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{"title"=>"Executive Function Deficits and Social-Behavioral Abnormality in Mice Exposed to a Low Dose of Dioxin In Utero and via Lactation", "type"=>"journal", "authors"=>[{"first_name"=>"Toshihiro", "last_name"=>"Endo", "scopus_author_id"=>"36514580500"}, {"first_name"=>"Masaki", "last_name"=>"Kakeyama", "scopus_author_id"=>"6603647914"}, {"first_name"=>"Yukari", "last_name"=>"Uemura", "scopus_author_id"=>"37094117800"}, {"first_name"=>"Asahi", "last_name"=>"Haijima", "scopus_author_id"=>"24471487900"}, {"first_name"=>"Hiroyuki", "last_name"=>"Okuno", "scopus_author_id"=>"35926208300"}, {"first_name"=>"Haruhiko", "last_name"=>"Bito", "scopus_author_id"=>"14718992600"}, {"first_name"=>"Chiharu", "last_name"=>"Tohyama", "scopus_author_id"=>"7005412129"}], "year"=>2012, "source"=>"PLoS ONE", "identifiers"=>{"isbn"=>"1932-6203 (Electronic)\r1932-6203 (Linking)", "pmid"=>"23251380", "sgr"=>"84871245331", "pui"=>"366284882", "scopus"=>"2-s2.0-84871245331", "doi"=>"10.1371/journal.pone.0050741", "issn"=>"19326203"}, "id"=>"5397f338-aaf6-3da1-bc6b-b69d41efb082", "abstract"=>"An increasing prevalence of mental health problems has been partly ascribed to abnormal brain development that is induced upon exposure to environmental chemicals. However, it has been extremely difficult to detect and assess such causality particularly at low exposure levels. To address this question, we here investigated higher brain function in mice exposed to dioxin in utero and via lactation by using our recently developed automated behavioral flexibility test and immunohistochemistry of neuronal activation markers Arc, at the 14 brain areas. Pregnant C57BL/6 mice were given orally a low dose of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) at a dose of either 0, 0.6 or 3.0 µg/kg on gestation day 12.5. When the pups reached adulthood, they were group-housed in IntelliCage to assess their behavior. As a result, the offspring born to dams exposed to 0.6 µg TCDD/kg were shown to have behavioral inflexibility, compulsive repetitive behavior, and dramatically lowered competitive dominance. In these mice, immunohistochemistry of Arc exhibited the signs of hypoactivation of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and hyperactivation of the amygdala. Intriguingly, mice exposed to 3.0 µg/kg were hardly affected in both the behavioral and neuronal activation indices, indicating that the robust, non-monotonic dose-response relationship. In conclusion, this study showed for the first time that perinatal exposure to a low dose of TCDD in mice develops executive function deficits and social behavioral abnormality accompanied with the signs of imbalanced mPFC-amygdala activation.", "link"=>"http://www.mendeley.com/research/executive-function-deficits-socialbehavioral-abnormality-mice-exposed-low-dose-dioxin-utero-via-lact", "reader_count"=>39, "reader_count_by_academic_status"=>{"Unspecified"=>3, "Professor > Associate Professor"=>3, "Researcher"=>6, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>5, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>6, "Student > Postgraduate"=>2, "Student > Master"=>8, "Student > Bachelor"=>4, "Lecturer > Senior Lecturer"=>1, "Professor"=>1}, "reader_count_by_user_role"=>{"Unspecified"=>3, "Professor > Associate Professor"=>3, "Researcher"=>6, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>5, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>6, "Student > Postgraduate"=>2, "Student > Master"=>8, "Student > Bachelor"=>4, "Lecturer > Senior Lecturer"=>1, "Professor"=>1}, "reader_count_by_subject_area"=>{"Unspecified"=>3, "Medicine and Dentistry"=>7, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>12, "Neuroscience"=>7, "Psychology"=>8, "Social Sciences"=>1, "Computer Science"=>1}, "reader_count_by_subdiscipline"=>{"Medicine and Dentistry"=>{"Medicine and Dentistry"=>7}, "Neuroscience"=>{"Neuroscience"=>7}, "Social Sciences"=>{"Social Sciences"=>1}, "Psychology"=>{"Psychology"=>8}, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>{"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>12}, "Computer Science"=>{"Computer Science"=>1}, "Unspecified"=>{"Unspecified"=>3}}, "reader_count_by_country"=>{"Canada"=>1, "United States"=>1, "Japan"=>1}, "group_count"=>0}

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• {"id"=>"279200088788709377", "text"=>"原文はPLOS ONEなので無料全文公開だ。ありがたい。#PLOSONE: Executive Function Deficits and Social-Behavioral Abnormality in Mice Exposed ... http://t.co/G6yqfxt9", "created_at"=>"2012-12-13T12:24:23Z", "user"=>"ry_endo", "user_name"=>"えん", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1569087480/image3_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"279447306967867392", "text"=>"環境化学物質が子どものこころの健康に影響することを動物実験で実証：原著論文　斉藤宇開さんから紹介→　http://t.co/7RN8KKL7", "created_at"=>"2012-12-14T04:46:44Z", "user"=>"gotoledex", "user_name"=>"五藤博義", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/798351197/gotophoto_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"279451320728031232", "text"=>"RT @gotoledex: 環境化学物質が子どものこころの健康に影響することを動物実験で実証：原著論文　斉藤宇開さんから紹介→　http://t.co/7RN8KKL7", "created_at"=>"2012-12-14T05:02:41Z", "user"=>"yuusa0k", "user_name"=>"金井 悠紗(ゆーさ)", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2885508758/5eb80d49eeb9af440808d2bca5e6409a_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"280689052871692288", "text"=>"環境物質が子供の精神に影響 #PLOSONE: Executive Function Deficits and Social-Behavioral Abnormality in Mice Exposed ... http://t.co/9XWca66f", "created_at"=>"2012-12-17T15:00:59Z", "user"=>"birdofpreyjp", "user_name"=>"Akiko", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2769810944/106a0f3305290f8f1c00b024d8880238_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"280988877295075330", "text"=>"ひとつ前のについて、論文のサイトへのリンクを。 http://t.co/6MHI3aK6", "created_at"=>"2012-12-18T10:52:23Z", "user"=>"tigayam2", "user_name"=>"tigayam2", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2724109594/edbb9abc1725eda2a8637d479852524a_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"293166355652431872", "text"=>"#PLOSONE: Executive Function Deficits and Social-Behavioral Abnormality in Mice Exposed to a Low Dose of Dioxin... http://t.co/sgfeiUPf", "created_at"=>"2013-01-21T01:21:20Z", "user"=>"fm_tsukuba", "user_name"=>"fm", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/sticky/default_profile_images/default_profile_6_normal.png"}

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Figshare

• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/526971"], "description"=>"<p>Legend:</p><p>Data are shown as average ± S.E.M., n = 5/group. The values of PrL, ACC, BLA, and CeA are same as the data shown in <a href=\"http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0050741#pone-0050741-g005\" target=\"_blank\">Fig. 5C</a>.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["arc-positive", "cells", "14"], "article_id"=>197457, "categories"=>["Developmental Biology", "Neuroscience", "Mental Health", "Biotechnology"], "users"=>["Toshihiro Endo", "Masaki Kakeyama", "Yukari Uemura", "Asahi Haijima", "Hiroyuki Okuno", "Haruhiko Bito", "Chiharu Tohyama"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0050741.t001", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>1, "page_views"=>9, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Numbers_of_Arc_positive_cells_in_14_brain_areas_/197457", "title"=>"Numbers of Arc-positive cells in 14 brain areas.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>3, "published_date"=>"2012-12-12 02:04:17"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/526601"], "description"=>"<p>(A, B, C) The number of nose pokes per rewarded visit (open triangle) and non-rewarded visit (closed circle): (A) Control, (B) TC-0.6, (C) TC-3.0. Each plotted point indicates the average number of nose pokes per visit made by an individual mouse in a session. (D) Group-averaged numbers of nose pokes throughout the sessions per rewarded visit or non-rewarded visit. Error bars indicate ± S.E.M., n = 8/group. * indicates a significant difference from the Control and TC-3.0 groups (<i>P</i><0.05, ANOVA, followed by Tukey's post hoc test).</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["repetitive", "poking", "mice", "exposed", "tcdd"], "article_id"=>197090, "categories"=>["Developmental Biology", "Neuroscience", "Mental Health", "Biotechnology"], "users"=>["Toshihiro Endo", "Masaki Kakeyama", "Yukari Uemura", "Asahi Haijima", "Hiroyuki Okuno", "Haruhiko Bito", "Chiharu Tohyama"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0050741.g003", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>2, "page_views"=>7, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Compulsive_repetitive_nose_poking_in_mice_exposed_to_a_low_TCDD_dose_TC_0_6_/197090", "title"=>"Compulsive repetitive nose poking in mice exposed to a low TCDD dose (TC-0.6).", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2012-12-12 01:58:10"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/526353"], "description"=>"<p>(A) Overview of IntelliCage apparatus. (B) Group composition of mice housed and tested in each IntelliCage apparatus. (C) Behavioral sequencing task. Mice were allowed to obtain water reward for 4 seconds when they visited an “active” rewarded corner (blue circle). The location of the active rewarded corner was alternately switched between the two diagonally positioned corners each time the mouse received a reward. Thus, the mice had to acquire the behavioral sequence of alternating between the two rewarded corners to continuously obtain rewards. A visit to the never-rewarded corners (gray circles with a diagonal line) was counted as a discrimination error. (D) Serial reversal task. For each mouse, the assigned spatial patterns of the rewarded corners (seq. 1 or seq. 2) were reversed 11 times every 7 or 4 sessions. (E) Time-line of the experiment for each day. (F, G) Learning performance on the behavioral flexibility test. For the purpose of readability, data from the TC-0.6 and TC-3.0 groups of mice were separately plotted in F and G, respectively, whereas the data from the Control group are shown in F and G. Discrimination error rates (the number of discrimination errors in the first 100 corner visits in the session) are indicated as the means ± S.E.M. (n = 8/group). For each session, the individual mouse's discrimination error rate was transformed into a z-score calculated among all the mice. The bars in the insets in F and G indicate the averaged z-scores for each group in the first sessions of all the Revs (early stage of reversal learning) and in the second to fourth sessions of all Revs (late stage of reversal learning). * indicates a significant difference from the Control group (<i>P</i><0.05, ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test).</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["tcdd-exposed", "mice"], "article_id"=>196843, "categories"=>["Developmental Biology", "Neuroscience", "Mental Health", "Biotechnology"], "users"=>["Toshihiro Endo", "Masaki Kakeyama", "Yukari Uemura", "Asahi Haijima", "Hiroyuki Okuno", "Haruhiko Bito", "Chiharu Tohyama"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0050741.g001", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>1, "page_views"=>8, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Impaired_behavioral_flexibility_in_TCDD_exposed_mice_inter_session_analysis_/196843", "title"=>"Impaired behavioral flexibility in TCDD-exposed mice (inter-session analysis).", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2012-12-12 01:54:03"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/526712"], "description"=>"<p>(A, B, C) Time-course of visit frequency in the first session of the day (21:50–22:40). The gray-colored period indicates the first five minutes (22:00–22:05) of the task. Vertical dotted lines indicate a peak in the group-averaged number of visits. (A, B, C) Time-course of visit frequency at the beginning of the session (21:50–22:40). Colored lines indicate the averaged visit frequency across all the sessions of each mouse, and the black thick lines indicate the average of each group: (A) Control, (B) TC-0.6, and (C) TC-3.0. (D) Visit frequency in the first five minutes throughout the sessions for each group (mean ± S.E.M., n = 8/group). (E, F) Average number of visits and duration of licking per session are shown as indices of daily water consumption. Error bars indicate ± S.E.M., n = 8/group. (G) A diagram of the competition task, in which the Control and TC-0.6 groups of mice (littermates of the mice used in the behavioral flexibility task) were subjected to the same water deprivation schedule as in the behavioral flexibility task. From days 1 to 4, all of the mice (a total of 14 mice, comprised of the Control and TC-0.6 groups) were housed in the same IntelliCage apparatus (a highly competitive condition). From days 5 to 8, each group of mice was housed separately in two different IntelliCage apparatuses (a less competitive condition). From days 9 to 12, all the mice were again housed in the same IntelliCage apparatus (a highly competitive condition). (H) Visit frequency in the first five minutes in the competition task. * and † indicate a significant difference from the Control group in the identical time period and from the TC-0.6 group on days 5 to 8, respectively. Error bars indicate ± S.E.M., n = 7/group.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["dominance", "tcdd"], "article_id"=>197207, "categories"=>["Developmental Biology", "Neuroscience", "Mental Health", "Biotechnology"], "users"=>["Toshihiro Endo", "Masaki Kakeyama", "Yukari Uemura", "Asahi Haijima", "Hiroyuki Okuno", "Haruhiko Bito", "Chiharu Tohyama"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0050741.g004", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>1, "page_views"=>4, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Low_competitive_dominance_in_the_low_TCDD_dose_TC_0_6_group_/197207", "title"=>"Low competitive dominance in the low TCDD dose (TC-0.6) group.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2012-12-12 02:00:07"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/526461"], "description"=>"<p>(A) The curves of cumulative error visit (mean ± S.E.M., n = 8/group) in the first sessions of Rev. 1, 2, and 11 (Rev.1-1, Rev.2-1, and Rev.11-1, respectively) of each group are shown. * represents a significantly lower cumulative error visit than chance in the Control group within a range of 80th–100th total visit (<i>P</i><0.05, repeated ANOVA). (B) Error rates per 20-visit block in Rev. 1-1, Rev. 2-1, and Rev. 11-1 (mean ± S.E.M., n = 8/group). The first 100 corner visits in each session were divided into five blocks (block 1 to 5) and analyzed using factorial ANOVA. The black, red and green bars indicate the data from the Control, TC-0.6, and TC-3.0 groups, respectively. † and * indicate a significantly higher or lower difference from chance (50%, gray line), respectively.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["tcdd-exposed", "mice"], "article_id"=>196952, "categories"=>["Developmental Biology", "Neuroscience", "Mental Health", "Biotechnology"], "users"=>["Toshihiro Endo", "Masaki Kakeyama", "Yukari Uemura", "Asahi Haijima", "Hiroyuki Okuno", "Haruhiko Bito", "Chiharu Tohyama"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0050741.g002", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>1, "page_views"=>5, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Impaired_behavioral_flexibility_in_TCDD_exposed_mice_intra_session_analysis_/196952", "title"=>"Impaired behavioral flexibility in TCDD-exposed mice (intra-session analysis).", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2012-12-12 01:55:52"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/526878"], "description"=>"<p>(A) Regions of interest. Illustrations are modified with permission from <a href=\"http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0050741#pone.0050741-Paxinos1\" target=\"_blank\">[54]</a>. (B) Representative photomicrographs of Arc-positive cells in the PrL, ACC, CeA, and BLA. (C) Numbers of Arc-positive cells in each brain area as estimated by stereological analysis. Bars, open, red, and green, indicate the Control, TC-0.6, and TC-3.0 groups of mice, respectively (mean ± S.E.M, n = 5/group). * indicates a significant difference from the Control group. (<i>P</i><0.05, two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test).</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["areas", "tcdd-induced"], "article_id"=>197366, "categories"=>["Developmental Biology", "Neuroscience", "Mental Health", "Biotechnology"], "users"=>["Toshihiro Endo", "Masaki Kakeyama", "Yukari Uemura", "Asahi Haijima", "Hiroyuki Okuno", "Haruhiko Bito", "Chiharu Tohyama"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0050741.g005", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>2, "page_views"=>13, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Brain_areas_associated_with_TCDD_induced_behavioral_alterations_/197366", "title"=>"Brain areas associated with TCDD-induced behavioral alterations.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2012-12-12 02:02:46"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/284436", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/284477", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/284515", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/284558", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/284599", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/284623", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/284647", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/284706"], "description"=>"<div><p>An increasing prevalence of mental health problems has been partly ascribed to abnormal brain development that is induced upon exposure to environmental chemicals. However, it has been extremely difficult to detect and assess such causality particularly at low exposure levels. To address this question, we here investigated higher brain function in mice exposed to dioxin <em>in utero</em> and via lactation by using our recently developed automated behavioral flexibility test and immunohistochemistry of neuronal activation markers Arc, at the 14 brain areas. Pregnant C57BL/6 mice were given orally a low dose of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-<em>p</em>-dioxin (TCDD) at a dose of either 0, 0.6 or 3.0 µg/kg on gestation day 12.5. When the pups reached adulthood, they were group-housed in IntelliCage to assess their behavior. As a result, the offspring born to dams exposed to 0.6 µg TCDD/kg were shown to have behavioral inflexibility, compulsive repetitive behavior, and dramatically lowered competitive dominance. In these mice, immunohistochemistry of Arc exhibited the signs of hypoactivation of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and hyperactivation of the amygdala. Intriguingly, mice exposed to 3.0 µg/kg were hardly affected in both the behavioral and neuronal activation indices, indicating that the robust, non-monotonic dose-response relationship. In conclusion, this study showed for the first time that perinatal exposure to a low dose of TCDD in mice develops executive function deficits and social behavioral abnormality accompanied with the signs of imbalanced mPFC-amygdala activation.</p> </div>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["deficits", "social-behavioral", "abnormality", "mice", "exposed", "dioxin", "lactation"], "article_id"=>116068, "categories"=>["Developmental Biology", "Neuroscience", "Mental Health", "Biotechnology"], "users"=>["Toshihiro Endo", "Masaki Kakeyama", "Yukari Uemura", "Asahi Haijima", "Hiroyuki Okuno", "Haruhiko Bito", "Chiharu Tohyama"], "doi"=>["https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0050741.s001", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0050741.s002", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0050741.s003", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0050741.s004", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0050741.s005", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0050741.s006", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0050741.s007", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0050741.s008"], "stats"=>{"downloads"=>8, "page_views"=>9, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/Executive_Function_Deficits_and_Social_Behavioral_Abnormality_in_Mice_Exposed_to_a_Low_Dose_of_Dioxin_In_Utero_and_via_Lactation__/116068", "title"=>"Executive Function Deficits and Social-Behavioral Abnormality in Mice Exposed to a Low Dose of Dioxin <em>In Utero</em> and via Lactation", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>4, "published_date"=>"2012-12-12 01:41:08"}

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Relative Metric

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F1000Prime