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{"title"=>"Coffee consumption, newly diagnosed diabetes, and other alterations in glucose homeostasis: A cross-sectional analysis of the Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil)", "type"=>"journal", "authors"=>[{"first_name"=>"James", "last_name"=>"Yarmolinsky", "scopus_author_id"=>"35294589400"}, {"first_name"=>"Noel T.", "last_name"=>"Mueller", "scopus_author_id"=>"54400186800"}, {"first_name"=>"Bruce B.", "last_name"=>"Duncan", "scopus_author_id"=>"35476478500"}, {"first_name"=>"Maria", "last_name"=>"Del Carmen Bisi Molina", "scopus_author_id"=>"8160805900"}, {"first_name"=>"Alessandra C.", "last_name"=>"Goulart", "scopus_author_id"=>"57201181348"}, {"first_name"=>"Maria Inês", "last_name"=>"Schmidt", "scopus_author_id"=>"7404398885"}], "year"=>2015, "source"=>"PLoS ONE", "identifiers"=>{"pmid"=>"25978631", "doi"=>"10.1371/journal.pone.0126469", "sgr"=>"84929359082", "scopus"=>"2-s2.0-84929359082", "issn"=>"19326203", "pui"=>"604392703"}, "id"=>"8444b55f-4dfb-3793-8e55-8b4df4db9eac", "abstract"=>"INTRODUCTION: Observational studies have reported fairly consistent inverse associations between coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes, but this association has been little investigated with regard to lesser degrees of hyperglycemia and other alterations in glucose homeostasis. Additionally, the association between coffee consumption and diabetes has been rarely investigated in South American populations. We examined the cross-sectional relationships of coffee intake with newly diagnosed diabetes and measures of glucose homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, and insulin secretion, in a large Brazilian cohort of middle-aged and elderly individuals.\\n\\nMETHODS: We used baseline data from 12,586 participants of the Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). Logistic regression analyses were performed to examine associations between coffee consumption and newly diagnosed diabetes. Analysis of covariance was used to assess coffee intake in relation to two-hour glucose from an oral glucose tolerance test, fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin, fasting and -2-hour postload insulin and measures of insulin sensitivity.\\n\\nRESULTS: We found an inverse association between coffee consumption and newly diagnosed diabetes, after adjusting for multiple covariates [23% and 26% lower odds of diabetes for those consuming coffee 2-3 and >3 times per day, respectively, compared to those reporting never or almost never consuming coffee, (p = .02)]. An inverse association was also found for 2-hour postload glucose [Never/almost never: 7.57 mmol/L, ≤1 time/day: 7.48 mmol/L, 2-3 times/day: 7.22 mmol/L, >3 times/day: 7.12 mol/L, p<0.0001] but not with fasting glucose concentrations (p = 0.07). Coffee was additionally associated with 2-hour postload insulin [Never/almost never: 287.2 pmol/L, ≤1 time/day: 280.1 pmol/L, 2-3 times/day: 275.3 pmol/L, >3 times/day: 262.2 pmol/L, p = 0.0005) but not with fasting insulin concentrations (p = .58).\\n\\nCONCLUSION: Our present study provides further evidence of a protective effect of coffee on risk of adult-onset diabetes. This effect appears to act primarily, if not exclusively, through postprandial, as opposed to fasting, glucose homeostasis.", "link"=>"http://www.mendeley.com/research/coffee-consumption-newly-diagnosed-diabetes-other-alterations-glucose-homeostasis-crosssectional-ana-8", "reader_count"=>22, "reader_count_by_academic_status"=>{"Unspecified"=>1, "Professor > Associate Professor"=>1, "Librarian"=>4, "Researcher"=>2, "Student > Postgraduate"=>3, "Student > Master"=>4, "Other"=>1, "Student > Bachelor"=>6}, "reader_count_by_user_role"=>{"Unspecified"=>1, "Professor > Associate Professor"=>1, "Librarian"=>4, "Researcher"=>2, "Student > Postgraduate"=>3, "Student > Master"=>4, "Other"=>1, "Student > Bachelor"=>6}, "reader_count_by_subject_area"=>{"Unspecified"=>2, "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>1, "Nursing and Health Professions"=>1, "Medicine and Dentistry"=>8, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>4, "Business, Management and Accounting"=>2, "Social Sciences"=>4}, "reader_count_by_subdiscipline"=>{"Medicine and Dentistry"=>{"Medicine and Dentistry"=>8}, "Social Sciences"=>{"Social Sciences"=>4}, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>{"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>4}, "Nursing and Health Professions"=>{"Nursing and Health Professions"=>1}, "Business, Management and Accounting"=>{"Business, Management and Accounting"=>2}, "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>{"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>1}, "Unspecified"=>{"Unspecified"=>2}}, "reader_count_by_country"=>{"Brazil"=>2, "United Kingdom"=>1}, "group_count"=>2}

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• http://doi.org/10.3390/nu8010017
• http://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.117.007155
• http://doi.org/10.1186/s12986-018-0321-8
• http://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2017.1372822
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2018.09.001
• http://doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxaa212
• http://doi.org/10.1007/s00592-020-01594-6
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2019.11.015
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcme.2018.01.001
• http://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.8343
• http://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18061188
• http://doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmaa132
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.09.216
• http://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2017.1369391
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnesp.2016.12.003
• http://doi.org/10.3390/nu9070741
• http://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-019-4838-3
• http://doi.org/10.3390/nu7115487
• http://doi.org/10.1017/jns.2018.25
• http://doi.org/10.21101/hygiena.a1765

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• {"id"=>"600920836258816001", "text"=>"Association of #coffee consumption with T2 #diabetes ? through postprandial glucose \nhttp://t.co/heJZc3AN16", "created_at"=>"2015-05-20T07:07:46Z", "user"=>"kamleshkhunti", "user_name"=>"Kamlesh Khunti", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/510366368366338048/q9ro2bV__normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"600923895034683392", "text"=>"RT @kamleshkhunti: Association of #coffee consumption with T2 #diabetes ? through postprandial glucose \nhttp://t.co/heJZc3AN16", "created_at"=>"2015-05-20T07:19:55Z", "user"=>"BrendonStubbs", "user_name"=>"Brendon Stubbs", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/550612543442792448/eo6T9Ks8_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"600924332685164544", "text"=>"Coffee consumption protective against adult onset T2 #diabetes http://t.co/P3gn3cr8ym implications @FGaughran ?", "created_at"=>"2015-05-20T07:21:40Z", "user"=>"BrendonStubbs", "user_name"=>"Brendon Stubbs", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/550612543442792448/eo6T9Ks8_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"600947965306523648", "text"=>"#Coffee has a protective effect on the risk of adult-onset #type2 #diabetes?\nhttp://t.co/eNCMAfrWeZ", "created_at"=>"2015-05-20T08:55:34Z", "user"=>"_AlisonWright", "user_name"=>"Alison Wright", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/600747859265224704/ZDctA7Hw_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"601002238681677825", "text"=>"RT @kamleshkhunti: Association of #coffee consumption with T2 #diabetes ? through postprandial glucose \nhttp://t.co/heJZc3AN16", "created_at"=>"2015-05-20T12:31:14Z", "user"=>"ACinDC2k15", "user_name"=>"Aaron R.Chidakel, MD", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/550346131209990145/DR7rx5cv_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"601723847314841601", "text"=>"Coffee Consumption, Newly Diagnosed Diabetes, and Other Alterations in Glucose... Yarmolinsky J, et al. PLoS One 2015 http://t.co/trdzaSeXp4", "created_at"=>"2015-05-22T12:18:39Z", "user"=>"dhalibrary", "user_name"=>"DHA Library", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/598887775882973185/mAORvGbn_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"605359571100704768", "text"=>"RT @kamleshkhunti: Association of #coffee consumption with T2 #diabetes ? through postprandial glucose \nhttp://t.co/heJZc3AN16", "created_at"=>"2015-06-01T13:05:43Z", "user"=>"VirgieSchlappi", "user_name"=>"Napoleon D. Guffey", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/604546586497015808/HEX6v5i6_normal.png"}

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Figshare

• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/2069673"], "description"=>"<p>^a For IFG, IGT, HbA1c analyses, n = 11245 after exclusion of participants with newly diagnosed diabetes.</p><p>^b ≥ 61.8 pmol/l (top quartile of distribution).</p><p>^c ≥ 447.0 pmol/l (top quartile of distribution).</p><p>† P-value for the test of any association between coffee consumption and the outcome of interest</p><p>* Model 1: adjusted for sex, age (years), ELSA-Brasil center.</p><p>Model 2: + race/color (white, pardo, black, asian/indigenous), education (high school or less, some university or more), education of mother (high school or less, some university or more), smoking status (current, former, never smoker), alcohol intake (user, former user, never user), leisure time physical activity level (engage in physical activity one time per week or less, engage in physical activity two or more times per week), hypertension, family history of diabetes, daily fruit consumption, daily vegetable consumption, dairy product intake (g/day), beef intake (g/day), white rice intake (g/day), soda intake (g/day), juice intake (g/day), tea intake (g/day), % kcal from fat</p><p>Model 3: + body mass index, waist-hip ratio, C-reactive protein.</p><p>Model 4: + Magnesium. Further adjustment for insulin measures (fasting and 2-hour postload) for diabetes, fasting glucose, two-hour postload glucose, and HbA1c analyses.</p><p>Adjusted<a href=\"http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0126469#t002fn005\" target=\"_blank\">^*</a> associations of frequency of coffee consumption per day with newly diagnosed diabetes, intermediate hyperglycemia, and insulin levels, from ELSA-Brasil (2008–2012) (N = 12586).</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["fasting glucose concentrations", "Adult Health", "glucose homeostasis", "South American populations", "association", "Longitudinal Study", "glucose tolerance test", "type 2 diabetes", "Logistic regression analyses", "coffee intake", "fasting insulin concentrations", "pmol", "coffee consumption"], "article_id"=>1416397, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences"], "users"=>["James Yarmolinsky", "Noel T. Mueller", "Bruce B. Duncan", "Maria del Carmen Bisi Molina", "Alessandra C. Goulart", "Maria Inês Schmidt"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0126469.t002", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>1, "page_views"=>23, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Adjusted_associations_of_frequency_of_coffee_consumption_per_day_with_newly_diagnosed_diabetes_intermediate_hyperglycemia_and_insulin_levels_from_ELSA_Brasil_2008_2012_N_12586_/1416397", "title"=>"Adjusted^* associations of frequency of coffee consumption per day with newly diagnosed diabetes, intermediate hyperglycemia, and insulin levels, from ELSA-Brasil (2008–2012) (N = 12586).", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>3, "published_date"=>"2015-05-15 02:45:20"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/2069674"], "description"=>"<p>Values presented are Mean ± SE (Standard error). Fasting insulin, two-hour postload insulin, HOMA-IR, HOMA-β, & ISI (composite) are presented as Geometric means. To convert to conventional units: mmol*18.018 = mg/dl; pmol/l*.167 = μIU/ml.</p><p>† P-value for the test of any association between coffee consumption and the outcome of interest</p><p>* Model 1: adjusted for sex, age (years), ELSA-Brasil center.</p><p>Model 2: + race/color (white, pardo, black, asian/indigenous), education (high school or less, some university or more), education of mother (high school or less, some university or more), smoking status (current, former, never smoker), alcohol intake (user, former user, never user), leisure time physical activity level (engage in physical activity one time per week or less, engage in physical activity two or more times per week), hypertension, family history of diabetes, daily fruit consumption, daily vegetable consumption, dairy product intake (g/day), beef intake (g/day), white rice intake (g/day), soda intake (g/day), juice intake (g/day), tea intake (g/day), % kcal from fat.</p><p>Model 3: + body mass index, waist-hip ratio, C-reactive protein.</p><p>Model 4: + Magnesium. Further adjustment for insulin measures (fasting and 2-hour postload) for fasting glucose, two-hour postload glucose, and HbA1c analyses.</p><p>ELSA-Brasil, 2008–2012 (N = 12586).</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["fasting glucose concentrations", "Adult Health", "glucose homeostasis", "South American populations", "association", "Longitudinal Study", "glucose tolerance test", "type 2 diabetes", "Logistic regression analyses", "coffee intake", "fasting insulin concentrations", "pmol", "coffee consumption"], "article_id"=>1416398, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences"], "users"=>["James Yarmolinsky", "Noel T. Mueller", "Bruce B. Duncan", "Maria del Carmen Bisi Molina", "Alessandra C. Goulart", "Maria Inês Schmidt"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0126469.t003", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>3, "page_views"=>20, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Adjusted_Mean_SE_values_for_metabolic_measures_according_to_the_relationship_with_frequency_of_coffee_consumption_per_day_/1416398", "title"=>"Adjusted^* Mean (SE) values for metabolic measures according to the relationship with frequency of coffee consumption per day.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>3, "published_date"=>"2015-05-15 02:45:20"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/2069671"], "description"=>"<p>For IFG, IGT, HbA1c analyses, n = 11245 after exclusion of participants with newly diagnosed diabetes.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["fasting glucose concentrations", "Adult Health", "glucose homeostasis", "South American populations", "association", "Longitudinal Study", "glucose tolerance test", "type 2 diabetes", "Logistic regression analyses", "coffee intake", "fasting insulin concentrations", "pmol", "coffee consumption"], "article_id"=>1416395, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences"], "users"=>["James Yarmolinsky", "Noel T. Mueller", "Bruce B. Duncan", "Maria del Carmen Bisi Molina", "Alessandra C. Goulart", "Maria Inês Schmidt"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0126469.g001", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>24, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Fully_adjusted_Model_3_associations_of_frequency_of_coffee_consumption_per_day_with_newly_diagnosed_diabetes_and_intermediate_hyperglycemia_from_ELSA_Brasil_2008_8211_2012_N_12586_/1416395", "title"=>"Fully-adjusted (Model 3) associations of frequency of coffee consumption per day with newly diagnosed diabetes and intermediate hyperglycemia, from ELSA-Brasil (2008–2012) (N = 12586).", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2015-05-15 02:45:20"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/2069672"], "description"=>"<p>Values are means and standard deviations for continuous variables and frequencies and percentages for categorical variables. Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index (kg/m²); WHR, waist-hip ratio.</p><p>^a “Other”: those reporting their race/skin color as “Asian” or “Indigenous.</p><p>^b Highest level of instruction completed was High school, or less.</p><p>^c Typically engage in leisure time physical activity 1 day/week or less.</p><p>Characterization of ELSA-Brasil participants (N = 12586) by frequency of coffee consumption per day, at baseline (2008–2010).</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["fasting glucose concentrations", "Adult Health", "glucose homeostasis", "South American populations", "association", "Longitudinal Study", "glucose tolerance test", "type 2 diabetes", "Logistic regression analyses", "coffee intake", "fasting insulin concentrations", "pmol", "coffee consumption"], "article_id"=>1416396, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences"], "users"=>["James Yarmolinsky", "Noel T. Mueller", "Bruce B. Duncan", "Maria del Carmen Bisi Molina", "Alessandra C. Goulart", "Maria Inês Schmidt"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0126469.t001", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>1, "page_views"=>38, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Characterization_of_ELSA_Brasil_participants_N_12586_by_frequency_of_coffee_consumption_per_day_at_baseline_2008_8211_2010_/1416396", "title"=>"Characterization of ELSA-Brasil participants (N = 12586) by frequency of coffee consumption per day, at baseline (2008–2010).", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>3, "published_date"=>"2015-05-15 02:45:20"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/2069675", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/2069676"], "description"=>"<div><p>Introduction</p><p>Observational studies have reported fairly consistent inverse associations between coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes, but this association has been little investigated with regard to lesser degrees of hyperglycemia and other alterations in glucose homeostasis. Additionally, the association between coffee consumption and diabetes has been rarely investigated in South American populations. We examined the cross-sectional relationships of coffee intake with newly diagnosed diabetes and measures of glucose homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, and insulin secretion, in a large Brazilian cohort of middle-aged and elderly individuals.</p><p>Methods</p><p>We used baseline data from 12,586 participants of the Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). Logistic regression analyses were performed to examine associations between coffee consumption and newly diagnosed diabetes. Analysis of covariance was used to assess coffee intake in relation to two-hour glucose from an oral glucose tolerance test, fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin, fasting and –2-hour postload insulin and measures of insulin sensitivity.</p><p>Results</p><p>We found an inverse association between coffee consumption and newly diagnosed diabetes, after adjusting for multiple covariates [23% and 26% lower odds of diabetes for those consuming coffee 2–3 and >3 times per day, respectively, compared to those reporting never or almost never consuming coffee, (p = .02)]. An inverse association was also found for 2-hour postload glucose [Never/almost never: 7.57 mmol/L, ≤1 time/day: 7.48 mmol/L, 2-3 times/day: 7.22 mmol/L, >3 times/day: 7.12 mol/L, p<0.0001] but not with fasting glucose concentrations (p = 0.07). Coffee was additionally associated with 2-hour postload insulin [Never/almost never: 287.2 pmol/L, ≤1 time/day: 280.1 pmol/L, 2–3 times/day: 275.3 pmol/L, >3 times/day: 262.2 pmol/L, p = 0.0005) but not with fasting insulin concentrations (p = .58).</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>Our present study provides further evidence of a protective effect of coffee on risk of adult-onset diabetes. This effect appears to act primarily, if not exclusively, through postprandial, as opposed to fasting, glucose homeostasis.</p></div>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["fasting glucose concentrations", "Adult Health", "glucose homeostasis", "South American populations", "association", "Longitudinal Study", "glucose tolerance test", "type 2 diabetes", "Logistic regression analyses", "coffee intake", "fasting insulin concentrations", "pmol", "coffee consumption"], "article_id"=>1416399, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences"], "users"=>["James Yarmolinsky", "Noel T. Mueller", "Bruce B. Duncan", "Maria del Carmen Bisi Molina", "Alessandra C. Goulart", "Maria Inês Schmidt"], "doi"=>["https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0126469.s001", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0126469.s002"], "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>29, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Coffee_Consumption_Newly_Diagnosed_Diabetes_and_Other_Alterations_in_Glucose_Homeostasis_A_Cross_Sectional_Analysis_of_the_Longitudinal_Study_of_Adult_Health_ELSA_Brasil_/1416399", "title"=>"Coffee Consumption, Newly Diagnosed Diabetes, and Other Alterations in Glucose Homeostasis: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil)", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>4, "published_date"=>"2015-05-15 02:45:20"}

PMC Usage Stats | Further Information

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• {"unique-ip"=>"24", "full-text"=>"28", "pdf"=>"3", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"1", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2019", "month"=>"5"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"30", "full-text"=>"34", "pdf"=>"1", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"1", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"1", "year"=>"2019", "month"=>"8"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"15", "full-text"=>"14", "pdf"=>"1", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"2", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2019", "month"=>"9"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"18", "full-text"=>"18", "pdf"=>"2", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2019", "month"=>"10"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"25", "full-text"=>"22", "pdf"=>"7", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2019", "month"=>"12"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"29", "full-text"=>"34", "pdf"=>"7", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"2", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2020", "month"=>"2"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"23", "full-text"=>"26", "pdf"=>"5", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2020", "month"=>"3"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"28", "full-text"=>"34", "pdf"=>"1", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2020", "month"=>"4"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"30", "full-text"=>"31", "pdf"=>"6", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2020", "month"=>"5"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"18", "full-text"=>"19", "pdf"=>"4", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2020", "month"=>"6"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"24", "full-text"=>"24", "pdf"=>"2", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"2", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2020", "month"=>"7"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"20", "full-text"=>"17", "pdf"=>"5", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"1", "cited-by"=>"1", "year"=>"2020", "month"=>"8"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"28", "full-text"=>"29", "pdf"=>"3", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"2", "supp-data"=>"1", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2020", "month"=>"9"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"36", "full-text"=>"45", "pdf"=>"2", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2020", "month"=>"10"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"21", "full-text"=>"27", "pdf"=>"2", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"1", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2020", "month"=>"11"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"44", "full-text"=>"53", "pdf"=>"6", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2020", "month"=>"12"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"13", "full-text"=>"10", "pdf"=>"3", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2021", "month"=>"1"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"11", "full-text"=>"11", "pdf"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2021", "month"=>"2"}

Relative Metric

{"start_date"=>"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z", "end_date"=>"2015-12-31T00:00:00Z", "subject_areas"=>[]}

F1000Prime