats; 1) control, non-supplemented with glutamine; 2) control, supplemented with glutamine; 3) diabetic, non-supplemented with glutamine; and 4) diabetic, supplemented with glutamine. Diabetes was induced by the intravenous injection of 65 mg/kg bw STZ in citrate buffer (pH 4.2); the non-diabetic controls received only citrate buffer. After 48 hours, diabetes was confirmed in the STZ-treated animals by the determination of blood glucose levels above 200 mg/dL. Starting on that day, a solution of 1 g/kg bw Gln in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) was administered daily via gavage for 15 days to groups 2 and 4. Groups 1 and 3 received only PBS for the same duration. The rats were euthanized, and the soleus muscles were removed and homogenized in extraction buffer for the subsequent measurement of protein and mRNA levels. The results demonstrated a significant decrease in the muscle Gln content in the diabetic rats, and this level increased toward the control value in the diabetic rats receiving Gln. In addition, the diabetic rats exhibited a reduced mRNA expression of regulatory proteins in the protein synthesis pathway and increased expression of those associated with protein degradation. A reduction in the skeletal muscle mass in the diabetic rats was observed and was alleviated partially with Gln supplementation. The data suggest that glutamine supplementation is potentially useful for slowing the progression of muscle atrophy in patients with diabetes.", "link"=>"http://www.mendeley.com/research/glutamine-supplementation-stimulates-proteinsynthetic-inhibits-proteindegradative-signaling-pathways", "reader_count"=>23, "reader_count_by_academic_status"=>{"Librarian"=>1, "Researcher"=>4, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>1, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>3, "Student > Postgraduate"=>4, "Student > Master"=>6, "Student > Bachelor"=>2, "Professor"=>2}, "reader_count_by_user_role"=>{"Librarian"=>1, "Researcher"=>4, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>1, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>3, "Student > Postgraduate"=>4, "Student > Master"=>6, "Student > Bachelor"=>2, "Professor"=>2}, "reader_count_by_subject_area"=>{"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>6, "Nursing and Health Professions"=>1, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>8, "Medicine and Dentistry"=>5, "Sports and Recreations"=>1, "Computer Science"=>1, "Decision Sciences"=>1}, "reader_count_by_subdiscipline"=>{"Medicine and Dentistry"=>{"Medicine and Dentistry"=>5}, "Decision Sciences"=>{"Decision Sciences"=>1}, "Sports and Recreations"=>{"Sports and Recreations"=>1}, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>{"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>8}, "Computer Science"=>{"Computer Science"=>1}, "Nursing and Health Professions"=>{"Nursing and Health Professions"=>1}, "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>{"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>6}}, "reader_count_by_country"=>{"Brazil"=>3, "Portugal"=>1, "Spain"=>1}, "group_count"=>0}

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• {"url"=>"http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.plos.org%2Fplosone%2Farticle%3Fid%3D10.1371%252Fjournal.pone.0050390", "share_count"=>0, "like_count"=>0, "comment_count"=>0, "click_count"=>0, "total_count"=>0}

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• {"type"=>"COMMENT", "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/annotation/a87d4e7a-107b-4707-974f-26d01d4be72d", "title"=>"Data quantification concerns", "body"=>"PLOS ONE staff editors removed a comment on this article due to it not meeting our commenting guidelines (available at http://www.plosone.org/static/commentGuidelines.action#goodpractice). An edited version of the comment is copied below.\n\nMatt Hodgkinson\nAssociate Editor, PLOS ONE\n\n--\n\nData quantification concerns\nPosted by jamesmcd on 08 Jun 2013 at 03:13 GMT\nPlos One disappointed me. This paper has some serious issues with its images […]. \nGiven that the authors have provide one original blot on this correction, I've quantified them. For instance, in the new representative figure 6, the OD for each band are:\nC 39191.522\nC 35009.794\nCD 35190.744\nCD 40882.401\nD 34375.622\nD 27429.501\nDS 31716.886\nDS 16388.329\nThe averages of those OD do not even closely match the graph 6A. Worse yet, they lead to the opposite conclusion. Therefore the figure is not representative, or the graph is wrong. The correct graph for that western blot can be found at http://img580.imageshack.us/img580/1333/fig6arealdata.png. Please notice I kept the spelling error from the original graph, that survived the peer review.That said, the conclusion is biased, and cannot be trusted. In this case, as it has been accepted for publication, the very peer review process from Plos One appears to be questionable\n", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2013-06-19T23:41:39Z", "lastModified"=>"2013-06-19T23:41:39Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"80539"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>true, "body"=>"PLOS ONE Staff"}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0050390", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSONE"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSONE", "eIssn"=>"1932-6203", "title"=>"PLOS ONE"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>1, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2013-08-28T15:47:43Z", "replies"=>[{"type"=>"REPLY", "parentID"=>67323, "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/reply/a92c5193-3e4b-4029-aaa7-559b98c845f0", "title"=>"Comment posted on behalf of the authors", "body"=>"Dear readers of PLOS ONE,\n\nI would like to clarify how the values for Figure 6A were obtained. The densitometry analysis was performed following the instructions for the ImageJ Program (rsbweb.nih.gov/ij/docs/guide/user-guide.pdf). Briefly, the following steps were performed:\n\n1) Images were scanned, saved as TIFF and gray scale for analysis;\n\n2) Images were opened using the ImageJ Program;\n\n3) The first lane was outlined using the \"Rectangular selection\" tool;\n\n4) The first lane was selected by click on \"Analyze → Gels → Select First Lane\";\n\n5) The rectangular selection was moved over to the adjacent lane; the outlined lane was then selected by clicking on \"Analyze → Gels → Select Next Lane\";\n\n6) The previous step was repeated for each remaining lane;\n\n7) The lane profile plots were generated by clicking on \"Analyze → Gels → Plot Lanes\";\n\n8) The areas under the peaks were marked off by using the \"Straight line\" tool;\n\n9) The areas under the peaks were determined by clicking inside them using the \"Wand (tracing) tool”;\n\n10) All procedures previously described (1 to 9) were performed for: a) band densitometry corresponding to the protein of interest after Western blot analysis and b) relative amount of protein in the band using the Ponceau red method, from six animals per group;\n\n11) Values for band densitometry of the protein of interest (a) were normalized (divided) by the respective relative protein amount (b), as described in the manuscript. Normal Gaussian distribution was assumed and outlier values detected using the following criteria: mean (μ) = 0; variance (σ) = 1; tail area (a) = 0.05; and critical value (z) = NormsInv (0.95).\n\nThis is the reason why the values presented in the \"Reader's Comments\" (from two animals per group and with no normalization) do not properly reflect the final result of the quantitative graph that has been published in the manuscript.\n\nThe full data for the results reported in Figure 6A are available via the files below:\n\nhttp://www.plosone.org/attachments/pone.0050390.comment1.pdf \nhttp://www.plosone.org/attachments/pone.0050390.comment2.pdf\n\n", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2013-08-28T15:47:43Z", "lastModified"=>"2013-08-28T15:47:43Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"80539"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>true, "body"=>"PLOS ONE Staff"}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0050390", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSONE"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSONE", "eIssn"=>"1932-6203", "title"=>"PLOS ONE"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>0, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2013-08-28T15:47:43Z", "replies"=>[]}]}

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• {"id"=>"282529491203551232", "text"=>"Study suggests: Glutamine may help ameliorate diabetes induced muscle atrophy. A solution of 1 g/kg bw Gluatmine... http://t.co/2vCXOhd1", "created_at"=>"2012-12-22T16:54:14Z", "user"=>"ProfDrAndro", "user_name"=>"Adel aka Dr. Andro", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2048444391/548850_332942896754073_100001150951479_860197_1609974893_n_1__normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"783606670794588160", "text"=>"Glutamina y diabetes \nhttps://t.co/tuU0mswZRU\n\n#comunicarciencia #comunicarsalud", "created_at"=>"2016-10-05T09:56:03Z", "user"=>"romiqui1", "user_name"=>"Romi Quiles", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/613433303333502976/KifSiT6x_normal.jpg"}

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Figshare

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PMC Usage Stats | Further Information

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Relative Metric

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F1000Prime