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{"title"=>"Confronting uncertainty in wildlife management: Performance of grizzly bear management", "type"=>"journal", "authors"=>[{"first_name"=>"Kyle A.", "last_name"=>"Artelle", "scopus_author_id"=>"36986800100"}, {"first_name"=>"Sean C.", "last_name"=>"Anderson", "scopus_author_id"=>"25930284300"}, {"first_name"=>"Andrew B.", "last_name"=>"Cooper", "scopus_author_id"=>"55510179900"}, {"first_name"=>"Paul C.", "last_name"=>"Paquet", "scopus_author_id"=>"7006661830"}, {"first_name"=>"John D.", "last_name"=>"Reynolds", "scopus_author_id"=>"7403603566"}, {"first_name"=>"Chris T.", "last_name"=>"Darimont", "scopus_author_id"=>"36832400400"}], "year"=>2013, "source"=>"PLoS ONE", "identifiers"=>{"sgr"=>"84892400731", "doi"=>"10.1371/journal.pone.0078041", "pui"=>"372116245", "pmid"=>"24223134", "scopus"=>"2-s2.0-84892400731", "issn"=>"19326203"}, "id"=>"a33f0cf4-15a1-397b-ada5-ed112e2f8513", "abstract"=>"Scientific management of wildlife requires confronting the complexities of natural and social systems. Uncertainty poses a central problem. Whereas the importance of considering uncertainty has been widely discussed, studies of the effects of unaddressed uncertainty on real management systems have been rare. We examined the effects of outcome uncertainty and components of biological uncertainty on hunt management performance, illustrated with grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis) in British Columbia, Canada. We found that both forms of uncertainty can have serious impacts on management performance. Outcome uncertainty alone--discrepancy between expected and realized mortality levels--led to excess mortality in 19% of cases (population-years) examined. Accounting for uncertainty around estimated biological parameters (i.e., biological uncertainty) revealed that excess mortality might have occurred in up to 70% of cases. We offer a general method for identifying targets for exploited species that incorporates uncertainty and maintains the probability of exceeding mortality limits below specified thresholds. Setting targets in our focal system using this method at thresholds of 25% and 5% probability of overmortality would require average target mortality reductions of 47% and 81%, respectively. Application of our transparent and generalizable framework to this or other systems could improve management performance in the presence of uncertainty.", "link"=>"http://www.mendeley.com/research/confronting-uncertainty-wildlife-management-performance-grizzly-bear-management", "reader_count"=>69, "reader_count_by_academic_status"=>{"Unspecified"=>5, "Professor > Associate Professor"=>5, "Researcher"=>12, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>2, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>13, "Student > Postgraduate"=>5, "Student > Master"=>12, "Other"=>5, "Student > Bachelor"=>8, "Lecturer"=>1, "Professor"=>1}, "reader_count_by_user_role"=>{"Unspecified"=>5, "Professor > Associate Professor"=>5, "Researcher"=>12, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>2, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>13, "Student > Postgraduate"=>5, "Student > Master"=>12, "Other"=>5, "Student > Bachelor"=>8, "Lecturer"=>1, "Professor"=>1}, "reader_count_by_subject_area"=>{"Unspecified"=>9, "Environmental Science"=>15, "Mathematics"=>1, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>37, "Medicine and Dentistry"=>3, "Sports and Recreations"=>1, "Physics and Astronomy"=>1, "Social Sciences"=>2}, "reader_count_by_subdiscipline"=>{"Medicine and Dentistry"=>{"Medicine and Dentistry"=>3}, "Social Sciences"=>{"Social Sciences"=>2}, "Sports and Recreations"=>{"Sports and Recreations"=>1}, "Physics and Astronomy"=>{"Physics and Astronomy"=>1}, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>{"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>37}, "Mathematics"=>{"Mathematics"=>1}, "Unspecified"=>{"Unspecified"=>9}, "Environmental Science"=>{"Environmental Science"=>15}}, "reader_count_by_country"=>{"Canada"=>2, "United Kingdom"=>1, "France"=>1}, "group_count"=>2}

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• http://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.3177
• http://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.21189
• http://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-018-1668-x
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• http://doi.org/10.1126/science.aax6742
• http://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2018.00078
• http://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8226
• http://doi.org/10.1038/nature.2014.14914
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2015.01.002
• http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0175411
• http://doi.org/10.1126/science.343.6177.1311-a
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2018.02.016
• http://doi.org/10.2981/wlb.00251
• http://doi.org/10.1080/14724049.2016.1142554
• http://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsx220
• http://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-57308-8
• http://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.13065
• http://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.13657
• http://doi.org/10.1111/mam.12188
• http://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aao0167
• http://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2019.00192
• http://doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyw145
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• http://doi.org/10.2192/URSUS-D-18-00001.1

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• 4246968

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Journal Comments | Further Information

• {"type"=>"COMMENT", "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/annotation/2b23fe0a-c694-425f-a7eb-3ab5f08edd9a", "title"=>"Media Coverage for This Article", "body"=>"The following article represents some of the media coverage that has occurred for this paper:\n\nPublication: Calgary Herald \nTitle: “Hunting of grizzlies exceeds B.C. targets, study finds”\nhttp://www.calgaryherald.com/news/canada/Hunting+grizzlies+exceeds+targets+study+finds/9137427/story.html\n\nPublication: Huffington Post \nTitle: “B.C. Grizzly Bear Study: Government Doesn't Know How Many Are Left”\nhttp://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2013/11/06/bc-grizzly-bears-study_n_4228851.html\n\nPublication: RainCoast.org news release \nTitle: “Media release: Management by BC government gambles future of grizzly bears | Raincoast Conservation Foundation”\nhttp://www.raincoast.org/media/press-releases/media-release-management-by-bc-government-gambles-future-of-grizzly-bears/\n\nPublication: UVIC.CA \nTitle: “Our new publication on the BC Grizzly Hunt”\nhttp://www.web.uvic.ca/~darimont/our-new-publication-on-the-bc-grizzly-hunt/\n\nIf you see any additional coverage of this paper in the press or blogosphere, please reply to this thread and add the link to the article. \n", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2013-11-08T23:15:29Z", "lastModified"=>"2013-11-08T23:15:29Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"80539"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>true, "body"=>"PLOS ONE staff"}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0078041", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSONE"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSONE", "eIssn"=>"1932-6203", "title"=>"PLOS ONE"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>0, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2013-11-08T23:15:29Z", "replies"=>[]}
• {"type"=>"COMMENT", "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/annotation/40a06650-224a-48c6-91cb-2ccf9d07c376", "title"=>"Media Coverage of This Article", "body"=>"The following article represents some of the media coverage that has occurred for this paper:\n\nPublication: Biology, not politics, must drive B.C. grizzly bear management | Notes from the Panther Lounge | David Suzuki Foundation \nTitle: “Biology, not politics, must drive B.C. grizzly bear management | Notes from the Panther Lounge | David Suzuki Foundation”\nhttp://www.davidsuzuki.org/blogs/panther-lounge/2013/11/biology-not-politics-must-drive-bc-grizzly-bear-management/\n\nPublication: Hunting rates of Grizzly Bears are much higher than Government's Claim: Researchers | French Tribune \nTitle: “Hunting rates of Grizzly Bears are much higher than Government's Claim: Researchers | French Tribune”\nhttp://frenchtribune.com/teneur/1320584-hunting-rates-grizzly-bears-are-much-higher-government-s-claim-researchers\n\nPublication: Trophy bear hunt driving local population to decline? | Watch GlobalNews Videos \nTitle: “Trophy bear hunt driving local population to decline? | Watch GlobalNews Videos”\nhttp://globalnews.ca/video/951658/trophy-bear-hunt-driving-local-population-to-decline\n\nPublication: Hockey player Clayton Stoner: Is grizzly hunting sporting? \nTitle: “Hockey player Clayton Stoner: Is grizzly hunting sporting?”\nhttp://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/wild_things/2013/11/hockey_player_clayton_stoner_is_grizzly_hunting_sporting.2.html\n\nPublication: Study suggests grizzly bear hunts are threatening their numbers in B.C. \nTitle: “Study suggests grizzly bear hunts are threatening their numbers in B.C.”\nhttp://www.timescolonist.com/study-suggests-grizzly-bear-hunts-are-threatening-their-numbers-in-b-c-1.687059\n\nPublication: Stephen Hume: B.C.'s promotion of grizzly hunt is ideological, not scientific \nTitle: “Stephen Hume: B.C.'s promotion of grizzly hunt is ideological, not scientific”\nhttp://www.vancouversun.com/opinion/columnists/Stephen+Hume+promotion+grizzly+hunt+ideological/9140392/story.html\n\nIf you see any additional coverage of this paper in the press or blogosphere, please reply to this thread and add the link to the article. \n", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2013-11-22T23:02:54Z", "lastModified"=>"2013-11-22T23:02:54Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"80539"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>true, "body"=>"PLOS ONE staff"}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0078041", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSONE"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSONE", "eIssn"=>"1932-6203", "title"=>"PLOS ONE"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>0, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2013-11-22T23:02:54Z", "replies"=>[]}

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• {"id"=>"398209500487766016", "text"=>"BC grizzly bear management is too risky http://t.co/4r2CEqmlmz @ChrisDarimont @JohnReynoldsSFU @KyleArtelle @sean_anderson @QuantEcologyABC", "created_at"=>"2013-11-06T22:05:17Z", "user"=>"QuantEcologyABC", "user_name"=>"Andy Cooper", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/378800000030455030/e66b7bf61cd0f3eacd711b08499a8eb3_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"398209690816880640", "text"=>"New scientific study: BC grizzly management gamble: http://t.co/w8rkd0Ppb6", "created_at"=>"2013-11-06T22:06:03Z", "user"=>"KyleArtelle", "user_name"=>"Kyle Artelle", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/378800000635357222/5dd39cba69c9e823b2048ad7809bfaa8_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"398209764506603520", "text"=>"RT @KyleArtelle: New scientific study: BC grizzly management gamble: http://t.co/w8rkd0Ppb6", "created_at"=>"2013-11-06T22:06:20Z", "user"=>"QuantEcologyABC", "user_name"=>"Andy Cooper", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/378800000030455030/e66b7bf61cd0f3eacd711b08499a8eb3_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"398210655209005056", "text"=>"Confronting Uncertainty in Wildlife Management: Performance of Grizzly Bear Management http://t.co/Ua3tSYVB5z", "created_at"=>"2013-11-06T22:09:53Z", "user"=>"PLOSONE", "user_name"=>"PLOS ONE", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/2429958559/mzjl6as5u2m09r2erof6_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"398211320505311232", "text"=>"RT @KyleArtelle: New scientific study: BC grizzly management gamble: http://t.co/w8rkd0Ppb6", "created_at"=>"2013-11-06T22:12:31Z", "user"=>"brettfavaro", "user_name"=>"Brett Favaro", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1813566827/face_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"398211380953636864", "text"=>"RT @PLOSONE: Confronting Uncertainty in Wildlife Management: Performance of Grizzly Bear Management http://t.co/Ua3tSYVB5z", "created_at"=>"2013-11-06T22:12:46Z", "user"=>"QuantEcologyABC", "user_name"=>"Andy Cooper", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/378800000030455030/e66b7bf61cd0f3eacd711b08499a8eb3_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"398211577557831680", "text"=>"RT @PLOSONE: Confronting Uncertainty in Wildlife Management: Performance of Grizzly Bear Management http://t.co/Ua3tSYVB5z", "created_at"=>"2013-11-06T22:13:33Z", "user"=>"CollinVanBuren", "user_name"=>"Collin VanBuren", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/378800000100231022/26e21254d8ce4f156f62e8188a91721e_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"398212675382960128", "text"=>"RT @PLOSONE: Confronting Uncertainty in Wildlife Management: Performance of Grizzly Bear Management http://t.co/Ua3tSYVB5z", "created_at"=>"2013-11-06T22:17:54Z", "user"=>"shyduroff", "user_name"=>"shyduroff", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/3695201339/dcec331712656e45a8bbeebc392e5ec8_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"398214254978801665", "text"=>"RT @QuantEcologyABC: BC grizzly bear management is too risky http://t.co/4r2CEqmlmz @ChrisDarimont @JohnReynoldsSFU @KyleArtelle @sean_ande…", "created_at"=>"2013-11-06T22:24:11Z", "user"=>"ChrisDarimont", "user_name"=>"Chris Darimont", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/3384547349/d8a244783a31725cc6f76d5611070d0a_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"398214617887154176", "text"=>"RT @PLOSONE: Confronting Uncertainty in Wildlife Management: Performance of Grizzly Bear Management http://t.co/Ua3tSYVB5z", "created_at"=>"2013-11-06T22:25:38Z", "user"=>"jdraew", "user_name"=>"J. Robertson", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/3250051977/91abc9677b8502c5ab9a124391b431b0_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"398215639749234688", "text"=>"Our new paper on grizzly bear hunt in BC. \nhttp://t.co/Afm8y8Sqaa\n@bearsforeverbc @bearsmatter @BearTrust @bearsmart", "created_at"=>"2013-11-06T22:29:41Z", "user"=>"ChrisDarimont", "user_name"=>"Chris Darimont", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/3384547349/d8a244783a31725cc6f76d5611070d0a_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"398215898986606592", "text"=>"Science that matters: new paper on BC grizzly hunt\nhttp://t.co/Afm8y8Sqaa\n@UVicGeog @UVicGeographers @UVicSocialSci @ELCuvic", "created_at"=>"2013-11-06T22:30:43Z", "user"=>"ChrisDarimont", "user_name"=>"Chris Darimont", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/3384547349/d8a244783a31725cc6f76d5611070d0a_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"398216584323268608", "text"=>"\"Confronting Uncertainty in Wildlife Management: Performance of Grizzly Bear Management\" http://t.co/Hhxb5hxr88 #PLOSONE #OpenAccess", "created_at"=>"2013-11-06T22:33:26Z", "user"=>"msulibrary", "user_name"=>"MSU Library", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1910163522/Capture_normal.JPG"}
• {"id"=>"398218401463549953", "text"=>"New Paper: Confronting Uncertainty- Performance of Grizzly Bear Management http://t.co/qvL0rvlotI #bcpoli #uvic #sfu", "created_at"=>"2013-11-06T22:40:40Z", "user"=>"Raincoast", "user_name"=>"Raincoast ", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1835299715/raincoast-twitter_bigger_normal.gif"}
• {"id"=>"398221892303081474", "text"=>".@KyleArtelle led a sophisticated & important new paper on grizzly bear hunt in BC. http://t.co/Afm8y8Sqaa @JohnReynoldsSFU", "created_at"=>"2013-11-06T22:54:32Z", "user"=>"ChrisDarimont", "user_name"=>"Chris Darimont", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/3384547349/d8a244783a31725cc6f76d5611070d0a_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"398222278497816576", "text"=>"RT @ChrisDarimont: .@KyleArtelle led a sophisticated & important new paper on grizzly bear hunt in BC. http://t.co/Afm8y8Sqaa @JohnReynolds…", "created_at"=>"2013-11-06T22:56:04Z", "user"=>"QuantEcologyABC", "user_name"=>"Andy Cooper", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/378800000030455030/e66b7bf61cd0f3eacd711b08499a8eb3_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"398223155698733057", "text"=>"Map of overkills in Grizzly Bear Hunt Management in BC:\nFrom our new paper: http://t.co/Afm8y8Sqaa\n@geo http://t.co/58uxPV2Zyd", "created_at"=>"2013-11-06T22:59:33Z", "user"=>"ChrisDarimont", "user_name"=>"Chris Darimont", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/3384547349/d8a244783a31725cc6f76d5611070d0a_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"398223387153035264", "text"=>"RT @ChrisDarimont: Map of overkills in Grizzly Bear Hunt Management in BC:\nFrom our new paper: http://t.co/Afm8y8Sqaa\n@geo http://t.co/58ux…", "created_at"=>"2013-11-06T23:00:28Z", "user"=>"KyleArtelle", "user_name"=>"Kyle Artelle", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/378800000635357222/5dd39cba69c9e823b2048ad7809bfaa8_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"398223529851629569", "text"=>"RT @ChrisDarimont: Our new paper on grizzly bear hunt in BC. \nhttp://t.co/Afm8y8Sqaa\n@bearsforeverbc @bearsmatter @BearTrust @bearsmart", "created_at"=>"2013-11-06T23:01:02Z", "user"=>"KyleArtelle", "user_name"=>"Kyle Artelle", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/378800000635357222/5dd39cba69c9e823b2048ad7809bfaa8_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"398224046317268993", "text"=>"RT @ChrisDarimont: .@KyleArtelle led a sophisticated & important new paper on grizzly bear hunt in BC. http://t.co/Afm8y8Sqaa @JohnReynolds…", "created_at"=>"2013-11-06T23:03:05Z", "user"=>"BStarzomski", "user_name"=>"Brian Starzomski", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/3106077572/c0d5549e5cee07de016e0754ea5f56d0_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"398224383040184320", "text"=>"RT @ChrisDarimont: Map of overkills in Grizzly Bear Hunt Management in BC:\nFrom our new paper: http://t.co/Afm8y8Sqaa\n@geo http://t.co/58ux…", "created_at"=>"2013-11-06T23:04:26Z", "user"=>"QuantEcologyABC", "user_name"=>"Andy Cooper", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/378800000030455030/e66b7bf61cd0f3eacd711b08499a8eb3_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"398228606314229760", "text"=>"Here is a paper about the problem of uncertainty in the management of grizzly bears in BC http://t.co/OIQLTuFGFj", "created_at"=>"2013-11-06T23:21:13Z", "user"=>"belizabethrose", "user_name"=>"Brett Howard", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1296528425/image_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"398229054488190976", "text"=>"RT @Raincoast: New Paper: Confronting Uncertainty- Performance of Grizzly Bear Management http://t.co/qvL0rvlotI #bcpoli #uvic #sfu", "created_at"=>"2013-11-06T23:22:59Z", "user"=>"ChrisDarimont", "user_name"=>"Chris Darimont", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/3384547349/d8a244783a31725cc6f76d5611070d0a_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"398251047358971904", "text"=>"There will always be uncertainty in wildlife mgmt. This paper shows how important it is to address it http://t.co/4r2CEqmlmz @PLOSONE", "created_at"=>"2013-11-07T00:50:23Z", "user"=>"QuantEcologyABC", "user_name"=>"Andy Cooper", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/378800000030455030/e66b7bf61cd0f3eacd711b08499a8eb3_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"398255257890742273", "text"=>"RT @ChrisDarimont: Map of overkills in Grizzly Bear Hunt Management in BC:\nFrom our new paper: http://t.co/Afm8y8Sqaa\n@geo http://t.co/58ux…", "created_at"=>"2013-11-07T01:07:07Z", "user"=>"Aerin_J", "user_name"=>"Aerin Jacob", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/3609392209/004b63e488ccf4f40a7b39f6cd90fcff_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"398264193637298178", "text"=>"RT @Raincoast: New Paper: Confronting Uncertainty- Performance of Grizzly Bear Management http://t.co/qvL0rvlotI #bcpoli #uvic #sfu", "created_at"=>"2013-11-07T01:42:37Z", "user"=>"midislandnews", "user_name"=>"Mid Island News", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1910721333/MID_normal.gif"}
• {"id"=>"398267438959046656", "text"=>"#PLOSONE publishes study on uncertainty in management of BC grizzlies; says commercial hunt should be cut ~in half: http://t.co/mxCRoQ6BXw", "created_at"=>"2013-11-07T01:55:31Z", "user"=>"t_vantyghem", "user_name"=>"tracey vantyghem", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/378800000648368020/c0fbdcb247a5a3256859f6941d674ff6_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"398271081179398145", "text"=>"BC Grizzly hunt unsustainable sez study. It's also freakin ugly, barbaric and anthropocentrically sick. http://t.co/B1dkKrQb4j", "created_at"=>"2013-11-07T02:09:59Z", "user"=>"macdade2", "user_name"=>"bill davidson", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/3385175046/f3f9b1f5914b3a40be458398e64899da_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"398295401561735168", "text"=>"RT @QuantEcologyABC: BC grizzly bear management is too risky http://t.co/4r2CEqmlmz @ChrisDarimont @JohnReynoldsSFU @KyleArtelle @sean_ande…", "created_at"=>"2013-11-07T03:46:38Z", "user"=>"sean_anderson", "user_name"=>"Sean Anderson", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/2483838258/v5d7yvo1r1iakhejxwvk_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"398324468667256832", "text"=>"Scientists find that grizzlies being hunted at unsustainable levels in BC - beyond targets set by government http://t.co/WWtPQKwxe5", "created_at"=>"2013-11-07T05:42:08Z", "user"=>"faisal_moola", "user_name"=>"faisal moola", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1234649870/5840_123751952562_636837562_2773227_6468694_n_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"398327384723582977", "text"=>"Scientists find grizzlies being hunted at unsustainable levels in BC - beyond targets set by government #idlenomore http://t.co/UOOIOEIDWw …", "created_at"=>"2013-11-07T05:53:43Z", "user"=>"lulex", "user_name"=>"Louisette Lanteigne", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/378800000025363215/76be917a3bb15b65b9d2bf220760196d_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"398328220686090240", "text"=>"@IndigoRave here's link to study showing widespread over-killing of grizzlies in BC http://t.co/lfchiEETuF #bcpoli", "created_at"=>"2013-11-07T05:57:03Z", "user"=>"faisal_moola", "user_name"=>"faisal moola", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1234649870/5840_123751952562_636837562_2773227_6468694_n_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"398335379712917507", "text"=>"RT @faisal_moola: @IndigoRave here's link to study showing widespread over-killing of grizzlies in BC http://t.co/lfchiEETuF #bcpoli", "created_at"=>"2013-11-07T06:25:29Z", "user"=>"IndigoRave", "user_name"=>"Indigo Raven", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/2988715744/900bba1de3b419ca7016ed0bace6648a_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"398339369477484544", "text"=>"#PLOSONE: Confronting Uncertainty in Wildlife Management: Performance of Grizzly Bear Management http://t.co/gvGfX1WdBn", "created_at"=>"2013-11-07T06:41:21Z", "user"=>"mjjuanjorda", "user_name"=>"Maria J Juan-Jordá", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/378800000081277453/31db8d5dfbd98c7944ed315cc60354b1_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"398363068784062465", "text"=>"RT @ChrisDarimont: .@KyleArtelle led a sophisticated & important new paper on grizzly bear hunt in BC. http://t.co/Afm8y8Sqaa @JohnReynolds…", "created_at"=>"2013-11-07T08:15:31Z", "user"=>"salspiritbear", "user_name"=>"Sal Spiritbear", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1239397122/saltwitter_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"398363150568808449", "text"=>"RT @Raincoast: New Paper: Confronting Uncertainty- Performance of Grizzly Bear Management http://t.co/qvL0rvlotI #bcpoli #uvic #sfu", "created_at"=>"2013-11-07T08:15:50Z", "user"=>"salspiritbear", "user_name"=>"Sal Spiritbear", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1239397122/saltwitter_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"398459959723053056", "text"=>"Researchers from @SFU and @uvicnews say that grizzly bears are being overhunted in BC, recommend new mgmt strategies http://t.co/xCFQ0N78Yf", "created_at"=>"2013-11-07T14:40:32Z", "user"=>"SMCCanada", "user_name"=>"Science Media Centre", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1766852448/facebook_sq_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"398462954703572993", "text"=>"RT @KyleArtelle: New scientific study: BC grizzly management gamble: http://t.co/w8rkd0Ppb6", "created_at"=>"2013-11-07T14:52:26Z", "user"=>"burt_jenn", "user_name"=>"Jenn Burt", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/378800000392816753/bb5d810541a97d273eb01ceb9b1e1506_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"398464082950361088", "text"=>"Way to go @KyleArtelle! Your PLoS 1 article on grizzly management was on the CBC news this morning. http://t.co/QWXLpx3mlc", "created_at"=>"2013-11-07T14:56:55Z", "user"=>"burt_jenn", "user_name"=>"Jenn Burt", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/378800000392816753/bb5d810541a97d273eb01ceb9b1e1506_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"398493677355401216", "text"=>"There will always be uncertainty in wildlife mgmt. This paper shows how important it is to address it http://t.co/4r2CEqmlmz @PLOSONE", "created_at"=>"2013-11-07T16:54:30Z", "user"=>"QuantEcologyABC", "user_name"=>"Andy Cooper", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/378800000030455030/e66b7bf61cd0f3eacd711b08499a8eb3_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"398498690727297024", "text"=>"Research team incl Kyle Artelle of #SFU Hakai Network publish independent study of BC's grizzly mgmt program @PLOSONE http://t.co/h77hXvQbYo", "created_at"=>"2013-11-07T17:14:26Z", "user"=>"SFUResearch", "user_name"=>"SFU Research", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/2648642329/2f85d7cd0eb6518954272747403ca18f_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"398510076270370816", "text"=>"RT @ChrisDarimont: Science that matters: new paper on BC grizzly hunt\nhttp://t.co/Afm8y8Sqaa\n@UVicGeog @UVicGeographers @UVicSocialSci @ELC…", "created_at"=>"2013-11-07T17:59:40Z", "user"=>"UVicSocialSci", "user_name"=>"UVic Social Sciences", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1077301815/SOSC_box_370C_rgb_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"398520942894129153", "text"=>"New Study: Realistic mortality rates for grizzly bears should be considered in managing the BC hunt: http://t.co/ieEAxHSDuj", "created_at"=>"2013-11-07T18:42:51Z", "user"=>"niki_wilson", "user_name"=>"Niki Wilson", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1453310754/niki-promo-6_low_res_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"398524684339527680", "text"=>"RT @burt_jenn: Way to go @KyleArtelle! Your PLoS 1 article on grizzly management was on the CBC news this morning. http://t.co/QWXLpx3mlc", "created_at"=>"2013-11-07T18:57:43Z", "user"=>"phishdoc", "user_name"=>"Natalie Sopinka", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/378800000582411606/062ae01a5c6afdd218ee52387e933123_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"398532324763398147", "text"=>"MT @SMCCanada: Researchers from @SFU and @uvicnews say grizzlies are overhunted in BC, recommend new mgmt strategies http://t.co/7MoaKa2Lbg", "created_at"=>"2013-11-07T19:28:05Z", "user"=>"uvicnews", "user_name"=>"UVic News", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/120429720/uv_csq_colour_normal.gif"}
• {"id"=>"398538365286350848", "text"=>"RT @ChrisDarimont: Science that matters: new paper on BC grizzly hunt\nhttp://t.co/Afm8y8Sqaa\n@UVicGeog @UVicGeographers @UVicSocialSci @ELC…", "created_at"=>"2013-11-07T19:52:05Z", "user"=>"UVicGeog", "user_name"=>"UVic Geography", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/3285356423/2c2677b761b9fd0dfdaf8652bee260a2_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"398577186006761472", "text"=>"RT @ChrisDarimont: Science that matters: new paper on BC grizzly hunt\nhttp://t.co/Afm8y8Sqaa\n@UVicGeog @UVicGeographers @UVicSocialSci @ELC…", "created_at"=>"2013-11-07T22:26:21Z", "user"=>"ELCuvic", "user_name"=>"ELC@uvic.ca", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/326696876/logo_leaf_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"398670556473479168", "text"=>"If gov't regulations don't change, we're going to lose grizzly bears in BC. Please, no. http://t.co/E5qAu4QYmv paper: http://t.co/BqamfXb8c2", "created_at"=>"2013-11-08T04:37:22Z", "user"=>"KasiaNotKesha", "user_name"=>"Catherine Owsik", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/3782132107/78bded4d9b331557129e34b9cc59be08_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"398694026808791040", "text"=>"RT @ChrisDarimont: .@KyleArtelle led a sophisticated & important new paper on grizzly bear hunt in BC. http://t.co/Afm8y8Sqaa @JohnReynolds…", "created_at"=>"2013-11-08T06:10:38Z", "user"=>"mtncypress", "user_name"=>"Megan Adams", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/3410003630/02747bde2e58afb118b378d31f90f0d6_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"398704388258418688", "text"=>"RT @ChrisDarimont: .@KyleArtelle led a sophisticated & important new paper on grizzly bear hunt in BC. http://t.co/Afm8y8Sqaa @JohnReynolds…", "created_at"=>"2013-11-08T06:51:48Z", "user"=>"rhousty", "user_name"=>"Rory Housty", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/378800000504130026/2d49b94a9b9405d7672ab3eb71f67302_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"398845628039458816", "text"=>"Good looking paper Kyle RT @KyleArtelle: New scientific study: BC grizzly management gamble: http://t.co/ajWVCBAroh", "created_at"=>"2013-11-08T16:13:02Z", "user"=>"jaimedash", "user_name"=>"Jaime Ashander", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1130118902/twitter_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"399551304457924608", "text"=>"Confronting Uncertainty in Wildlife Management: Performance of Grizzly Bear Management http://t.co/ixxP90zAFW", "created_at"=>"2013-11-10T14:57:08Z", "user"=>"rjpayne", "user_name"=>"Bob Payne", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/3411256554/1b49713f63aa0f5ab0974cc9143b5635_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"399566639047258112", "text"=>"RT @rjpayne: Confronting Uncertainty in Wildlife Management: Performance of Grizzly Bear Management http://t.co/ixxP90zAFW", "created_at"=>"2013-11-10T15:58:05Z", "user"=>"BearTrust", "user_name"=>"Bear Trust Intl", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1370200263/BearTrustLogo_small_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"399812065592090624", "text"=>"RT @rjpayne: Confronting Uncertainty in Wildlife Management: Performance of Grizzly Bear Management http://t.co/ixxP90zAFW", "created_at"=>"2013-11-11T08:13:19Z", "user"=>"WaterVole", "user_name"=>"Jo Cartmell", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/3413632353/5c3545d0a8028fb76bf0692f420d5aa4_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"400129173756182529", "text"=>"@KyleArtelle @ChrisDarimont Congrats on your @PLOSONE paper AND excellent outreach re: Grizzly Trophy Hunting in BC http://t.co/qsC1IjMaR2", "created_at"=>"2013-11-12T05:13:23Z", "user"=>"Nancy_Baron", "user_name"=>"Nancy Baron", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1017651029/Final_Cover_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"400469873605636096", "text"=>"RT @ChrisDarimont: Map of overkills in Grizzly Bear Hunt Management in BC:\nFrom our new paper: http://t.co/Afm8y8Sqaa\n@geo http://t.co/58ux…", "created_at"=>"2013-11-13T03:47:12Z", "user"=>"mtncypress", "user_name"=>"Megan Adams", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/3410003630/02747bde2e58afb118b378d31f90f0d6_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"400785629241290752", "text"=>"RT @ChrisDarimont: Map of overkills in Grizzly Bear Hunt Management in BC:\nFrom our new paper: http://t.co/Afm8y8Sqaa\n@geo http://t.co/58ux…", "created_at"=>"2013-11-14T00:41:54Z", "user"=>"JennWalkus", "user_name"=>"Jennifer Walkus", "user_profile_image"=>"http://abs.twimg.com/sticky/default_profile_images/default_profile_1_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"401085001271214080", "text"=>"Scientists weigh in on the BC grizzly hunt, read the @slate article: http://t.co/5A4Ep64Nf6 and @PLOSONE study: http://t.co/x1OCZblFxU", "created_at"=>"2013-11-14T20:31:30Z", "user"=>"judeisabella", "user_name"=>"judeisabella", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/2627418482/iqxpzrn1b57gzsaxknet_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"401433126162792448", "text"=>"@MargaretAtwood Spread the word? Scientists weigh in on BC's grizzly hunt: http://t.co/5A4Ep64Nf6 & @PLOSONE study: http://t.co/x1OCZblFxU", "created_at"=>"2013-11-15T19:34:50Z", "user"=>"judeisabella", "user_name"=>"judeisabella", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/2627418482/iqxpzrn1b57gzsaxknet_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"405381924350222336", "text"=>".@ChrisDarimont: Science matters: new paper on BC grizzly hunt\nhttp://t.co/ZiYHpJOoS2\n@UVicGeog @UVicGeographers #cdnenv #uncertainties", "created_at"=>"2013-11-26T17:05:57Z", "user"=>"AngusMcDuff", "user_name"=>"AngusMcDuff", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/378800000678521321/508a7cda308785cde4d4facb17bcf449_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"438062189744627712", "text"=>"http://t.co/3rhTwJnJJ1 Govt's own data that they ignore and expand grizz trophy hunt in BC anyway.", "created_at"=>"2014-02-24T21:25:39Z", "user"=>"bearsmatter", "user_name"=>"Barb Murray", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/429521812993478656/j3bd75-5_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"445415604963405824", "text"=>".@VancouverSun calls \"Brutish\" Columbia on grizz hunt, citing @KyleArtelle et al study @JohnReynoldsSFU @Raincoast \nhttp://t.co/QRdIl1G9KA", "created_at"=>"2014-03-17T04:25:30Z", "user"=>"ChrisDarimont", "user_name"=>"Chris Darimont", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/3384547349/d8a244783a31725cc6f76d5611070d0a_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"445700070998933504", "text"=>"RT @ChrisDarimont: .@VancouverSun calls \"Brutish\" Columbia on grizz hunt, citing @KyleArtelle et al study @JohnReynoldsSFU @Raincoast \nhttp…", "created_at"=>"2014-03-17T23:15:52Z", "user"=>"JohnReynoldsSFU", "user_name"=>"John Reynolds", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/2398019193/n9e64z0uqv32bx2kswk5_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"446855401057710080", "text"=>"RT @ChrisDarimont: .@VancouverSun calls \"Brutish\" Columbia on grizz hunt, citing @KyleArtelle et al study @JohnReynoldsSFU @Raincoast \nhttp…", "created_at"=>"2014-03-21T03:46:44Z", "user"=>"faisal_moola", "user_name"=>"faisal moola", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1234649870/5840_123751952562_636837562_2773227_6468694_n_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"456856751728361472", "text"=>"@ChrisDarimont @KyleArtelle @JohnReynoldsSFU broader suite of metrics avail for your (i.e. all @plos) paper here: http://t.co/45GSEvphXl", "created_at"=>"2014-04-17T18:08:32Z", "user"=>"PLOSALM", "user_name"=>"PLOS ALM", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/2436224581/zmve3uo73uwm606l0d7i_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"456864079362027521", "text"=>"RT @PLOSALM: @ChrisDarimont @KyleArtelle @JohnReynoldsSFU broader suite of metrics avail for your (i.e. all @plos) paper here: http://t.co/…", "created_at"=>"2014-04-17T18:37:39Z", "user"=>"ChrisDarimont", "user_name"=>"Chris Darimont", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/3384547349/d8a244783a31725cc6f76d5611070d0a_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"457198802232176640", "text"=>"RT @PLOSALM: @ChrisDarimont @KyleArtelle @JohnReynoldsSFU broader suite of metrics avail for your (i.e. all @plos) paper here: http://t.co/…", "created_at"=>"2014-04-18T16:47:43Z", "user"=>"sherimorgan538", "user_name"=>"sheri morgan", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/456228452547305472/C6zKPzHo_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"717534236513804288", "text"=>"BC Grizzly hunt uses \"best available science\". https://t.co/VcrBXokcIz Ignores ours https://t.co/bcWDUOGDG8 @KyleArtelle @ChrisDarimont", "created_at"=>"2016-04-06T02:07:47Z", "user"=>"JohnReynoldsSFU", "user_name"=>"John Reynolds", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/2398019193/n9e64z0uqv32bx2kswk5_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"717576710087028736", "text"=>"RT @JohnReynoldsSFU: BC Grizzly hunt uses \"best available science\". https://t.co/VcrBXokcIz Ignores ours https://t.co/bcWDUOGDG8 @KyleArt…", "created_at"=>"2016-04-06T04:56:34Z", "user"=>"ChrisDarimont", "user_name"=>"Chris Darimont", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/3384547349/d8a244783a31725cc6f76d5611070d0a_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"717577587371802624", "text"=>"RT @JohnReynoldsSFU: BC Grizzly hunt uses \"best available science\". https://t.co/VcrBXokcIz Ignores ours https://t.co/bcWDUOGDG8 @KyleArt…", "created_at"=>"2016-04-06T05:00:03Z", "user"=>"sabinejessen", "user_name"=>"sabine jessen", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1445782370/DSC_0011_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"717580784060616704", "text"=>"RT @JohnReynoldsSFU: BC Grizzly hunt uses \"best available science\". https://t.co/VcrBXokcIz Ignores ours https://t.co/bcWDUOGDG8 @KyleArt…", "created_at"=>"2016-04-06T05:12:45Z", "user"=>"Dr_TGG", "user_name"=>"Dr. Travis G Gerwing", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/646413763315433472/cLASwUva_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"717748735938322432", "text"=>"RT @JohnReynoldsSFU: BC Grizzly hunt uses \"best available science\". https://t.co/VcrBXokcIz Ignores ours https://t.co/bcWDUOGDG8 @KyleArt…", "created_at"=>"2016-04-06T16:20:08Z", "user"=>"kyle_armst", "user_name"=>"Kyle Armstrong", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/542044450168385536/uk3-mXM8_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"717879944882364418", "text"=>"RT @JohnReynoldsSFU: BC Grizzly hunt uses \"best available science\". https://t.co/VcrBXokcIz Ignores ours https://t.co/bcWDUOGDG8 @KyleArt…", "created_at"=>"2016-04-07T01:01:31Z", "user"=>"vioreldpopescu", "user_name"=>"Viorel Popescu", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/3444546606/85171d257d91e2477b8bedefaa2be2fd_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"718462863388508164", "text"=>"RT @JohnReynoldsSFU: BC Grizzly hunt uses \"best available science\". https://t.co/VcrBXokcIz Ignores ours https://t.co/bcWDUOGDG8 @KyleArt…", "created_at"=>"2016-04-08T15:37:49Z", "user"=>"BearTrust", "user_name"=>"Bear Trust Intl", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/695347688032710658/L-C0CX5e_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"719530053508288512", "text"=>"RT @JohnReynoldsSFU: BC Grizzly hunt uses \"best available science\". https://t.co/VcrBXokcIz Ignores ours https://t.co/bcWDUOGDG8 @KyleArt…", "created_at"=>"2016-04-11T14:18:27Z", "user"=>"Raincoast", "user_name"=>"Raincoast", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/463797310376259585/0UQMAnO0_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"719531255038091265", "text"=>"RT @JohnReynoldsSFU: BC Grizzly hunt uses \"best available science\". https://t.co/VcrBXokcIz Ignores ours https://t.co/bcWDUOGDG8 @KyleArt…", "created_at"=>"2016-04-11T14:23:14Z", "user"=>"bmellon1410", "user_name"=>"Brian Mellon", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/692252229634514945/LrIRgqa8_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"719532202308927488", "text"=>"RT @JohnReynoldsSFU: BC Grizzly hunt uses \"best available science\". https://t.co/VcrBXokcIz Ignores ours https://t.co/bcWDUOGDG8 @KyleArt…", "created_at"=>"2016-04-11T14:26:59Z", "user"=>"ryleega", "user_name"=>"Rylee Murray", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/517451644775051264/voLRyS9A_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"719533567571722240", "text"=>"RT @JohnReynoldsSFU: BC Grizzly hunt uses \"best available science\". https://t.co/VcrBXokcIz Ignores ours https://t.co/bcWDUOGDG8 @KyleArt…", "created_at"=>"2016-04-11T14:32:25Z", "user"=>"sevenslide", "user_name"=>"seven", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/657797758212935681/gYkjraTx_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"719618342726701057", "text"=>"RT @JohnReynoldsSFU: BC Grizzly hunt uses \"best available science\". https://t.co/VcrBXokcIz Ignores ours https://t.co/bcWDUOGDG8 @KyleArt…", "created_at"=>"2016-04-11T20:09:17Z", "user"=>"NuxalkRadio", "user_name"=>"Nuxalk Radio", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/516657214627409920/x04KWCNs_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"722238338741047296", "text"=>"RT @JohnReynoldsSFU: BC Grizzly hunt uses \"best available science\". https://t.co/VcrBXokcIz Ignores ours https://t.co/bcWDUOGDG8 @KyleArt…", "created_at"=>"2016-04-19T01:40:13Z", "user"=>"BStarzomski", "user_name"=>"Brian Starzomski", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/3106077572/c0d5549e5cee07de016e0754ea5f56d0_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"722835440659795968", "text"=>"RT @JohnReynoldsSFU: BC Grizzly hunt uses \"best available science\". https://t.co/VcrBXokcIz Ignores ours https://t.co/bcWDUOGDG8 @KyleArt…", "created_at"=>"2016-04-20T17:12:53Z", "user"=>"alinacfisher", "user_name"=>"Alina", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/413070800745271296/CQraP28C_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"725108079050690560", "text"=>"RT @JohnReynoldsSFU: BC Grizzly hunt uses \"best available science\". https://t.co/VcrBXokcIz Ignores ours https://t.co/bcWDUOGDG8 @KyleArt…", "created_at"=>"2016-04-26T23:43:32Z", "user"=>"grizzlybearcon", "user_name"=>"Grizzly Bear", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/714925527124062208/hwvUErA3_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"732529119330590720", "text"=>"RT @JohnReynoldsSFU: BC Grizzly hunt uses \"best available science\". https://t.co/VcrBXokcIz Ignores ours https://t.co/bcWDUOGDG8 @KyleArt…", "created_at"=>"2016-05-17T11:12:06Z", "user"=>"barabaramee42", "user_name"=>"barabara delwiche", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/677217294263713793/Oak5od10_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"751130077342081024", "text"=>".@Cris_Paunescu To make it easier for you here's link to peer-reviewed data/analysis on over-hunting of grizzlies https://t.co/Ey0qZL42L8", "created_at"=>"2016-07-07T19:05:40Z", "user"=>"faisal_moola", "user_name"=>"Faisal Moola", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/718748534036656128/oSYr0Gd6_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"755923676227313664", "text"=>"#PLOSONE: Confronting Uncertainty in Wildlife Management: Performance of Grizzly Bear Management https://t.co/RBDyCWagtT", "created_at"=>"2016-07-21T00:33:43Z", "user"=>"karimski7", "user_name"=>"Karim Sebkhi", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/470156903998164993/SPkvwT4y_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"786584307817062402", "text"=>"@AndrewKuzniecow Happy to. Published in the prestigious PLOS academic journal: https://t.co/Ey0qZLlDCG", "created_at"=>"2016-10-13T15:08:07Z", "user"=>"faisal_moola", "user_name"=>"Faisal Moola", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/775533979881439232/zUKbAp7F_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"812003311985405953", "text"=>"New papers on sustainability of the grizzly bear hunt in BC Canada \nhttps://t.co/tAptZcHILc\nhttps://t.co/7IGCDMbb0p… https://t.co/q8cZIkKgEg", "created_at"=>"2016-12-22T18:34:10Z", "user"=>"BCWildlife", "user_name"=>"BC Wildlife Fed.", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/694978804259762176/fhHfEcaX_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"812071928349356032", "text"=>"RT @BCWildlife: New papers on sustainability of the grizzly bear hunt in BC Canada \nhttps://t.co/tAptZcHILc\nhttps://t.co/7IGCDMbb0p\n#conser…", "created_at"=>"2016-12-22T23:06:49Z", "user"=>"JZThinAir", "user_name"=>"Jesse Zeman", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/3425523525/3e69184818d190cd58257b8a627aa38c_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"812528486623522816", "text"=>"RT @BCWildlife: New papers on sustainability of the grizzly bear hunt in BC Canada \nhttps://t.co/tAptZcHILc\nhttps://t.co/7IGCDMbb0p\n#conser…", "created_at"=>"2016-12-24T05:21:01Z", "user"=>"mike_mcclement", "user_name"=>"Mike McClement", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/614292164273569793/k_LMxGIL_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"820740632427790339", "text"=>"RT @BCWildlife: New papers on sustainability of the grizzly bear hunt in BC Canada \nhttps://t.co/tAptZcHILc\nhttps://t.co/7IGCDMbb0p\n#conser…", "created_at"=>"2017-01-15T21:13:10Z", "user"=>"sobolevyxb1970", "user_name"=>"Sha Kunz", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/820715899850227712/kz3Mka7T_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"856677623853834240", "text"=>"@rookie_hunter @bmellon1410 @Justice4BCGrizz https://t.co/izQPqcYjKE lots of examples of overhunting grizzlies leading to declining pop's.", "created_at"=>"2017-04-25T01:13:56Z", "user"=>"JohnEMarriott", "user_name"=>"John E Marriott", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/542938255/sum0936_wildlifephotographer_jasper_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"911648785326944256", "text"=>"@joerogan https://t.co/9f9Vo3jr5Q", "created_at"=>"2017-09-23T17:49:42Z", "user"=>"romanchapman17", "user_name"=>"Roman Chapman", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/841448168902475777/Rz6jrdLY_normal.jpg"}

Wikipedia | Further Information

• {"title"=>"File:Confronting-Uncertainty-in-Wildlife-Management-Performance-of-Grizzly-Bear-Management-pone.0078041.s009.ogv", "url"=>"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Confronting-Uncertainty-in-Wildlife-Management-Performance-of-Grizzly-Bear-Management-pone.0078041.s009.ogv", "timestamp"=>"2018-04-17T22:21:41Z"}
• {"title"=>"File:Confronting-Uncertainty-in-Wildlife-Management-Performance-of-Grizzly-Bear-Management-pone.0078041.s010.ogv", "url"=>"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Confronting-Uncertainty-in-Wildlife-Management-Performance-of-Grizzly-Bear-Management-pone.0078041.s010.ogv", "timestamp"=>"2018-04-17T22:21:41Z"}

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• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1269733"], "description"=>"<p>(A) female mortality as percent of all mortality, (B) female mortality as percent of all mortality in female overmortality events, (C) female hunting mortality as percent of all hunting mortality, and (D) female hunting mortality as a percent of all hunting mortality in female overmortality events. Vertical red lines indicate 30%, the threshold below which female mortality must remain for total mortality limits to be theoretically sustainable according to the BC government’s mortality management procedure.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["percent", "grizzly", "arctos", "units", "british", "allocation", "periods"], "article_id"=>842816, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences"], "users"=>["Kyle A. Artelle", "Sean C. Anderson", "Andrew B. Cooper", "Paul C. Paquet", "John D. Reynolds", "Chris T. Darimont"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0078041.g005", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>4, "page_views"=>8, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Female_mortality_as_percent_of_total_mortality_across_Grizzly_Bear_U_arctos_horriblis_Population_Units_population_units_in_British_Columbia_Canada_and_allocation_periods_2001_2003_2004_2006_and_2007_2011_/842816", "title"=>"Female mortality as percent of total mortality across Grizzly Bear (<i>U. arctos horriblis)</i> Population Units (“population units”) in British Columbia, Canada, and allocation periods (2001–2003, 2004–2006, and 2007–2011).", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2013-11-06 02:43:07"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1269731"], "description"=>"<p>Black curve is a Michaelis-Menten curve fitted by maximum likelihood, assuming a negative binomial error distribution. Red dashed line indicates a 1∶1 relationship; solid red dots above this line signal population unit-level overmortality events. Dark and light grey-shaded regions encompass the 50% and 80% prediction intervals, respectively (smoothed for visual purposes). Inset histograms show the distribution of GBPU-level percent difference between known mortalities and mortality targets (conflated with limits under mortality management policy); red bars to the right of red dashed lines indicate overmortality events.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["grizzly", "arctos", "units", "british", "si"], "article_id"=>842814, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences"], "users"=>["Kyle A. Artelle", "Sean C. Anderson", "Andrew B. Cooper", "Paul C. Paquet", "John D. Reynolds", "Chris T. Darimont"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0078041.g003", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>1, "page_views"=>11, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Outcome_uncertainty_for_A_total_and_B_female_mortality_in_Grizzly_Bear_U_arctos_horribilis_Population_Units_population_units_in_British_Columbia_Canada_2007_2011_see_SI_for_additional_periods_/842814", "title"=>"Outcome uncertainty for A) total and B) female mortality in Grizzly Bear (<i>U. arctos horribilis</i>) Population Units (“population units”) in British Columbia, Canada, 2007–2011 (see SI for additional periods).", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2013-11-06 02:43:07"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1269737", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1269738", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1269739", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1269740", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1269741", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1269742", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1269743", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1269744", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1269745", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1269746"], "description"=>"<div><p>Scientific management of wildlife requires confronting the complexities of natural and social systems. Uncertainty poses a central problem. Whereas the importance of considering uncertainty has been widely discussed, studies of the effects of unaddressed uncertainty on real management systems have been rare. We examined the effects of outcome uncertainty and components of biological uncertainty on hunt management performance, illustrated with grizzly bears (<i>Ursus arctos horribilis</i>) in British Columbia, Canada. We found that both forms of uncertainty can have serious impacts on management performance. Outcome uncertainty alone – discrepancy between expected and realized mortality levels – led to excess mortality in 19% of cases (population-years) examined. Accounting for uncertainty around estimated biological parameters (<i>i.e.</i>, biological uncertainty) revealed that excess mortality might have occurred in up to 70% of cases. We offer a general method for identifying targets for exploited species that incorporates uncertainty and maintains the probability of exceeding mortality limits below specified thresholds. Setting targets in our focal system using this method at thresholds of 25% and 5% probability of overmortality would require average target mortality reductions of 47% and 81%, respectively. Application of our transparent and generalizable framework to this or other systems could improve management performance in the presence of uncertainty.</p></div>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["grizzly"], "article_id"=>842819, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences"], "users"=>["Kyle A. Artelle", "Sean C. Anderson", "Andrew B. Cooper", "Paul C. Paquet", "John D. Reynolds", "Chris T. Darimont"], "doi"=>["https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0078041.s001", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0078041.s002", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0078041.s003", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0078041.s004", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0078041.s005", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0078041.s006", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0078041.s007", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0078041.s008", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0078041.s009", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0078041.s010"], "stats"=>{"downloads"=>10, "page_views"=>11, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Confronting_Uncertainty_in_Wildlife_Management_Performance_of_Grizzly_Bear_Management_/842819", "title"=>"Confronting Uncertainty in Wildlife Management: Performance of Grizzly Bear Management", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>4, "published_date"=>"2013-11-06 02:43:07"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1269735"], "description"=>"<p>Targets (dashed black lines) from this approach are set so that the resulting outcome uncertainty distribution (grey distribution) overlaps with a maximum of 5% or 25% of the mortality limit uncertainty distribution (red distribution). Red vertical lines represent mortality limits (conflated with targets in previous periods under mortality management policy) set by the government in 2007–2011. Magnitudes of recommended target reductions are shown by black double-headed arrows. E-F) Reduction in mortality targets, relative to 2007–2011 targets (conflated with limits under mortality management policy), required to maintain the probability of both female and total overmortality below E) 5% or F) 25%. Increasingly dark red indicates increasing target reductions identified.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["probability", "overmortality", "integrating", "stewart", "grizzly", "arctos"], "article_id"=>842818, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences"], "users"=>["Kyle A. Artelle", "Sean C. Anderson", "Andrew B. Cooper", "Paul C. Paquet", "John D. Reynolds", "Chris T. Darimont"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0078041.g007", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>1, "page_views"=>12, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Illustration_of_our_method_for_setting_female_A_and_C_and_total_B_and_D_mortality_targets_with_maximum_probability_of_overmortality_of_5_A_and_B_or_25_C_and_D_by_integrating_outcome_uncertainty_grey_distribution_and_mortality_limit_uncertainty_red_distri/842818", "title"=>"Illustration of our method for setting female (A and C) and total (B and D) mortality targets, with maximum probability of overmortality of 5% (A and B) or 25% (C and D) by integrating outcome uncertainty (grey distribution) and mortality limit uncertainty (red distribution), using the Stewart Grizzly Bear (<i>U. arctos horribilis</i>) Population Unit as an example.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2013-11-06 02:43:07"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1269730"], "description"=>"<p>Blue vertical line represents the mortality limit point estimate used by government. Entire distribution (in this example a hypothetical normal distribution used for simplicity) represents the distribution of mortality limit uncertainty, or the distribution of simulated mortality limits. Red dashed line represents the known mortality for the same population unit-period. Red portion of the distribution represents the proportion of simulated mortality limits that fell below known mortality levels in the population unit-period. The percent area of the overall distribution occupied by the red portion provides a proxy for the probability that overmortality occurred. See also <a href=\"http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0078041#pone.0078041.s009\" target=\"_blank\">Video S1</a>.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["estimating", "probability", "overmortality", "grizzly", "arctos"], "article_id"=>842813, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences"], "users"=>["Kyle A. Artelle", "Sean C. Anderson", "Andrew B. Cooper", "Paul C. Paquet", "John D. Reynolds", "Chris T. Darimont"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0078041.g002", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>7, "page_views"=>11, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Illustration_of_method_for_estimating_the_probability_of_overmortality_in_an_individual_Grizzly_Bear_U_arctos_horribilis_Population_Unit_population_unit_and_period_/842813", "title"=>"Illustration of method for estimating the probability of overmortality in an individual Grizzly Bear (<i>U. arctos horribilis</i>) Population Unit (“population unit”) and period.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2013-11-06 02:43:07"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1269729"], "description"=>"<p>A province-wide moratorium on the trophy hunt during one of two hunting seasons caused lower hunting mortality in 2001.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["grizzly", "arctos", "non-hunting", "sources", "british"], "article_id"=>842812, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences"], "users"=>["Kyle A. Artelle", "Sean C. Anderson", "Andrew B. Cooper", "Paul C. Paquet", "John D. Reynolds", "Chris T. Darimont"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0078041.g001", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>1, "page_views"=>13, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Total_grizzly_bear_U_arctos_horribilis_mortality_from_hunting_solid_black_line_and_non_hunting_sources_dashed_line_in_British_Columbia_Canada_from_2001_2011_/842812", "title"=>"Total grizzly bear (<i>U. arctos horribilis</i>) mortality from hunting (solid-black line) and non-hunting sources (dashed line) in British Columbia, Canada, from 2001–2011.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2013-11-06 02:43:07"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1269734"], "description"=>"<p>A) Overmortalities detected given known hunting mortality levels and without consideration of mortality limit uncertainty. Blue indicates population units with detected overmortality whereas white indicates population units without. B–D) Simulated probability of total or female overmortality, incorporating uncertainty around mortality limits. Panel B shows simulated probability of overmortality given known mortality rates; panels C and D show what the probability of overmortality would be had hunting mortality been reduced by 50% or 100%, respectively, assuming other sources of mortality remained unchanged. Increasingly dark red indicates an increasing probability of overmortality in a given period. Grizzly bears have been extirpated from dark-grey areas. Light-grey areas indicate population units in which populations are either threatened or were closed to hunting during the study period.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["overmortalities", "grizzly", "arctos", "units", "british", "si"], "article_id"=>842817, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences"], "users"=>["Kyle A. Artelle", "Sean C. Anderson", "Andrew B. Cooper", "Paul C. Paquet", "John D. Reynolds", "Chris T. Darimont"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0078041.g006", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>5, "page_views"=>19, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Total_and_female_overmortalities_of_Grizzly_Bear_U_arctos_horribilis_Population_Units_population_units_of_British_Columbia_Canada_from_2007_2011_see_SI_for_additional_periods_/842817", "title"=>"Total and female overmortalities of Grizzly Bear (<i>U. arctos horribilis</i>) Population Units (“population units”) of British Columbia, Canada, from 2007–2011 (see SI for additional periods).", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2013-11-06 02:43:07"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1269732"], "description"=>"<p>Shown are 2009 population unit boundaries. Hunting is not allowed in areas denoted as “threatened”, “extirpated”, or “closed to hunting”. One additional population unit (Blackwater-West Chilcotin) has been reclassified as threatened as of 2012.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["allocation", "periods", "overmortality", "occurred", "grizzly", "arctos", "units", "british"], "article_id"=>842815, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences"], "users"=>["Kyle A. Artelle", "Sean C. Anderson", "Andrew B. Cooper", "Paul C. Paquet", "John D. Reynolds", "Chris T. Darimont"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0078041.g004", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>1, "page_views"=>11, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Number_of_allocation_periods_2001_2003_2004_2006_or_2007_2011_in_which_female_or_total_overmortality_occurred_in_Grizzly_Bear_U_arctos_horribilis_Population_Units_population_units_of_British_Columbia_Canada_/842815", "title"=>"Number of allocation periods (2001–2003, 2004–2006, or 2007–2011) in which female or total overmortality occurred in Grizzly Bear (<i>U. arctos horribilis</i>) Population Units (“population units”) of British Columbia, Canada.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2013-11-06 02:43:07"}

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Relative Metric

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F1000Prime