CiteULike | Further Information

• {"link"=>{"url"=>"http://www.citeulike.org/user/hawksjohnd/article/12618338"}, "post_time"=>"2013-09-14 18:37:51", "tag"=>["africa", "climate", "late_pleistocene", "out_of_africa", "paleoclimate"], "linkout"=>{"type"=>"DOI", "url"=>"http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0074834"}, "username"=>"hawksjohnd", "article_id"=>"12618338"}
• {"link"=>{"url"=>"http://www.citeulike.org/user/meteohh/article/12618338"}, "post_time"=>"2013-09-12 12:05:32", "tag"=>"no-tag", "linkout"=>{"type"=>"DOI", "url"=>"http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0074834"}, "username"=>"meteohh", "article_id"=>"12618338"}
• {"link"=>{"url"=>"http://www.citeulike.org/user/herlitramadison/article/12618338"}, "post_time"=>"2013-09-15 19:46:59", "tag"=>"no-tag", "linkout"=>{"type"=>"DOI", "url"=>"http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0074834"}, "username"=>"herlitramadison", "article_id"=>"12618338"}

Mendeley | Further Information

{"title"=>"Were Rivers Flowing across the Sahara During the Last Interglacial? Implications for Human Migration through Africa", "type"=>"journal", "authors"=>[{"first_name"=>"Tom J.", "last_name"=>"Coulthard"}, {"first_name"=>"Jorge A.", "last_name"=>"Ramirez"}, {"first_name"=>"Nick", "last_name"=>"Barton"}, {"first_name"=>"Mike", "last_name"=>"Rogerson"}, {"first_name"=>"Tim", "last_name"=>"Brücher"}], "year"=>2013, "source"=>"PLoS ONE", "identifiers"=>{"pui"=>"563071645", "issn"=>"1932-6203", "isbn"=>"1932-6203 (Electronic)\\r1932-6203 (Linking)", "doi"=>"10.1371/journal.pone.0074834", "scopus"=>"2-s2.0-84892482984", "pmid"=>"24040347", "sgr"=>"84892482984"}, "id"=>"17a24d36-1e51-3648-8ef5-3a7cb291bae2", "abstract"=>"Human migration north through Africa is contentious. This paper uses a novel palaeohydrological and hydraulic modelling approach to test the hypothesis that under wetter climates c.100,000 years ago major river systems ran north across the Sahara to the Mediterranean, creating viable migration routes. We confirm that three of these now buried palaeo river systems could have been active at the key time of human migration across the Sahara. Unexpectedly, it is the most western of these three rivers, the Irharhar river, that represents the most likely route for human migration. The Irharhar river flows directly south to north, uniquely linking the mountain areas experiencing monsoon climates at these times to temperate Mediterranean environments where food and resources would have been abundant. The findings have major implications for our understanding of how humans migrated north through Africa, for the first time providing a quantitative perspective on the probabilities that these routes were viable for human habitation at these times.", "link"=>"http://www.mendeley.com/research/were-rivers-flowing-across-sahara-during-last-interglacial-implications-human-migration-through-afri", "reader_count"=>98, "reader_count_by_academic_status"=>{"Unspecified"=>3, "Professor > Associate Professor"=>1, "Researcher"=>24, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>4, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>27, "Student > Postgraduate"=>3, "Student > Master"=>12, "Other"=>5, "Student > Bachelor"=>9, "Professor"=>10}, "reader_count_by_user_role"=>{"Unspecified"=>3, "Professor > Associate Professor"=>1, "Researcher"=>24, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>4, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>27, "Student > Postgraduate"=>3, "Student > Master"=>12, "Other"=>5, "Student > Bachelor"=>9, "Professor"=>10}, "reader_count_by_subject_area"=>{"Engineering"=>1, "Unspecified"=>7, "Environmental Science"=>9, "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>1, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>22, "Arts and Humanities"=>14, "Physics and Astronomy"=>1, "Social Sciences"=>11, "Earth and Planetary Sciences"=>29, "Linguistics"=>2, "Economics, Econometrics and Finance"=>1}, "reader_count_by_subdiscipline"=>{"Engineering"=>{"Engineering"=>1}, "Social Sciences"=>{"Social Sciences"=>11}, "Physics and Astronomy"=>{"Physics and Astronomy"=>1}, "Earth and Planetary Sciences"=>{"Earth and Planetary Sciences"=>29}, "Economics, Econometrics and Finance"=>{"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"=>1}, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>{"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>22}, "Linguistics"=>{"Linguistics"=>2}, "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>{"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>1}, "Unspecified"=>{"Unspecified"=>7}, "Environmental Science"=>{"Environmental Science"=>9}, "Arts and Humanities"=>{"Arts and Humanities"=>14}}, "reader_count_by_country"=>{"New Zealand"=>1, "Netherlands"=>4, "France"=>1, "Chile"=>1, "Australia"=>1, "Portugal"=>1, "Germany"=>2}, "group_count"=>2}

ORCID | Further Information

CrossRef

• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.06.008
• http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0139784
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.07.005
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2015.11.006
• http://doi.org/10.1007/s12549-017-0273-4
• http://doi.org/10.1038/nature.2013.13729
• http://doi.org/10.1029/2019PA003652
• http://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-4-757-2016
• http://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12416
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.05.026
• http://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0237
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2013.11.036
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2015.12.044
• http://doi.org/10.1038/nmiddleeast.2013.178
• http://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-015-0232-8
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2017.05.013
• http://doi.org/10.1111/mec.13374
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.09.029
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.03.015
• http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0170989
• http://doi.org/10.1017/qua.2018.46
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2015.01.008
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.05.012
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.12.007
• http://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-167-2014
• http://doi.org/10.3109/03014460.2014.922616
• http://doi.org/10.1080/19479832.2019.1683622
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.10.016
• http://doi.org/10.1029/2019PA003721
• http://doi.org/10.1002/esp.4090

DataCite

Europe PMC Citations | Further Information

Europe PMC Database Citations

PubMed Central

• 4624789

Scopus | Further Information

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Web of Science® | Further Information

Article Coverage

• {"referral"=>"http://www.sci-news.com/?p=13635", "language"=>"English", "title"=>"Three Ancient Rivers Existed in Sahara 100,000 Years Ago | Paleoclimatology | Sci-News.com", "type"=>"News", "publication"=>"", "published_on"=>"", "link_state"=>""}
• {"referral"=>"http://www.nu.nl/wetenschap/3574659/sahara-herbergde-ooit-grote-rivieren--.html", "language"=>"", "title"=>"'Sahara herbergde ooit grote rivieren' | nu.nl/wetenschap | Het laatste nieuws het eerst op nu.nl", "type"=>"Discussion board", "publication"=>"", "published_on"=>"", "link_state"=>""}
• {"referral"=>"http://www.csmonitor.com/Science/2015/1112/Rivers-may-have-once-criss-crossed-the-Sahara-say-scientists", "language"=>"English", "title"=>"Rivers may have once criss-crossed the Sahara, say scientists - CSMonitor.com", "type"=>"News", "publication"=>"The Christian Science Monitor", "published_on"=>"", "link_state"=>""}

Article Coverage Curated

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• {"url"=>"http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.plos.org%2Fplosone%2Farticle%3Fid%3D10.1371%252Fjournal.pone.0074834", "share_count"=>8, "like_count"=>2, "comment_count"=>2, "click_count"=>0, "total_count"=>12}

Journal Comments | Further Information

• {"type"=>"COMMENT", "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/annotation/527184dc-0454-4c16-873e-43e3d8668598", "title"=>"Media coverage of this article", "body"=>"The following articles represent some of the media coverage that has occurred for this paper:\n\nPublication: NBC News \nTitle: “Not just desert: A lush, green Sahara lured early humans out of Africa”\nhttp://www.nbcnews.com/science/not-just-desert-lush-green-sahara-lured-early-humans-out-1C11130210\n\nIf you see any additional coverage of this paper in the press or blogosphere, please reply to this thread and add the link to the article. \n", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2013-09-17T15:53:47Z", "lastModified"=>"2013-09-17T15:53:47Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"80539"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>true, "body"=>"PLOS ONE Staff"}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0074834", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSONE"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSONE", "eIssn"=>"1932-6203", "title"=>"PLOS ONE"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>6, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2014-02-20T12:21:47Z", "replies"=>[{"type"=>"REPLY", "parentID"=>71839, "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/reply/a56476b4-9c3c-4e1a-8f22-6b038023f58a", "title"=>" Media coverage of this article", "body"=>"The following articles represent some of the media coverage that has occurred for this paper:\n\nPublication: Eurek Alert \nTitle: “Paleorivers across Sahara may have supported ancient human migration routes”\nhttp://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2013-09/plos-pas090613.php\n\nPublication: Popular Archaeology \nTitle: “Study Confirms Ancient River Systems in Sahara 100,000 Years Ago”\nhttp://popular-archaeology.com/issue/june-2013/article/study-confirms-ancient-river-systems-in-sahara-100-000-years-ago\n\nIf you see any additional coverage of this paper in the press or blogosphere, please reply to this thread and add the link to the article. \n", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2013-09-17T16:19:01Z", "lastModified"=>"2013-09-17T16:19:01Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"80539"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>true, "body"=>"PLOS ONE Staff"}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0074834", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSONE"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSONE", "eIssn"=>"1932-6203", "title"=>"PLOS ONE"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>0, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2013-09-17T16:19:01Z", "replies"=>[]}, {"type"=>"REPLY", "parentID"=>71839, "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/reply/4ede77bd-d214-4c93-8ba5-74c078d2527b", "title"=>"RE: Media coverage of this article", "body"=>"New Scientist\nLost river guided early humans out of Africa\nhttp://www.newscientist.com/article/dn24201-lost-river-guided-early-humans-out-of-africa.html#.UjiUMMbbOSo\n\nNature.com\nAncient rivers cut migration routes through Sahara\nhttp://www.nature.com/news/ancient-rivers-cut-migration-routes-through-sahara-1.13729\n\nDer Speigel\nWanderung vor 100.000 Jahren: Menschen durchquerten Sahara entlang von Flüssen\nhttp://www.spiegel.de/wissenschaft/mensch/verborgene-flusslaeufe-wie-menschen-die-sahara-durchquerten-a-922411.html\n\nDie Welt\nhttp://www.welt.de/print/die_welt/wissen/article120101107/Wissen-Kompakt.html\n\nSci News\nThree Ancient Rivers Existed in Sahara 100,000 Years Ago\nhttp://www.sci-news.com/othersciences/paleoclimatology/science-ancient-rivers-sahara-01385.html\n\nSmithsonian.com\nThree Ancient Rivers, Long Buried by the Sahara, Created a Passage to the Mediterranean\nhttp://blogs.smithsonianmag.com/smartnews/2013/09/three-ancient-rivers-long-buried-by-the-sahara-created-a-passage-to-the-mediterranean/#ixzz2fAn6lpsg \n\nTasnim News (Tehran)\nBuried Saharan Rivers Might Have Been Early Expressways\nhttp://www.tasnimnews.com/English/Home/Single/141265\n\nScience World Report\nAncient Rivers in Sahara Desert Supported Human Migration Routes to Mediterranean\nhttp://www.scienceworldreport.com/articles/9425/20130912/ancient-rivers-sahara-desert-supported-human-migration-routes-mediterranean.htm\n\nNature World News\nAncient Rivers Across Sahara Could Have Led Humans Out of Africa\nhttp://www.natureworldnews.com/articles/3953/20130912/ancient-rivers-sahara-led-humans-out-africa.htm\n\nLive Science:\nBuried Saharan Rivers May Have Led Humans Out of Africa\nhttp://www.livescience.com/39575-ancient-saharan-rivers-existed.html\n\nScientias NL\nZand erover: Sahara-woestijn bedekt mogelijk de resten van drie gigantische rivieren\nhttp://www.scientias.nl/zand-erover-sahara-woestijn-bedekt-mogelijk-resten-drie-gigantische-rivieren/91915\n\nFocus.it\nI fiumi sepolti del Sahara che favorirono le rotte migratorie\nhttp://www.focus.it/cultura/storia/i-fiumi-sepolti-del-sahara-che-favorirono-le-rotte-migratorie_C12.aspx\n", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2013-09-17T17:52:28Z", "lastModified"=>"2013-09-17T17:52:28Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"368569"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>true, "body"=>"Paper Author"}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0074834", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSONE"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSONE", "eIssn"=>"1932-6203", "title"=>"PLOS ONE"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>0, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2013-09-17T17:52:28Z", "replies"=>[]}, {"type"=>"REPLY", "parentID"=>71839, "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/reply/6e75c05b-648a-4c8e-8819-7aaa0b5f399a", "title"=>"RE: Media coverage of this article", "body"=>"some more today:\n\nScientific American\nThree Large Rivers Once Split Sahara (60 second podcast)\nhttp://www.scientificamerican.com/podcast/episode.cfm?id=three-large-rivers-once-split-sahar-13-09-17\n\nYahoo news\nThree Large Rivers Once Split Sahara (mirror of the above)\nhttp://news.yahoo.com/three-large-rivers-once-split-sahara-014508492.html", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2013-09-18T15:28:22Z", "lastModified"=>"2013-09-18T15:28:22Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"368569"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>true, "body"=>"Author"}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0074834", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSONE"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSONE", "eIssn"=>"1932-6203", "title"=>"PLOS ONE"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>2, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2013-10-04T21:50:50Z", "replies"=>[{"type"=>"REPLY", "parentID"=>71983, "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/reply/5c88cbc6-d2ca-4fcc-996e-e195fe8c05da", "title"=>" Media coverage of this article", "body"=>"The following articles represent some of the media coverage that has occurred for this paper:\n\nPublication: New Scientist \nTitle: “Lost river guided early humans out of Africa - environment - 16 September 2013 - New Scientist”\nhttp://www.newscientist.com/article/dn24201-lost-river-guided-early-humans-out-of-africa.html\n\nPublication: Sci News \nTitle: “Three Ancient Rivers Existed in Sahara 100,000 Years Ago | Paleoclimatology | Sci-News.com”\nhttp://www.sci-news.com/othersciences/paleoclimatology/science-ancient-rivers-sahara-01385.html\n\nPublication: Scientific American \nTitle: “3 Large Rivers Once Split Sahara: Scientific American Podcast”\nhttp://www.scientificamerican.com/podcast/episode.cfm?id=three-large-rivers-once-split-sahar-13-09-17\n\nIf you see any additional coverage of this paper in the press or blogosphere, please reply to this thread and add the link to the article. \n", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2013-09-24T16:28:20Z", "lastModified"=>"2013-09-24T16:28:20Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"80539"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>true, "body"=>"PLOS ONE Staff"}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0074834", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSONE"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSONE", "eIssn"=>"1932-6203", "title"=>"PLOS ONE"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>1, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2013-10-04T21:50:50Z", "replies"=>[{"type"=>"REPLY", "parentID"=>72301, "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/reply/f090cba4-4723-4148-a722-beb2543a240c", "title"=>" Media coverage of this article", "body"=>"The following articles represent some of the media coverage that has occurred for this paper:\n\nPublication: Aktuality.sk \nTitle: “Sahara aborigines probably migrated along rivers”\nhttp://www.aktuality.sk/clanok/237062/praobyvatelia-sahary-zrejme-migrovali-pozdlz-riek/\n\nIf you see any additional coverage of this paper in the press or blogosphere, please reply to this thread and add the link to the article. \n", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2013-10-04T21:50:50Z", "lastModified"=>"2013-10-04T21:50:50Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"80539"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>true, "body"=>"PLOS ONE Staff"}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0074834", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSONE"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSONE", "eIssn"=>"1932-6203", "title"=>"PLOS ONE"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>0, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2013-10-04T21:50:50Z", "replies"=>[]}]}]}, {"type"=>"REPLY", "parentID"=>71839, "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/reply/06cade1c-6457-4133-a246-e4c968ee9f5d", "title"=>"RE: Media coverage of this article", "body"=>"Publication: NCYT (Noticias de la Ciencia y la Tecnologia) (ISSN 2013-6714 ), published by Amazings®. It's a popular science magazine written in Spanish.\nTitle: Los ríos olvidados del Sahara marcaron las rutas de las primeras migraciones del Ser Humano fuera de África\nhttp://noticiasdelaciencia.com/not/8514/", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2014-02-20T12:21:47Z", "lastModified"=>"2014-02-20T12:21:47Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"405057"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>true, "body"=>"NCYT magazine staff"}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0074834", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSONE"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSONE", "eIssn"=>"1932-6203", "title"=>"PLOS ONE"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>0, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2014-02-20T12:21:47Z", "replies"=>[]}]}
• {"type"=>"COMMENT", "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/annotation/a9d5a590-6f98-42e5-a432-f302a503a57e", "title"=>"Error in Editor Name", "body"=>"As the result of an error in the typesetting of the article, the name and information provided for the Editor was incorrect. The Editor of the article was:\n\nJohn P. Hart, New York State Museum, United States of America ", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2013-09-26T23:29:36Z", "lastModified"=>"2013-09-26T23:29:36Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"80539"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>false}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0074834", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSONE"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSONE", "eIssn"=>"1932-6203", "title"=>"PLOS ONE"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>0, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2013-09-26T23:29:36Z", "replies"=>[]}

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• {"id"=>"377905046136295424", "text"=>"Excellent - our @PLOSONE article on Saharan Palaeorivers is out! http://t.co/TWXwjejkXk", "created_at"=>"2013-09-11T21:22:38Z", "user"=>"Tom_Coulthard", "user_name"=>"Tom Coulthard", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3387849768/d821a752eb5d04b6cd713369bb44c3c3_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"377906841331974144", "text"=>"RT @Tom_Coulthard: Excellent - our @PLOSONE article on Saharan Palaeorivers is out! http://t.co/TWXwjejkXk", "created_at"=>"2013-09-11T21:29:46Z", "user"=>"davidjnash", "user_name"=>"David Nash", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3310359318/26ddcb266eba48e5e0128ea200ebf0e7_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"377907291279724544", "text"=>"Were Rivers Flowing across the Sahara During the Last Interglacial? Implications for Human Migration through Africa http://t.co/clWrJELke0", "created_at"=>"2013-09-11T21:31:34Z", "user"=>"PLOSONE", "user_name"=>"PLOS ONE", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2429958559/mzjl6as5u2m09r2erof6_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"377923536645808128", "text"=>"RT @Tom_Coulthard: Excellent - our @PLOSONE article on Saharan Palaeorivers is out! http://t.co/TWXwjejkXk", "created_at"=>"2013-09-11T22:36:07Z", "user"=>"cloudskinner", "user_name"=>"Chris Skinner", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3598851129/4cbd13623458b6f8628ff26addad28af_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"377926748177833984", "text"=>"#PLOSONE: Were Rivers Flowing across the Sahara During the Last Interglacial? Implications for Human Migration http://t.co/FKDaoA5ISi", "created_at"=>"2013-09-11T22:48:52Z", "user"=>"JoNell_Smith", "user_name"=>"JoNell Smith ", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3760399952/72c23dd2ad4d42791702ff0a9aeb9952_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"377949371427352576", "text"=>"Were Rivers Flowing across the Sahara During the Last Interglacial? Implications for Human Migration through Africa http://t.co/mcV5evKyXe", "created_at"=>"2013-09-12T00:18:46Z", "user"=>"arossworks", "user_name"=>"Alexandra Ross", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3268743299/5508b4d8bcd723404c68b725e0cea557_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"377949548880359424", "text"=>"RT @Tom_Coulthard: Excellent - our @PLOSONE article on Saharan Palaeorivers is out! http://t.co/TWXwjejkXk", "created_at"=>"2013-09-12T00:19:29Z", "user"=>"RioParana", "user_name"=>"Phil Ashworth", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/249654287/SSR_10_me_2_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"377957735901306880", "text"=>"Must have been eating Paleo back then..http://t.co/FIjtkLfRbn", "created_at"=>"2013-09-12T00:52:01Z", "user"=>"triXcellence", "user_name"=>"Charles Crevequer", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/378800000242444336/2e73dfd8cc7a1f778256bf129f054e0e_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"378036881948024832", "text"=>"RT @Tom_Coulthard: Excellent - our @PLOSONE article on Saharan Palaeorivers is out! http://t.co/TWXwjejkXk", "created_at"=>"2013-09-12T06:06:30Z", "user"=>"Geodiverse", "user_name"=>"Heather Viles", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2342125442/qzwikez7stid3y4qpf58_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"378045986276249600", "text"=>"Ríos en el Sahara en el anterior interglacial (más caliente que hoy). Vía @dienekesp http://t.co/jjZSqAM8Ds", "created_at"=>"2013-09-12T06:42:41Z", "user"=>"plazaeme", "user_name"=>"Plazaeme", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2686006889/1bb6726aac1b69c53ae80530cbaa1d99_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"378046570089811968", "text"=>"#PLOSONE: Were Rivers Flowing? Implications for Human Migration through Africa http://t.co/ih3qUb3oV3", "created_at"=>"2013-09-12T06:45:00Z", "user"=>"Hazzardous78", "user_name"=>"Anita Muller", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/378800000442249770/45dd7ef08910cacb2c1a21afeaa2b9bd_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"378082114689708032", "text"=>"wooo relevant to my PhD http://t.co/nSvvGveGke", "created_at"=>"2013-09-12T09:06:15Z", "user"=>"Amy_J_87", "user_name"=>"Amy Jeffrey", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3392621500/63f9f5c635264717fb71e792c13e49db_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"378111896483672064", "text"=>"Looks great! @Tom_Coulthard MT @PLOSONE Were Rivers Flowing across the Sahara During the Last Interglacial?Africa http://t.co/rr9E63LCe1 …", "created_at"=>"2013-09-12T11:04:35Z", "user"=>"estuary_ecology", "user_name"=>"Dr Sally Little", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3713986818/2a7f4d0cc0e99915921bb8a0bc9e371a_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"378112315947626496", "text"=>"Were Rivers Flowing across the Sahara During the Last Interglacial? Implications for Human Migration http://t.co/KwGdFAq9cx #PLOSONE", "created_at"=>"2013-09-12T11:06:15Z", "user"=>"geschichtenpost", "user_name"=>"O. Bothe", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2425933705/aonuoo0alj2okbigphob_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"378176833851625472", "text"=>"Modern humans - in your deserts, following your (now extinct) rivers? http://t.co/UKlc0313ix", "created_at"=>"2013-09-12T15:22:38Z", "user"=>"rhinglis", "user_name"=>"Robyn Inglis", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3782525492/08e535f072a3b5c3c1c220abd598d3be_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"378179153268576256", "text"=>"RT @rhinglis: Modern humans - in your deserts, following your (now extinct) rivers? http://t.co/UKlc0313ix", "created_at"=>"2013-09-12T15:31:51Z", "user"=>"AndyShuttle", "user_name"=>"Dr Andy Shuttleworth", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3415852909/32f9605cff17185d7e01c28e9220362c_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"378179272046686208", "text"=>"Were Rivers Flowing across Sahara in Last Interglacial? Implications for Human Migration in Africa. @PLOSONE http://t.co/HeVKjqtU8B", "created_at"=>"2013-09-12T15:32:19Z", "user"=>"Brown_Caleb_M", "user_name"=>"Caleb Brown", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3226878429/6bde18539a8343c89a20d795aa0aebe7_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"378183701282033665", "text"=>"Were Rivers Flowing across the Sahara During the Last Interglacial? @UniOfHull Mike Rogerson's research http://t.co/zLAfMBDJLU", "created_at"=>"2013-09-12T15:49:55Z", "user"=>"aBugBlog", "user_name"=>"Africa Gomez", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2221736715/IMG_7828_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"378203006418030592", "text"=>"Thanks @PLOSONE for all your help with our Saharan Rivers paper - looks like New Scientist are going to run it too http://t.co/TWXwjejkXk", "created_at"=>"2013-09-12T17:06:38Z", "user"=>"Tom_Coulthard", "user_name"=>"Tom Coulthard", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3387849768/d821a752eb5d04b6cd713369bb44c3c3_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"378234405380050944", "text"=>"Rivers Flowing across Sahara During Last Interglacial? Implications for Human Migration through Africa via @PLOSONE http://t.co/6NM2qs6FlE", "created_at"=>"2013-09-12T19:11:24Z", "user"=>"MU_Peter", "user_name"=>"MU - Peter Shimon", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2279883155/pwepplv199usncj1uchk_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"378243002423975936", "text"=>"New paper out and getting a bit of attention. http://t.co/ettjY9neg6", "created_at"=>"2013-09-12T19:45:33Z", "user"=>"MikeRogerson7", "user_name"=>"Mike Rogerson", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/378800000073806111/b6b018cd55f2bb7d21d131a067576966_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"378243979026128896", "text"=>"RT @MikeRogerson7: New paper out and getting a bit of attention. http://t.co/ettjY9neg6", "created_at"=>"2013-09-12T19:49:26Z", "user"=>"GEESatHull", "user_name"=>"Hull Uni GEES", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2322174623/Cohen_01_HDR_sml_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"378244802179244032", "text"=>"RT @MikeRogerson7: New paper out and getting a bit of attention. http://t.co/ettjY9neg6", "created_at"=>"2013-09-12T19:52:42Z", "user"=>"AshJones26", "user_name"=>"Ashley Jones", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1163544756/8431_150815828275_517748275_2541640_1406546_n_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"378261835033505793", "text"=>"Were Rivers Flowing across the Sahara During the Last Interglacial? Implications for Human Migration through Africa http://t.co/ErOKB7nF3B", "created_at"=>"2013-09-12T21:00:23Z", "user"=>"DrJeffreyRoyal", "user_name"=>"Jeffrey Royal", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2605564300/IMG_5785_sm_crop_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"378336553296068610", "text"=>"Saharan Barrier is getting porous \n#PLOSONE: Were Rivers Flowing across the Sahara During the Last Interglacial? http://t.co/akrRgALuQU", "created_at"=>"2013-09-13T01:57:18Z", "user"=>"imgettinghealth", "user_name"=>"Jason Mankiewicz", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3728259131/c9ec2e5be5ac1f83033d9361dc0aafc7_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"378565247814356992", "text"=>"100.000 jaar geleden stroomden er drie enorme rivieren door de Sahara\nhttp://t.co/fd3FV871iU", "created_at"=>"2013-09-13T17:06:03Z", "user"=>"ajboekestijn", "user_name"=>"Arend Jan Boekestijn", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2747706449/defac6ec3c6ccac5b792a001be1ba0e3_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"378570754256027648", "text"=>"RT @ajboekestijn: 100.000 jaar geleden stroomden er drie enorme rivieren door de Sahara\nhttp://t.co/fd3FV871iU", "created_at"=>"2013-09-13T17:27:55Z", "user"=>"ervanbe", "user_name"=>"Robert van Baarsen", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/545439500/Kop3_normal.JPG"}
• {"id"=>"378586180184702976", "text"=>"RT @ajboekestijn: 100.000 jaar geleden stroomden er drie enorme rivieren door de Sahara\nhttp://t.co/fd3FV871iU", "created_at"=>"2013-09-13T18:29:13Z", "user"=>"m_dael", "user_name"=>"monica van dael", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/378800000247100660/629d116f727486159dc2123331473672_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"379046492809338880", "text"=>"Ice age map porn. Vanished rivers in the green Sahara probably directed ancient human south-to-north migrations. http://t.co/cUS5EdkkDd", "created_at"=>"2013-09-15T00:58:20Z", "user"=>"randomdijit", "user_name"=>"Jake Turk", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1208897759/t_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"379313012231794688", "text"=>"Rivers in the Sahara during the last interglacial....\n\nhttp://t.co/V8eyFGssFH", "created_at"=>"2013-09-15T18:37:24Z", "user"=>"wingod", "user_name"=>"Dennis Wingo", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/526861087/sport_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"379325696801124352", "text"=>"Cool! 3 mighty rivers once flowed through the Sahara and probably helped humans migrate through Africa: http://t.co/5o6o9AcQPY", "created_at"=>"2013-09-15T19:27:48Z", "user"=>"Midnight_Bat", "user_name"=>"Amanda", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1206191115/userpic_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"379592898012254208", "text"=>"Media response to paper: NBC, Nature, laFigaro, DieWelt, ES & IT media but nothing in UK. @BBCAmos? @mattmcgrathbbc? http://t.co/GXIfTlOuGu", "created_at"=>"2013-09-16T13:09:34Z", "user"=>"Tom_Coulthard", "user_name"=>"Tom Coulthard", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3387849768/d821a752eb5d04b6cd713369bb44c3c3_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"379638957983531008", "text"=>"Saharan rivers during the last interglacial? Implications for human migration http://t.co/0XejCvoz1x. By @Tom_Coulthard", "created_at"=>"2013-09-16T16:12:35Z", "user"=>"mammuthus", "user_name"=>"Steve Forden", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/102157522/woolymths_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"379651214180237312", "text"=>"ET @PLOSONE: Did rivers flow across Sahara during last interglacial? Implications for human migration through Africa http://t.co/onYSpytSCg", "created_at"=>"2013-09-16T17:01:17Z", "user"=>"hai_ren", "user_name"=>"Ivan 害人", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3179157419/ef8b8d4cb3446d17eb0cb4e2326f0cd8_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"379651390127091712", "text"=>"MT @PLOSONE: Did rivers flow across Sahara during last interglacial? Implications for human migration through Africa http://t.co/onYSpytSCg", "created_at"=>"2013-09-16T17:01:59Z", "user"=>"hai_ren", "user_name"=>"Ivan 害人", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3179157419/ef8b8d4cb3446d17eb0cb4e2326f0cd8_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"379665889022332928", "text"=>"This PLOS article on potential early human migration routes makes me wish there was a digital model of prehistory.http://t.co/liJPVT1Eyf", "created_at"=>"2013-09-16T17:59:36Z", "user"=>"anselm", "user_name"=>"ʞooH ɯlǝsu∀", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1738563243/anselm_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"379693636775972864", "text"=>"Were Rivers Flowing across the Sahara During the Last Interglacial? Implications for Human Migration through Africa: http://t.co/iRnwFuzm7h", "created_at"=>"2013-09-16T19:49:52Z", "user"=>"ZathrasSquared", "user_name"=>"ZathrasSquared", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/922509601/1178156589010_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"380018682912448513", "text"=>"Were Rivers Flowing across the Sahara During Last Interglacial? Implications for Human Migration through Africa http://t.co/1gnOm3VElT", "created_at"=>"2013-09-17T17:21:29Z", "user"=>"SRCullinan", "user_name"=>"Stephen R Cullinan", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/378800000463597186/f0f50076e9e5c4ace06a1ffc303d1f02_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"380019005068562432", "text"=>"#PLOSONE: Were Rivers Flowing across the Sahara During the Last Interglacial? Implications for Human Migration... http://t.co/o5fXWTIDqg", "created_at"=>"2013-09-17T17:22:45Z", "user"=>"Salerno_Thomas", "user_name"=>"Thomas J. Salerno", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/378800000125887656/9c3684c74bcf6a143d57758d85a13cd9_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"380134213896638464", "text"=>"Were Rivers Flowing across the Sahara During the Last Interglacial? Implications for Human Migration http://t.co/hMrjwQK7vD #paleo #anthro", "created_at"=>"2013-09-18T01:00:33Z", "user"=>"cynocephale", "user_name"=>"BDNf", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3573016921/24d87da5b1b1ea44f288123b12acfd3c_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"380342631009484800", "text"=>"Rivers in the Sahara and human migration (nice maps) http://t.co/Pi6HkqUbU8 #Anthropology", "created_at"=>"2013-09-18T14:48:44Z", "user"=>"UVicAnthro", "user_name"=>"UVic Anthropology", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/688796611/fabric_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"380345416845639680", "text"=>"RT @UVicAnthro: Rivers in the Sahara and human migration (nice maps) http://t.co/Pi6HkqUbU8 #Anthropology", "created_at"=>"2013-09-18T14:59:48Z", "user"=>"AnthroCentrist", "user_name"=>"AnthroCentrist", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3008297419/cc7d12513976e370cafc2735fe657020_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"380367534505357312", "text"=>"RT @UVicAnthro: Rivers in the Sahara and human migration (nice maps) http://t.co/Pi6HkqUbU8 #Anthropology", "created_at"=>"2013-09-18T16:27:41Z", "user"=>"MorenoTiziani", "user_name"=>"Moreno Tiziani", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1849265247/Moreno_Tiziani_Anthropos_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"380380551376412672", "text"=>"RT @UVicAnthro: Rivers in the Sahara and human migration (nice maps) http://t.co/Pi6HkqUbU8 #Anthropology", "created_at"=>"2013-09-18T17:19:25Z", "user"=>"AnthroClub1", "user_name"=>"IUPUI Anthro Club", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2697301841/ff7776b23689ab852d63ea1efd7b8f6e_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"380729444337741824", "text"=>"Were Rivers Flowing across the Sahara During the Last Interglacial? Implications for Human Migration through Africa http://t.co/dj2U7LpEZp", "created_at"=>"2013-09-19T16:25:47Z", "user"=>"victoriajanssen", "user_name"=>"victoriajanssen", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/541734278/face_very_small_normal.JPG"}
• {"id"=>"381176593005420544", "text"=>"Did rivers flow in the Sahara during the last interglacial? Implications for human #migration through Africa http://t.co/Dbk3surHUp @PLOSONE", "created_at"=>"2013-09-20T22:02:36Z", "user"=>"CoDA_UCB", "user_name"=>"Digital Archaeology", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3321551279/57c8f13e142f0502b2b2a4291aeb87a0_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"381491545884868608", "text"=>"Paleorivers across Sahara may have played important part in ancient human migrations through Africa http://t.co/IqOqdbw3UU @PLOSONE", "created_at"=>"2013-09-21T18:54:06Z", "user"=>"Mudfooted", "user_name"=>"Jolle Jolles", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3560582440/331292802a57c19d448ed8fcda27e7dd_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"382138792809086976", "text"=>"Rivers in the Sahara and human migration (nice maps) http://t.co/ItfhNlrD8t", "created_at"=>"2013-09-23T13:46:02Z", "user"=>"BerghahnAnthro", "user_name"=>"Berghahn Anthro", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2645933467/54751bed7c856efbb24b09609468edb6_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"382140195115528192", "text"=>"RT @BerghahnAnthro: Rivers in the Sahara and human migration (nice maps) http://t.co/ItfhNlrD8t", "created_at"=>"2013-09-23T13:51:37Z", "user"=>"deepspacedman", "user_name"=>"jon murray-lacey", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/378800000374441770/dd5bf362f15bc43e0214d92bea348db9_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"382227810120515584", "text"=>"RT @BerghahnAnthro: Rivers in the Sahara and human migration (nice maps) http://t.co/ItfhNlrD8t", "created_at"=>"2013-09-23T19:39:46Z", "user"=>"BU_BAArchAnth", "user_name"=>"BA Arch&Anth", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2965587756/9b00466e683bc2d4f30b09923d45acd7_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"382546591556440064", "text"=>"Were Rivers Flowing across the Sahara During the Last Interglacial? Implications for Human Migration through Africa http://t.co/UgWGzuvTTs", "created_at"=>"2013-09-24T16:46:29Z", "user"=>"HerreraUsagre", "user_name"=>"M. Herrera-Usagre", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2724111915/aa96ce6b376c71021c0d56067e455c82_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"386562673690677248", "text"=>"Ríos trans-saharianos que llevaron a la humanidad fuera de África? Acabo de descubrir el artículo [tarde] http://t.co/Eth7YQoyIV", "created_at"=>"2013-10-05T18:44:58Z", "user"=>"luis_quevedo", "user_name"=>"Luis Quevedo", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/378800000145359022/b320f1cc4e03f1642eacfe37ad2e55cf_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"386661434957889536", "text"=>"Were Rivers Flowing across the Sahara During the Last Interglacial? http://t.co/Vj0IIaRlJT http://t.co/QIe4ZvJqFf", "created_at"=>"2013-10-06T01:17:24Z", "user"=>"godelitsas", "user_name"=>"Ath Godelitsas", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2585921124/aafuc5k045llr6z24fhl_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"390508664886685696", "text"=>"Wow! our @plosone N.African rivers paper has had 15k views now! http://t.co/TWXwjejkXk", "created_at"=>"2013-10-16T16:04:55Z", "user"=>"Tom_Coulthard", "user_name"=>"Tom Coulthard", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3387849768/d821a752eb5d04b6cd713369bb44c3c3_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"390551308769689600", "text"=>"RT @Tom_Coulthard: Wow! our @plosone N.African rivers paper has had 15k views now! http://t.co/TWXwjejkXk", "created_at"=>"2013-10-16T18:54:22Z", "user"=>"PLOSONE", "user_name"=>"PLOS ONE", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/2429958559/mzjl6as5u2m09r2erof6_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"414028059948244993", "text"=>"Man colonised the Earth from Africa. But how did he cross the Sahara to get out of Africa in the first place? http://t.co/3WLmpZJhZw", "created_at"=>"2013-12-20T13:42:36Z", "user"=>"harrydq", "user_name"=>"Harry de Quetteville", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/378800000770006837/f26f0792d7a0b4899a72abdade0153ec_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"558347382874988545", "text"=>"Yes - @cloudskinner @GeographicalMag was from our @PLOSONE paper http://t.co/P7LwbS6rlU", "created_at"=>"2015-01-22T19:36:04Z", "user"=>"Tom_Coulthard", "user_name"=>"Tom Coulthard", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/3387849768/d821a752eb5d04b6cd713369bb44c3c3_normal.jpeg"}

Wikipedia | Further Information

• {"title"=>"Tamanrasset River", "url"=>"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamanrasset_River", "timestamp"=>"2019-03-15T02:55:15Z"}
• {"title"=>"2013 in science", "url"=>"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_in_science", "timestamp"=>"2019-03-12T21:53:04Z"}
• {"title"=>"Ausbreitung des Menschen", "url"=>"http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ausbreitung_des_Menschen", "timestamp"=>"2019-01-17T21:34:58Z"}

Wordpress.com | Further Information

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Figshare

• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1201683"], "description"=>"<p>Yearly average rainfall from a 25 year snapshot of an ESM experiment and catchment area (hatched region) as well as the time series of zonally averaged precipitation for two stripes south of the catchment highlighting the (i) South-North gradient of rainfall during the wet seasons (June to September) and (ii) the modelled year to year variability of the monsoon system. The data is drawn from 12 hourly precipitation data produced during a time-slice experiment [27] of the last Interglacial (MIS 5e, ∼124 ka BP) performed by the fully coupled atmosphere-ocean- sea ice-biosphere general circulation model of the Max-Planck-Institute for Meteorology. The ESM consists of the spectral atmosphere model ECHAM5 [43] including the land surface model JSBACH [44] and a dynamic vegetation module [65] coupled to the general circulation ocean model MPIOM [45]. The model runs for the atmosphere at a truncation T31, which corresponds to a horizontal resolution of ∼300 km in the area under investigation.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["numerical"], "article_id"=>797418, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences", "Science Policy", "Ecology", "Earth and Environmental Sciences"], "users"=>["Tom J. Coulthard", "Jorge A. Ramirez", "Nick Barton", "Mike Rogerson", "Tim Brücher"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0074834.g001", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>2, "page_views"=>10, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Palaeorainfall_used_to_drive_the_combined_numerical_model_/797418", "title"=>"Palaeorainfall used to drive the combined numerical model.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2013-09-11 02:48:44"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1201690"], "description"=>"<p>This figure details Archaeological sites, and an annual probability that a location has surface water. The archaeological data are derived from a number of sources (including <a href=\"http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0074834#pone.0074834-Kleindienst1\" target=\"_blank\">[42]</a>, <a href=\"http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0074834#pone.0074834-Balout1\" target=\"_blank\">[66]</a>, <a href=\"http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0074834#pone.0074834-Bouzouggar1\" target=\"_blank\">[67]</a>, <a href=\"http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0074834#pone.0074834-Garcea1\" target=\"_blank\">[68]</a>. The findspots are characterised by Aterian and Middle Stone Age artefacts such as bifacial foliates and stemmed Aterian points and/or typical ‘Mousterian’ points, side scrapers and Levallois technology. Most are represented by surface scatters but where stratified examples exist these can be shown by dating (OSL and U-series techniques) and geomorphological setting to belong within MIS 5e <a href=\"http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0074834#pone.0074834-Barton1\" target=\"_blank\">[41]</a>, <a href=\"http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0074834#pone.0074834-Kleindienst1\" target=\"_blank\">[42]</a>.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["probability"], "article_id"=>797420, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences", "Science Policy", "Ecology", "Earth and Environmental Sciences"], "users"=>["Tom J. Coulthard", "Jorge A. Ramirez", "Nick Barton", "Mike Rogerson", "Tim Brücher"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0074834.g002", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>19, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Simulated_probability_of_surface_water_during_the_last_interglacial_/797420", "title"=>"Simulated probability of surface water during the last interglacial.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2013-09-11 02:48:44"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1201691"], "description"=>"<p>Monthly probability of surface water being present for (a) August, (b) September, (c) October and (d) November. These illustrate the hydrodynamics of the system simulated by the large scale 2d hydraulic model that routes a flood wave of water north across the desert from the mountains.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["sahara"], "article_id"=>797421, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences", "Science Policy", "Ecology", "Earth and Environmental Sciences"], "users"=>["Tom J. Coulthard", "Jorge A. Ramirez", "Nick Barton", "Mike Rogerson", "Tim Brücher"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0074834.g003", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>2, "page_views"=>14, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Seasonal_flow_of_surface_water_across_the_Sahara_during_the_last_interglacial_/797421", "title"=>"Seasonal flow of surface water across the Sahara during the last interglacial.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2013-09-11 02:48:44"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1201692"], "description"=>"<p>Schematic of how the modelling sections combine to provide hydrological reconstructions of North Africa surface water.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>[], "article_id"=>797422, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences", "Science Policy", "Ecology", "Earth and Environmental Sciences"], "users"=>["Tom J. Coulthard", "Jorge A. Ramirez", "Nick Barton", "Mike Rogerson", "Tim Brücher"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0074834.g004", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>4, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Combined_model_structure_/797422", "title"=>"Combined model structure.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2013-09-11 02:48:44"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1201694"], "description"=>"<p>DEM of the Nile, upstream from Aswan, showing grid of different observed rainfall values (a) and grid of pre-industrial ESM precipitation values (b).</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["observered", "esm", "simulated"], "article_id"=>797424, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences", "Science Policy", "Ecology", "Earth and Environmental Sciences"], "users"=>["Tom J. Coulthard", "Jorge A. Ramirez", "Nick Barton", "Mike Rogerson", "Tim Brücher"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0074834.g005", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>1, "page_views"=>4, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Gridding_of_observered_and_ESM_simulated_precipitation_/797424", "title"=>"Gridding of observered and ESM simulated precipitation.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2013-09-11 02:48:44"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1201696"], "description"=>"<p>Mean monthly discharge for the upper Nile recorded at Aswan from 1901–1920, discharge produced from the combined models driven with observed gridded monthly land-surface precipitation totals from 1901–1920, and driven with ESM pre-industrial climate (a). Comparison of magnitude and frequency of mean monthly discharge at Aswan, discharge produced from combined model simulations driven with observed precipitation, and ESM pre-industrial climate (b).</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["simulated", "discharges", "aswan", "nile"], "article_id"=>797426, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences", "Science Policy", "Ecology", "Earth and Environmental Sciences"], "users"=>["Tom J. Coulthard", "Jorge A. Ramirez", "Nick Barton", "Mike Rogerson", "Tim Brücher"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0074834.g006", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>1, "page_views"=>12, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Observed_vs_simulated_discharges_at_Aswan_for_the_Nile_validation_/797426", "title"=>"Observed vs simulated discharges at Aswan for the Nile validation.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2013-09-11 02:48:44"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1201698"], "description"=>"<p>Yearly average rainfall from a 50 year snapshot of the MPI-ESM experiment of pre-industrial climate, (280 ppm CO₂ out of a transient simulation).</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["precipitation", "patterns"], "article_id"=>797428, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences", "Science Policy", "Ecology", "Earth and Environmental Sciences"], "users"=>["Tom J. Coulthard", "Jorge A. Ramirez", "Nick Barton", "Mike Rogerson", "Tim Brücher"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0074834.g007", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>1, "page_views"=>5, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Pre_industrial_precipitation_patterns_from_the_MPI_ESM_/797428", "title"=>"Pre-industrial precipitation patterns from the MPI-ESM.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2013-09-11 02:48:44"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1201700"], "description"=>"<p>Comparison between observed rainfall (maps on left) and pre-industrial ESM (maps on right). ESM cells overlaying the upper Nile catchment were selected and mean monthly totals were calculated for a 50 year time series. Mean monthly totals for observed rainfall cells were calculated for cells of the catchment from the time period 1901–1920. To resolve differences in spatial resolution between both datasets, (<a href=\"http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0074834#pone-0074834-g005\" target=\"_blank\">Figure 5a,b</a>), the centroids of observed and ESM data were chosen to interpolate mean monthly rainfall using a spline technique, at 10,000 m resolution.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["observed", "esm", "simulated", "rainfall", "pre-industrial"], "article_id"=>797430, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences", "Science Policy", "Ecology", "Earth and Environmental Sciences"], "users"=>["Tom J. Coulthard", "Jorge A. Ramirez", "Nick Barton", "Mike Rogerson", "Tim Brücher"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0074834.g008", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>2, "page_views"=>7, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Comparison_between_observed_and_ESM_simulated_rainfall_for_pre_industrial_scenario_/797430", "title"=>"Comparison between observed and ESM simulated rainfall for pre-industrial scenario.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2013-09-11 02:48:44"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1201702"], "description"=>"<p>Areas of STRM voids within the study area, showing insets used in <a href=\"http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0074834#pone-0074834-g010\" target=\"_blank\">Figure 10</a>.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["dem", "voids"], "article_id"=>797432, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences", "Science Policy", "Ecology", "Earth and Environmental Sciences"], "users"=>["Tom J. Coulthard", "Jorge A. Ramirez", "Nick Barton", "Mike Rogerson", "Tim Brücher"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0074834.g009", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>1, "page_views"=>10, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_SRTM_DEM_data_voids_in_the_study_area_/797432", "title"=>"SRTM DEM data voids in the study area.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2013-09-11 02:48:44"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1201704"], "description"=>"<p>Elevation values from void filled SRTM v4 and GMTED 2010 data. Examples of large errors in elevation values are circled.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["filled", "voids", "strm"], "article_id"=>797434, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences", "Science Policy", "Ecology", "Earth and Environmental Sciences"], "users"=>["Tom J. Coulthard", "Jorge A. Ramirez", "Nick Barton", "Mike Rogerson", "Tim Brücher"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0074834.g010", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>2, "page_views"=>15, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Erroneously_filled_voids_in_STRM_data_/797434", "title"=>"Erroneously filled voids in STRM data.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2013-09-11 02:48:44"}

PMC Usage Stats | Further Information

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