Ants Use Partner Specific Odors to Learn to Recognize a Mutualistic Partner
- Publication Date
- January 29, 2014
- Journal
- PLOS ONE
- Authors
- Masaru K. Hojo, Ari Yamamoto, Toshiharu Akino, Kazuki Tsuji, et al
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- e86054
- DOI
- https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0086054
- Publisher URL
- http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0086054
- PubMed
- http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24489690
- PubMed Central
- http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3906017
- Europe PMC
- http://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/24489690
- Web of Science
- 000330570000023
- Scopus
- 84900461243
- Mendeley
- http://www.mendeley.com/research/ants-partner-specific-odors-learn-recognize-mutualistic-partner
Loading … 

Events
Loading … 

Mendeley | Further Information
{"title"=>"Ants use partner specific odors to learn to recognize a mutualistic partner", "type"=>"journal", "authors"=>[{"first_name"=>"Masaru K.", "last_name"=>"Hojo", "scopus_author_id"=>"8372360600"}, {"first_name"=>"Ari", "last_name"=>"Yamamoto", "scopus_author_id"=>"56157378800"}, {"first_name"=>"Toshiharu", "last_name"=>"Akino", "scopus_author_id"=>"7007108784"}, {"first_name"=>"Kazuki", "last_name"=>"Tsuji", "scopus_author_id"=>"7402728673"}, {"first_name"=>"Ryohei", "last_name"=>"Yamaoka", "scopus_author_id"=>"7003972326"}], "year"=>2014, "source"=>"PLoS ONE", "identifiers"=>{"scopus"=>"2-s2.0-84900461243", "sgr"=>"84900461243", "issn"=>"19326203", "doi"=>"10.1371/journal.pone.0086054", "pmid"=>"24489690", "pui"=>"373070567"}, "id"=>"18cfd970-ee64-32b7-b8ad-9509b1fb6870", "abstract"=>"Regulation via interspecific communication is an important for the maintenance of many mutualisms. However, mechanisms underlying the evolution of partner communication are poorly understood for many mutualisms. Here we show, in an ant-lycaenid butterfly mutualism, that attendant ants selectively learn to recognize and interact cooperatively with a partner. Workers of the ant Pristomyrmex punctatus learn to associate cuticular hydrocarbons of mutualistic Narathura japonica caterpillars with food rewards and, as a result, are more likely to tend the caterpillars. However, the workers do not learn to associate the cuticular hydrocarbons of caterpillars of a non-ant-associated lycaenid, Lycaena phlaeas, with artificial food rewards. Chemical analysis revealed cuticular hydrocarbon profiles of the mutualistic caterpillars were complex compared with those of non-ant-associated caterpillars. Our results suggest that partner-recognition based on partner-specific chemical signals and cognitive abilities of workers are important mechanisms underlying the evolution and maintenance of mutualism with ants.", "link"=>"http://www.mendeley.com/research/ants-partner-specific-odors-learn-recognize-mutualistic-partner", "reader_count"=>38, "reader_count_by_academic_status"=>{"Unspecified"=>2, "Professor > Associate Professor"=>2, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>4, "Researcher"=>4, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>12, "Student > Master"=>6, "Other"=>2, "Student > Bachelor"=>3, "Lecturer"=>2, "Lecturer > Senior Lecturer"=>1}, "reader_count_by_user_role"=>{"Unspecified"=>2, "Professor > Associate Professor"=>2, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>4, "Researcher"=>4, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>12, "Student > Master"=>6, "Other"=>2, "Student > Bachelor"=>3, "Lecturer"=>2, "Lecturer > Senior Lecturer"=>1}, "reader_count_by_subject_area"=>{"Unspecified"=>5, "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>1, "Mathematics"=>1, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>28, "Medicine and Dentistry"=>1, "Chemistry"=>1, "Computer Science"=>1}, "reader_count_by_subdiscipline"=>{"Medicine and Dentistry"=>{"Medicine and Dentistry"=>1}, "Chemistry"=>{"Chemistry"=>1}, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>{"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>28}, "Computer Science"=>{"Computer Science"=>1}, "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>{"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>1}, "Mathematics"=>{"Mathematics"=>1}, "Unspecified"=>{"Unspecified"=>5}}, "reader_count_by_country"=>{"Denmark"=>1, "South Africa"=>1}, "group_count"=>1}CrossRef
- http://doi.org/10.1111/bij.12656
- http://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2019.00454
- http://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.1367
- http://doi.org/10.1007/s10071-019-01248-3
- http://doi.org/10.3390/insects5040722
- http://doi.org/10.3330/hikakuseiriseika.33.60
- http://doi.org/10.1111/ens.12417
- http://doi.org/10.1016/j.actao.2015.05.007
- http://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2015.07.016
- http://doi.org/10.1038/srep13541
- http://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0483
- http://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms10322
- http://doi.org/10.1007/s00049-018-0270-8
- http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0120652
- http://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2015.07.067
- http://doi.org/10.1007/s10841-016-9907-5
- http://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12339
- http://doi.org/10.1111/een.12941
- http://doi.org/10.1111/aec.12609
- http://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-017-0891-3
Scopus | Further Information
{"@_fa"=>"true", "link"=>[{"@_fa"=>"true", "@ref"=>"self", "@href"=>"https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/84900461243"}, {"@_fa"=>"true", "@ref"=>"author-affiliation", "@href"=>"https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/84900461243?field=author,affiliation"}, {"@_fa"=>"true", "@ref"=>"scopus", "@href"=>"https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=84900461243&origin=inward"}, {"@_fa"=>"true", "@ref"=>"scopus-citedby", "@href"=>"https://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=84900461243&origin=inward"}], "prism:url"=>"https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/84900461243", "dc:identifier"=>"SCOPUS_ID:84900461243", "eid"=>"2-s2.0-84900461243", "dc:title"=>"Ants use partner specific odors to learn to recognize a mutualistic partner", "dc:creator"=>"Hojo M.", "prism:publicationName"=>"PLoS ONE", "prism:eIssn"=>"19326203", "prism:volume"=>"9", "prism:issueIdentifier"=>"1", "prism:pageRange"=>nil, "prism:coverDate"=>"2014-01-29", "prism:coverDisplayDate"=>"29 January 2014", "prism:doi"=>"10.1371/journal.pone.0086054", "citedby-count"=>"26", "affiliation"=>[{"@_fa"=>"true", "affilname"=>"Kyoto Institute of Technology", "affiliation-city"=>"Kyoto", "affiliation-country"=>"Japan"}, {"@_fa"=>"true", "affilname"=>"University of the Ryukyus", "affiliation-city"=>"Nishihara", "affiliation-country"=>"Japan"}, {"@_fa"=>"true", "affilname"=>"Kobe University", "affiliation-city"=>"Kobe", "affiliation-country"=>"Japan"}, {"@_fa"=>"true", "affilname"=>"Harvard University", "affiliation-city"=>"Cambridge", "affiliation-country"=>"United States"}], "pubmed-id"=>"24489690", "prism:aggregationType"=>"Journal", "subtype"=>"ar", "subtypeDescription"=>"Article", "article-number"=>"e86054", "source-id"=>"10600153309", "openaccess"=>"1", "openaccessFlag"=>true, "freetoread"=>{"value"=>[{"$"=>"all"}, {"$"=>"publisherfullgold"}, {"$"=>"repository"}, {"$"=>"repositoryvor"}, {"$"=>"repositoryam"}]}, "freetoreadLabel"=>{"value"=>[{"$"=>"All Open Access"}, {"$"=>"Gold"}, {"$"=>"Green"}]}}- {"url"=>"http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.plos.org%2Fplosone%2Farticle%3Fid%3D10.1371%252Fjournal.pone.0086054", "share_count"=>0, "like_count"=>0, "comment_count"=>0, "click_count"=>0, "total_count"=>0}
- {"id"=>"428652015812497408", "text"=>"Ants Use Partner Specific Odors to Learn to Recognize a Mutualistic Partner http://t.co/6eoEdINTEJ", "created_at"=>"2014-01-29T22:12:59Z", "user"=>"PLOSONE", "user_name"=>"PLOS ONE", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/2429958559/mzjl6as5u2m09r2erof6_normal.jpeg"}
- {"id"=>"428652051749683201", "text"=>"RT @PLOSONE: Ants Use Partner Specific Odors to Learn to Recognize a Mutualistic Partner http://t.co/6eoEdINTEJ", "created_at"=>"2014-01-29T22:13:07Z", "user"=>"Dr_JamesLogan", "user_name"=>"James Logan", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/378800000685167112/ec1f6a299792b0cae867d25e028abdbf_normal.jpeg"}
- {"id"=>"428652336001458176", "text"=>"RT @PLOSONE: Ants Use Partner Specific Odors to Learn to Recognize a Mutualistic Partner http://t.co/6eoEdINTEJ", "created_at"=>"2014-01-29T22:14:15Z", "user"=>"Sciwhat", "user_name"=>"Susannah L. Bodman", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/3657246207/38520c84e3246015fa79b507beecd8f3_normal.jpeg"}
- {"id"=>"428654322109661184", "text"=>"RT @PLOSONE: Ants Use Partner Specific Odors to Learn to Recognize a Mutualistic Partner http://t.co/6eoEdINTEJ", "created_at"=>"2014-01-29T22:22:09Z", "user"=>"scienceheather", "user_name"=>"Heather Campbell", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/378800000171362869/c1985218f891e137d88c8472383b4d83_normal.jpeg"}
- {"id"=>"428659991306706944", "text"=>"RT @PLOSONE: Ants Use Partner Specific Odors to Learn to Recognize a Mutualistic Partner http://t.co/6eoEdINTEJ", "created_at"=>"2014-01-29T22:44:40Z", "user"=>"CayAus13", "user_name"=>"Cayla Austin", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/3740827849/0f3d8fd8e9a77de7f12409f2512b1072_normal.jpeg"}
- {"id"=>"428692582630039553", "text"=>"Ants Use Partner Specific Odors to Learn to Recognize a Mutualistic Partner http://t.co/xNjEfzr9vE (PLoSone)", "created_at"=>"2014-01-30T00:54:11Z", "user"=>"EcoEvoJournals", "user_name"=>"EcoEvo Journals", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/3595550009/67e39f765d7c8b1cf0ef79a36f36f1b4_normal.jpeg"}
- {"id"=>"428711237459795969", "text"=>"RT @PLOSONE: Ants Use Partner Specific Odors to Learn to Recognize a Mutualistic Partner http://t.co/6eoEdINTEJ", "created_at"=>"2014-01-30T02:08:18Z", "user"=>"orestesmantra", "user_name"=>"Gary Williams", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/378800000319868769/c011375f526a5540d99d1f9f80b23746_normal.jpeg"}
- {"id"=>"428781878821523456", "text"=>"RT @PLOSONE: Ants Use Partner Specific Odors to Learn to Recognize a Mutualistic Partner http://t.co/6eoEdINTEJ", "created_at"=>"2014-01-30T06:49:00Z", "user"=>"HartpuryABW", "user_name"=>"HartpuryABW", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1487930990/Lambs_normal.jpg"}
- {"id"=>"430160973219909632", "text"=>"アリとシジミチョウの共生関係には匂いが重要とかなんとか / Hojo et al. 2014 PLoS ONE http://t.co/3dRxp1EmRx", "created_at"=>"2014-02-03T02:09:02Z", "user"=>"kamefuji", "user_name"=>"かめふじ", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/378800000189577853/3391928a01ba620ece162e77e9837ee8_normal.jpeg"}
- {"id"=>"430509641080897536", "text"=>"Ants Use Partner Specific Odors to Learn to Recognize a Mutualistic Partner http://t.co/6PrIahEKOS", "created_at"=>"2014-02-04T01:14:31Z", "user"=>"G_Pask", "user_name"=>"Greg Pask", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/2000714688/pic_normal.jpg"}
Wikipedia | Further Information
- {"title"=>"File:Ants-Use-Partner-Specific-Odors-to-Learn-to-Recognize-a-Mutualistic-Partner-pone.0086054.s007.ogv", "url"=>"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ants-Use-Partner-Specific-Odors-to-Learn-to-Recognize-a-Mutualistic-Partner-pone.0086054.s007.ogv", "timestamp"=>"2018-10-14T20:20:12Z"}
- {"title"=>"File:Ants-Use-Partner-Specific-Odors-to-Learn-to-Recognize-a-Mutualistic-Partner-pone.0086054.s006.ogv", "url"=>"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ants-Use-Partner-Specific-Odors-to-Learn-to-Recognize-a-Mutualistic-Partner-pone.0086054.s006.ogv", "timestamp"=>"2018-10-14T20:20:12Z"}
Counter
- {"month"=>"1", "year"=>"2014", "pdf_views"=>"36", "xml_views"=>"14", "html_views"=>"429"}
- {"month"=>"2", "year"=>"2014", "pdf_views"=>"67", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"643"}
- {"month"=>"3", "year"=>"2014", "pdf_views"=>"29", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"274"}
- {"month"=>"4", "year"=>"2014", "pdf_views"=>"14", "xml_views"=>"3", "html_views"=>"269"}
- {"month"=>"5", "year"=>"2014", "pdf_views"=>"14", "xml_views"=>"2", "html_views"=>"269"}
- {"month"=>"6", "year"=>"2014", "pdf_views"=>"13", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"257"}
- {"month"=>"7", "year"=>"2014", "pdf_views"=>"9", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"245"}
- {"month"=>"8", "year"=>"2014", "pdf_views"=>"14", "xml_views"=>"2", "html_views"=>"163"}
- {"month"=>"9", "year"=>"2014", "pdf_views"=>"9", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"116"}
- {"month"=>"10", "year"=>"2014", "pdf_views"=>"14", "xml_views"=>"2", "html_views"=>"98"}
- {"month"=>"11", "year"=>"2014", "pdf_views"=>"3", "xml_views"=>"2", "html_views"=>"63"}
- {"month"=>"12", "year"=>"2014", "pdf_views"=>"8", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"98"}
- {"month"=>"1", "year"=>"2015", "pdf_views"=>"8", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"58"}
- {"month"=>"2", "year"=>"2015", "pdf_views"=>"2", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"42"}
- {"month"=>"3", "year"=>"2015", "pdf_views"=>"4", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"59"}
- {"month"=>"4", "year"=>"2015", "pdf_views"=>"13", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"45"}
- {"month"=>"5", "year"=>"2015", "pdf_views"=>"6", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"28"}
- {"month"=>"6", "year"=>"2015", "pdf_views"=>"4", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"30"}
- {"month"=>"7", "year"=>"2015", "pdf_views"=>"7", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"43"}
- {"month"=>"8", "year"=>"2015", "pdf_views"=>"10", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"55"}
- {"month"=>"9", "year"=>"2015", "pdf_views"=>"10", "xml_views"=>"2", "html_views"=>"44"}
- {"month"=>"10", "year"=>"2015", "pdf_views"=>"13", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"87"}
- {"month"=>"11", "year"=>"2015", "pdf_views"=>"9", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"55"}
- {"month"=>"12", "year"=>"2015", "pdf_views"=>"7", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"38"}
- {"month"=>"1", "year"=>"2016", "pdf_views"=>"17", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"27"}
- {"month"=>"2", "year"=>"2016", "pdf_views"=>"3", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"30"}
- {"month"=>"3", "year"=>"2016", "pdf_views"=>"5", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"47"}
- {"month"=>"4", "year"=>"2016", "pdf_views"=>"10", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"49"}
- {"month"=>"5", "year"=>"2016", "pdf_views"=>"9", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"52"}
- {"month"=>"6", "year"=>"2016", "pdf_views"=>"9", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"22"}
- {"month"=>"7", "year"=>"2016", "pdf_views"=>"4", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"30"}
- {"month"=>"8", "year"=>"2016", "pdf_views"=>"12", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"18"}
- {"month"=>"9", "year"=>"2016", "pdf_views"=>"7", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"27"}
- {"month"=>"10", "year"=>"2016", "pdf_views"=>"11", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"21"}
- {"month"=>"11", "year"=>"2016", "pdf_views"=>"11", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"69"}
- {"month"=>"12", "year"=>"2016", "pdf_views"=>"10", "xml_views"=>"2", "html_views"=>"54"}
- {"month"=>"1", "year"=>"2017", "pdf_views"=>"10", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"33"}
- {"month"=>"2", "year"=>"2017", "pdf_views"=>"4", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"23"}
- {"month"=>"3", "year"=>"2017", "pdf_views"=>"4", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"22"}
- {"month"=>"4", "year"=>"2017", "pdf_views"=>"10", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"28"}
- {"month"=>"5", "year"=>"2017", "pdf_views"=>"2", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"22"}
- {"month"=>"6", "year"=>"2017", "pdf_views"=>"3", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"15"}
- {"month"=>"7", "year"=>"2017", "pdf_views"=>"10", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"23"}
- {"month"=>"8", "year"=>"2017", "pdf_views"=>"5", "xml_views"=>"3", "html_views"=>"13"}
- {"month"=>"9", "year"=>"2017", "pdf_views"=>"12", "xml_views"=>"2", "html_views"=>"23"}
- {"month"=>"10", "year"=>"2017", "pdf_views"=>"12", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"41"}
- {"month"=>"11", "year"=>"2017", "pdf_views"=>"2", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"58"}
- {"month"=>"12", "year"=>"2017", "pdf_views"=>"5", "xml_views"=>"2", "html_views"=>"31"}
- {"month"=>"1", "year"=>"2018", "pdf_views"=>"11", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"27"}
- {"month"=>"2", "year"=>"2018", "pdf_views"=>"5", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"8"}
- {"month"=>"3", "year"=>"2018", "pdf_views"=>"7", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"12"}
- {"month"=>"4", "year"=>"2018", "pdf_views"=>"8", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"20"}
- {"month"=>"5", "year"=>"2018", "pdf_views"=>"4", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"10"}
- {"month"=>"6", "year"=>"2018", "pdf_views"=>"8", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"15"}
- {"month"=>"7", "year"=>"2018", "pdf_views"=>"8", "xml_views"=>"3", "html_views"=>"26"}
- {"month"=>"8", "year"=>"2018", "pdf_views"=>"6", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"7"}
- {"month"=>"9", "year"=>"2018", "pdf_views"=>"10", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"17"}
- {"month"=>"10", "year"=>"2018", "pdf_views"=>"1", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"25"}
- {"month"=>"11", "year"=>"2018", "pdf_views"=>"13", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"28"}
- {"month"=>"12", "year"=>"2018", "pdf_views"=>"4", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"9"}
- {"month"=>"1", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"4", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"13"}
- {"month"=>"2", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"8", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"11"}
- {"month"=>"3", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"7", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"10"}
- {"month"=>"4", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"13", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"14"}
- {"month"=>"5", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"15", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"14"}
- {"month"=>"6", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"7", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"5"}
- {"month"=>"7", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"9", "xml_views"=>"2", "html_views"=>"12"}
- {"month"=>"8", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"7", "xml_views"=>"2", "html_views"=>"11"}
- {"month"=>"9", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"12", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"2"}
- {"month"=>"10", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"10", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"25"}
- {"month"=>"11", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"11", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"21"}
- {"month"=>"12", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"11", "xml_views"=>"3", "html_views"=>"16"}
- {"month"=>"1", "year"=>"2020", "pdf_views"=>"12", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"10"}
- {"month"=>"2", "year"=>"2020", "pdf_views"=>"4", "xml_views"=>"3", "html_views"=>"13"}
- {"month"=>"3", "year"=>"2020", "pdf_views"=>"3", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"7"}
- {"month"=>"4", "year"=>"2020", "pdf_views"=>"4", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"13"}
- {"month"=>"5", "year"=>"2020", "pdf_views"=>"14", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"8"}
- {"month"=>"6", "year"=>"2020", "pdf_views"=>"6", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"15"}
- {"month"=>"7", "year"=>"2020", "pdf_views"=>"5", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"7"}
- {"month"=>"8", "year"=>"2020", "pdf_views"=>"8", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"20"}
- {"month"=>"9", "year"=>"2020", "pdf_views"=>"14", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"11"}
- {"month"=>"10", "year"=>"2020", "pdf_views"=>"10", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"13"}
- {"month"=>"11", "year"=>"2020", "pdf_views"=>"1", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"4"}
- {"month"=>"12", "year"=>"2020", "pdf_views"=>"4", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"25"}
- {"month"=>"1", "year"=>"2021", "pdf_views"=>"5", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"14"}
- {"month"=>"2", "year"=>"2021", "pdf_views"=>"16", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"17"}
PMC Usage Stats | Further Information
- {"unique-ip"=>"14", "full-text"=>"9", "pdf"=>"5", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"60", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2014", "month"=>"2"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"8", "full-text"=>"11", "pdf"=>"4", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"2", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2014", "month"=>"3"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"18", "full-text"=>"21", "pdf"=>"4", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"9", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2014", "month"=>"5"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"9", "full-text"=>"13", "pdf"=>"2", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2014", "month"=>"6"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"9", "full-text"=>"8", "pdf"=>"3", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2014", "month"=>"4"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"9", "full-text"=>"16", "pdf"=>"1", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"2", "supp-data"=>"1", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2015", "month"=>"4"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"9", "full-text"=>"9", "pdf"=>"1", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2015", "month"=>"5"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"6", "full-text"=>"6", "pdf"=>"2", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2015", "month"=>"6"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"18", "full-text"=>"21", "pdf"=>"2", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2015", "month"=>"7"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"31", "full-text"=>"22", "pdf"=>"5", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"14", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2015", "month"=>"3"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"11", "full-text"=>"12", "pdf"=>"1", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2015", "month"=>"2"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"16", "full-text"=>"17", "pdf"=>"1", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2015", "month"=>"8"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"13", "full-text"=>"12", "pdf"=>"1", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"1", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2015", "month"=>"9"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"13", "full-text"=>"12", "pdf"=>"1", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2015", "month"=>"10"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"14", "full-text"=>"12", "pdf"=>"4", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"2", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2014", "month"=>"7"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"6", "full-text"=>"2", "pdf"=>"0", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"4", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2014", "month"=>"8"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"11", "full-text"=>"9", "pdf"=>"1", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"1", "supp-data"=>"2", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2014", "month"=>"9"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"15", "full-text"=>"27", "pdf"=>"4", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"2", "supp-data"=>"1", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2014", "month"=>"10"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"1", "full-text"=>"5", "pdf"=>"0", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"1", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2016", "month"=>"2"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"8", "full-text"=>"9", "pdf"=>"4", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"9", "supp-data"=>"1", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2014", "month"=>"11"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"4", "full-text"=>"2", "pdf"=>"0", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"2", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2014", "month"=>"12"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"13", "full-text"=>"8", "pdf"=>"5", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"2", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2015", "month"=>"1"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"17", "full-text"=>"14", "pdf"=>"6", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"1", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"2", "year"=>"2015", "month"=>"11"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"15", "full-text"=>"11", "pdf"=>"5", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2015", "month"=>"12"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"9", "full-text"=>"9", "pdf"=>"2", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2016", "month"=>"1"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"6", "full-text"=>"7", "pdf"=>"1", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2016", "month"=>"3"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"4", "full-text"=>"4", "pdf"=>"1", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2016", "month"=>"4"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"6", "full-text"=>"6", "pdf"=>"1", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2016", "month"=>"5"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"6", "full-text"=>"8", "pdf"=>"6", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"8", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2016", "month"=>"6"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"5", "full-text"=>"5", "pdf"=>"2", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2016", "month"=>"7"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"3", "full-text"=>"3", "pdf"=>"0", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2016", "month"=>"8"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"6", "full-text"=>"7", "pdf"=>"1", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"3", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2016", "month"=>"9"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"7", "full-text"=>"5", "pdf"=>"2", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"4", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2016", "month"=>"10"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"11", "full-text"=>"17", "pdf"=>"0", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2016", "month"=>"11"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"8", "full-text"=>"11", "pdf"=>"2", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2016", "month"=>"12"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"12", "full-text"=>"14", "pdf"=>"4", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"2", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2017", "month"=>"1"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"24", "full-text"=>"26", "pdf"=>"1", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2017", "month"=>"2"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"11", "full-text"=>"11", "pdf"=>"2", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2017", "month"=>"3"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"4", "full-text"=>"3", "pdf"=>"2", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2017", "month"=>"4"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"5", "full-text"=>"5", "pdf"=>"1", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2017", "month"=>"5"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"1", "full-text"=>"0", "pdf"=>"1", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2017", "month"=>"6"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"5", "full-text"=>"5", "pdf"=>"3", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2017", "month"=>"7"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"5", "full-text"=>"6", "pdf"=>"1", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2017", "month"=>"8"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"5", "full-text"=>"5", "pdf"=>"1", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2017", "month"=>"9"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"6", "full-text"=>"7", "pdf"=>"0", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"1", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2017", "month"=>"10"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"9", "full-text"=>"12", "pdf"=>"0", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2017", "month"=>"11"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"8", "full-text"=>"10", "pdf"=>"0", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2017", "month"=>"12"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"6", "full-text"=>"7", "pdf"=>"0", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2018", "month"=>"1"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"4", "full-text"=>"11", "pdf"=>"1", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2018", "month"=>"3"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"8", "full-text"=>"12", "pdf"=>"2", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2019", "month"=>"1"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"7", "full-text"=>"6", "pdf"=>"1", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2018", "month"=>"12"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"3", "full-text"=>"3", "pdf"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2018", "month"=>"9"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"6", "full-text"=>"6", "pdf"=>"2", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2018", "month"=>"4"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"8", "full-text"=>"9", "pdf"=>"3", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2018", "month"=>"5"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"5", "full-text"=>"6", "pdf"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2018", "month"=>"6"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"13", "full-text"=>"8", "pdf"=>"3", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"3", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2018", "month"=>"7"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"6", "full-text"=>"6", "pdf"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"5", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2018", "month"=>"8"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"11", "full-text"=>"9", "pdf"=>"3", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2018", "month"=>"10"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"14", "full-text"=>"14", "pdf"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"6", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2018", "month"=>"11"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"3", "full-text"=>"3", "pdf"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2019", "month"=>"2"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"8", "full-text"=>"10", "pdf"=>"2", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2019", "month"=>"3"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"7", "full-text"=>"7", "pdf"=>"2", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"5", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2019", "month"=>"4"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"5", "full-text"=>"6", "pdf"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2019", "month"=>"5"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"5", "full-text"=>"4", "pdf"=>"1", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2019", "month"=>"8"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"9", "full-text"=>"6", "pdf"=>"4", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2019", "month"=>"9"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"11", "full-text"=>"10", "pdf"=>"2", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2019", "month"=>"10"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"5", "full-text"=>"4", "pdf"=>"2", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2019", "month"=>"12"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"9", "full-text"=>"7", "pdf"=>"3", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2020", "month"=>"2"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"16", "full-text"=>"12", "pdf"=>"7", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"6", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2020", "month"=>"3"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"28", "full-text"=>"39", "pdf"=>"3", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2020", "month"=>"4"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"11", "full-text"=>"9", "pdf"=>"6", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2020", "month"=>"5"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"7", "full-text"=>"5", "pdf"=>"3", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2020", "month"=>"6"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"6", "full-text"=>"5", "pdf"=>"2", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2020", "month"=>"7"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"4", "full-text"=>"6", "pdf"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2020", "month"=>"8"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"8", "full-text"=>"5", "pdf"=>"3", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2020", "month"=>"9"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"8", "full-text"=>"6", "pdf"=>"2", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2020", "month"=>"10"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"8", "full-text"=>"8", "pdf"=>"1", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2020", "month"=>"11"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"11", "full-text"=>"9", "pdf"=>"4", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2020", "month"=>"12"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"10", "full-text"=>"10", "pdf"=>"2", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2021", "month"=>"1"}
Relative Metric
{"start_date"=>"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z", "end_date"=>"2014-12-31T00:00:00Z", "subject_areas"=>[{"subject_area"=>"/Biology and life sciences/Developmental biology", "average_usage"=>[285]}, {"subject_area"=>"/Biology and life sciences/Molecular biology", "average_usage"=>[292, 461]}, {"subject_area"=>"/Biology and life sciences/Neuroscience", "average_usage"=>[289]}, {"subject_area"=>"/Biology and life sciences/Species interactions", "average_usage"=>[357, 490]}, {"subject_area"=>"/Medicine and health sciences/Physiology", "average_usage"=>[278]}, {"subject_area"=>"/Social sciences/Psychology", "average_usage"=>[314, 476]}]}Loading … 

There are currently no alerts