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{"title"=>"The estrogen hypothesis of obesity", "type"=>"journal", "authors"=>[{"first_name"=>"James P.", "last_name"=>"Grantham", "scopus_author_id"=>"56020411700"}, {"first_name"=>"Maciej", "last_name"=>"Henneberg", "scopus_author_id"=>"7006985833"}], "year"=>2014, "source"=>"PLoS ONE", "identifiers"=>{"scopus"=>"2-s2.0-84902665730", "sgr"=>"84902665730", "issn"=>"19326203", "doi"=>"10.1371/journal.pone.0099776", "pmid"=>"24915457", "pui"=>"373346885"}, "id"=>"1e4a3f78-4f32-3394-9574-ed2418f16935", "abstract"=>"The explanation of obesity as a simple result of positive energy balance fails to account for the scope of variable responses to diets and lifestyles. It is postulated that individual physiological and anatomical variation may be responsible for developing obesity. Girls in poor families develop greater adiposity than their male siblings, a trend not present in richer environments. This indicates strong influence of estrogen on fat accumulation irrespective of poor socioeconomic conditions. Obesity rates in males and females of developed nations are similar, while in poorer nations obesity is much more prevalent in females. Female to male ratio of obesity correlates inversely with gross domestic product. Therefore, the parity of male and female obesity in developed countries may result from male exposure to environmental estrogen-like substances associated with affluence. These hormonally driven mechanisms may be equally active within both sexes in more developed areas, thereby increasing overall obesity.", "link"=>"http://www.mendeley.com/research/estrogen-hypothesis-obesity", "reader_count"=>32, "reader_count_by_academic_status"=>{"Unspecified"=>2, "Professor > Associate Professor"=>1, "Researcher"=>3, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>2, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>4, "Student > Postgraduate"=>1, "Student > Master"=>6, "Other"=>5, "Student > Bachelor"=>7, "Lecturer"=>1}, "reader_count_by_user_role"=>{"Unspecified"=>2, "Professor > Associate Professor"=>1, "Researcher"=>3, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>2, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>4, "Student > Postgraduate"=>1, "Student > Master"=>6, "Other"=>5, "Student > Bachelor"=>7, "Lecturer"=>1}, "reader_count_by_subject_area"=>{"Unspecified"=>2, "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>1, "Medicine and Dentistry"=>17, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>5, "Design"=>1, "Arts and Humanities"=>1, "Psychology"=>3, "Social Sciences"=>1, "Computer Science"=>1}, "reader_count_by_subdiscipline"=>{"Design"=>{"Design"=>1}, "Medicine and Dentistry"=>{"Medicine and Dentistry"=>17}, "Social Sciences"=>{"Social Sciences"=>1}, "Psychology"=>{"Psychology"=>3}, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>{"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>5}, "Computer Science"=>{"Computer Science"=>1}, "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>{"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>1}, "Unspecified"=>{"Unspecified"=>2}, "Arts and Humanities"=>{"Arts and Humanities"=>1}}, "reader_count_by_country"=>{"United States"=>1, "Poland"=>1, "Nigeria"=>1}, "group_count"=>0}

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• http://doi.org/10.25040/ecpb2018.02.049
• http://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15020244
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2017.11.034
• http://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23020287
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.04.034
• http://doi.org/10.1152/physiol.00013.2016
• http://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8951
• http://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.13768
• http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199594
• http://doi.org/10.1007/s40670-016-0245-8
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.08.009
• http://doi.org/10.13181/mji.v28i1.2447
• http://doi.org/10.1017/S2040174418000594
• http://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00136.2016
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.12.038

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Scopus | Further Information

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• {"referral"=>"http://www.adelaide.edu.au/news/news71122.html", "language"=>"English", "title"=>"Are female hormones playing a key role in obesity epidemic?", "type"=>"Blog", "publication"=>"", "published_on"=>"2014-06-17T00:00:00Z", "link_state"=>"REJECTED"}
• {"referral"=>"http://www.tekniikkatalous.fi/innovaatiot/tiede/naishormoni+lihottaa+lansimaisia+miehia/a994126", "language"=>"Estonian", "title"=>"Naishormoni lihottaa länsimaisia miehiä - Tekniikka&Talous", "type"=>"Blog", "publication"=>"", "published_on"=>"", "link_state"=>""}

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• {"url"=>"http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.plos.org%2Fplosone%2Farticle%3Fid%3D10.1371%252Fjournal.pone.0099776", "share_count"=>7, "like_count"=>2, "comment_count"=>2, "click_count"=>0, "total_count"=>11}

Journal Comments | Further Information

• {"type"=>"COMMENT", "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/annotation/c990971d-b84b-43ea-8817-5b8eada536b6", "title"=>"PVC industry comeback", "body"=>"I have received the following email message from the Vinyl Industry (Australia)\nThey dispute some of our statements. I am happy to discuss those\n\nFrom: <Sophi.MacMillan@vinyl.org.au>\nSubject: The Estrogen Hypothesis of Obesity\nDate: 17 June 2014 14:57:17 ACST\nTo: <maciej.henneberg@adelaide.edu.au>\nCc: <paul.bontinck@vinyl.org.au>\n\nDear Marciej \nI have just read your interesting article, The Estrogen Hypothesis of Obesity on http://www.plosone.org. \n\nAs the peak association for the PVC industry in Australia, the Vinyl Council has had a long interest in the environmental and health impacts of PVC products and in particular, has closely followed the debate and development of scientific knowledge around phthalates. I found your research therefore of great interest; however, we would like to raise with you what we believe is very misleading comments regarding PVC in the context of your research. \n\nYour paper states: \n\"Another well-established source of xenoestrogen is polyvinyl chloride, known as PVC [22]. This product is in prominent use in most wealthy countries with widespread applications, from plastic medical devices to irrigative piping [23]–[24].\" \n\nWe assume that your reference to xenoestrogens here is related to the possible use of phthalate plasticisers, which impart flexibility to the otherwise rigid polymer. Some - and we emphasise, some - phthalate compounds are suspected of being endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) but it is widely believed this effect is through mechanisms related to the male hormone, androgen, not the female hormone. The phthalates suspected of being EDCs are broadly considered to be those with transitional length carbon backbones of 4-6 carbon molecules. Other phthalate compounds commonly used as plasticisers with longer carbon-backbones and higher molecular weight are NOT considered to be endocrine disruptors. \n\nThe reference given in your paper [22] is for an on-line magazine article which makes incorrect statements about PVC, namely:\nIt claims incorrectly that PVC cling-wrap contains \"several types of xenoestrogens and other endocrine disruptors\" which is highly unlikely. While some PVC cling wrap for commercial use for non-fatty foods may contain phthalate plasticiser, the industry generally avoided such plasticisers for retail cling-wrap (not usually PVC anyway) or commercial films used for meat and diary products. We are not aware of any other additives in PVC films that are considered to be xenoestrogens or EDCs, thus this statement is a gross exaggeration.\nIt states \"PVC can leach out\" which is completely false and presumably a journalistic error.\nIn view of the above, the on-line magazine article is not a reliable source of information. \n\nYour paper then refers to the widespread applications of PVC, \"from plastic medical devices to irrigative piping\" and later in the article, it refers to \"vast piping networks, composed of PVC\". The article implies that PVC pipe could be a source of xenoestrogens in the water supplies and a potential exposure pathway for consumers. What is not made clear is that worldwide, more PVC is consumed in unplasticised PVC products, such as pipe and profiles which do not contain any known xenoestrogens and no phthalate plasticisers. The major plasticised (flexible) PVC applications include vinyl flooring, roofing membranes, cable insulation & sheathing, flexible sheet etc. Consumers may potentially be exposed to minute amounts of phthalates migrating from these products under very specific conditions but most manufacturers moved away from low molecular weight phthalate plasticisers some years ago. \n\nFlexible PVC packaging and medical products where more direct exposure to phthalates could occur, constitute a small proportion of total PVC consumed. \n\nThe suggestion that PVC pipe (or other rigid PVC products) could be exposing consumers to xenoestrogens should be removed. \n\nWe have a wealth of information on phthalates and a library of scientific studies related to their potential health and environmental effects. We would be happy to make information available to you and your colleagues. NICNAS has also been completing comprehensive risk assessments on many of the phthalates, focused on what they consider to be the most sensitive end consumer exposures - PVC toys and childcare articles and cosmetics. The finalised assessments of several of the transitional and one or two high molecular weight phthalates are available on their website. \n\nIn view of the above, we would like to see some corrections made to your paper concerning the implication of PVC products in your hypothesis. We would also welcome further discussion about this important area of research. \n\nWe look forward to your response. \nregards \n\nSophi MacMillan\nSophi MacMillan - Chief Executive | Vinyl Council of Australia | Phone: +61 3 9368 4856 | Mobile: +61 418 380 309 | \nE-mail: sophi.macmillan@vinyl.org.au\nAddress: 65 Leakes Road, Laverton North, Victoria 3026 Australia\n Advancing a sustainable PVC industry in Australia\nRead our latest news a www.vinyl.org.au", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2014-07-03T09:04:13Z", "lastModified"=>"2014-07-03T09:04:13Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"444855"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>false}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0099776", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSONE"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSONE", "eIssn"=>"1932-6203", "title"=>"PLOS ONE"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>0, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2014-07-03T09:04:13Z", "replies"=>[]}
• {"type"=>"COMMENT", "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/annotation/2a3badc5-56b4-4e76-b0d0-8fed0d95cfc5", "title"=>"Author's correction regarding PVC pipes", "body"=>"We understand that rigid PVC water pipes, the product used in most water piping throughout developed nations, are not plasticised and for this reason can not be sources of xenodestrogens. Therefore they are unlikely to have an effect on adiposity.", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2014-08-09T02:41:57Z", "lastModified"=>"2014-08-09T02:41:57Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"444855"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>false}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0099776", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSONE"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSONE", "eIssn"=>"1932-6203", "title"=>"PLOS ONE"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>0, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2014-08-09T02:41:57Z", "replies"=>[]}

Nature

Reddit | Further Information

• {"domain"=>"self.zmarter", "banned_by"=>nil, "media_embed"=>{}, "subreddit"=>"zmarter", "selftext_html"=>"&lt;!-- SC_OFF --&gt;&lt;div class=\"md\"&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=\"http://www.reddit.com/r/smarter/comments/1edxqe/lorna_vanderhaeghe_a_smart_womens_guide_to_weight/\"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;smarter link&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;\n&lt;/blockquote&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Lorna vanderhaeghe A smart women&amp;#39;s Guide to Weight Loss main post&lt;br/&gt;\n&lt;a href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?nomobile=1&amp;amp;v=c3-7XJdaTJA\"&gt;http://www.youtube.com/watch?nomobile=1&amp;amp;v=c3-7XJdaTJA&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Lorna vanderhaeghe A smart women&amp;#39;s Guide to Weight Loss part 2, and men have a look and not just for losing weight&lt;br/&gt;\n&lt;a href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EZNa_9amuek\"&gt;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EZNa_9amuek&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Artificial sweeteners -- promoted as aids to weight loss and diabetes prevention -- could actually hasten the development of glucose intolerance and metabolic disease, and they do so in a surprising way: by changing the composition and function of the gut microbiota.&lt;br/&gt;\n&lt;a href=\"http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/09/140917131634.htm\"&gt;http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/09/140917131634.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;The Estrogen Hypothesis of Obesity soy&lt;br/&gt;\n&lt;a href=\"http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0099776\"&gt;http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0099776&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Humans&amp;#39; instinctive appetite for protein is so powerful that we are driven to continue eating until we get the right amount of protein, even if it means consuming far more energy than we need.&lt;br/&gt;\n&lt;a href=\"http://www.sciencealert.com.au/news/20130711-24992.html\"&gt;http://www.sciencealert.com.au/news/20130711-24992.html&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Too much protein in middle age as bad as smoking (reverse in old age)&lt;br/&gt;\n&lt;a href=\"http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2014-03/cp-cpi022714.php\"&gt;http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2014-03/cp-cpi022714.php&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;The good results from lingonberries may be due to their polyphenol content.&lt;br/&gt;\n&lt;a href=\"http://www.lunduniversity.lu.se/o.o.i.s?id=24890&amp;amp;news_item=6124\"&gt;http://www.lunduniversity.lu.se/o.o.i.s?id=24890&amp;amp;news_item=6124&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;The mice that ate the high-fat diet and drank diluted grapefruit juice not only gained less weight than their control counterparts, they also had a 13 to 17 percent decrease in blood glucose levels and a threefold decrease in insulin levels, which reveals greater sensitivity to insulin Anorexia / bulimia :&lt;br/&gt;\n&lt;a href=\"http://newscenter.berkeley.edu/2014/10/08/grapefruit-juice-stems-weight-gain/\"&gt;http://newscenter.berkeley.edu/2014/10/08/grapefruit-juice-stems-weight-gain/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;The timing of meals predicts weight-loss effectiveness&lt;br/&gt;\n&lt;a href=\"http://scienceblog.com/59393/could-the-timing-of-when-you-eat-be-just-as-important-as-what-you-eat#gjYCyi4wCRxxtM4r.16\"&gt;http://scienceblog.com/59393/could-the-timing-of-when-you-eat-be-just-as-important-as-what-you-eat#gjYCyi4wCRxxtM4r.16&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Eating at the wrong time, negative effect.&lt;br/&gt;\n&lt;a href=\"http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/37269/title/Out-of-Sync/\"&gt;http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/37269/title/Out-of-Sync/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Skipping Meals Promotes Belly Fat Storage, Increases Risk For Insulin Resistance&lt;br/&gt;\n&lt;a href=\"http://www.medicaldaily.com/skipping-meals-promotes-belly-fat-storage-increases-risk-insulin-resistance-334384\"&gt;http://www.medicaldaily.com/skipping-meals-promotes-belly-fat-storage-increases-risk-insulin-resistance-334384&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Big breakfast&lt;br/&gt;\n&lt;a href=\"http://www.aftau.org/site/News2?page=NewsArticle&amp;amp;id=18956\"&gt;http://www.aftau.org/site/News2?page=NewsArticle&amp;amp;id=18956&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;An A-Z Woman&amp;#39;s Guide to Vibrant Health (free online book) by lorna vanderhaeghe&lt;br/&gt;\n&lt;a href=\"http://www.healthyimmunity.com/books/An-A-Z-Woman-s-Guide-to-Vibrant-Health/AZCONTENTS.asp\"&gt;http://www.healthyimmunity.com/books/An-A-Z-Woman-s-Guide-to-Vibrant-Health/AZCONTENTS.asp&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;FINE TUNING ...&amp;quot; Worrying about insulin or meal timing is fine-tuning that is irrelevant when the car is headed in the wrong direction,” she said. “If you want to reduce your body weight, you’ve got to stop eating so much, not hungry for an organic apple should mean not hungry at all. Eat less, move more.”&lt;br/&gt;\n&lt;a href=\"http://www.vancouversun.com/health/fasting+healthy+weight/7657383/story.html\"&gt;http://www.vancouversun.com/health/fasting+healthy+weight/7657383/story.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;These results suggest that apple non-digestible compounds might help to re-establish a disturbed microbiota balance in obesity.“The nondigestible compounds in the Granny Smith apples actually changed the proportions of fecal bacteria from obese mice to be similar to that of lean mice,” Noratto said.&lt;br/&gt;\n&lt;a href=\"https://news.wsu.edu/2014/09/29/an-apple-a-day-could-keep-obesity-away/#.VCqA_GeSz94\"&gt;https://news.wsu.edu/2014/09/29/an-apple-a-day-could-keep-obesity-away/#.VCqA_GeSz94&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br/&gt;\nP &lt;a href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24837942\"&gt;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24837942&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Imagined indulgence works and help us diet.&lt;br/&gt;\n&lt;a href=\"http://measureofdoubt.com/2011/06/08/why-imagined-indulgence-helps-diet/\"&gt;http://measureofdoubt.com/2011/06/08/why-imagined-indulgence-helps-diet/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;The ghrelin levels dropped about three times more when people were consuming the indulgent shake (or thought they were)&amp;quot;.&lt;br/&gt;\n&lt;a href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2014/04/14/299179468/mind-over-milkshake-how-your-thoughts-fool-your-stomach\"&gt;http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2014/04/14/299179468/mind-over-milkshake-how-your-thoughts-fool-your-stomach&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;The Hormone ghrelin ups the desire for high calorie foods&lt;br/&gt;\n&lt;a href=\"http://www.webmd.com/diet/news/20100622/hormone-ghrelin-ups-desire-for-high-calorie-foods\"&gt;http://www.webmd.com/diet/news/20100622/hormone-ghrelin-ups-desire-for-high-calorie-foods&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Cold burns fat cells&lt;br/&gt;\n&lt;a href=\"http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2013/07/fat-cells-feel-the-cold-burn-cal.html?ref=hp\"&gt;http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2013/07/fat-cells-feel-the-cold-burn-cal.html?ref=hp&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Smoking Cessation Induces Profound Changes in the Composition of the Intestinal Microbiota in Humans&lt;br/&gt;\n&lt;a href=\"http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0059260\"&gt;http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0059260&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;In general, people think that when they stop smoking, they are going to gain weight and their diabetes and insulin resistance are going to get worse, but we didn&amp;#39;t find that,&amp;quot;&lt;br/&gt;\n&lt;a href=\"http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2015-03/tes-qsh030515.php\"&gt;http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2015-03/tes-qsh030515.php&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;-gut bacteria ...may very well be affecting both our cravings and moods to get us to eat what they want, and often are driving us toward obesity.&lt;br/&gt;\n&lt;a href=\"http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/08/140815192240.htm\"&gt;http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/08/140815192240.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;The effects of plate rim widths and rim coloring on perceived food portion size&lt;br/&gt;\n&lt;a href=\"http://www.nature.com/ijo/journal/vaop/naam/abs/ijo2013169a.html\"&gt;http://www.nature.com/ijo/journal/vaop/naam/abs/ijo2013169a.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Obesity is an inflammatory disease.&lt;br/&gt;\n&lt;a href=\"http://www.sci-news.com/medicine/science-obesity-inflammatory-disease-01600.html\"&gt;http://www.sci-news.com/medicine/science-obesity-inflammatory-disease-01600.html&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;How good cholesterol reduce inflammation.&lt;br/&gt;\n&lt;a href=\"http://www3.uni-bonn.de/Press-releases/how-good-cholesterol-stops-inflammation\"&gt;http://www3.uni-bonn.de/Press-releases/how-good-cholesterol-stops-inflammation&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Study leader Associate Professor Amanda Page says this research could lead to further discoveries about how changes in people&amp;#39;s circadian clocks affect their eating habits.&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;h1&gt;&lt;a href=\"http://www.adelaide.edu.au/news/news67162.html\"&gt;http://www.adelaide.edu.au/news/news67162.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;But there is not sufficient evidence to know if making your room darker would make any difference to your weight.&lt;br/&gt;\n&lt;a href=\"http://www.bbc.com/news/health-27617615\"&gt;http://www.bbc.com/news/health-27617615&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;“Why when someone is in a bad mood will they choose to eat junk food and why when someone is in a good mood will they make healthier food choices? ..found that a lot depends on our perspective of time.&lt;br/&gt;\n&lt;a href=\"http://www.udel.edu/udaily/2014/feb/foods-moods-021214.html\"&gt;http://www.udel.edu/udaily/2014/feb/foods-moods-021214.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Weight discrimination increases risk for obesity.&lt;br/&gt;\n&lt;a href=\"http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0070048\"&gt;http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0070048&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;High fat diet and the brain. The modern prescription of high carbohydrate, low fat diets and eating snacks between meals has coincided with an increase in obesity, diabetes, and and increase in the incidence of many mental health disorders, including depression, anxiety, and eating disorders. In addition, many of these disorders are striking the population at younger ages.&lt;br/&gt;\n&lt;a href=\"http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/evolutionary-psychiatry/201104/your-brain-ketones\"&gt;http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/evolutionary-psychiatry/201104/your-brain-ketones&lt;/a&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Heavily processed foods loaded with fat and sugar activate and potentially alter the same reward regions in the brain that are hijacked by alcohol and drugs of abuse. Though the extent to which these foods can provoke addictive behavior remains controversial, the results may help explain why millions of people who diet and struggle to lose weight ultimately fail.&lt;br/&gt;\n&lt;a href=\"http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/12/13/in-food-cravings-sugar-trumps-fat/\"&gt;http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/12/13/in-food-cravings-sugar-trumps-fat/&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Want pizza, chocolate, French fries? Highly processed foods linked to addictive eating&lt;br/&gt;\n&lt;a href=\"http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/02/150220110126.htm?utm_source=feedburner&amp;amp;utm_medium=feed&amp;amp;utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29\"&gt;http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/02/150220110126.htm?utm_source=feedburner&amp;amp;utm_medium=feed&amp;amp;utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;To Break Bad Habits, You Must Create New Ones&lt;br/&gt;\n&lt;a href=\"http://bigthink.com/ideafeed/to-break-bad-habits-you-must-create-new-ones\"&gt;http://bigthink.com/ideafeed/to-break-bad-habits-you-must-create-new-ones&lt;/a&gt;? &lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Sugar and carbs, not physical inactivity, behind surge in obesity, say experts&lt;br/&gt;\n&lt;a href=\"http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2015-04/b-sac042015.php\"&gt;http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2015-04/b-sac042015.php&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Many foods are eaten too frequently, and in portions that are too large, said Tindall, who was not involved in the new research. To address the problem, people don&amp;#39;t have to swear off eating all pizza, but instead, they can eat smaller portions and healthier versions of it, she said.&lt;br/&gt;\n&lt;a href=\"http://www.livescience.com/49490-kids-pizza-consumption.html\"&gt;http://www.livescience.com/49490-kids-pizza-consumption.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Eating harder foods leads to a 13% reduction in caloric intake.&lt;br/&gt;\n&lt;a href=\"http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0093370\"&gt;http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0093370&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;How dietary fibre supresses appetite, The short-chain fatty acid acetate reduces appetite.&lt;br/&gt;\n&lt;a href=\"http://www3.imperial.ac.uk/newsandeventspggrp/imperialcollege/newssummary/news_30-4-2014-9-53-30\"&gt;http://www3.imperial.ac.uk/newsandeventspggrp/imperialcollege/newssummary/news_30-4-2014-9-53-30&lt;/a&gt;\nP &lt;a href=\"http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2014/140429/ncomms4611/full/ncomms4611.html\"&gt;http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2014/140429/ncomms4611/full/ncomms4611.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;The authors hypothesize that several features of the weight loss program were important, including behavior change education and high-fiber, low glycemic menu plans.&lt;br/&gt;\n&lt;a href=\"http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2014-09/tuhs-tyb082714.php\"&gt;http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2014-09/tuhs-tyb082714.php&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;In the end, if you want to improve your self-control when it comes to snacking, structuring your environment to avoid temptations is crucial; but beyond this, the key is to keep your brain in shape, so that you are up to the task when you encounter temptations,&amp;quot; Hall said. &amp;quot;Let&amp;#39;s face it, they are everywhere.&amp;quot;&lt;br/&gt;\n&lt;a href=\"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/news/fullstory_148581.html\"&gt;www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/news/fullstory_148581.html&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Restricting carbohydrate may be an option for persons seeking to lose weight and reduce cardiovascular risk factors.&lt;br/&gt;\n&lt;a href=\"http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=1900694\"&gt;http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=1900694&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;A surprising new strategy for managing your weight? Bright morning light.&lt;br/&gt;\n&lt;a href=\"http://www.northwestern.edu/newscenter/stories/2014/04/morning-rays-keep-off-the-pounds.html\"&gt;http://www.northwestern.edu/newscenter/stories/2014/04/morning-rays-keep-off-the-pounds.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Sleeping In A Cool Bedroom Increases A Person&amp;#39;s Stores of Brown Fat, Which Improves Metabolic Health and Insulin Sensitivity&lt;br/&gt;\n&lt;a href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24954193\"&gt;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24954193&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Excess Dietary Omega-6 Fatty Acids May Block &amp;quot;Browning&amp;quot; of White Adipocytes&lt;br/&gt;\n&lt;a href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4264041/\"&gt;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4264041/&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Gut Bacteria Found To Be Causal Factor In Weight Gain&lt;br/&gt;\n&lt;a href=\"http://www.neomatica.com/2014/10/19/gut-bacteria-found-causal-factor-weight-gain/\"&gt;http://www.neomatica.com/2014/10/19/gut-bacteria-found-causal-factor-weight-gain/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;A study of teenagers&amp;#39; purchasing habits found they bought fewer sugary drinks and more water when the signs were up.The most effective sign said it took five miles to walk off the 250 calories in a sugary drink.&lt;br/&gt;\n&lt;a href=\"http://www.bbc.com/news/health-29645062\"&gt;http://www.bbc.com/news/health-29645062&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Masterson said the study has helped him pay better attention to how food makes him feel both in the morning and the evening.&lt;br/&gt;\n&lt;a href=\"http://www.sciencealert.com/science-has-found-out-why-late-night-snacks-are-so-addictive\"&gt;http://www.sciencealert.com/science-has-found-out-why-late-night-snacks-are-so-addictive&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Exhaled Pounds: How Fat Leaves&lt;br/&gt;\n&lt;a href=\"http://www.livescience.com/49157-how-fat-is-lost-body.html\"&gt;http://www.livescience.com/49157-how-fat-is-lost-body.html&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;\n&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!-- SC_ON --&gt;", "selftext"=>"&gt;[***smarter link***](http://www.reddit.com/r/smarter/comments/1edxqe/lorna_vanderhaeghe_a_smart_womens_guide_to_weight/)\n\nLorna vanderhaeghe A smart women's Guide to Weight Loss main post \nhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?nomobile=1&amp;v=c3-7XJdaTJA\n\n\nLorna vanderhaeghe A smart women's Guide to Weight Loss part 2, and men have a look and not just for losing weight \nhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EZNa_9amuek\n\nArtificial sweeteners -- promoted as aids to weight loss and diabetes prevention -- could actually hasten the development of glucose intolerance and metabolic disease, and they do so in a surprising way: by changing the composition and function of the gut microbiota. \nhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/09/140917131634.htm\n\nThe Estrogen Hypothesis of Obesity soy \nhttp://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0099776 \n\nHumans' instinctive appetite for protein is so powerful that we are driven to continue eating until we get the right amount of protein, even if it means consuming far more energy than we need. \nhttp://www.sciencealert.com.au/news/20130711-24992.html \n\nToo much protein in middle age as bad as smoking (reverse in old age) \nhttp://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2014-03/cp-cpi022714.php\n\nThe good results from lingonberries may be due to their polyphenol content. \nhttp://www.lunduniversity.lu.se/o.o.i.s?id=24890&amp;news_item=6124 \n\nThe mice that ate the high-fat diet and drank diluted grapefruit juice not only gained less weight than their control counterparts, they also had a 13 to 17 percent decrease in blood glucose levels and a threefold decrease in insulin levels, which reveals greater sensitivity to insulin Anorexia / bulimia : \nhttp://newscenter.berkeley.edu/2014/10/08/grapefruit-juice-stems-weight-gain/\n\n\nThe timing of meals predicts weight-loss effectiveness \nhttp://scienceblog.com/59393/could-the-timing-of-when-you-eat-be-just-as-important-as-what-you-eat#gjYCyi4wCRxxtM4r.16\n\nEating at the wrong time, negative effect. \nhttp://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/37269/title/Out-of-Sync/\n \nSkipping Meals Promotes Belly Fat Storage, Increases Risk For Insulin Resistance \nhttp://www.medicaldaily.com/skipping-meals-promotes-belly-fat-storage-increases-risk-insulin-resistance-334384\n\n\nBig breakfast \nhttp://www.aftau.org/site/News2?page=NewsArticle&amp;id=18956\n\nAn A-Z Woman's Guide to Vibrant Health (free online book) by lorna vanderhaeghe \nhttp://www.healthyimmunity.com/books/An-A-Z-Woman-s-Guide-to-Vibrant-Health/AZCONTENTS.asp\n\nFINE TUNING ...\" Worrying about insulin or meal timing is fine-tuning that is irrelevant when the car is headed in the wrong direction,” she said. “If you want to reduce your body weight, you’ve got to stop eating so much, not hungry for an organic apple should mean not hungry at all. Eat less, move more.” \nhttp://www.vancouversun.com/health/fasting+healthy+weight/7657383/story.html\n\nThese results suggest that apple non-digestible compounds might help to re-establish a disturbed microbiota balance in obesity.“The nondigestible compounds in the Granny Smith apples actually changed the proportions of fecal bacteria from obese mice to be similar to that of lean mice,” Noratto said. \nhttps://news.wsu.edu/2014/09/29/an-apple-a-day-could-keep-obesity-away/#.VCqA_GeSz94 \nP http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24837942 \n\nImagined indulgence works and help us diet. \nhttp://measureofdoubt.com/2011/06/08/why-imagined-indulgence-helps-diet/\n\n\"The ghrelin levels dropped about three times more when people were consuming the indulgent shake (or thought they were)\". \nhttp://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2014/04/14/299179468/mind-over-milkshake-how-your-thoughts-fool-your-stomach\n\nThe Hormone ghrelin ups the desire for high calorie foods \nhttp://www.webmd.com/diet/news/20100622/hormone-ghrelin-ups-desire-for-high-calorie-foods\n\nCold burns fat cells \nhttp://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2013/07/fat-cells-feel-the-cold-burn-cal.html?ref=hp\n\n\nSmoking Cessation Induces Profound Changes in the Composition of the Intestinal Microbiota in Humans \nhttp://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0059260\n\n\"In general, people think that when they stop smoking, they are going to gain weight and their diabetes and insulin resistance are going to get worse, but we didn't find that,\" \nhttp://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2015-03/tes-qsh030515.php \n\n\n-gut bacteria ...may very well be affecting both our cravings and moods to get us to eat what they want, and often are driving us toward obesity. \nhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/08/140815192240.htm\n\nThe effects of plate rim widths and rim coloring on perceived food portion size \nhttp://www.nature.com/ijo/journal/vaop/naam/abs/ijo2013169a.html\n\nObesity is an inflammatory disease. \nhttp://www.sci-news.com/medicine/science-obesity-inflammatory-disease-01600.html \n\nHow good cholesterol reduce inflammation. \nhttp://www3.uni-bonn.de/Press-releases/how-good-cholesterol-stops-inflammation \n\nStudy leader Associate Professor Amanda Page says this research could lead to further discoveries about how changes in people's circadian clocks affect their eating habits.\n#http://www.adelaide.edu.au/news/news67162.html \n\n\"But there is not sufficient evidence to know if making your room darker would make any difference to your weight. \nhttp://www.bbc.com/news/health-27617615\n\n“Why when someone is in a bad mood will they choose to eat junk food and why when someone is in a good mood will they make healthier food choices? ..found that a lot depends on our perspective of time. \nhttp://www.udel.edu/udaily/2014/feb/foods-moods-021214.html\n\n\n Weight discrimination increases risk for obesity. \nhttp://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0070048 \n\nHigh fat diet and the brain. The modern prescription of high carbohydrate, low fat diets and eating snacks between meals has coincided with an increase in obesity, diabetes, and and increase in the incidence of many mental health disorders, including depression, anxiety, and eating disorders. In addition, many of these disorders are striking the population at younger ages. \nhttp://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/evolutionary-psychiatry/201104/your-brain-ketones .\n\n Heavily processed foods loaded with fat and sugar activate and potentially alter the same reward regions in the brain that are hijacked by alcohol and drugs of abuse. Though the extent to which these foods can provoke addictive behavior remains controversial, the results may help explain why millions of people who diet and struggle to lose weight ultimately fail. \nhttp://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/12/13/in-food-cravings-sugar-trumps-fat/ \n\nWant pizza, chocolate, French fries? Highly processed foods linked to addictive eating \nhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/02/150220110126.htm?utm_source=feedburner&amp;utm_medium=feed&amp;utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29 \n\nTo Break Bad Habits, You Must Create New Ones \nhttp://bigthink.com/ideafeed/to-break-bad-habits-you-must-create-new-ones? \n\nSugar and carbs, not physical inactivity, behind surge in obesity, say experts \nhttp://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2015-04/b-sac042015.php \n\n\nMany foods are eaten too frequently, and in portions that are too large, said Tindall, who was not involved in the new research. To address the problem, people don't have to swear off eating all pizza, but instead, they can eat smaller portions and healthier versions of it, she said. \nhttp://www.livescience.com/49490-kids-pizza-consumption.html\n\n\nEating harder foods leads to a 13% reduction in caloric intake. \nhttp://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0093370\n\nHow dietary fibre supresses appetite, The short-chain fatty acid acetate reduces appetite. \nhttp://www3.imperial.ac.uk/newsandeventspggrp/imperialcollege/newssummary/news_30-4-2014-9-53-30\nP http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2014/140429/ncomms4611/full/ncomms4611.html\n \nThe authors hypothesize that several features of the weight loss program were important, including behavior change education and high-fiber, low glycemic menu plans. \nhttp://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2014-09/tuhs-tyb082714.php\n\n\"In the end, if you want to improve your self-control when it comes to snacking, structuring your environment to avoid temptations is crucial; but beyond this, the key is to keep your brain in shape, so that you are up to the task when you encounter temptations,\" Hall said. \"Let's face it, they are everywhere.\" \nwww.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/news/fullstory_148581.html \n\nRestricting carbohydrate may be an option for persons seeking to lose weight and reduce cardiovascular risk factors. \nhttp://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=1900694\n\nA surprising new strategy for managing your weight? Bright morning light. \nhttp://www.northwestern.edu/newscenter/stories/2014/04/morning-rays-keep-off-the-pounds.html\n\nSleeping In A Cool Bedroom Increases A Person's Stores of Brown Fat, Which Improves Metabolic Health and Insulin Sensitivity \nhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24954193\n\nExcess Dietary Omega-6 Fatty Acids May Block \"Browning\" of White Adipocytes \nhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4264041/ \n\n\nGut Bacteria Found To Be Causal Factor In Weight Gain \nhttp://www.neomatica.com/2014/10/19/gut-bacteria-found-causal-factor-weight-gain/\n\nA study of teenagers' purchasing habits found they bought fewer sugary drinks and more water when the signs were up.The most effective sign said it took five miles to walk off the 250 calories in a sugary drink. \nhttp://www.bbc.com/news/health-29645062\n\nMasterson said the study has helped him pay better attention to how food makes him feel both in the morning and the evening. \nhttp://www.sciencealert.com/science-has-found-out-why-late-night-snacks-are-so-addictive\n\nExhaled Pounds: How Fat Leaves \nhttp://www.livescience.com/49157-how-fat-is-lost-body.html \n", "likes"=>nil, "suggested_sort"=>nil, "user_reports"=>[], "secure_media"=>nil, "link_flair_text"=>nil, "id"=>"1lu24x", "from_kind"=>nil, "gilded"=>0, "archived"=>true, "clicked"=>false, "report_reasons"=>nil, "author"=>"Gallionella", "media"=>nil, "score"=>1, "approved_by"=>nil, "over_18"=>false, "hidden"=>false, "preview"=>{"images"=>[{"source"=>{"url"=>"https://i.redditmedia.com/RRNnczdpZ3RFgHHvxdIX1DYGqHVCg2pdVAhsXYjH0Us.jpg?s=11032d9409d287d3a7d2ac61d16c86d9", "width"=>480, "height"=>360}, "resolutions"=>[{"url"=>"https://i.redditmedia.com/RRNnczdpZ3RFgHHvxdIX1DYGqHVCg2pdVAhsXYjH0Us.jpg?fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Centropy&amp;arh=2&amp;w=108&amp;s=e8f6c9d384ba874d55b3a4aac5ec00b5", "width"=>108, "height"=>81}, {"url"=>"https://i.redditmedia.com/RRNnczdpZ3RFgHHvxdIX1DYGqHVCg2pdVAhsXYjH0Us.jpg?fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Centropy&amp;arh=2&amp;w=216&amp;s=7a260a3e11584d6b30aa8e3d106ceb61", "width"=>216, "height"=>162}, {"url"=>"https://i.redditmedia.com/RRNnczdpZ3RFgHHvxdIX1DYGqHVCg2pdVAhsXYjH0Us.jpg?fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Centropy&amp;arh=2&amp;w=320&amp;s=affb59c09c6d9ab71c80a87f9807aca1", "width"=>320, "height"=>240}], "variants"=>{}, "id"=>"BShCFP4aTI6WS2PRlFc8yAC12vreZPXF9KjCauS1rCE"}]}, "num_comments"=>0, "thumbnail"=>"self", "subreddit_id"=>"t5_2wp4y", "hide_score"=>false, "edited"=>1444976645.0, "link_flair_css_class"=>nil, "author_flair_css_class"=>nil, "downs"=>0, "secure_media_embed"=>{}, "saved"=>false, "removal_reason"=>nil, "post_hint"=>"self", "stickied"=>false, "from"=>nil, "is_self"=>true, "from_id"=>nil, "permalink"=>"/r/zmarter/comments/1lu24x/lorna_vanderhaeghe_a_smart_womens_guide_to_weight/?ref=search_posts", "locked"=>false, "name"=>"t3_1lu24x", "created"=>1378470680.0, "url"=>"https://www.reddit.com:80/r/zmarter/comments/1lu24x/lorna_vanderhaeghe_a_smart_womens_guide_to_weight/", "author_flair_text"=>nil, "quarantine"=>false, "title"=>"Lorna vanderhaeghe A smart women's Guide to Weight Loss", "created_utc"=>1378441880.0, "distinguished"=>nil, "mod_reports"=>[], "visited"=>false, "num_reports"=>nil, "ups"=>1}

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• {"id"=>"476580339779772416", "text"=>"肥満=エストロゲン仮説。先進国で男性の肥満が女性と同じくらいの割合なのは，環境中のエストロゲン様物質のせいか。 http://t.co/ucchw4Z7bd", "created_at"=>"2014-06-11T04:23:02Z", "user"=>"cardio8_1", "user_name"=>"循環器トライアルデータベース", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/464615507014852608/-rhH5FDc_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"477930608614969344", "text"=>"The Estrogen Hypothesis of Obesity http://t.co/ZPy0VqT7CS", "created_at"=>"2014-06-14T21:48:31Z", "user"=>"CON_Laurentian", "user_name"=>"CON@LU", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/3367012875/da427af3463dc6fa616ee3a37eee8e34_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"477930990585651200", "text"=>"The Estrogen Hypothesis of Obesity: http://t.co/mOVAS7ZbNT Comments: https://t.co/ReNDdCKiI9", "created_at"=>"2014-06-14T21:50:02Z", "user"=>"HNTweets", "user_name"=>"Hacker News", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/3025237318/1d08a308d4c8581ab30cd9a3755e13b2_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"477936292664463360", "text"=>"[HN] The Estrogen Hypothesis of Obesity: http://t.co/pntZhEFUAY", "created_at"=>"2014-06-14T22:11:06Z", "user"=>"gitdiff", "user_name"=>"Gitdiff", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/421394651665272834/u7wf8dmQ_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"477938273487450113", "text"=>"http://t.co/X9i1RUwLDm xenoestrogen linked to male obesity", "created_at"=>"2014-06-14T22:18:58Z", "user"=>"plarroy", "user_name"=>"Pedro Larroy", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1757411773/piotr_hope128_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"477944076239523841", "text"=>"The Estrogen Hypothesis of Obesity... http://t.co/9v82VgHeaK", "created_at"=>"2014-06-14T22:42:02Z", "user"=>"hackernewsbot", "user_name"=>"Hacker News Bot", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/73596050/yc500_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"477949537462398978", "text"=>"RT @hackernewsbot: The Estrogen Hypothesis of Obesity... http://t.co/9v82VgHeaK", "created_at"=>"2014-06-14T23:03:44Z", "user"=>"cklemke", "user_name"=>"Christine Lemke", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/68749903/n10735185_40749765_7911_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"477949800852500481", "text"=>"The Estrogen Hypothesis of Obesity http://t.co/gJKin65Qm1", "created_at"=>"2014-06-14T23:04:47Z", "user"=>"newsycombinator", "user_name"=>"Hacker News", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/469397708986269696/iUrYEOpJ_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"477955899487576064", "text"=>"Interesting read - are xenoestrogens from environmental toxins causing obesity? The Estrogen Hypothesis of Obesity http://t.co/cWWU2UGowQ", "created_at"=>"2014-06-14T23:29:01Z", "user"=>"pogue25", "user_name"=>"pogue", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/3470265210/e0507d0451f8b88cde3c8be838b8522d_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"477956330284908544", "text"=>"RT @newsycombinator: The Estrogen Hypothesis of Obesity http://t.co/gJKin65Qm1", "created_at"=>"2014-06-14T23:30:43Z", "user"=>"pvblivs", "user_name"=>"Stefan Schubert", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/196680040/Weimar_131_normal.JPG"}
• {"id"=>"478118651229638656", "text"=>"oh for fuck sake http://t.co/7DNuHrD7w4", "created_at"=>"2014-06-15T10:15:44Z", "user"=>"WBreadenMadden", "user_name"=>"Will Breaden Madden", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1433831486/10b90_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"478535632277737472", "text"=>"øget påvirkning af kvindelige hormoner knyttes til øget fedme blandt mænd: http://t.co/eNoTtyBoTT", "created_at"=>"2014-06-16T13:52:40Z", "user"=>"kimschulz", "user_name"=>"Kim Schulz", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1277153183/mugshot5_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"478548488876093440", "text"=>"#PLOSONE: The Estrogen Hypothesis of Obesity http://t.co/QwvPQMQJNf", "created_at"=>"2014-06-16T14:43:45Z", "user"=>"AngelNadal1", "user_name"=>"Angel Nadal", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/2785460092/7e665ef7e2be590ea13ccc45c6f70404_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"478618946019815425", "text"=>"The Estrogen Hypothesis of Obesity http://t.co/h1zYl02YPH stressing 'hypothesis'...", "created_at"=>"2014-06-16T19:23:43Z", "user"=>"PaulWhiteleyPhD", "user_name"=>"Paul Whiteley", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/378800000344449848/35f9d576889f4cf18b0bcf1f367afa4f_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"478698000106004480", "text"=>"先進国では肥満率に男女差はないけど、発展途上国では女性の方が肥満になりやすい。肥満率の女性/男性の比率がGDPと負の相関。The Estrogen Hypothesis of Obesity　http://t.co/XfMbcLDw2X", "created_at"=>"2014-06-17T00:37:51Z", "user"=>"uranus_2", "user_name"=>"マーキュリー２世", "user_profile_image"=>"http://abs.twimg.com/sticky/default_profile_images/default_profile_5_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"478704326295048192", "text"=>"Obesity &amp; xenoestrogen ingestion? Eh, ok. At least it's not another single-gene obesity mapping venture.#silverlining http://t.co/xzNJMrgWUb", "created_at"=>"2014-06-17T01:02:59Z", "user"=>"_kwataha", "user_name"=>"Katie Wataha", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/466681108818837504/ROYmbeVN_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"478888778367377409", "text"=>"#PLOSONE: The Estrogen Hypothesis of Obesity http://t.co/EvR6WFPpb2", "created_at"=>"2014-06-17T13:15:56Z", "user"=>"Farmageneral", "user_name"=>"Farmacología General", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/2697658600/257612c3c0d449e4823a4ddf4ec7b98a_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"479197180486762496", "text"=>"Xeno-Oestrogens. One reason why we are getting fatter?\n\" ..Feminisation of men by .. environmental contaminants \" http://t.co/6LA4Ap87Rf", "created_at"=>"2014-06-18T09:41:25Z", "user"=>"SportieDoc", "user_name"=>"Dr Tamsin Lewis", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/458975806715199488/fVZWt-Tb_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"479268038081257473", "text"=>"RT @SportieDoc: Xeno-Oestrogens. One reason why we are getting fatter?\n\" ..Feminisation of men by .. environmental contaminants \" http://t.…", "created_at"=>"2014-06-18T14:22:59Z", "user"=>"lipiddoc", "user_name"=>"Dr. James Underberg", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/2204223638/JAUCasualCompressed_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"479705799782973440", "text"=>"#PLOSONE: The Estrogen Hypothesis of Obesity http://t.co/N1glNjZHSJ", "created_at"=>"2014-06-19T19:22:29Z", "user"=>"mikemahler", "user_name"=>"Mike Mahler ", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1383141324/Book_cover__normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"479719976988053504", "text"=>"RT @mikemahler: #PLOSONE: The Estrogen Hypothesis of Obesity http://t.co/N1glNjZHSJ", "created_at"=>"2014-06-19T20:18:49Z", "user"=>"agelessfitness", "user_name"=>"Ageless Fitness", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/3528145725/0114cc3407c71c5c37dd144f9d43cdcc_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"482135558651535361", "text"=>"#PLOSONE: The Estrogen Hypothesis of Obesity http://t.co/D3z398VpFQ", "created_at"=>"2014-06-26T12:17:29Z", "user"=>"TaKonyX", "user_name"=>"Takayoshi KASE", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/445539968882966529/VgyobZR4_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"482259693717688320", "text"=>"The Estrogen Hypothesis of Obesity--fascinating review article in June 2014 PLOS #OpenAccess http://t.co/fcl73Vylz0 @PLOS", "created_at"=>"2014-06-26T20:30:45Z", "user"=>"Etribole", "user_name"=>"Evelyn Tribole MS RD", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/2311880724/15le3ybnlujm966omwl5_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"494562346899996672", "text"=>"hablando de tu TST y tus andrógenos como andan @virginut http://t.co/6euQDotIuQ jajaja", "created_at"=>"2014-07-30T19:17:06Z", "user"=>"AlanPeM", "user_name"=>"alan pedraza", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/466350789246873600/sWGTCu2k_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"494568189653573633", "text"=>"lo siento mujeres, estrógenos (\"hipótesis\") haciendo de las suyas... http://t.co/6euQDotIuQ", "created_at"=>"2014-07-30T19:40:19Z", "user"=>"AlanPeM", "user_name"=>"alan pedraza", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/466350789246873600/sWGTCu2k_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"503472623855353856", "text"=>"The Estrogen Hypothesis of Obesity James P. Grantham, Maciej Henneberg\nhttp://t.co/n23GoBUiPb", "created_at"=>"2014-08-24T09:23:22Z", "user"=>"AGomez72803809", "user_name"=>"A, Gomez", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/424229817597181952/PcgNpdn0_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"503476633471557632", "text"=>"La hipótesis del estrógeno en la obesidad James P. Grantham, Maciej Henneberg http://t.co/n23GoBUiPb", "created_at"=>"2014-08-24T09:39:18Z", "user"=>"AGomez72803809", "user_name"=>"A, Gomez", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/424229817597181952/PcgNpdn0_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"520854684483854336", "text"=>"The Estrogen Hypothesis of Obesity http://t.co/PAuPJCK1tL", "created_at"=>"2014-10-11T08:33:28Z", "user"=>"AnnikkiAro", "user_name"=>"Annikki Aro", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/493818454143545346/nfHRauLr_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"527319498253422592", "text"=>"The estrogen hypothesis of obesity. http://t.co/fMYKGgPhdK #obesity #soy #protein", "created_at"=>"2014-10-29T04:42:20Z", "user"=>"Takshita10", "user_name"=>"Takshita Sookan", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/378800000550930769/8db43bab172383274278753218b22ee1_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"528281321018114049", "text"=>"PLOS ONE: The Estrogen Hypothesis of Obesity http://t.co/YtiMARV5A5", "created_at"=>"2014-10-31T20:24:16Z", "user"=>"CARILIB", "user_name"=>"Faith Johnson", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/522424682557874177/grYgaQmk_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"857422340854075393", "text"=>"https://t.co/Exs1q8OQmu https://t.co/iGXfv6cbvy", "created_at"=>"2017-04-27T02:33:10Z", "user"=>"LokiJulianus", "user_name"=>"Loki ??????", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/833764560091897868/jUi_t1nf_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"857478250351779841", "text"=>"RT @LokiJulianus: https://t.co/Exs1q8OQmu https://t.co/iGXfv6cbvy", "created_at"=>"2017-04-27T06:15:20Z", "user"=>"majak1151", "user_name"=>"Sleep", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/842490713480871936/TLmdw2zX_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"857540075416158208", "text"=>"RT @LokiJulianus: https://t.co/Exs1q8OQmu https://t.co/iGXfv6cbvy", "created_at"=>"2017-04-27T10:21:00Z", "user"=>"PaleoDeadIift", "user_name"=>"Hoyt Thorpe", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/757753161775915008/XUHStGlK_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"857547506527371268", "text"=>"RT @LokiJulianus: https://t.co/Exs1q8OQmu https://t.co/iGXfv6cbvy", "created_at"=>"2017-04-27T10:50:32Z", "user"=>"quadoctaroon", "user_name"=>"e-Brinksmanship ??", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/844958553542721537/7_yLBc6D_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"857553808397881344", "text"=>"RT @LokiJulianus: https://t.co/Exs1q8OQmu https://t.co/iGXfv6cbvy", "created_at"=>"2017-04-27T11:15:35Z", "user"=>"___jsf", "user_name"=>"sorry", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/817932194685612032/7i-jsOBe_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"857671845130248192", "text"=>"RT @LokiJulianus: https://t.co/Exs1q8OQmu https://t.co/iGXfv6cbvy", "created_at"=>"2017-04-27T19:04:37Z", "user"=>"mr_skeltal_man", "user_name"=>"VerfaulteKnochen ?", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/841018453553270784/3INtATY5_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"889851293245820928", "text"=>"@Raider_JK https://t.co/tnNj0yn12d\n\nhttps://t.co/4qMvWpZ7FS\n\nhttps://t.co/7JDU2qbh8j\n\nExcess estrogenic activity is… https://t.co/yhDLNjkCRf", "created_at"=>"2017-07-25T14:14:15Z", "user"=>"BiotechBrainBug", "user_name"=>"Biotech Brain Bug", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/844920684413374464/6l0fF-JF_normal.jpg"}

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Relative Metric

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F1000Prime