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{"title"=>"Evidence against the Involvement of Chronic Cerebrospinal Venous Abnormalities in Multiple Sclerosis. A Case-Control Study", "type"=>"journal", "authors"=>[{"first_name"=>"Ian W.", "last_name"=>"Rodger", "scopus_author_id"=>"36878229500"}, {"first_name"=>"Dorothy", "last_name"=>"Dilar", "scopus_author_id"=>"55820972700"}, {"first_name"=>"Janet", "last_name"=>"Dwyer", "scopus_author_id"=>"55821754100"}, {"first_name"=>"John", "last_name"=>"Bienenstock", "scopus_author_id"=>"7101716340"}, {"first_name"=>"Andu", "last_name"=>"Coret", "scopus_author_id"=>"55821652600"}, {"first_name"=>"Judith", "last_name"=>"Coret-Simon", "scopus_author_id"=>"12770157400"}, {"first_name"=>"Gary", "last_name"=>"Foster", "scopus_author_id"=>"7403211223"}, {"first_name"=>"Arlene", "last_name"=>"Franchetto", "scopus_author_id"=>"6602210859"}, {"first_name"=>"Slobodan", "last_name"=>"Franic", "scopus_author_id"=>"56439803900"}, {"first_name"=>"Charles H.", "last_name"=>"Goldsmith", "scopus_author_id"=>"24359010500"}, {"first_name"=>"David", "last_name"=>"Koff", "scopus_author_id"=>"12139415900"}, {"first_name"=>"Norman B.", "last_name"=>"Konyer", "scopus_author_id"=>"6506063614"}, {"first_name"=>"Mitchell", "last_name"=>"Levine", "scopus_author_id"=>"35374537800"}, {"first_name"=>"Ellen", "last_name"=>"McDonald", "scopus_author_id"=>"55821366400"}, {"first_name"=>"Michael D.", "last_name"=>"Noseworthy", "scopus_author_id"=>"6701776288"}, {"first_name"=>"John", "last_name"=>"Paulseth", "scopus_author_id"=>"6603282354"}, {"first_name"=>"Luciana", "last_name"=>"Ribeiro", "scopus_author_id"=>"55822001200"}, {"first_name"=>"Mary Jane", "last_name"=>"Sayles", "scopus_author_id"=>"55861403800"}, {"first_name"=>"Lehana", "last_name"=>"Thabane", "scopus_author_id"=>"6603556364"}], "year"=>2013, "source"=>"PLoS ONE", "identifiers"=>{"scopus"=>"2-s2.0-84881535186", "sgr"=>"84881535186", "issn"=>"19326203", "doi"=>"10.1371/journal.pone.0072495", "pmid"=>"23967312", "pui"=>"369566639"}, "id"=>"74956ca8-a651-33fc-ab14-e6ed752a52df", "abstract"=>"OBJECTIVE: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease of the CNS. Recently a controversial vascular hypothesis for MS, termed chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI), has been advanced. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relative prevalence of the venous abnormalities that define CCSVI. METHODS: A case-control study was conducted in which 100 MS patients aged between 18-65 y meeting the revised McDonald criteria were randomly selected and stratified into one of four MS subtypes: relapsing/remitting, secondary progressive, primary progressive and benign. Control subjects (16-70 y) with no known history of MS or other neurological condition were matched with the MS cases. All cases and controls underwent ultrasound imaging of the veins of the neck plus the deep cerebral veins, and magnetic resonance imaging of the neck veins and brain. These procedures were performed on each participant on the same day. RESULTS: On ultrasound we found no evidence of reflux, stenosis or blockage in the internal jugular veins (IJV) or vertebral veins (VV) in any study participant. Similarly, there was no evidence of either reflux or cessation of flow in the deep cerebral veins in any subject. Flow was detected in the IJV and VV in all study participants. Amongst 199 participants there was one MS subject who fulfilled the minimum two ultrasound criteria for CCSVI. Using MRI we found no significant differences in either the intra- or extra-cranial venous flow velocity or venous architecture between cases and controls. CONCLUSION: This case-control study provides compelling evidence against the involvement of CCSVI in multiple sclerosis.", "link"=>"http://www.mendeley.com/research/evidence-against-involvement-chronic-cerebrospinal-venous-abnormalities-multiple-sclerosis-casecontr", "reader_count"=>9, "reader_count_by_academic_status"=>{"Researcher"=>2, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>3, "Student > Master"=>2, "Student > Bachelor"=>2}, "reader_count_by_user_role"=>{"Researcher"=>2, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>3, "Student > Master"=>2, "Student > Bachelor"=>2}, "reader_count_by_subject_area"=>{"Nursing and Health Professions"=>2, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>1, "Medicine and Dentistry"=>5, "Psychology"=>1}, "reader_count_by_subdiscipline"=>{"Medicine and Dentistry"=>{"Medicine and Dentistry"=>5}, "Psychology"=>{"Psychology"=>1}, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>{"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>1}, "Nursing and Health Professions"=>{"Nursing and Health Professions"=>2}}, "reader_count_by_country"=>{"Canada"=>1, "Ghana"=>1}, "group_count"=>0}

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• http://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00776.2018
• http://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.25833
• http://doi.org/10.5758/vsi.2015.31.1.11
• http://doi.org/10.5758/vsi.2015.31.3.106
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejvs.2014.01.005
• http://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-14-445
• http://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.297
• http://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-014-3587-x
• http://doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2015.245
• http://doi.org/10.12659/PJR.890379
• http://doi.org/10.5758/vsi.2015.31.4.135
• http://doi.org/10.1111/jon.12183
• http://doi.org/10.1259/bjr.20160321
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvir.2014.07.024

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• 4049975
• 4049975
• 4480289
• 4603685
• 4694186

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• {"type"=>"COMMENT", "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/annotation/a1ae22d2-49a5-4c0b-9b9d-dbb08773216b", "title"=>"CAREFUL APPLICATION OF THE RECOMMENDED PROTOCOLS IMPROVE REPRODUCIBILITY AND PERMIT COMPARISON AMONG CCSVI STUDIES.", "body"=>"http://www.plosone.org/attachments/pone.0072495.comment1.pdf", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2013-08-15T00:12:49Z", "lastModified"=>"2013-08-15T00:12:49Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"361019"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>false}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0072495", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSONE"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSONE", "eIssn"=>"1932-6203", "title"=>"PLOS ONE"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>0, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2013-08-15T00:12:49Z", "replies"=>[]}
• {"type"=>"COMMENT", "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/annotation/ef29cd2d-1fb2-4e46-bee3-fdb23a591cf6", "title"=>"Media coverage of this article", "body"=>"The following article represents some of the media coverage that has occurred for this paper:\n\nPublication: CTV News \nTitle: “No evidence of vein blockages related to CCSVI in MS patients, Canadian study says”\nhttp://www.ctvnews.ca/health/no-evidence-of-vein-blockages-in-ms-patients-canadian-study-says-1.1411101\n\nIf you see any additional coverage of this paper in the press or blogosphere, please reply to this thread and add the link to the article. \n", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2013-08-16T19:01:09Z", "lastModified"=>"2013-08-16T19:01:09Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"80539"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>true, "body"=>"PLOS ONE Staff"}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0072495", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSONE"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSONE", "eIssn"=>"1932-6203", "title"=>"PLOS ONE"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>3, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2013-09-17T16:06:15Z", "replies"=>[{"type"=>"REPLY", "parentID"=>70523, "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/reply/c32d6262-4c1d-4b9f-8a3c-e03289c5dafa", "title"=>"RE: Media coverage of this article", "body"=>"http://www.mediafire.com/download/6980g0uvvw88922/RICK+HOWE+SHOW+AUGUST+19,+2013.mp3\n\nhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NOphK-GBqAs\n", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2013-08-22T13:48:31Z", "lastModified"=>"2013-08-22T13:48:31Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"362739"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>false}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0072495", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSONE"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSONE", "eIssn"=>"1932-6203", "title"=>"PLOS ONE"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>2, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2013-09-17T16:06:15Z", "replies"=>[{"type"=>"REPLY", "parentID"=>70719, "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/reply/8e6e10e1-04bf-4803-abab-c6eefe191e80", "title"=>" Media coverage of this article", "body"=>"The following article represents some of the media coverage that has occurred for this paper:\n\nPublication: Macleans \nTitle: “Debunking the latest study ‘debunking’ CCSVI”\nhttp://www2.macleans.ca/2013/08/16/debunking-the-latest-study-debunking-ccsvi/\n\nIf you see any additional coverage of this paper in the press or blogosphere, please reply to this thread and add the link to the article. \n", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2013-08-23T18:15:31Z", "lastModified"=>"2013-08-23T18:15:31Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"80539"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>true, "body"=>"PLOS ONE Staff"}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0072495", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSONE"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSONE", "eIssn"=>"1932-6203", "title"=>"PLOS ONE"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>1, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2013-09-17T16:06:15Z", "replies"=>[{"type"=>"REPLY", "parentID"=>70909, "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/reply/6859104e-8333-4b75-be0c-e3c7f92455df", "title"=>" Media coverage of this article", "body"=>"The following articles represent some of the media coverage that has occurred for this paper:\n\nPublication: CBC News \nTitle: “MS blocked vein theory disputed in Canadian study”\nhttp://www.cbc.ca/news/health/story/2013/08/14/multiple-sclerosis-ccsvi-mcmaster.html\n\nPublication: Globe and Mail \nTitle: “Canadian study casts doubt on Zamboni's 'liberation treatment' for MS”\nhttp://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/health-and-fitness/health/canadian-study-finds-no-correlation-between-ms-and-blocked-neck-veins/article13775154/\n\nPublication: MedPage Today \nTitle: “Controversial MS Theory Flops Again”\nhttp://www.medpagetoday.com/Neurology/MultipleSclerosis/41026\n\nPublication: TCTMD \nTitle: “Further Evidence Discredits Venous Hypothesis in Multiple Sclerosis”\nhttp://www.tctmd.com/show.aspx?id=119715\n\nPublication: The Spec.com \nTitle: “Patients have faith in MS theory despite findings of McMaster study”\nhttp://www.thespec.com/news-story/4035242-patients-have-faith-in-ms-theory-despite-findings-of-mcmaster-study/\n\nIf you see any additional coverage of this paper in the press or blogosphere, please reply to this thread and add the link to the article. \n", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2013-09-17T16:06:15Z", "lastModified"=>"2013-09-17T16:06:15Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"80539"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>true, "body"=>"PLOS ONE Staff"}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0072495", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSONE"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSONE", "eIssn"=>"1932-6203", "title"=>"PLOS ONE"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>0, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2013-09-17T16:06:15Z", "replies"=>[]}]}]}]}
• {"type"=>"COMMENT", "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/annotation/548a12e7-64a3-4c87-b893-f6cc9ce02f68", "title"=>"Dalfampridine...", "body"=>"Because of the development of dalfampridine at McMaster University and of the position of the corresponding author in that institution, I think that the obvious conflict of interest should be declared.", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2013-08-18T15:05:44Z", "lastModified"=>"2013-08-18T15:05:44Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"361707"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>false}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0072495", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSONE"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSONE", "eIssn"=>"1932-6203", "title"=>"PLOS ONE"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>0, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2013-08-18T15:05:44Z", "replies"=>[]}

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• {"id"=>"368013496950489088", "text"=>"A nail in the coffin of CCSVI -- PLOS ONE: Evidence against Involvement of Cerebrospinal Venous Abnormalities in MS | http://t.co/dHd4845J1v", "created_at"=>"2013-08-15T14:17:09Z", "user"=>"pdbevan", "user_name"=>"Peter Bevan", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/378800000245045908/9c5412e81675dfbbf585e7d424f151ff_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"368016461928751107", "text"=>"http://t.co/p3n3828Ll3 http://t.co/AOAoDZ3zbU", "created_at"=>"2013-08-15T14:28:56Z", "user"=>"MSSociety_Brant", "user_name"=>"MSSociety_Brant", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/378800000208595596/eeb2ed5ec3bcc5176b187d972582028f_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"369143355705286657", "text"=>"Raise your hand if you're not surprised: illogical MS hypothesis not supported in recent study. EBM #FTW http://t.co/GCpOzBc8LH", "created_at"=>"2013-08-18T17:06:49Z", "user"=>"joshualandy", "user_name"=>"Joshua Landy", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3507496334/af7fcbfdacd078e645187adac9812957_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"369351265924304896", "text"=>"diciamolo che sono stati venduti a gran voce... http://t.co/q0lLbYoyCr", "created_at"=>"2013-08-19T06:52:58Z", "user"=>"CicciuM", "user_name"=>"Marilena Cicciù", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/378800000276322899/f1e83477fa7e040cb2323d62a7d6cb96_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"369449838665928704", "text"=>"PLOS ONE: Evidence against the Involvement of Chronic Cerebrospinal Venous Abnormalities in... http://t.co/Oos7P2FXWX", "created_at"=>"2013-08-19T13:24:40Z", "user"=>"Darknaike", "user_name"=>"TriplaI", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3272172549/63f9f97a55b4616fc48c56759738d69a_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"369523238671355905", "text"=>"Evidence against the Involvement of Chronic Cerebrospinal Venous Abnormalities in Multiple Sclerosis. http://t.co/vd3NhLzySq", "created_at"=>"2013-08-19T18:16:20Z", "user"=>"pascualozano", "user_name"=>"Pascual Lozano", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3568822404/38cb774583dd91f6f49972936bdbbc60_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"369523705958789120", "text"=>"Estudio contundente contra la teoria de Zamboni: http://t.co/vd3NhLzySq", "created_at"=>"2013-08-19T18:18:11Z", "user"=>"pascualozano", "user_name"=>"Pascual Lozano", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3568822404/38cb774583dd91f6f49972936bdbbc60_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"369524264908890112", "text"=>"RT @pascualozano: Estudio contundente contra la teoria de Zamboni: http://t.co/vd3NhLzySq", "created_at"=>"2013-08-19T18:20:24Z", "user"=>"vasculares", "user_name"=>"Cirujanos Vasculares", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/897408088/cvhhhh_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"369525590686048256", "text"=>"@AISM #PLOSONE: Evidence against the Involvement of Chronic Cerebrospinal Venous Abnormalities in Multiple Sclerosis. http://t.co/EJ9SKuw2Ox", "created_at"=>"2013-08-19T18:25:40Z", "user"=>"M_Reca", "user_name"=>"Maurizio Recanatini", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1832166845/irnerio_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"369526552951668736", "text"=>"@AISM_onlus #PLOSONE: Evidence against the Involvement of Chronic Cerebrospinal Venous Abnormalities in MS. http://t.co/EJ9SKuw2Ox", "created_at"=>"2013-08-19T18:29:30Z", "user"=>"M_Reca", "user_name"=>"Maurizio Recanatini", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1832166845/irnerio_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"369588229978468352", "text"=>"RT @pascualozano: Estudio contundente contra la teoria de Zamboni: http://t.co/vd3NhLzySq", "created_at"=>"2013-08-19T22:34:35Z", "user"=>"JuanPedroReyes", "user_name"=>"Juan Pedro Reyes", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2410134937/image_normal.jpg"}

Wikipedia | Further Information

• {"title"=>"Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency", "url"=>"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronic_cerebrospinal_venous_insufficiency", "timestamp"=>"2019-02-23T22:58:54Z"}
• {"title"=>"CCSVI", "url"=>"http://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/CCSVI", "timestamp"=>"2018-11-30T10:58:07Z"}

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Figshare

• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1170162"], "description"=>"<p>No significant differences were found between MS subjects and controls.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["Clinical research design", "Case-control studies", "neurology", "Demyelinating disorders", "Multiple sclerosis", "Neurodegenerative diseases", "neuroimaging", "radiology", "Diagnostic radiology", "Magnetic resonance imaging", "ultrasonography", "Medical physics", "ms", "patients", "matched", "controls", "ijvs", "mid-neck", "regions"], "article_id"=>772851, "categories"=>["Medicine"], "users"=>["Ian W. Rodger", "Dorothy Dilar", "Janet Dwyer", "John Bienenstock", "Andu Coret", "Judith Coret-Simon", "Gary Foster", "Arlene Franchetto", "Slobodan Franic", "Charles H. Goldsmith", "David Koff", "Norman B. Konyer", "Mitchell Levine", "Ellen McDonald", "Michael D. Noseworthy", "John Paulseth", "Luciana Ribeiro", "Mary Jane Sayles", "Lehana Thabane"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0072495.g001", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>2, "page_views"=>15, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Comparison_of_absolute_mean_flow_values_mL_min_177_SD_between_MS_patients_blue_and_their_matched_controls_red_measured_in_the_right_and_left_IJVs_at_the_high_neck_and_mid_neck_regions_as_well_as_in_the_straight_sinus_/772851", "title"=>"Comparison of absolute mean flow values (mL/min ± SD) between MS patients (blue) and their matched controls (red) measured in the right and left IJVs at the high neck and mid-neck regions as well as in the straight sinus.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2013-08-14 03:45:59"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1170163"], "description"=>"<p>IJV: Internal jugular veins; SD: standard deviation.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["Clinical research design", "Case-control studies", "neurology", "Demyelinating disorders", "Multiple sclerosis", "Neurodegenerative diseases", "neuroimaging", "radiology", "Diagnostic radiology", "Magnetic resonance imaging", "ultrasonography", "Medical physics", "asymmetry", "cases", "controls", "mid-neck"], "article_id"=>772852, "categories"=>["Medicine"], "users"=>["Ian W. Rodger", "Dorothy Dilar", "Janet Dwyer", "John Bienenstock", "Andu Coret", "Judith Coret-Simon", "Gary Foster", "Arlene Franchetto", "Slobodan Franic", "Charles H. Goldsmith", "David Koff", "Norman B. Konyer", "Mitchell Levine", "Ellen McDonald", "Michael D. Noseworthy", "John Paulseth", "Luciana Ribeiro", "Mary Jane Sayles", "Lehana Thabane"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0072495.t005", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>2, "page_views"=>17, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Differences_in_flow_asymmetry_right_8211_left_between_cases_and_controls_for_the_upper_and_mid_neck_IJV_/772852", "title"=>"Differences in flow asymmetry (right – left) between cases and controls for the upper and mid-neck IJV.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>3, "published_date"=>"2013-08-14 03:45:59"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1170164"], "description"=>"1<p>data missing for one subject test of Zamboni Rule using exact conditional logistic regression: p-value  = 0.991 OR and 95% CI not estimable.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["Clinical research design", "Case-control studies", "neurology", "Demyelinating disorders", "Multiple sclerosis", "Neurodegenerative diseases", "neuroimaging", "radiology", "Diagnostic radiology", "Magnetic resonance imaging", "ultrasonography", "Medical physics"], "article_id"=>772853, "categories"=>["Medicine"], "users"=>["Ian W. Rodger", "Dorothy Dilar", "Janet Dwyer", "John Bienenstock", "Andu Coret", "Judith Coret-Simon", "Gary Foster", "Arlene Franchetto", "Slobodan Franic", "Charles H. Goldsmith", "David Koff", "Norman B. Konyer", "Mitchell Levine", "Ellen McDonald", "Michael D. Noseworthy", "John Paulseth", "Luciana Ribeiro", "Mary Jane Sayles", "Lehana Thabane"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0072495.t004", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>1, "page_views"=>14, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Zamboni_Rule_/772853", "title"=>"Zamboni Rule.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>3, "published_date"=>"2013-08-14 03:45:59"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1170165"], "description"=>"<p>Clinical and Demographic Data.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["Clinical research design", "Case-control studies", "neurology", "Demyelinating disorders", "Multiple sclerosis", "Neurodegenerative diseases", "neuroimaging", "radiology", "Diagnostic radiology", "Magnetic resonance imaging", "ultrasonography", "Medical physics"], "article_id"=>772854, "categories"=>["Medicine"], "users"=>["Ian W. Rodger", "Dorothy Dilar", "Janet Dwyer", "John Bienenstock", "Andu Coret", "Judith Coret-Simon", "Gary Foster", "Arlene Franchetto", "Slobodan Franic", "Charles H. Goldsmith", "David Koff", "Norman B. Konyer", "Mitchell Levine", "Ellen McDonald", "Michael D. Noseworthy", "John Paulseth", "Luciana Ribeiro", "Mary Jane Sayles", "Lehana Thabane"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0072495.t001", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>1, "page_views"=>9, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Clinical_and_Demographic_Data_/772854", "title"=>"Clinical and Demographic Data.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>3, "published_date"=>"2013-08-14 03:45:59"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1170167"], "description"=>"1<p>data missing for one subject.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["Clinical research design", "Case-control studies", "neurology", "Demyelinating disorders", "Multiple sclerosis", "Neurodegenerative diseases", "neuroimaging", "radiology", "Diagnostic radiology", "Magnetic resonance imaging", "ultrasonography", "Medical physics"], "article_id"=>772856, "categories"=>["Medicine"], "users"=>["Ian W. Rodger", "Dorothy Dilar", "Janet Dwyer", "John Bienenstock", "Andu Coret", "Judith Coret-Simon", "Gary Foster", "Arlene Franchetto", "Slobodan Franic", "Charles H. Goldsmith", "David Koff", "Norman B. Konyer", "Mitchell Levine", "Ellen McDonald", "Michael D. Noseworthy", "John Paulseth", "Luciana Ribeiro", "Mary Jane Sayles", "Lehana Thabane"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0072495.t003", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>1, "page_views"=>6, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Zamboni_Criteria_/772856", "title"=>"Zamboni Criteria.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>3, "published_date"=>"2013-08-14 03:45:59"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1170168"], "description"=>"1<p>data missing for one subject.</p>2<p>values based on exact conditional logistic regression (case vs control).</p>3<p>defined as ΔCSA (supine - upright) <0.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["Clinical research design", "Case-control studies", "neurology", "Demyelinating disorders", "Multiple sclerosis", "Neurodegenerative diseases", "neuroimaging", "radiology", "Diagnostic radiology", "Magnetic resonance imaging", "ultrasonography", "Medical physics"], "article_id"=>772857, "categories"=>["Medicine"], "users"=>["Ian W. Rodger", "Dorothy Dilar", "Janet Dwyer", "John Bienenstock", "Andu Coret", "Judith Coret-Simon", "Gary Foster", "Arlene Franchetto", "Slobodan Franic", "Charles H. Goldsmith", "David Koff", "Norman B. Konyer", "Mitchell Levine", "Ellen McDonald", "Michael D. Noseworthy", "John Paulseth", "Luciana Ribeiro", "Mary Jane Sayles", "Lehana Thabane"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0072495.t002", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>1, "page_views"=>18, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Zamboni_Criteria_/772857", "title"=>"Zamboni Criteria.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>3, "published_date"=>"2013-08-14 03:45:59"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1170180", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1170181", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1170182", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1170184", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1170185", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1170186"], "description"=>"<div><p>Objective</p><p>Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease of the CNS. Recently a controversial vascular hypothesis for MS, termed chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI), has been advanced. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relative prevalence of the venous abnormalities that define CCSVI.</p><p>Methods</p><p>A case-control study was conducted in which 100 MS patients aged between 18–65 y meeting the revised McDonald criteria were randomly selected and stratified into one of four MS subtypes: relapsing/remitting, secondary progressive, primary progressive and benign. Control subjects (16–70 y) with no known history of MS or other neurological condition were matched with the MS cases. All cases and controls underwent ultrasound imaging of the veins of the neck plus the deep cerebral veins, and magnetic resonance imaging of the neck veins and brain. These procedures were performed on each participant on the same day.</p><p>Results</p><p>On ultrasound we found no evidence of reflux, stenosis or blockage in the internal jugular veins (IJV) or vertebral veins (VV) in any study participant. Similarly, there was no evidence of either reflux or cessation of flow in the deep cerebral veins in any subject. Flow was detected in the IJV and VV in all study participants. Amongst 199 participants there was one MS subject who fulfilled the minimum two ultrasound criteria for CCSVI. Using MRI we found no significant differences in either the intra- or extra-cranial venous flow velocity or venous architecture between cases and controls.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>This case-control study provides compelling evidence against the involvement of CCSVI in multiple sclerosis.</p></div>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["Clinical research design", "Case-control studies", "neurology", "Demyelinating disorders", "Multiple sclerosis", "Neurodegenerative diseases", "neuroimaging", "radiology", "Diagnostic radiology", "Magnetic resonance imaging", "ultrasonography", "Medical physics", "cerebrospinal", "venous", "abnormalities", "case-control"], "article_id"=>772863, "categories"=>["Medicine"], "users"=>["Ian W. Rodger", "Dorothy Dilar", "Janet Dwyer", "John Bienenstock", "Andu Coret", "Judith Coret-Simon", "Gary Foster", "Arlene Franchetto", "Slobodan Franic", "Charles H. Goldsmith", "David Koff", "Norman B. Konyer", "Mitchell Levine", "Ellen McDonald", "Michael D. Noseworthy", "John Paulseth", "Luciana Ribeiro", "Mary Jane Sayles", "Lehana Thabane"], "doi"=>["https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0072495.s001", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0072495.s002", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0072495.s003", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0072495.s004", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0072495.s005", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0072495.s006"], "stats"=>{"downloads"=>4, "page_views"=>11, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Evidence_against_the_Involvement_of_Chronic_Cerebrospinal_Venous_Abnormalities_in_Multiple_Sclerosis_A_Case_Control_Study_/772863", "title"=>"Evidence against the Involvement of Chronic Cerebrospinal Venous Abnormalities in Multiple Sclerosis. A Case-Control Study", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>4, "published_date"=>"2013-08-14 03:45:59"}

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Relative Metric

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