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{"title"=>"The Insecticide Imidacloprid Causes Mortality of the Freshwater Amphipod Gammarus pulex by Interfering with Feeding Behavior", "type"=>"journal", "authors"=>[{"first_name"=>"Anna Maija", "last_name"=>"Nyman", "scopus_author_id"=>"54384032700"}, {"first_name"=>"Anita", "last_name"=>"Hintermeister", "scopus_author_id"=>"36056353200"}, {"first_name"=>"Kristin", "last_name"=>"Schirmer", "scopus_author_id"=>"7005815696"}, {"first_name"=>"Roman", "last_name"=>"Ashauer", "scopus_author_id"=>"15020142100"}], "year"=>2013, "source"=>"PLoS ONE", "identifiers"=>{"pmid"=>"23690941", "doi"=>"10.1371/journal.pone.0062472", "sgr"=>"84877760279", "isbn"=>"1932-6203", "scopus"=>"2-s2.0-84877760279", "issn"=>"19326203", "pui"=>"368921118"}, "id"=>"bab9d9a5-7dee-3a8a-a2ab-2f2f3184a4f9", "abstract"=>"If an organism does not feed, it dies of starvation. Even though some insecticides which are used to control pests in agriculture can interfere with feeding behavior of insects and other invertebrates, the link from chemical exposure via affected feeding activity to impaired life history traits, such as survival, has not received much attention in ecotoxicology. One of these insecticides is the neonicotinoid imidacloprid, a neurotoxic substance acting specifically on the insect nervous system. We show that imidacloprid has the potential to indirectly cause lethality in aquatic invertebrate populations at low, sublethal concentrations by impairing movements and thus feeding. We investigated feeding activity, lipid content, immobility, and survival of the aquatic arthropod Gammarus pulex under exposure to imidacloprid. We performed experiments with 14 and 21 days duration, both including two treatments with two high, one day pulses of imidacloprid and one treatment with a low, constant concentration. Feeding of G. pulex as well as lipid content were significantly reduced under exposure to the low, constant imidacloprid concentration (15 µg/L). Organisms were not able to move and feed--and this caused high mortality after 14 days of constant exposure. In contrast, feeding and lipid content were not affected by repeated imidacloprid pulses. In these treatments, animals were mostly immobilized during the chemical pulses but did recover relatively fast after transfer to clean water. We also performed a starvation experiment without exposure to imidacloprid which showed that starvation alone does not explain the mortality in the constant imidacloprid exposure. Using a multiple stressor toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic modeling approach, we showed that both starvation and other toxic effects of imidacloprid play a role for determining mortality in constant exposure to the insecticide.", "link"=>"http://www.mendeley.com/research/insecticide-imidacloprid-causes-mortality-freshwater-amphipod-gammarus-pulex-interfering-feeding-beh", "reader_count"=>65, "reader_count_by_academic_status"=>{"Unspecified"=>1, "Professor > Associate Professor"=>1, "Researcher"=>13, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>4, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>14, "Student > Postgraduate"=>1, "Other"=>4, "Student > Master"=>14, "Student > Bachelor"=>10, "Lecturer"=>1, "Lecturer > Senior Lecturer"=>1, "Professor"=>1}, "reader_count_by_user_role"=>{"Unspecified"=>1, "Professor > Associate Professor"=>1, "Researcher"=>13, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>4, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>14, "Student > Postgraduate"=>1, "Other"=>4, "Student > Master"=>14, "Student > Bachelor"=>10, "Lecturer"=>1, "Lecturer > Senior Lecturer"=>1, "Professor"=>1}, "reader_count_by_subject_area"=>{"Unspecified"=>1, "Environmental Science"=>20, "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>1, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>35, "Medicine and Dentistry"=>1, "Business, Management and Accounting"=>1, "Physics and Astronomy"=>2, "Chemistry"=>1, "Earth and Planetary Sciences"=>3}, "reader_count_by_subdiscipline"=>{"Medicine and Dentistry"=>{"Medicine and Dentistry"=>1}, "Chemistry"=>{"Chemistry"=>1}, "Physics and Astronomy"=>{"Physics and Astronomy"=>2}, "Earth and Planetary Sciences"=>{"Earth and Planetary Sciences"=>3}, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>{"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>35}, "Business, Management and Accounting"=>{"Business, Management and Accounting"=>1}, "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>{"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>1}, "Unspecified"=>{"Unspecified"=>1}, "Environmental Science"=>{"Environmental Science"=>20}}, "reader_count_by_country"=>{"Belgium"=>1, "United States"=>1, "United Kingdom"=>1, "Italy"=>1, "Malaysia"=>1, "Switzerland"=>1}, "group_count"=>1}

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• {"id"=>"334907437003976704", "text"=>"Insecticides Lead to Starvation of Aquatic Organisms http://t.co/0GZ5nnbKZn and http://t.co/glPARgVG0z", "created_at"=>"2013-05-16T05:45:29Z", "user"=>"bijensterfte", "user_name"=>"bijensterfte", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1553569090/garland_logo_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"334907611562536960", "text"=>"Imidacloprid Causes Mortality of the Freshwater Amphipod Gammarus pulex by Interfering with Feeding Behavior http://t.co/glPARgVG0z", "created_at"=>"2013-05-16T05:46:11Z", "user"=>"bijensterfte", "user_name"=>"bijensterfte", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1553569090/garland_logo_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"334919254367404032", "text"=>"RT @bijensterfte: Insecticides Lead to Starvation of Aquatic Organisms http://t.co/0GZ5nnbKZn and http://t.co/glPARgVG0z", "created_at"=>"2013-05-16T06:32:27Z", "user"=>"GeertHermsen", "user_name"=>"Geert Hermsen", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2922826378/7ee3f0f4015c03d1d74e939accad0e9a_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"335155530924441600", "text"=>"#néonicotinoïde néfaste aussibienpour les organismes aquatiques quepour les abeilles http://t.co/QxfiPLLg6B \nde Agir http://t.co/VrT8jlE3ky", "created_at"=>"2013-05-16T22:11:20Z", "user"=>"DCaBois", "user_name"=>"David Caillet-Bois", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3222152240/f19ab640466aeaf4b43a3d60e573f389_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"335299600481136640", "text"=>"#ecotoxicologie ..étude de l’ #Eawag paraît aujourd’hui #pesticide #imidaclopride \nhttp://t.co/D7D776B9GW. \nhttp://t.co/cUzvQfC5YF", "created_at"=>"2013-05-17T07:43:48Z", "user"=>"expertscience", "user_name"=>"Gervaise Yvon", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1711821004/image_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"335422951287582720", "text"=>"PLOS One paper: neonic pesticides get into water and kill water-borne invertebrate—bottom of the food chain http://t.co/fwJD2upBpt", "created_at"=>"2013-05-17T15:53:58Z", "user"=>"tomphilpott", "user_name"=>"Tom Philpott", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/184510324/philpott_0854_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"335733408741326848", "text"=>"@EPAgov @amyklobuchar @alfranken Neonic pesticides get in water&kill water-borne invertebrate-bottom of food chain http://t.co/YzCO4RLClX", "created_at"=>"2013-05-18T12:27:36Z", "user"=>"rlrcu", "user_name"=>"r robinson", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1450422172/profile_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"337470222837616640", "text"=>"#PLOSONE: The #Insecticide #Imidacloprid Causes #Mortality of the Freshwater Amphipod Gammarus pulex http://t.co/e0QWeZFwmT", "created_at"=>"2013-05-23T07:29:05Z", "user"=>"ZZco1", "user_name"=>"ZZco", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2893251474/906e22f9b74637b6419e17ee6ba89fd7_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"337935751264223233", "text"=>"Low-level exposure to imidacloprid, 1of 3 #neonics banned by @EU_Commission today, causes freshwater shrimp to starve http://t.co/B5TuetcJRk", "created_at"=>"2013-05-24T14:18:56Z", "user"=>"drsimevans_ENDS", "user_name"=>"Simon Evans", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1902059968/simon-evans_normal.jpg"}

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Figshare

• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1061859"], "description"=>"1<p>Pulsed treatment with a short interval in uncontaminated water between imidacloprid pulses.</p>2<p>Pulsed treatment with a long interval in uncontaminated water between imidacloprid pulses.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["agrochemicals", "pesticides", "Agroecology", "Pest control", "Computational biology", "toxicology", "Neurotoxicology", "Predictive toxicology", "toxicokinetics", "Zoology", "Animal physiology", "Entomology", "stochastic", "pulsed", "calibration", "exposed"], "article_id"=>703789, "categories"=>["Medicine", "Biological Sciences"], "users"=>["Anna-Maija Nyman", "Anita Hintermeister", "Kristin Schirmer", "Roman Ashauer"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0062472.t002", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>5, "page_views"=>4, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Mean_percentage_error_of_individual_tolerance_IT_and_stochastic_death_SD_model_when_pulsed_PT_constant_CT_or_all_data_was_used_for_calibration_of_the_survival_model_for_Gammarus_pulex_exposed_to_imidacloprid_/703789", "title"=>"Mean percentage error (%) of individual tolerance (IT) and stochastic death (SD) model when pulsed (PT), constant (CT), or all data was used for calibration of the survival model for <i>Gammarus pulex</i> exposed to imidacloprid.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>3, "published_date"=>"2013-05-15 01:03:09"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1061858"], "description"=>"1<p>Pulsed treatment with a short interval in uncontaminated water between imidacloprid pulses (4 days).</p>2<p>Pulsed treatment with a long interval in uncontaminated water between imidacloprid pulses (8 days).</p>3<p>Pulsed treatment with a long interval in uncontaminated water between imidacloprid pulses (11 days).</p>4<p>Between control and treatment.</p>5<p>Among all treatments within one experiment.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["agrochemicals", "pesticides", "Agroecology", "Pest control", "Computational biology", "toxicology", "Neurotoxicology", "Predictive toxicology", "toxicokinetics", "Zoology", "Animal physiology", "Entomology", "pulsed"], "article_id"=>703788, "categories"=>["Medicine", "Biological Sciences"], "users"=>["Anna-Maija Nyman", "Anita Hintermeister", "Kristin Schirmer", "Roman Ashauer"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0062472.t001", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>9, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Feeding_activity_of_Gammarus_pulex_under_constant_treatment_C_or_pulsed_treatments_A_and_B_exposure_to_imidacloprid_/703788", "title"=>"Feeding activity of <i>Gammarus pulex</i> under constant (treatment C) or pulsed (treatments A and B) exposure to imidacloprid.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>3, "published_date"=>"2013-05-15 01:03:08"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1061852"], "description"=>"<p>Internal concentrations were measured from immobile individuals in 14-day experiment (open squares) and from mobile individuals in additional beakers which were not used for observing mortality (crosses). These values are plotted with predictions of internal concentration (black line) by a previously published and calibrated toxicokinetic model <a href=\"http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0062472#pone.0062472-Pimentel1\" target=\"_blank\">[1]</a>.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["agrochemicals", "pesticides", "Agroecology", "Pest control", "Computational biology", "toxicology", "Neurotoxicology", "Predictive toxicology", "toxicokinetics", "Zoology", "Animal physiology", "Entomology"], "article_id"=>703783, "categories"=>["Medicine", "Biological Sciences"], "users"=>["Anna-Maija Nyman", "Anita Hintermeister", "Kristin Schirmer", "Roman Ashauer"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0062472.g003", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>3, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Toxicokinetic_model_validation_/703783", "title"=>"Toxicokinetic model validation.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2013-05-15 01:03:03"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1061853"], "description"=>"<p>Parameter estimates of individual tolerance models calibrated with all data, pulsed data only, and constant treatments only (I). Calibration to pulsed treatments (gray lines and gray symbols) and using these parameters to simulate the fraction of mobile animals in the constant scenario (black lines) are shown in the green box (II). Vice versa, calibration to constant treatments (black lines and black symbols) and using these parameters to simulate the fraction of mobile animals in the pulsed scenario (grey lines) are shown in the blue box (III). Symbols represent the data: black triangles are the mobile fraction in constant treatments (C), gray squares are data from pulsed treatments A and gray circles are from pulsed treatments B. Closed symbols are data from 14-day experiment and open symbols from 21-day experiment.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["agrochemicals", "pesticides", "Agroecology", "Pest control", "Computational biology", "toxicology", "Neurotoxicology", "Predictive toxicology", "toxicokinetics", "Zoology", "Animal physiology", "Entomology", "estimates", "animals", "simulated"], "article_id"=>703784, "categories"=>["Medicine", "Biological Sciences"], "users"=>["Anna-Maija Nyman", "Anita Hintermeister", "Kristin Schirmer", "Roman Ashauer"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0062472.g004", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>1, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Parameter_estimates_and_fraction_of_mobile_animals_simulated_with_the_individual_tolerance_distribution_model_/703784", "title"=>"Parameter estimates and fraction of mobile animals simulated with the individual tolerance distribution model.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2013-05-15 01:03:04"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1061851"], "description"=>"<p>Imidacloprid concentrations in medium (I), cumulative food consumption (II), and mobile fraction of <i>Gammarus pulex</i> (III) in the pulsed treatments (A, B) and controls of 14-day and 21-day experiments. Pie charts show the percentage of dead and immobile individuals amongst those removed from beakers (non-mobile individuals = immobile+dead).</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["agrochemicals", "pesticides", "Agroecology", "Pest control", "Computational biology", "toxicology", "Neurotoxicology", "Predictive toxicology", "toxicokinetics", "Zoology", "Animal physiology", "Entomology", "pulsed"], "article_id"=>703782, "categories"=>["Medicine", "Biological Sciences"], "users"=>["Anna-Maija Nyman", "Anita Hintermeister", "Kristin Schirmer", "Roman Ashauer"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0062472.g002", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>13, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Feeding_and_survival_of_Gammarus_pulex_under_pulsed_exposure_to_imidacloprid_/703782", "title"=>"Feeding and survival of <i>Gammarus pulex</i> under pulsed exposure to imidacloprid.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2013-05-15 01:03:02"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1061861", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1061862"], "description"=>"<div><p>If an organism does not feed, it dies of starvation. Even though some insecticides which are used to control pests in agriculture can interfere with feeding behavior of insects and other invertebrates, the link from chemical exposure via affected feeding activity to impaired life history traits, such as survival, has not received much attention in ecotoxicology. One of these insecticides is the neonicotinoid imidacloprid, a neurotoxic substance acting specifically on the insect nervous system. We show that imidacloprid has the potential to indirectly cause lethality in aquatic invertebrate populations at low, sublethal concentrations by impairing movements and thus feeding. We investigated feeding activity, lipid content, immobility, and survival of the aquatic arthropod <i>Gammarus pulex</i> under exposure to imidacloprid. We performed experiments with 14 and 21 days duration, both including two treatments with two high, one day pulses of imidacloprid and one treatment with a low, constant concentration. Feeding of <i>G. pulex</i> as well as lipid content were significantly reduced under exposure to the low, constant imidacloprid concentration (15 µg/L). Organisms were not able to move and feed – and this caused high mortality after 14 days of constant exposure. In contrast, feeding and lipid content were not affected by repeated imidacloprid pulses. In these treatments, animals were mostly immobilized during the chemical pulses but did recover relatively fast after transfer to clean water. We also performed a starvation experiment without exposure to imidacloprid which showed that starvation alone does not explain the mortality in the constant imidacloprid exposure. Using a multiple stressor toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic modeling approach, we showed that both starvation and other toxic effects of imidacloprid play a role for determining mortality in constant exposure to the insecticide.</p></div>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["agrochemicals", "pesticides", "Agroecology", "Pest control", "Computational biology", "toxicology", "Neurotoxicology", "Predictive toxicology", "toxicokinetics", "Zoology", "Animal physiology", "Entomology", "insecticide", "imidacloprid", "causes", "freshwater", "amphipod", "interfering", "feeding"], "article_id"=>703790, "categories"=>["Medicine", "Biological Sciences"], "users"=>["Anna-Maija Nyman", "Anita Hintermeister", "Kristin Schirmer", "Roman Ashauer"], "doi"=>["https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0062472.s001", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0062472.s002"], "stats"=>{"downloads"=>2, "page_views"=>11, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/The_Insecticide_Imidacloprid_Causes_Mortality_of_the_Freshwater_Amphipod_Gammarus_pulex_by_Interfering_with_Feeding_Behavior/703790", "title"=>"The Insecticide Imidacloprid Causes Mortality of the Freshwater Amphipod <i>Gammarus pulex</i> by Interfering with Feeding Behavior", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>4, "published_date"=>"2013-05-15 01:03:10"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1061857"], "description"=>"<p>In the starvation model (II), lack of food (<i>LF</i>) for the 14-day experiment was set to 1.0 and for the 21-day experiment 0.5 due to differences in feeding activity (no feeding in 14-day experiment, ca. 50% reduced feeding in the 21-day experiment). The chemical stress model was GUTS calibrated with pulsed toxicity data sets.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["agrochemicals", "pesticides", "Agroecology", "Pest control", "Computational biology", "toxicology", "Neurotoxicology", "Predictive toxicology", "toxicokinetics", "Zoology", "Animal physiology", "Entomology", "imidacloprid", "starvation", "stressor"], "article_id"=>703787, "categories"=>["Medicine", "Biological Sciences"], "users"=>["Anna-Maija Nyman", "Anita Hintermeister", "Kristin Schirmer", "Roman Ashauer"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0062472.g006", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>4, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Simulation_of_survival_of_Gammarus_pulex_in_constant_imidacloprid_exposure_according_to_the_chemical_stress_model_I_starvation_model_II_and_multiple_stressor_model_III_/703787", "title"=>"Simulation of survival of <b><i>Gammarus pulex</i></b><b> in constant imidacloprid exposure according to the chemical stress model (I), starvation model (II), and multiple stressor model (III).</b>", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2013-05-15 01:03:07"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1061855"], "description"=>"<p>The table shows the calibrated parameter values and their standard deviation.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["agrochemicals", "pesticides", "Agroecology", "Pest control", "Computational biology", "toxicology", "Neurotoxicology", "Predictive toxicology", "toxicokinetics", "Zoology", "Animal physiology", "Entomology", "starvation"], "article_id"=>703786, "categories"=>["Medicine", "Biological Sciences"], "users"=>["Anna-Maija Nyman", "Anita Hintermeister", "Kristin Schirmer", "Roman Ashauer"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0062472.g005", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>3, "page_views"=>5, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Calibration_of_the_starvation_model_/703786", "title"=>"Calibration of the starvation model.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2013-05-15 01:03:06"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1061849"], "description"=>"<p>Imidacloprid concentrations in medium (I), cumulative food consumption (II), mobile fraction of individuals, and lipid content (% of total wet weight) of <i>Gammarus pulex</i> (III) in the constant treatments (C) and controls of 14-day and 21-day experiments. Pie charts show the percentage of dead and immobile individuals amongst those removed from the beakers (non-mobile individuals = immobile+dead).</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["agrochemicals", "pesticides", "Agroecology", "Pest control", "Computational biology", "toxicology", "Neurotoxicology", "Predictive toxicology", "toxicokinetics", "Zoology", "Animal physiology", "Entomology", "lipid"], "article_id"=>703781, "categories"=>["Medicine", "Biological Sciences"], "users"=>["Anna-Maija Nyman", "Anita Hintermeister", "Kristin Schirmer", "Roman Ashauer"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0062472.g001", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>1, "page_views"=>12, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Feeding_lipid_content_and_survival_of_Gammarus_pulex_under_constant_exposure_to_imidacloprid_/703781", "title"=>"Feeding, lipid content, and survival of <i>Gammarus pulex</i> under constant exposure to imidacloprid.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2013-05-15 01:03:01"}

PMC Usage Stats | Further Information

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Relative Metric

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F1000Prime