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{"title"=>"Multiple pigment cell types contribute to the black, blue, and orange ornaments of male guppies (Poecilia reticulata)", "type"=>"journal", "authors"=>[{"first_name"=>"Verena A.", "last_name"=>"Kottler", "scopus_author_id"=>"55639084600"}, {"first_name"=>"Iris", "last_name"=>"Koch", "scopus_author_id"=>"7006792155"}, {"first_name"=>"Matthias", "last_name"=>"Flötenmeyer", "scopus_author_id"=>"6506645029"}, {"first_name"=>"Hisashi", "last_name"=>"Hashimoto", "scopus_author_id"=>"56988374000"}, {"first_name"=>"Detlef", "last_name"=>"Weigel", "scopus_author_id"=>"7006125954"}, {"first_name"=>"Christine", "last_name"=>"Dreyer", "scopus_author_id"=>"7006652234"}], "year"=>2014, "source"=>"PLoS ONE", "identifiers"=>{"sgr"=>"84899805711", "doi"=>"10.1371/journal.pone.0085647", "pui"=>"373020762", "pmid"=>"24465632", "scopus"=>"2-s2.0-84899805711", "issn"=>"19326203", "isbn"=>"1932-6203"}, "id"=>"e52c3dc6-4f39-39f3-8bdd-293c60baf875", "abstract"=>"The fitness of male guppies (Poecilia reticulata) highly depends on the size and number of their black, blue, and orange ornaments. Recently, progress has been made regarding the genetic mechanisms underlying male guppy pigment pattern formation, but we still know little about the pigment cell organization within these ornaments. Here, we investigate the pigment cell distribution within the black, blue, and orange trunk spots and selected fin color patterns of guppy males from three genetically divergent strains using transmission electron microscopy. We identified three types of pigment cells and found that at least two of these contribute to each color trait. Further, two pigment cell layers, one in the dermis and the other in the hypodermis, contribute to each trunk spot. The pigment cell organization within the black and orange trunk spots was similar between strains. The presence of iridophores in each of the investigated color traits is consistent with a key role for this pigment cell type in guppy color pattern formation.;", "link"=>"http://www.mendeley.com/research/multiple-pigment-cell-types-contribute-black-blue-orange-ornaments-male-guppies-poecilia-reticulata", "reader_count"=>45, "reader_count_by_academic_status"=>{"Unspecified"=>1, "Professor > Associate Professor"=>2, "Researcher"=>3, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>2, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>12, "Student > Postgraduate"=>4, "Student > Master"=>6, "Other"=>2, "Student > Bachelor"=>12, "Lecturer"=>1}, "reader_count_by_user_role"=>{"Unspecified"=>1, "Professor > Associate Professor"=>2, "Researcher"=>3, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>2, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>12, "Student > Postgraduate"=>4, "Student > Master"=>6, "Other"=>2, "Student > Bachelor"=>12, "Lecturer"=>1}, "reader_count_by_subject_area"=>{"Unspecified"=>2, "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>2, "Materials Science"=>1, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>31, "Philosophy"=>1, "Business, Management and Accounting"=>1, "Veterinary Science and Veterinary Medicine"=>2, "Chemistry"=>2, "Immunology and Microbiology"=>1, "Linguistics"=>1, "Environmental Science"=>1}, "reader_count_by_subdiscipline"=>{"Materials Science"=>{"Materials Science"=>1}, "Chemistry"=>{"Chemistry"=>2}, "Immunology and Microbiology"=>{"Immunology and Microbiology"=>1}, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>{"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>31}, "Business, Management and Accounting"=>{"Business, Management and Accounting"=>1}, "Linguistics"=>{"Linguistics"=>1}, "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>{"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>2}, "Unspecified"=>{"Unspecified"=>2}, "Environmental Science"=>{"Environmental Science"=>1}, "Philosophy"=>{"Philosophy"=>1}, "Veterinary Science and Veterinary Medicine"=>{"Veterinary Science and Veterinary Medicine"=>2}}, "reader_count_by_country"=>{"Czech Republic"=>2, "United States"=>1, "Brazil"=>1, "Germany"=>1, "India"=>1}, "group_count"=>0}

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• http://doi.org/10.1111/pcmr.12386
• http://doi.org/10.1111/ede.12268
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2018.09.055
• http://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.23741
• http://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.119.302698
• http://doi.org/10.1111/pcmr.12359
• http://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.14138
• http://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19123929
• http://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-59502-5
• http://doi.org/10.1111/pcmr.12332
• http://doi.org/10.1111/joa.12373
• http://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-genet-112618-043741
• http://doi.org/10.1080/10454438.2019.1629371
• http://doi.org/10.1111/jeb.13342
• http://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.5689
• http://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-68700-0
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmau.2015.07.001
• http://doi.org/10.1515/biolog-2017-0008

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• {"id"=>"426115960555069440", "text"=>"Multiple Pigment Cell Types Contribute to the Black, Blue, & Orange Ornaments of Male Guppies http://t.co/mrpbu26i3W http://t.co/DdTQY1FKoJ", "created_at"=>"2014-01-22T22:15:36Z", "user"=>"PLOSONE", "user_name"=>"PLOS ONE", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/2429958559/mzjl6as5u2m09r2erof6_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"426116489692073985", "text"=>"RT @PLOSONE: Multiple Pigment Cell Types Contribute to the Black, Blue, & Orange Ornaments of Male Guppies http://t.co/mrpbu26i3W http://t.…", "created_at"=>"2014-01-22T22:17:42Z", "user"=>"Uraeus_Nefer", "user_name"=>"Nefer_", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1661341452/kandinsky.comp-6_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"426160013384900608", "text"=>"RT @PLOSONE: Multiple Pigment Cell Types Contribute to the Black, Blue, & Orange Ornaments of Male Guppies http://t.co/mrpbu26i3W http://t.…", "created_at"=>"2014-01-23T01:10:39Z", "user"=>"LaurierBiology", "user_name"=>"Laurier Biology", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/2391927363/zyz3k969h8ij58in83c9_normal.gif"}
• {"id"=>"426339692825825280", "text"=>"#SixIncredibleThingsBeforeBreakfast: Colourful characters. Multiple pigment cell types of male guppies. http://t.co/3H9BIydAeZ via @PLOSONE", "created_at"=>"2014-01-23T13:04:38Z", "user"=>"m_m_campbell", "user_name"=>"Malcolm M. Campbell", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1752503297/260714_100000752280655_74601805_n_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"426769313379278848", "text"=>"Multiple Pigment Cell Types Contribute to the Black, Blue, and Orange Ornaments of Male Guppies (Poecilia reticulata) http://t.co/wNmcC1fdqj", "created_at"=>"2014-01-24T17:31:47Z", "user"=>"wahyuwei", "user_name"=>"wahyuwei", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/378800000528260887/7d1b0c41fa7ab122b5c341ca0bd7edfa_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"433699032775401472", "text"=>"Multiple Pigment Cell Types Contribute to the Black, Blue, and Orange Ornaments of Male Guppies: http://t.co/rx3k1PwIag @PLOSONE", "created_at"=>"2014-02-12T20:28:01Z", "user"=>"SeriouslyFish", "user_name"=>"Seriously Fish", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1274693246/Youtube_logo_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"433701487173455872", "text"=>"RT @SeriouslyFish: Multiple Pigment Cell Types Contribute to the Black, Blue, and Orange Ornaments of Male Guppies: http://t.co/rx3k1PwIag …", "created_at"=>"2014-02-12T20:37:47Z", "user"=>"TellDrtell", "user_name"=>"Rachel Tell", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/2725999223/e8905f88e63df1ac7f8c65c2aad5655b_normal.png"}
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• {"id"=>"451842305419247616", "text"=>"Multiple Pigment Cell Types Contribute to Guppy colors - http://t.co/Wxtti8kluL #aquarium #fish http://t.co/KuHeM9jN3h", "created_at"=>"2014-04-03T22:02:55Z", "user"=>"ALALivebearers", "user_name"=>"Livebearer Assoc", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1289463787/Logo-3_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"455115367703392256", "text"=>"RT @ALALivebearers: Multiple Pigment Cell Types Contribute to Guppy colors - http://t.co/Wxtti8kluL #aquarium #fish http://t.co/KuHeM9jN3h", "created_at"=>"2014-04-12T22:48:53Z", "user"=>"HugoSmal", "user_name"=>"HugoSmal", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/449495421250207744/FB23rmz0_normal.jpeg"}
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• {"month"=>"4", "year"=>"2021", "pdf_views"=>"4", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"18"}

Figshare

• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1356797"], "description"=>"<p>Xanthophores (X), melanophores (M) and iridophores (I) on the dorsal side of a guppy female shown under incident light. Leucophores could not be identified. Scale bar: 200 µm.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["Anatomy and physiology", "skin", "Skin anatomy", "Comparative anatomy", "developmental biology", "Organism development", "Pattern formation", "Cell differentiation", "histology", "Marine biology", "Fisheries science", "Zoology", "Ichthyology", "types"], "article_id"=>909220, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences"], "users"=>["Verena A. Kottler", "Iris Koch", "Matthias Flötenmeyer", "Hisashi Hashimoto", "Detlef Weigel", "Christine Dreyer"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0085647.g001", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>6, "page_views"=>17, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Pigment_cell_types_of_the_guppy_/909220", "title"=>"Pigment cell types of the guppy.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2014-01-22 04:26:04"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1356868", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1356870", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1356871"], "description"=>"<div><p>The fitness of male guppies (<i>Poecilia reticulata</i>) highly depends on the size and number of their black, blue, and orange ornaments. Recently, progress has been made regarding the genetic mechanisms underlying male guppy pigment pattern formation, but we still know little about the pigment cell organization within these ornaments. Here, we investigate the pigment cell distribution within the black, blue, and orange trunk spots and selected fin color patterns of guppy males from three genetically divergent strains using transmission electron microscopy. We identified three types of pigment cells and found that at least two of these contribute to each color trait. Further, two pigment cell layers, one in the dermis and the other in the hypodermis, contribute to each trunk spot. The pigment cell organization within the black and orange trunk spots was similar between strains. The presence of iridophores in each of the investigated color traits is consistent with a key role for this pigment cell type in guppy color pattern formation.</p></div>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["Anatomy and physiology", "skin", "Skin anatomy", "Comparative anatomy", "developmental biology", "Organism development", "Pattern formation", "Cell differentiation", "histology", "Marine biology", "Fisheries science", "Zoology", "Ichthyology", "pigment", "types", "ornaments", "guppies"], "article_id"=>909285, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences"], "users"=>["Verena A. Kottler", "Iris Koch", "Matthias Flötenmeyer", "Hisashi Hashimoto", "Detlef Weigel", "Christine Dreyer"], "doi"=>["https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0085647.s001", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0085647.s002", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0085647.s003"], "stats"=>{"downloads"=>5, "page_views"=>52, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/Multiple_Pigment_Cell_Types_Contribute_to_the_Black_Blue_and_Orange_Ornaments_of_Male_Guppies_Poecilia_reticulata_/909285", "title"=>"Multiple Pigment Cell Types Contribute to the Black, Blue, and Orange Ornaments of Male Guppies (<i>Poecilia reticulata</i>)", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>4, "published_date"=>"2014-01-22 04:26:04"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1356803"], "description"=>"<p>(A,C,E) Lateral aspects of adult males taken under incident light conditions. White rectangles indicate details enlarged in (B,D,F) and <a href=\"http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0085647#pone-0085647-g006\" target=\"_blank\">Figures 6</a> and <a href=\"http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0085647#pone-0085647-g007\" target=\"_blank\">7</a>. Traits are labeled with numbers according to their appearance in the text: 1, Cumaná black and orange ornaments on the dorsal fin; 2, Cumaná blue iridescent spot; 3, Cumaná ventral black margin of the caudal peduncle; 4, Cumaná orange-black lining of the tail fin; 5, Quare6 tail fin color pattern; 6, central black spot; 7, central orange spot; 8, Quare6 posterior black spot on caudal peduncle; 9, Maculatus black spot and whitish ornaments on the dorsal fin. We investigated the ultrastructure of traits 2, 4 (orange part), 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 (whitish part). Scale bars: (A,C,E) 0.5 cm; (B,D,F) 500 µm.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["Anatomy and physiology", "skin", "Skin anatomy", "Comparative anatomy", "developmental biology", "Organism development", "Pattern formation", "Cell differentiation", "histology", "Marine biology", "Fisheries science", "Zoology", "Ichthyology", "maculatus"], "article_id"=>909226, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences"], "users"=>["Verena A. Kottler", "Iris Koch", "Matthias Flötenmeyer", "Hisashi Hashimoto", "Detlef Weigel", "Christine Dreyer"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0085647.g002", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>7, "page_views"=>15, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Phenotypes_of_male_Cuman_225_Quare6_and_Maculatus_guppies_/909226", "title"=>"Phenotypes of male Cumaná, Quare6, and Maculatus guppies.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2014-01-22 04:26:04"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1356809"], "description"=>"<p>(A) Melanophore on top of a scale in the dermis. Melanophores can be recognized by their dark-appearing pigment organelles, the eumelanin-containing melanosomes. (B) Melanophores, xanthophores, and iridophores in the hypodermis of the central orange spot of a Maculatus male. (C,D) Dermal xanthophores within the central orange spot of a Cumaná male. BL, basal lamina demarcating the boundary between the epidermis and dermis; E, epidermis; EO, external osseous layer of scale; I, iridophore; IF, internal fibrillary plate of scale; M, melanophore; MR, microridges of the epidermis; N, nucleus; SC, stratum compactum of dermis; ve, small vesicles or granules described in the text; X, xanthophore; xa, xanthosomes. Asterisks exemplarily mark artifacts caused by sample preparation; inflated empty spaces within iridophores are not marked. Individuals from which images (B-D) were taken were post-fixed with osmium tetroxide. Scale bars: 2 µm.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["Anatomy and physiology", "skin", "Skin anatomy", "Comparative anatomy", "developmental biology", "Organism development", "Pattern formation", "Cell differentiation", "histology", "Marine biology", "Fisheries science", "Zoology", "Ichthyology", "images", "guppy", "chromatophore"], "article_id"=>909232, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences"], "users"=>["Verena A. Kottler", "Iris Koch", "Matthias Flötenmeyer", "Hisashi Hashimoto", "Detlef Weigel", "Christine Dreyer"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0085647.g003", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>3, "page_views"=>22, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_TEM_images_of_guppy_chromatophore_types_/909232", "title"=>"TEM images of guppy chromatophore types.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2014-01-22 04:26:04"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1356848"], "description"=>"<p>(A,B) TEM images of Cumaná central black spot. An image of the central black spot taken under incident light conditions is shown in <a href=\"http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0085647#pone-0085647-g002\" target=\"_blank\">Figure 2B</a> (trait 6). Melanophores in the dermis and melanophores and iridophores in the hypodermis contribute to the spot. (C) Detail image of area boxed in <a href=\"http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0085647#pone-0085647-g002\" target=\"_blank\">Figure 2C</a> showing Quare6 ornaments on the lateral caudal peduncle. Image was taken under incident light conditions. 8, posterior black spot. (D) TEM image of Quare6 posterior black spot. Individual from which image (B) was taken was post-fixed with osmium tetroxide. For abbreviations see <a href=\"http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0085647#pone-0085647-g003\" target=\"_blank\">Figures 3</a> and <a href=\"http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0085647#pone-0085647-g004\" target=\"_blank\">4</a>. Scale bars: (A,B,D) 5 µm; (C) 500 µm.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["Anatomy and physiology", "skin", "Skin anatomy", "Comparative anatomy", "developmental biology", "Organism development", "Pattern formation", "Cell differentiation", "histology", "Marine biology", "Fisheries science", "Zoology", "Ichthyology", "quare6", "posterior"], "article_id"=>909268, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences"], "users"=>["Verena A. Kottler", "Iris Koch", "Matthias Flötenmeyer", "Hisashi Hashimoto", "Detlef Weigel", "Christine Dreyer"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0085647.g006", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>3, "page_views"=>14, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Ultrastructure_of_Cuman_225_central_black_spot_and_Quare6_posterior_black_spot_/909268", "title"=>"Ultrastructure of Cumaná central black spot and Quare6 posterior black spot.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2014-01-22 04:26:04"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1356852"], "description"=>"<p>(A,D,F) Detail images of regions boxed in <a href=\"http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0085647#pone-0085647-g002\" target=\"_blank\">Figure 2A, 2C, and 2E</a> taken under incident light conditions. (D) and (F) are from the individual shown in <a href=\"http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0085647#pone-0085647-g002\" target=\"_blank\">Figure 2E and 2C</a>, respectively. (A) is from a Cumaná male different from the one shown in <a href=\"http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0085647#pone-0085647-g002\" target=\"_blank\">Figure 2A</a>. (B,C,E,G) TEM images. (A) Cumaná orange-black margin of tail fin (trait 4). The ultrastructure of the orange part is shown in (B) and (C). (D) Maculatus dorsal fin ornaments (trait 9). The ultrastructure of the whitish part is shown in (E). (F) Quare6 tail fin pattern (trait 5). The ultrastructure of the whitish area is shown in (G). For abbreviations see <a href=\"http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0085647#pone-0085647-g003\" target=\"_blank\">Figures 3</a> and <a href=\"http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0085647#pone-0085647-g004\" target=\"_blank\">4</a>. Individual from which image (C) was taken was post-fixed with osmium tetroxide. Scale bars: (A,D,F) 500 µm; (B) 5 µm; (C,G) 1 µm; (E) 2 µm.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["Anatomy and physiology", "skin", "Skin anatomy", "Comparative anatomy", "developmental biology", "Organism development", "Pattern formation", "Cell differentiation", "histology", "Marine biology", "Fisheries science", "Zoology", "Ichthyology", "fin"], "article_id"=>909272, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences"], "users"=>["Verena A. Kottler", "Iris Koch", "Matthias Flötenmeyer", "Hisashi Hashimoto", "Detlef Weigel", "Christine Dreyer"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0085647.g007", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>1, "page_views"=>12, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Ultrastructure_of_fin_color_patterns_/909272", "title"=>"Ultrastructure of fin color patterns.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2014-01-22 04:26:04"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1356819"], "description"=>"<p>(A,B) TEM images of Cumaná blue spot. An image of the blue spot taken under incident light conditions is shown in <a href=\"http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0085647#pone-0085647-g002\" target=\"_blank\">Figure 2B</a> (trait 2). Dermal iridophores and hypodermal iridophores and melanophores contribute to the spot. The epidermis was detached during sample preparation in (A). D, dermis; H, hypodermis; MU, muscle; S, scale; SP, stratum spongiosum of dermis. For other abbreviations see <a href=\"http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0085647#pone-0085647-g003\" target=\"_blank\">Figure 3</a>. Individual from which image (A) was taken was post-fixed with osmium tetroxide. Scale bars: 5 µm.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["Anatomy and physiology", "skin", "Skin anatomy", "Comparative anatomy", "developmental biology", "Organism development", "Pattern formation", "Cell differentiation", "histology", "Marine biology", "Fisheries science", "Zoology", "Ichthyology"], "article_id"=>909242, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences"], "users"=>["Verena A. Kottler", "Iris Koch", "Matthias Flötenmeyer", "Hisashi Hashimoto", "Detlef Weigel", "Christine Dreyer"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0085647.g004", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>1, "page_views"=>4, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Ultrastructure_of_Cuman_225_blue_spot_/909242", "title"=>"Ultrastructure of Cumaná blue spot.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2014-01-22 04:26:04"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1356836"], "description"=>"<p>(A,B) TEM images of Cumaná central orange spot. An overview image of the pigment cell distribution is shown in <a href=\"http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0085647#pone.0085647.s001\" target=\"_blank\">Figure S1</a>. An image of the central orange spot taken under incident light conditions is shown in <a href=\"http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0085647#pone-0085647-g002\" target=\"_blank\">Figure 2B</a> (trait 7). Dermal xanthophores and hypodermal xanthophores and iridophores contribute to the spot. For abbreviations see <a href=\"http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0085647#pone-0085647-g003\" target=\"_blank\">Figures 3</a> and <a href=\"http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0085647#pone-0085647-g004\" target=\"_blank\">4</a>. Individuals from which images were taken were post-fixed with osmium tetroxide. Scale bars: (A) 2 µm; (B) 1 µm.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["Anatomy and physiology", "skin", "Skin anatomy", "Comparative anatomy", "developmental biology", "Organism development", "Pattern formation", "Cell differentiation", "histology", "Marine biology", "Fisheries science", "Zoology", "Ichthyology"], "article_id"=>909258, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences"], "users"=>["Verena A. Kottler", "Iris Koch", "Matthias Flötenmeyer", "Hisashi Hashimoto", "Detlef Weigel", "Christine Dreyer"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0085647.g005", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>1, "page_views"=>6, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Ultrastructure_of_Cuman_225_central_orange_spot_/909258", "title"=>"Ultrastructure of Cumaná central orange spot.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2014-01-22 04:26:04"}

PMC Usage Stats | Further Information

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Relative Metric

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F1000Prime