Sleep Promotes the Extraction of Grammatical Rules
- Publication Date
- June 05, 2013
- Journal
- PLOS ONE
- Authors
- Ingrid L. C. Nieuwenhuis, Vasiliki Folia, Christian Forkstam, Ole Jensen, et al
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- e65046
- DOI
- https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0065046
- Publisher URL
- http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0065046
- PubMed
- http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23755173
- PubMed Central
- http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3673983
- Europe PMC
- http://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/23755173
- Web of Science
- 000320579400037
- Scopus
- 84878748420
- Mendeley
- http://www.mendeley.com/research/sleep-promotes-extraction-grammatical-rules
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Mendeley | Further Information
{"title"=>"Sleep Promotes the Extraction of Grammatical Rules", "type"=>"journal", "authors"=>[{"first_name"=>"Ingrid L C", "last_name"=>"Nieuwenhuis", "scopus_author_id"=>"18038371200"}, {"first_name"=>"Vasiliki", "last_name"=>"Folia", "scopus_author_id"=>"6506472666"}, {"first_name"=>"Christian", "last_name"=>"Forkstam", "scopus_author_id"=>"6505781184"}, {"first_name"=>"Ole", "last_name"=>"Jensen", "scopus_author_id"=>"35487830300"}, {"first_name"=>"Karl Magnus", "last_name"=>"Petersson", "scopus_author_id"=>"7006470225"}], "year"=>2013, "source"=>"PLoS ONE", "identifiers"=>{"pui"=>"369075525", "issn"=>"19326203", "isbn"=>"10.1371/journal.pone.0065046", "doi"=>"10.1371/journal.pone.0065046", "scopus"=>"2-s2.0-84878748420", "pmid"=>"23755173", "sgr"=>"84878748420"}, "id"=>"bf308169-e3a6-3c50-a8ec-2df394c075ef", "abstract"=>"Grammar acquisition is a high level cognitive function that requires the extraction of complex rules. While it has been proposed that offline time might benefit this type of rule extraction, this remains to be tested. Here, we addressed this question using an artificial grammar learning paradigm. During a short-term memory cover task, eighty-one human participants were exposed to letter sequences generated according to an unknown artificial grammar. Following a time delay of 15 min, 12 h (wake or sleep) or 24 h, participants classified novel test sequences as Grammatical or Non-Grammatical. Previous behavioral and functional neuroimaging work has shown that classification can be guided by two distinct underlying processes: (1) the holistic abstraction of the underlying grammar rules and (2) the detection of sequence chunks that appear at varying frequencies during exposure. Here, we show that classification performance improved after sleep. Moreover, this improvement was due to an enhancement of rule abstraction, while the effect of chunk frequency was unaltered by sleep. These findings suggest that sleep plays a critical role in extracting complex structure from separate but related items during integrative memory processing. Our findings stress the importance of alternating periods of learning with sleep in settings in which complex information must be acquired.", "link"=>"http://www.mendeley.com/research/sleep-promotes-extraction-grammatical-rules", "reader_count"=>68, "reader_count_by_academic_status"=>{"Unspecified"=>2, "Professor > Associate Professor"=>3, "Librarian"=>1, "Researcher"=>8, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>2, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>22, "Student > Postgraduate"=>4, "Student > Master"=>14, "Other"=>4, "Student > Bachelor"=>5, "Lecturer"=>1, "Lecturer > Senior Lecturer"=>2}, "reader_count_by_user_role"=>{"Unspecified"=>2, "Professor > Associate Professor"=>3, "Librarian"=>1, "Researcher"=>8, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>2, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>22, "Student > Postgraduate"=>4, "Student > Master"=>14, "Other"=>4, "Student > Bachelor"=>5, "Lecturer"=>1, "Lecturer > Senior Lecturer"=>2}, "reader_count_by_subject_area"=>{"Unspecified"=>6, "Engineering"=>1, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>7, "Medicine and Dentistry"=>6, "Neuroscience"=>4, "Arts and Humanities"=>3, "Business, Management and Accounting"=>1, "Physics and Astronomy"=>1, "Psychology"=>26, "Social Sciences"=>2, "Computer Science"=>1, "Linguistics"=>10}, "reader_count_by_subdiscipline"=>{"Engineering"=>{"Engineering"=>1}, "Medicine and Dentistry"=>{"Medicine and Dentistry"=>6}, "Neuroscience"=>{"Neuroscience"=>4}, "Social Sciences"=>{"Social Sciences"=>2}, "Physics and Astronomy"=>{"Physics and Astronomy"=>1}, "Psychology"=>{"Psychology"=>26}, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>{"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>7}, "Computer Science"=>{"Computer Science"=>1}, "Business, Management and Accounting"=>{"Business, Management and Accounting"=>1}, "Linguistics"=>{"Linguistics"=>10}, "Unspecified"=>{"Unspecified"=>6}, "Arts and Humanities"=>{"Arts and Humanities"=>3}}, "reader_count_by_country"=>{"Netherlands"=>2, "United States"=>2, "Brazil"=>1, "United Kingdom"=>1, "France"=>1, "Germany"=>1}, "group_count"=>1}CrossRef
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Scopus | Further Information
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Journal Comments | Further Information
- {"type"=>"COMMENT", "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/annotation/d08c60ca-1be1-4f86-95b0-5541c349d8ca", "title"=>"Media Coverage of this Article", "body"=>"\nThe following article represents some of the media coverage that has occurred for this paper:\n\nPublication: IngridNieuwenhuis.nl \nTitle: “Sleep Promotes Extraction of Grammatical Rules - IngridNieuwenhuis.nl”\nhttp://www.ingridnieuwenhuis.nl/?file=kop2.php\n\nIf you see any additional coverage of this paper in the press or blogosphere, please reply to this thread and add the link to the article. \n", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2013-06-14T23:36:49Z", "lastModified"=>"2013-06-14T23:36:49Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"80539"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>true, "body"=>"PLoS ONE Staff"}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0065046", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSONE"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSONE", "eIssn"=>"1932-6203", "title"=>"PLOS ONE"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>1, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2013-06-29T00:39:26Z", "replies"=>[{"type"=>"REPLY", "parentID"=>67141, "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/reply/49fd4213-8091-43e0-a084-b8fa8d7b5391", "title"=>"RE: Media Coverage of this Article", "body"=>"The following article represents some of the media coverage that has occurred for this paper:\n\nPublication: PLOS Blogs\nTitle: “Sleep May Solve Grammar Gremlins”\nhttp://blogs.plos.org/everyone/2013/06/07/sleep-may-solve-grammar-gremlins/\n\nIf you see any additional coverage of this paper in the press or blogosphere, please reply to this thread and add the link to the article. \n", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2013-06-29T00:39:26Z", "lastModified"=>"2013-06-29T00:39:26Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"80539"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>true, "body"=>"PLOS ONE Staff"}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0065046", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSONE"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSONE", "eIssn"=>"1932-6203", "title"=>"PLOS ONE"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>0, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2013-06-29T00:39:26Z", "replies"=>[]}]}
- {"type"=>"COMMENT", "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/annotation/51a8e4a6-1838-4e9e-9247-eae8911bbddb", "title"=>"Availability of Data and Materials", "body"=>"Following the publication of this article, a reader made a request for the stimulus materials used in this study. The PLOS ONE policy governing the sharing of materials that applies to this article requires that authors agree to make freely available any materials described in the publication upon reasonable request for the purpose of academic, non-commercial research. The authors have been unresponsive to this request and the materials have not been made available.", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2015-10-06T19:54:46Z", "lastModified"=>"2015-10-06T19:54:46Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"80539"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>false}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0065046", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSONE"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSONE", "eIssn"=>"1932-6203", "title"=>"PLOS ONE"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>2, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2015-10-21T15:09:52Z", "replies"=>[{"type"=>"REPLY", "parentID"=>87321, "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/reply/e73a7106-c3fa-4cce-a58c-379ba35c3d8f", "title"=>"RE: Availability of Data and Materials", "body"=>"Hi, this is Ingrid, the author.\n\nPLOS could not find me because my email address changed. I'm happy to supply the stimuli I used, just drop me an email at ingrid dot nieuwenhuis at gmail dot com\n\nSleep well,\nIngrid", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2015-10-14T04:11:11Z", "lastModified"=>"2015-10-14T04:11:11Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"525251"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>false}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0065046", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSONE"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSONE", "eIssn"=>"1932-6203", "title"=>"PLOS ONE"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>1, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2015-10-21T15:09:52Z", "replies"=>[{"type"=>"REPLY", "parentID"=>87372, "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/reply/1505493f-c4ef-49cb-a10c-d0761c90ad9e", "title"=>"RE: RE: Availability of Data and Materials", "body"=>"The stimulus materials have now been made available.", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2015-10-21T15:09:52Z", "lastModified"=>"2015-10-21T15:09:52Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"80539"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>false}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0065046", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSONE"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSONE", "eIssn"=>"1932-6203", "title"=>"PLOS ONE"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>0, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2015-10-21T15:09:52Z", "replies"=>[]}]}]}
- {"id"=>"342423044217786368", "text"=>"Sleep Promotes the Extraction of Grammatical Rules http://t.co/jJ6pjHkZjT", "created_at"=>"2013-06-05T23:29:50Z", "user"=>"uranus_2", "user_name"=>"マーキュリー2世", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/sticky/default_profile_images/default_profile_5_normal.png"}
- {"id"=>"343039419722379264", "text"=>"Sleep is important to learning grammar. (And everything else, right?!) http://t.co/kedggxd6Zo", "created_at"=>"2013-06-07T16:19:05Z", "user"=>"KSUSarah", "user_name"=>"Sarah Hancock", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2185549396/madmen_icon_normal.jpg"}
- {"id"=>"343140663069667328", "text"=>"PLOS ONE: Sleep Promotes the Extraction of Grammatical Rules http://t.co/0QHL3QyrZR", "created_at"=>"2013-06-07T23:01:23Z", "user"=>"jjg0", "user_name"=>"Barend Jan de Jong", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1396711901/image_normal.jpg"}
- {"id"=>"343165654196711425", "text"=>"If you have a good night’s sleep, you could make a good grammar choice between Affect versus Effect. http://t.co/mNZvGJoy80 via @PLOSONE", "created_at"=>"2013-06-08T00:40:42Z", "user"=>"andresospina", "user_name"=>"Andres Ospina", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2841870010/b3d38c722b83a57c4259e1c3d5fdf0f7_normal.jpeg"}
- {"id"=>"343486046987747329", "text"=>"#PLOSONE: Sleep Promotes the Extraction of Grammatical Rules http://t.co/BubGX5mpRE", "created_at"=>"2013-06-08T21:53:49Z", "user"=>"ysirod", "user_name"=>"Yair Sifnugel R.", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1498277350/img457891a_normal.jpg"}
- {"id"=>"343487297506910208", "text"=>"RT @ysirod: #PLOSONE: Sleep Promotes the Extraction of Grammatical Rules http://t.co/BubGX5mpRE", "created_at"=>"2013-06-08T21:58:48Z", "user"=>"girauta", "user_name"=>"Juan Carlos Girauta", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3003459954/162df286174580c3f760ab06e73e5725_normal.jpeg"}
- {"id"=>"343535887033982977", "text"=>"“Offline time might promote the formation of relations between pieces of information.” http://t.co/HTHieVtT6r", "created_at"=>"2013-06-09T01:11:52Z", "user"=>"bombtune", "user_name"=>"Wells Baum", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2230755931/Screen_shot_2012-05-18_at_11.01.47_PM_normal.png"}
- {"id"=>"343595068936052736", "text"=>"Finally my newest paper, respect for the sleeping brain! #PLOSONE: Sleep Promotes the Extraction of Grammatical Rules http://t.co/AkgtOCyz6D", "created_at"=>"2013-06-09T05:07:02Z", "user"=>"IngridNieuwenhu", "user_name"=>"Ingrid Nieuwenhuis", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/sticky/default_profile_images/default_profile_4_normal.png"}
- {"id"=>"344045596870590464", "text"=>"#PLOSONE: Sleep Promotes the Extraction of Grammatical Rules http://t.co/jsUlvAkhq0", "created_at"=>"2013-06-10T10:57:17Z", "user"=>"monzoneta", "user_name"=>"Esther Monzó", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3762037512/e2baedd2d31e11cd3f5c0642875611b4_normal.jpeg"}
- {"id"=>"344179452286205952", "text"=>"Ample sleep make you do grammar good. The importance of alternating periods of learning with sleep: http://t.co/tNLjQFkZfU #PLOSONE #grammar", "created_at"=>"2013-06-10T19:49:10Z", "user"=>"C2ST", "user_name"=>"C2ST", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1639048262/New-Twitter-image---x-ray-brain_reasonably_small_normal.jpg"}
- {"id"=>"344266567468584961", "text"=>"수면이 문법 규칙을 찾는 것과 같은 추상화 정보 처리에 도움이 된다는 플로스원 연구. 오늘도 동네 도서관, 학원 자습실에서 졸다가 풀다가를 반복하고 계실 토익/토플/쥐알이 수험생들께 이 연구를 바칩니다.... http://t.co/cjDH1AiTLO", "created_at"=>"2013-06-11T01:35:20Z", "user"=>"simpleNunique", "user_name"=>"leopark", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3625349285/103a59e8a906edd695d550215f9a10c5_normal.jpeg"}
- {"id"=>"344355230558867456", "text"=>"http://t.co/M2XX8XnuWU So is this why I can't speak properly when I lack sleep - interesting way to sell it!", "created_at"=>"2013-06-11T07:27:39Z", "user"=>"Gingermicrobe", "user_name"=>"Emma Denham", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2699285574/73da9ac6eff9dd8fabc8d306eea27258_normal.jpeg"}
- {"id"=>"344506589803331584", "text"=>"Sleep Promotes the Extraction of Grammatical Rules. http://t.co/qNPZFY6S1V I also like the very-to-the-point title.", "created_at"=>"2013-06-11T17:29:06Z", "user"=>"RolfZwaan", "user_name"=>"Rolf Zwaan", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3384501392/99f9d35d82b9923a248ff18a05a05b54_normal.jpeg"}
- {"id"=>"344507077865123843", "text"=>"RT @RolfZwaan: Sleep Promotes the Extraction of Grammatical Rules. http://t.co/qNPZFY6S1V I also like the very-to-the-point title.", "created_at"=>"2013-06-11T17:31:02Z", "user"=>"jesslahey", "user_name"=>"Jessica Lahey", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3576628582/ae3a13c130cb1713db295cae5f5b17ca_normal.jpeg"}
- {"id"=>"344510818081181697", "text"=>"RT @RolfZwaan: Sleep Promotes the Extraction of Grammatical Rules. http://t.co/qNPZFY6S1V I also like the very-to-the-point title.", "created_at"=>"2013-06-11T17:45:54Z", "user"=>"takemeoutonight", "user_name"=>"don'tforgetme", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3763275734/aa17693b4ca4fa97415c77f57427ce07_normal.jpeg"}
- {"id"=>"344511109811802112", "text"=>"Sleep promotes grammar acquisition. http://t.co/SJDSdrnzJi @GrammarGirl #teaching", "created_at"=>"2013-06-11T17:47:03Z", "user"=>"jesslahey", "user_name"=>"Jessica Lahey", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3576628582/ae3a13c130cb1713db295cae5f5b17ca_normal.jpeg"}
- {"id"=>"344548980216176641", "text"=>"#PLOSONE: #Sleep Promotes the Extraction of Grammatical Rules http://t.co/THrUu3efTi", "created_at"=>"2013-06-11T20:17:32Z", "user"=>"AliyahReh", "user_name"=>"Aliyah Rehman", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3417901787/ac05cb237101032cae7b6cb50f4c433f_normal.jpeg"}
- {"id"=>"344803937070747648", "text"=>"RT @AliyahReh: #PLOSONE: #Sleep Promotes the Extraction of Grammatical Rules http://t.co/THrUu3efTi", "created_at"=>"2013-06-12T13:10:39Z", "user"=>"Bluesleep", "user_name"=>"BlueSleep", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1660027661/bluesleep_logo_small_sqaure_bigger_normal.jpg"}
- {"id"=>"344804345856008192", "text"=>"RT @AliyahReh: #PLOSONE: #Sleep Promotes the Extraction of Grammatical Rules http://t.co/THrUu3efTi", "created_at"=>"2013-06-12T13:12:16Z", "user"=>"SleepSynthesis", "user_name"=>"Sleep PhD", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3458567629/be2b6354e00e93a79f0d7a8137383d9c_normal.png"}
- {"id"=>"344955486774390785", "text"=>"A night of sleep can be beneficial after exposure to material that requires high-level rule abstraction. http://t.co/4gSIfHCeh1", "created_at"=>"2013-06-12T23:12:51Z", "user"=>"Louveneuve", "user_name"=>"Louveneuve", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3458776826/bbcb0e06bd51ddca9266822821145722_normal.jpeg"}
- {"id"=>"610159527200206848", "text"=>"#StuffScientistsSayCartoons Sleep helps you learn grammar. http://t.co/TzSJIkCK07 http://t.co/KD8imdgfTk", "created_at"=>"2015-06-14T18:59:02Z", "user"=>"VivekNityananda", "user_name"=>"Vivek Nityananda", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/504948895177117697/V0qRtenU_normal.jpeg"}
- {"id"=>"632910720380862464", "text"=>"RT @VivekNityananda: #StuffScientistsSayCartoons Sleep helps you learn grammar. http://t.co/TzSJIkCK07 http://t.co/KD8imdgfTk", "created_at"=>"2015-08-16T13:44:09Z", "user"=>"sicherpolizei", "user_name"=>"nope.wmv", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/631498325020160004/iz5lCz6C_normal.jpg"}
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Counter
- {"month"=>"6", "year"=>"2013", "pdf_views"=>"139", "xml_views"=>"8", "html_views"=>"3616"}
- {"month"=>"7", "year"=>"2013", "pdf_views"=>"13", "xml_views"=>"2", "html_views"=>"128"}
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- {"month"=>"10", "year"=>"2015", "pdf_views"=>"6", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"92"}
- {"month"=>"11", "year"=>"2015", "pdf_views"=>"10", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"110"}
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- {"month"=>"3", "year"=>"2016", "pdf_views"=>"6", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"92"}
- {"month"=>"4", "year"=>"2016", "pdf_views"=>"2", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"44"}
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- {"month"=>"4", "year"=>"2017", "pdf_views"=>"10", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"55"}
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- {"month"=>"11", "year"=>"2018", "pdf_views"=>"4", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"8"}
- {"month"=>"12", "year"=>"2018", "pdf_views"=>"10", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"6"}
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- {"month"=>"3", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"9", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"17"}
- {"month"=>"4", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"4", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"10"}
- {"month"=>"5", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"10", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"12"}
- {"month"=>"6", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"11", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"10"}
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- {"month"=>"8", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"6", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"5"}
- {"month"=>"9", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"7", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"8"}
- {"month"=>"10", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"2", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"9"}
- {"month"=>"11", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"7", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"18"}
- {"month"=>"12", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"11", "xml_views"=>"2", "html_views"=>"16"}
- {"month"=>"1", "year"=>"2020", "pdf_views"=>"16", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"14"}
- {"month"=>"2", "year"=>"2020", "pdf_views"=>"8", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"9"}
- {"month"=>"3", "year"=>"2020", "pdf_views"=>"6", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"2"}
- {"month"=>"4", "year"=>"2020", "pdf_views"=>"4", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"6"}
- {"month"=>"5", "year"=>"2020", "pdf_views"=>"4", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"3"}
- {"month"=>"6", "year"=>"2020", "pdf_views"=>"9", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"10"}
- {"month"=>"7", "year"=>"2020", "pdf_views"=>"8", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"13"}
- {"month"=>"8", "year"=>"2020", "pdf_views"=>"2", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"9"}
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- {"month"=>"10", "year"=>"2020", "pdf_views"=>"8", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"7"}
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PMC Usage Stats | Further Information
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- {"unique-ip"=>"12", "full-text"=>"12", "pdf"=>"2", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"1", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2013", "month"=>"8"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"7", "full-text"=>"6", "pdf"=>"2", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"4", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2013", "month"=>"9"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"12", "full-text"=>"14", "pdf"=>"4", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2013", "month"=>"10"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"8", "full-text"=>"8", "pdf"=>"2", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"4", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2013", "month"=>"11"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"3", "full-text"=>"3", "pdf"=>"0", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2013", "month"=>"12"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"6", "full-text"=>"6", "pdf"=>"3", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"2", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2014", "month"=>"1"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"3", "full-text"=>"3", "pdf"=>"2", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"1", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2014", "month"=>"2"}
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- {"unique-ip"=>"7", "full-text"=>"7", "pdf"=>"4", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2014", "month"=>"5"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"1", "full-text"=>"1", "pdf"=>"0", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2014", "month"=>"6"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"10", "full-text"=>"8", "pdf"=>"7", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2014", "month"=>"4"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"5", "full-text"=>"5", "pdf"=>"2", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"1", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2015", "month"=>"4"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"6", "full-text"=>"5", "pdf"=>"2", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"2", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2015", "month"=>"5"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"2", "full-text"=>"4", "pdf"=>"1", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2015", "month"=>"6"}
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- {"unique-ip"=>"7", "full-text"=>"7", "pdf"=>"3", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2015", "month"=>"2"}
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- {"unique-ip"=>"6", "full-text"=>"5", "pdf"=>"1", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2015", "month"=>"9"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"1", "full-text"=>"1", "pdf"=>"0", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2015", "month"=>"10"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"9", "full-text"=>"7", "pdf"=>"7", "abstract"=>"1", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2014", "month"=>"7"}
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- {"unique-ip"=>"19", "full-text"=>"12", "pdf"=>"3", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"1", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2014", "month"=>"10"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"3", "full-text"=>"2", "pdf"=>"1", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"2", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2016", "month"=>"2"}
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Relative Metric
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