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{"title"=>"Preschool Children's Behavioral Tendency toward Social Indirect Reciprocity", "type"=>"journal", "authors"=>[{"first_name"=>"Mayuko", "last_name"=>"Kato-Shimizu", "scopus_author_id"=>"55817604700"}, {"first_name"=>"Kenji", "last_name"=>"Onishi", "scopus_author_id"=>"35113603000"}, {"first_name"=>"Tadahiro", "last_name"=>"Kanazawa", "scopus_author_id"=>"7202446371"}, {"first_name"=>"Toshihiko", "last_name"=>"Hinobayashi", "scopus_author_id"=>"8940641300"}], "year"=>2013, "source"=>"PLoS ONE", "identifiers"=>{"sgr"=>"84881364628", "issn"=>"19326203", "scopus"=>"2-s2.0-84881364628", "pmid"=>"23951040", "pui"=>"369535384", "isbn"=>"1932-6203 (Electronic)\\r1932-6203 (Linking)", "doi"=>"10.1371/journal.pone.0070915"}, "id"=>"c1ad5dcb-94fa-3e80-a265-52fa9ecdc3bb", "abstract"=>"Social indirect reciprocity seems to be crucial in enabling large-scale cooperative networks among genetically unrelated individuals in humans. However, there are relatively few studies on social indirect reciprocity in children compared to adults. Investigating whether young children have a behavioral tendency toward social indirect reciprocity will help us understand how and when the fundamental ability to form cooperative relationships among adults is acquired. Using naturalistic observation at a nursery school, this study examined whether 5- to 6-year-olds show a behavioral tendency to engage in social indirect reciprocity in response to their peers' prosocial behavior toward a third party. The results revealed that bystander children tended to display prosocial behavior toward their peers more frequently after observing these peers' prosocial behavior toward third-party peers, compared with control situations; this suggests that 5- to 6-year-olds may have an essential behavioral tendency to establish social indirect reciprocity when interacting with peers in their daily lives. In addition, bystanders tended to display affiliative behavior after observing focal children's prosocial behavior. In other words, observing peers' prosocial behavior toward third-party peers evoked bystanders' positive emotions toward the helpers. Considering both the present results and previous findings, we speculate that in preschoolers, such positive emotions might mediate the increase in the bystander's prosocial behavior toward the helper. In addition, an intuitional emotional process plays an important role in the preschooler's behavioral tendency toward social indirect reciprocity in natural interactions with peers.", "link"=>"http://www.mendeley.com/research/preschool-childrens-behavioral-tendency-toward-social-indirect-reciprocity", "reader_count"=>60, "reader_count_by_academic_status"=>{"Unspecified"=>1, "Professor > Associate Professor"=>7, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>10, "Researcher"=>7, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>11, "Student > Postgraduate"=>1, "Student > Master"=>5, "Other"=>1, "Student > Bachelor"=>9, "Lecturer"=>3, "Lecturer > Senior Lecturer"=>2, "Professor"=>3}, "reader_count_by_user_role"=>{"Unspecified"=>1, "Professor > Associate Professor"=>7, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>10, "Researcher"=>7, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>11, "Student > Postgraduate"=>1, "Student > Master"=>5, "Other"=>1, "Student > Bachelor"=>9, "Lecturer"=>3, "Lecturer > Senior Lecturer"=>2, "Professor"=>3}, "reader_count_by_subject_area"=>{"Unspecified"=>3, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>7, "Medicine and Dentistry"=>4, "Neuroscience"=>1, "Arts and Humanities"=>2, "Business, Management and Accounting"=>3, "Psychology"=>27, "Social Sciences"=>9, "Computer Science"=>3, "Economics, Econometrics and Finance"=>1}, "reader_count_by_subdiscipline"=>{"Medicine and Dentistry"=>{"Medicine and Dentistry"=>4}, "Neuroscience"=>{"Neuroscience"=>1}, "Social Sciences"=>{"Social Sciences"=>9}, "Psychology"=>{"Psychology"=>27}, "Economics, Econometrics and Finance"=>{"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"=>1}, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>{"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>7}, "Computer Science"=>{"Computer Science"=>3}, "Business, Management and Accounting"=>{"Business, Management and Accounting"=>3}, "Unspecified"=>{"Unspecified"=>3}, "Arts and Humanities"=>{"Arts and Humanities"=>2}}, "reader_count_by_country"=>{"New Zealand"=>1, "Japan"=>2, "Chile"=>1, "India"=>1}, "group_count"=>2}

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• http://doi.org/10.1007/s10984-017-9251-z
• http://doi.org/10.1075/is.16.3.03ami
• http://doi.org/10.21676/2389783X.2967
• http://doi.org/10.1007/s10763-017-9804-8
• http://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-019-0268-z
• http://doi.org/10.1007/s13158-020-00266-4
• http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0107579
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2020.104886
• http://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01258
• http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004527
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2019.05.009
• http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0235137
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2017.10.013
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2017.08.016
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2019.104785
• http://doi.org/10.2117/psysoc.2019-A008

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• {"type"=>"COMMENT", "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/annotation/87d683f2-8655-43ab-8350-c0e5b1c9f3c3", "title"=>"Media coverage of this article", "body"=>"The following article represents some of the media coverage that has occurred for this paper:\n\nPublication: EurekAlert press release \nTitle: “5-year olds choose to 'play nice' based on other kids' reputations”\nhttp://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2013-08/plos-foc080213.php\n\nIf you see any additional coverage of this paper in the press or blogosphere, please reply to this thread and add the link to the article. \n", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2013-08-09T18:56:06Z", "lastModified"=>"2013-08-09T18:56:06Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"80539"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>true, "body"=>"PLOS ONE Staff"}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0070915", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSONE"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSONE", "eIssn"=>"1932-6203", "title"=>"PLOS ONE"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>1, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2013-08-16T18:54:05Z", "replies"=>[{"type"=>"REPLY", "parentID"=>70145, "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/reply/30644e7b-d10d-40fd-bcc5-9b59e7c40547", "title"=>" Media coverage of this article", "body"=>"The following article represents some of the media coverage that has occurred for this paper:\n\nPublication: EurekAlert press release \nTitle: “5-year olds choose to 'play nice' based on other kids' reputations”\nhttp://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2013-08/plos-foc080213.php\n\nIf you see any additional coverage of this paper in the press or blogosphere, please reply to this thread and add the link to the article. \n", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2013-08-16T18:54:05Z", "lastModified"=>"2013-08-16T18:54:05Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"80539"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>true, "body"=>"PLOS ONE Staff"}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0070915", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSONE"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSONE", "eIssn"=>"1932-6203", "title"=>"PLOS ONE"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>0, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2013-08-16T18:54:05Z", "replies"=>[]}]}

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• {"id"=>"365219067046539266", "text"=>"Children are more likely to be altruistic toward peers who demonstrate helpfulness http://t.co/LAia7ZYv0n", "created_at"=>"2013-08-07T21:13:05Z", "user"=>"PLOSONE", "user_name"=>"PLOS ONE", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2429958559/mzjl6as5u2m09r2erof6_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"365219127666802689", "text"=>"RT @PLOSONE: Children are more likely to be altruistic toward peers who demonstrate helpfulness http://t.co/LAia7ZYv0n", "created_at"=>"2013-08-07T21:13:20Z", "user"=>"ichipoohmt", "user_name"=>"ichipoohmt (bot)", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/378800000207577521/6902b29033382aca41b5f1423e5b5096_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"365219575215816704", "text"=>"RT @PLOSONE: Children are more likely to be altruistic toward peers who demonstrate helpfulness http://t.co/LAia7ZYv0n", "created_at"=>"2013-08-07T21:15:06Z", "user"=>"anguebus", "user_name"=>"Salvador Robles ", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3258175929/0fc0a17e144c1afbec9eb4d0dfb7af4f_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"365222689385889794", "text"=>"RT @PLOSONE: Children are more likely to be altruistic toward peers who demonstrate helpfulness http://t.co/LAia7ZYv0n", "created_at"=>"2013-08-07T21:27:29Z", "user"=>"Kenji_ONISHI", "user_name"=>"Kenji ONISHI", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1080277491/DSC00055_4_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"365227186107596800", "text"=>"RT @PLOSONE: Children are more likely to be altruistic toward peers who demonstrate helpfulness http://t.co/LAia7ZYv0n", "created_at"=>"2013-08-07T21:45:21Z", "user"=>"lepetiteelise", "user_name"=>"Stephanie-Elise", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3326885570/be3e3974dadc85d145801e0f884a43b9_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"365234481780629506", "text"=>"\"@PLOSONE: Children are more likely to be altruistic toward peers who demonstrate helpfulness http://t.co/Cdp79N1ao9\"", "created_at"=>"2013-08-07T22:14:20Z", "user"=>"Ayo_Toye", "user_name"=>"Dr Ayo A. Toye", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/sticky/default_profile_images/default_profile_4_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"365242396084158464", "text"=>"RT @PLOSONE: Children are more likely to be altruistic toward peers who demonstrate helpfulness http://t.co/LAia7ZYv0n", "created_at"=>"2013-08-07T22:45:47Z", "user"=>"cnieblapub", "user_name"=>"Carlos Niebla", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3675417950/c0f237fd50da8c315be36c7e338a9458_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"365251502077521920", "text"=>"Preschool Children’s Behavioral Tendency toward Social Indirect Reciprocity http://t.co/jKWGgvWCqO", "created_at"=>"2013-08-07T23:21:58Z", "user"=>"wahyuwei", "user_name"=>"wahyu wei", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3608940367/2f336e9417ddb744dda2076c33108280_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"365280961384038401", "text"=>"ちなみに論文はこれ\nPreschool Children’s Behavioral Tendency toward Social Indirect Reciprocity http://t.co/xxkktylMqR", "created_at"=>"2013-08-08T01:19:02Z", "user"=>"nojo_k", "user_name"=>"Yas KINOSADA", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3089766778/2e273842d7778a03fc15d7ff0f19024f_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"365281167580213248", "text"=>"RT @nojo_k: ちなみに論文はこれ\nPreschool Children’s Behavioral Tendency toward Social Indirect Reciprocity http://t.co/xxkktylMqR", "created_at"=>"2013-08-08T01:19:51Z", "user"=>"Noahcatlee", "user_name"=>"Yang Li//黒猫大摩王", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2970427984/a031f329e76bc5a278edb8bd4bd7a8d1_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"365285134339031040", "text"=>"RT @nojo_k: ちなみに論文はこれ\nPreschool Children’s Behavioral Tendency toward Social Indirect Reciprocity http://t.co/xxkktylMqR", "created_at"=>"2013-08-08T01:35:37Z", "user"=>"Manyaces", "user_name"=>"AAA, AuA ੯ੁૂ‧̀͡u\\", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1579822465/neko2_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"365287035185012737", "text"=>"RT @nojo_k: ちなみに論文はこれ\nPreschool Children’s Behavioral Tendency toward Social Indirect Reciprocity http://t.co/xxkktylMqR", "created_at"=>"2013-08-08T01:43:10Z", "user"=>"masaha03", "user_name"=>"林真広/HAYASHI Masahiro", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1531580800/ScreenClip__5__normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"365289303707885569", "text"=>"RT @nojo_k: ちなみに論文はこれ\nPreschool Children’s Behavioral Tendency toward Social Indirect Reciprocity http://t.co/xxkktylMqR", "created_at"=>"2013-08-08T01:52:11Z", "user"=>"ecoecoecho", "user_name"=>"あどけなくbot", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/344513261583844907/16881aeef18affca8c9decf8a05d93c6_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"365290858603491331", "text"=>"RT @nojo_k: ちなみに論文はこれ\nPreschool Children’s Behavioral Tendency toward Social Indirect Reciprocity http://t.co/xxkktylMqR", "created_at"=>"2013-08-08T01:58:22Z", "user"=>"uncorrelated", "user_name"=>"uncorrelated", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3658421432/7701a3bd22bf6f31d55ea7ec9e6a4569_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"365296226373091328", "text"=>"RT @nojo_k: ちなみに論文はこれ\nPreschool Children’s Behavioral Tendency toward Social Indirect Reciprocity http://t.co/xxkktylMqR", "created_at"=>"2013-08-08T02:19:41Z", "user"=>"JacquelineAmano", "user_name"=>"じゃくりーぬ", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/378800000098629114/c06988cdbdd2622b14ca94a7094df7ee_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"365299071159771138", "text"=>"Kindy kids are more likely to be helpful to other children if they've seen them being nice themselves, say scientists http://t.co/98ufxctahT", "created_at"=>"2013-08-08T02:31:00Z", "user"=>"AusSMC", "user_name"=>"Au Science Media Ctr", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/700391083/twitter_logo_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"365320124468707329", "text"=>"RT @nojo_k: ちなみに論文はこれ\nPreschool Children’s Behavioral Tendency toward Social Indirect Reciprocity http://t.co/xxkktylMqR", "created_at"=>"2013-08-08T03:54:39Z", "user"=>"mashed_matthew", "user_name"=>"T.Teraguchi", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1166989877/100725_1713_01_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"365355483772628993", "text"=>"米オンライン科学誌「プロスワン」のリンク→　http://t.co/u7Wx5a9Ws8", "created_at"=>"2013-08-08T06:15:09Z", "user"=>"Tokyo7boy", "user_name"=>"都会的少年", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1586368625/icon958853536899154392DSCN0100-S_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"365395917391671297", "text"=>"RT @PLOSONE: Children are more likely to be altruistic toward peers who demonstrate helpfulness http://t.co/LAia7ZYv0n", "created_at"=>"2013-08-08T08:55:50Z", "user"=>"renebekkers", "user_name"=>"Rene Bekkers", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3217733689/81ca6e6f16a5eeb118677970d5fd1854_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"365398458712080384", "text"=>"幼児の利他性に関する論文がPLOS ONEから出ました。5―6歳児は他児に親切にしている児を見た後、その児に対してより親切になることを日常場面を観察して示しました。\n論文URL：http://t.co/GsccckhNgC", "created_at"=>"2013-08-08T09:05:55Z", "user"=>"Kenji_ONISHI", "user_name"=>"Kenji ONISHI", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1080277491/DSC00055_4_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"365398478052012033", "text"=>"Los niños muestran conductas prosociales con más frecuencia hacia compañeros que han ayudado previamente a otros. http://t.co/2IGt0oyez6", "created_at"=>"2013-08-08T09:06:00Z", "user"=>"DesayunoDudas", "user_name"=>"Cintia Refojo", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/378800000232694061/24180da5cc1595c9294ffee3e29d2ce4_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"365399283240943617", "text"=>"RT @Kenji_ONISHI: 幼児の利他性に関する論文がPLOS ONEから出ました。5―6歳児は他児に親切にしている児を見た後、その児に対してより親切になることを日常場面を観察して示しました。\n論文URL：http://t.co/GsccckhNgC", "created_at"=>"2013-08-08T09:09:12Z", "user"=>"matsusakat", "user_name"=>"Matsusaka T / 松阪崇久", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1080761476/CEface_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"365400525606367233", "text"=>"「情けは人のためならず」を初実証　阪大グループ - MSN産経ニュース http://t.co/kFAKuhJJb4\n元論文URL(英語)：http://t.co/vuuYbhhLLV", "created_at"=>"2013-08-08T09:14:08Z", "user"=>"Kenji_ONISHI", "user_name"=>"Kenji ONISHI", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1080277491/DSC00055_4_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"365401444649672704", "text"=>"RT @Kenji_ONISHI: 「情けは人のためならず」を初実証　阪大グループ - MSN産経ニュース http://t.co/kFAKuhJJb4\n元論文URL(英語)：http://t.co/vuuYbhhLLV", "created_at"=>"2013-08-08T09:17:47Z", "user"=>"kinsuke8", "user_name"=>"きんすけ", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/840547130/for_twitter_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"365401489507753985", "text"=>"RT @Kenji_ONISHI: 幼児の利他性に関する論文がPLOS ONEから出ました。5―6歳児は他児に親切にしている児を見た後、その児に対してより親切になることを日常場面を観察して示しました。\n論文URL：http://t.co/GsccckhNgC", "created_at"=>"2013-08-08T09:17:58Z", "user"=>"kinsuke8", "user_name"=>"きんすけ", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/840547130/for_twitter_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"365401497686642688", "text"=>"幼児の親切:友だちから１１倍以上の頻度で「お返し」 - 毎日jp http://t.co/lsdUteGjYV\n元論文URL(英語)：http://t.co/GsccckhNgC", "created_at"=>"2013-08-08T09:18:00Z", "user"=>"Kenji_ONISHI", "user_name"=>"Kenji ONISHI", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1080277491/DSC00055_4_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"365402402762919937", "text"=>"RT @Kenji_ONISHI: 幼児の親切:友だちから１１倍以上の頻度で「お返し」 - 毎日jp http://t.co/lsdUteGjYV\n元論文URL(英語)：http://t.co/GsccckhNgC", "created_at"=>"2013-08-08T09:21:36Z", "user"=>"kinsuke8", "user_name"=>"きんすけ", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/840547130/for_twitter_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"365403987270303744", "text"=>"RT @Kenji_ONISHI: 幼児の利他性に関する論文がPLOS ONEから出ました。5―6歳児は他児に親切にしている児を見た後、その児に対してより親切になることを日常場面を観察して示しました。\n論文URL：http://t.co/GsccckhNgC", "created_at"=>"2013-08-08T09:27:54Z", "user"=>"katsuno_san", "user_name"=>"りこかつの", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3693864480/c4990bc2969678fd1aeeec618e50263f_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"365411051426164736", "text"=>"RT @Kenji_ONISHI: 「情けは人のためならず」を初実証　阪大グループ - MSN産経ニュース http://t.co/kFAKuhJJb4\n元論文URL(英語)：http://t.co/vuuYbhhLLV", "created_at"=>"2013-08-08T09:55:58Z", "user"=>"ichiko74", "user_name"=>"Sayoko Ichikawa", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1534198836/Blansch59-64-75-82__-_____normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"365411211740844032", "text"=>"RT @Kenji_ONISHI: 幼児の親切:友だちから１１倍以上の頻度で「お返し」 - 毎日jp http://t.co/lsdUteGjYV\n元論文URL(英語)：http://t.co/GsccckhNgC", "created_at"=>"2013-08-08T09:56:36Z", "user"=>"ichiko74", "user_name"=>"Sayoko Ichikawa", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1534198836/Blansch59-64-75-82__-_____normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"365425733251776513", "text"=>"RT @Kenji_ONISHI: 「情けは人のためならず」を初実証　阪大グループ - MSN産経ニュース http://t.co/kFAKuhJJb4\n元論文URL(英語)：http://t.co/vuuYbhhLLV", "created_at"=>"2013-08-08T10:54:18Z", "user"=>"ryo_kida", "user_name"=>"きだっと君", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/378800000174787928/fc8c293d24af47f36c54faf561ab4f9c_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"365426565049356288", "text"=>"RT @Kenji_ONISHI: 「情けは人のためならず」を初実証　阪大グループ - MSN産経ニュース http://t.co/kFAKuhJJb4\n元論文URL(英語)：http://t.co/vuuYbhhLLV", "created_at"=>"2013-08-08T10:57:37Z", "user"=>"mokusyun", "user_name"=>"もくしゅんモザイク@ローソンマン", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/378800000165788889/208c597b46efdd7249064639e7614650_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"365432560945340416", "text"=>"PLOS ONEの原著は以下の通り。やっぱ英ジャーナルだと新聞に載るのか。発達心理学の領域ではなかなか話題に乗りにくいのでなー。\nhttp://t.co/dPxs6Y2fFI", "created_at"=>"2013-08-08T11:21:26Z", "user"=>"wara_style", "user_name"=>"わら。", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1256443092/screen-capture-1_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"365469381955817472", "text"=>"◆PLOS ONE: Preschool Children’s Behavioral Tendency toward Social Indirect Reciprocity http://t.co/nBWDV58SZ0 #ss954", "created_at"=>"2013-08-08T13:47:45Z", "user"=>"MERLION_HM", "user_name"=>"HIROYUKI MORI", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1307770284/015100_IMGP0522_bigger_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"365501324558745600", "text"=>"Preschool #Children’s Behavioral Tendency toward Social Indirect Reciprocity.\nhttp://t.co/2ZhtwM6MI0", "created_at"=>"2013-08-08T15:54:41Z", "user"=>"eccsh", "user_name"=>"英語部", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3009665441/70a903f903076bd10ac3bb30c9c00a82_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"365506351213977600", "text"=>"RT @Kenji_ONISHI: 「情けは人のためならず」を初実証　阪大グループ - MSN産経ニュース http://t.co/kFAKuhJJb4\n元論文URL(英語)：http://t.co/vuuYbhhLLV", "created_at"=>"2013-08-08T16:14:39Z", "user"=>"Zenonno", "user_name"=>"なおこ", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2795637468/3e3a380da28743868ec07509e876095e_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"365519694914011136", "text"=>"「情けは人のためならず」を初実証　阪大グループ - MSN産経ニュース http://t.co/83OdoVzz0D | 論文： http://t.co/L5SQFEPZmi", "created_at"=>"2013-08-08T17:07:40Z", "user"=>"ma_naka", "user_name"=>"Nakamura", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3467179408/6b8651d9f0a382b8c708051b5c186b00_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"365603665425350656", "text"=>"RT @ma_naka: 「情けは人のためならず」を初実証　阪大グループ - MSN産経ニュース http://t.co/83OdoVzz0D | 論文： http://t.co/L5SQFEPZmi", "created_at"=>"2013-08-08T22:41:21Z", "user"=>"vulcain", "user_name"=>"ヴァルカン", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/56807110/clp_pen04_normal.gif"}
• {"id"=>"365659440638214144", "text"=>"今日のNHKニュースにあった関節互恵性の論文発見 → PLOS ONE: Preschool Children’s Behavioral Tendency toward Social Indirect Reciprocity http://t.co/oSsQBfLN7T", "created_at"=>"2013-08-09T02:22:58Z", "user"=>"mtknnktm", "user_name"=>"takano", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1248267798/Image042_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"365737238551740416", "text"=>"RT @PLOSONE: Children are more likely to be altruistic toward peers who demonstrate helpfulness http://t.co/LAia7ZYv0n", "created_at"=>"2013-08-09T07:32:07Z", "user"=>"nm_cerah", "user_name"=>"MicaO（みー）", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3666054552/38068a59526ffa4fd2e994370e08ead6_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"365814808123150337", "text"=>"hope this will be the case!! #PLOSONE: Preschool Children’s Behavioral Tendency toward Social Indirect Reciprocity http://t.co/c60rvbFVfU", "created_at"=>"2013-08-09T12:40:21Z", "user"=>"atonton28", "user_name"=>"Aki Tonami", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3607150245/311fd434ef9184a08abd688a10405057_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"365817813098692609", "text"=>"#PLOSONE: Preschool Children’s Behavioral Tendency toward Social Indirect Reciprocity http://t.co/mKA3aKjup6", "created_at"=>"2013-08-09T12:52:17Z", "user"=>"takaoffice", "user_name"=>"犬飼孝夫 INUKAI Takao", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1876695464/Takao05March2012-2_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"365849339844771840", "text"=>"元論文はこちら http://t.co/FUIdP4bw2O 。 / “親切な子“親切にされやすい”　NHKニュース” http://t.co/gKFaqvAtDo", "created_at"=>"2013-08-09T14:57:34Z", "user"=>"afcp_01", "user_name"=>"afcp", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/647274906/icon_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"365947751877459968", "text"=>"RT @afcp_01: 元論文はこちら http://t.co/FUIdP4bw2O 。 / “親切な子“親切にされやすい”　NHKニュース” http://t.co/gKFaqvAtDo", "created_at"=>"2013-08-09T21:28:37Z", "user"=>"masukei", "user_name"=>"masukei", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/64993753/himawarisun_normal.JPG"}
• {"id"=>"365978915963015168", "text"=>"RT @afcp_01: 元論文はこちら http://t.co/FUIdP4bw2O 。 / “親切な子“親切にされやすい”　NHKニュース” http://t.co/gKFaqvAtDo", "created_at"=>"2013-08-09T23:32:27Z", "user"=>"tan9ent", "user_name"=>"tan9ent", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/929400446/user_profile_16_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"365994686449582080", "text"=>"RT @afcp_01: 元論文はこちら http://t.co/FUIdP4bw2O 。 / “親切な子“親切にされやすい”　NHKニュース” http://t.co/gKFaqvAtDo", "created_at"=>"2013-08-10T00:35:07Z", "user"=>"Fuusennotora", "user_name"=>"風船の寅", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1287354228/______normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"365996729310523392", "text"=>"RT @afcp_01: 元論文はこちら http://t.co/FUIdP4bw2O 。 / “親切な子“親切にされやすい”　NHKニュース” http://t.co/gKFaqvAtDo", "created_at"=>"2013-08-10T00:43:14Z", "user"=>"jandalno", "user_name"=>"maru", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/378800000027583499/e750014c52d174450e4790d2761a1c7f_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"366007186993852416", "text"=>"他人に親切にするのはやはり大切ですね。「情けは人のためならず」を初実証　阪大グループ - ITmedia ニュース http://t.co/P4othpXz6T 原文は、こちら　http://t.co/UOJ2XOyFeP", "created_at"=>"2013-08-10T01:24:48Z", "user"=>"spoken_bkc", "user_name"=>"spoken", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1570568811/DSC01157_normal.JPG"}
• {"id"=>"366007798695329792", "text"=>"RT @spoken_bkc: 他人に親切にするのはやはり大切ですね。「情けは人のためならず」を初実証　阪大グループ - ITmedia ニュース http://t.co/P4othpXz6T 原文は、こちら　http://t.co/UOJ2XOyFeP", "created_at"=>"2013-08-10T01:27:13Z", "user"=>"syuhei", "user_name"=>"Syuhei KIMURA", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1136608950/papiko_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"366361913594085376", "text"=>"RT @afcp_01: 元論文はこちら http://t.co/wKoOLeuiYs 。 / “親切な子“親切にされやすい”　NHKニュース” http://t.co/kMM9y38PXM", "created_at"=>"2013-08-11T00:54:21Z", "user"=>"kozoyoshida", "user_name"=>"吉田晃三", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2902573599/02e55bc08e35e3b95e5a7d9cc6f4da2f_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"366372596062748673", "text"=>"RT @kozoyoshida: RT @afcp_01: 元論文はこちら http://t.co/wKoOLeuiYs 。 / “親切な子“親切にされやすい”　NHKニュース” http://t.co/kMM9y38PXM", "created_at"=>"2013-08-11T01:36:48Z", "user"=>"unokam", "user_name"=>"KAM(カム)", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3416162384/aaa36ac7f85afbb6fc6d90c18385e1b1_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"366714190775328769", "text"=>"あるヒトが他者に親切にする\nするとそれを観察したヒトは、他者に親切にしていたヒトに対して選択的に親切にする\nPLOS ONEより\nhttp://t.co/PA8GGZeChr\n実験対象は5-6歳の幼児", "created_at"=>"2013-08-12T00:14:10Z", "user"=>"nakayamouse1013", "user_name"=>"nakayamouse", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3675622566/e96d669d7fd6dccbcce5843cbcfe1bef_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"977739443330203648", "text"=>"???????(..)?#PLOSONE: Preschool Children’s Behavioral Tendency toward Social Indirect Reciprocity https://t.co/dHbBdrkKGC", "created_at"=>"2018-03-25T02:50:23Z", "user"=>"kaihiraishi", "user_name"=>"Hiraishi Kai", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/436049875612876801/lnkDmQyA_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"977763015213764608", "text"=>"RT @kaihiraishi: ???????(..)?#PLOSONE: Preschool Children’s Behavioral Tendency toward Social Indirect Reciprocity https://t.co/dHbBdrkKGC", "created_at"=>"2018-03-25T04:24:03Z", "user"=>"staguchi74", "user_name"=>"satoshi taguchi", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/664761544/kinkakuji.jpg_normal.jpg"}

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Figshare

• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1145992"], "description"=>"<p>We analyzed the data in 566 sessions (283 PP-MC pairs, focal child = 12, bystander = 56, focal-bystander dyad = 144) in Analysis 1, Model 1. The generalized linear mixed model with Poisson error structures was used in the analysis. In the linear model with categorical independent variables, one of the levels was treated as a criterion, and the parameters of the other levels were estimated as the difference from the criterion level. In this model, in the factor “context”, the level “MC” was treated as a criterion, and the coefficient of “PP” was shown as the differences from the level of “MC”.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["Evolutionary biology", "Animal behavior", "Zoology", "Mental health", "psychology", "Developmental psychology", "pediatrics", "Child development", "behavior", "emotions", "Cognitive psychology", "Social psychology", "prosocial", "bystanders"], "article_id"=>766768, "categories"=>["Medicine", "Biological Sciences", "Sociology"], "users"=>["Mayuko Kato-Shimizu", "Kenji Onishi", "Tadahiro Kanazawa", "Toshihiko Hinobayashi"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0070915.t002", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>10, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Influence_of_independent_factors_on_the_number_of_prosocial_behavior_from_bystanders_in_Analysis_1_Model_1_/766768", "title"=>"Influence of independent factors on the number of prosocial behavior from bystanders in Analysis 1, Model 1.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>3, "published_date"=>"2013-08-07 02:17:06"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1145990"], "description"=>"<p>Data are represented as session means ±1 SE of the actual measured value of frequencies of prosocial behavior and affiliative behavior for each context. ^***<i>p</i><.001. The <i>p</i> values were calculated from the estimated values in Analysis1: Model 1 and Model 2.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["Evolutionary biology", "Animal behavior", "Zoology", "Mental health", "psychology", "Developmental psychology", "pediatrics", "Child development", "behavior", "emotions", "Cognitive psychology", "Social psychology", "frequencies", "prosocial", "affiliative"], "article_id"=>766765, "categories"=>["Medicine", "Biological Sciences", "Sociology"], "users"=>["Mayuko Kato-Shimizu", "Kenji Onishi", "Tadahiro Kanazawa", "Toshihiko Hinobayashi"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0070915.g001", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>6, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Actual_frequencies_of_prosocial_and_affiliative_behavior_per_hour_in_terms_of_context_/766765", "title"=>"Actual frequencies of prosocial and affiliative behavior per hour in terms of context.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2013-08-07 02:17:06"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1145991"], "description"=>"<p>Definitions of coded prosocial behaviors and affiliative behaviors.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["Evolutionary biology", "Animal behavior", "Zoology", "Mental health", "psychology", "Developmental psychology", "pediatrics", "Child development", "behavior", "emotions", "Cognitive psychology", "Social psychology", "coded", "prosocial", "behaviors", "affiliative"], "article_id"=>766766, "categories"=>["Medicine", "Biological Sciences", "Sociology"], "users"=>["Mayuko Kato-Shimizu", "Kenji Onishi", "Tadahiro Kanazawa", "Toshihiko Hinobayashi"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0070915.t001", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>11, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Definitions_of_coded_prosocial_behaviors_and_affiliative_behaviors_/766766", "title"=>"Definitions of coded prosocial behaviors and affiliative behaviors.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>3, "published_date"=>"2013-08-07 02:17:06"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1145997", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1146000", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1146001", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1146003", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1146004", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1146006"], "description"=>"<div><p>Social indirect reciprocity seems to be crucial in enabling large-scale cooperative networks among genetically unrelated individuals in humans. However, there are relatively few studies on social indirect reciprocity in children compared to adults. Investigating whether young children have a behavioral tendency toward social indirect reciprocity will help us understand how and when the fundamental ability to form cooperative relationships among adults is acquired. Using naturalistic observation at a nursery school, this study examined whether 5- to 6-year-olds show a behavioral tendency to engage in social indirect reciprocity in response to their peers’ prosocial behavior toward a third party. The results revealed that bystander children tended to display prosocial behavior toward their peers more frequently after observing these peers’ prosocial behavior toward third-party peers, compared with control situations; this suggests that 5- to 6-year-olds may have an essential behavioral tendency to establish social indirect reciprocity when interacting with peers in their daily lives. In addition, bystanders tended to display affiliative behavior after observing focal children’s prosocial behavior. In other words, observing peers’ prosocial behavior toward third-party peers evoked bystanders’ positive emotions toward the helpers. Considering both the present results and previous findings, we speculate that in preschoolers, such positive emotions might mediate the increase in the bystander’s prosocial behavior toward the helper. In addition, an intuitional emotional process plays an important role in the preschooler’s behavioral tendency toward social indirect reciprocity in natural interactions with peers.</p></div>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["Evolutionary biology", "Animal behavior", "Zoology", "Mental health", "psychology", "Developmental psychology", "pediatrics", "Child development", "behavior", "emotions", "Cognitive psychology", "Social psychology", "indirect"], "article_id"=>766772, "categories"=>["Medicine", "Biological Sciences", "Sociology"], "users"=>["Mayuko Kato-Shimizu", "Kenji Onishi", "Tadahiro Kanazawa", "Toshihiko Hinobayashi"], "doi"=>["https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0070915.s001", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0070915.s002", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0070915.s003", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0070915.s004", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0070915.s005", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0070915.s006"], "stats"=>{"downloads"=>8, "page_views"=>11, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Preschool_Children_8217_s_Behavioral_Tendency_toward_Social_Indirect_Reciprocity_/766772", "title"=>"Preschool Children’s Behavioral Tendency toward Social Indirect Reciprocity", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>4, "published_date"=>"2013-08-07 02:17:06"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1145994"], "description"=>"<p>We analyzed the data in 566 sessions (283 PP-MC pairs, focal child = 12, bystander = 56, focal-bystander dyad = 144) in Analysis 1, Model 2. In the factor “context”, the parameters were shown in the same way as <a href=\"http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0070915#pone-0070915-t002\" target=\"_blank\">Table 2</a>.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["Evolutionary biology", "Animal behavior", "Zoology", "Mental health", "psychology", "Developmental psychology", "pediatrics", "Child development", "behavior", "emotions", "Cognitive psychology", "Social psychology", "affiliative", "bystanders"], "article_id"=>766769, "categories"=>["Medicine", "Biological Sciences", "Sociology"], "users"=>["Mayuko Kato-Shimizu", "Kenji Onishi", "Tadahiro Kanazawa", "Toshihiko Hinobayashi"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0070915.t003", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>12, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Influence_of_independent_factors_on_the_number_of_affiliative_behavior_from_bystanders_in_Analysis_1_Model_2_/766769", "title"=>"Influence of independent factors on the number of affiliative behavior from bystanders in Analysis 1, Model 2.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>3, "published_date"=>"2013-08-07 02:17:06"}

PMC Usage Stats | Further Information

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Relative Metric

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F1000Prime