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{"title"=>"Does development assistance for health really displace government health spending? Reassessing the evidence", "type"=>"journal", "authors"=>[{"first_name"=>"Rajaie", "last_name"=>"Batniji", "scopus_author_id"=>"22133526800"}, {"first_name"=>"Eran", "last_name"=>"Bendavid", "scopus_author_id"=>"16232448800"}], "year"=>2012, "source"=>"PLoS Medicine", "identifiers"=>{"sgr"=>"84861555026", "pui"=>"364901017", "doi"=>"10.1371/journal.pmed.1001214", "pmid"=>"22589704", "scopus"=>"2-s2.0-84861555026", "issn"=>"15491277"}, "id"=>"a1008552-b05d-325a-bc8f-af6a277ff5eb", "abstract"=>"Rajaie Batniji and Eran Bendavid dispute recent suggestions that health aid to developing countries leads to a displacement of government spending and instead argue that current evidence about aid displacement cannot be used to guide policy.", "link"=>"http://www.mendeley.com/research/development-assistance-health-really-displace-government-health-spending-reassessing-evidence", "reader_count"=>41, "reader_count_by_academic_status"=>{"Unspecified"=>1, "Professor > Associate Professor"=>4, "Librarian"=>2, "Researcher"=>4, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>11, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>8, "Student > Postgraduate"=>1, "Student > Master"=>3, "Student > Bachelor"=>4, "Lecturer"=>1, "Lecturer > Senior Lecturer"=>1, "Other"=>1}, "reader_count_by_user_role"=>{"Unspecified"=>1, "Professor > Associate Professor"=>4, "Librarian"=>2, "Researcher"=>4, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>11, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>8, "Student > Postgraduate"=>1, "Student > Master"=>3, "Student > Bachelor"=>4, "Lecturer"=>1, "Lecturer > Senior Lecturer"=>1, "Other"=>1}, "reader_count_by_subject_area"=>{"Unspecified"=>3, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>1, "Arts and Humanities"=>1, "Chemistry"=>1, "Computer Science"=>1, "Earth and Planetary Sciences"=>1, "Economics, Econometrics and Finance"=>4, "Nursing and Health Professions"=>1, "Mathematics"=>2, "Medicine and Dentistry"=>19, "Design"=>1, "Psychology"=>1, "Social Sciences"=>5}, "reader_count_by_subdiscipline"=>{"Medicine and Dentistry"=>{"Medicine and Dentistry"=>19}, "Social Sciences"=>{"Social Sciences"=>5}, "Psychology"=>{"Psychology"=>1}, "Mathematics"=>{"Mathematics"=>2}, "Unspecified"=>{"Unspecified"=>3}, "Arts and Humanities"=>{"Arts and Humanities"=>1}, "Design"=>{"Design"=>1}, "Chemistry"=>{"Chemistry"=>1}, "Earth and Planetary Sciences"=>{"Earth and Planetary Sciences"=>1}, "Economics, Econometrics and Finance"=>{"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"=>4}, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>{"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>1}, "Computer Science"=>{"Computer Science"=>1}, "Nursing and Health Professions"=>{"Nursing and Health Professions"=>1}}, "reader_count_by_country"=>{"United Kingdom"=>1, "Kenya"=>2, "Tunisia"=>1}, "group_count"=>0}

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• http://doi.org/10.1111/pbaf.12055
• http://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czab004
• http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001364
• http://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-11-246
• http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001365

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• 3444429
• 3539939
• 3539943

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• {"url"=>"http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.plos.org%2Fplosmedicine%2Farticle%3Fid%3D10.1371%252Fjournal.pmed.1001214", "share_count"=>0, "like_count"=>0, "comment_count"=>0, "click_count"=>0, "total_count"=>0}

Journal Comments | Further Information

• {"type"=>"COMMENT", "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/annotation/d6379c05-47d0-4464-a1ec-e21b7fb927db", "title"=>"Text doesn't match results", "body"=>"I think most readers will read this to say: \"We replicated the original regressions, tested them for robustness to exclusion of suspect data. They failed.\" But in the key results, in Table 4, the key parameter remains statistically significant 7 out of 8 times. (Look for the p values at or near 0 in the rows labelled \"Arellano-Bond/Blundell-Bond model.\") ", "highlightedText"=>"''Even if we accept the concerns about data consistency and accept the highly imputed data, the relationship between DAH and GHE-S is not stable to the exclusion of a few data points. We replicated the author's fixed effects model (Arellano-Bover/Blundell Bond model). We confirmed their main results, but we further explored the sensitivity of the results to the exclusion of questionable data. The associations failed significance testing at p = 0.05 when excluding the lowest 10% of GHE-S using the IMF data and the lowest 20% of the WHO data.''\nhttp://plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001214#article1.body1.sec3.p2", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2012-05-10T20:33:54Z", "lastModified"=>"2012-05-10T20:33:54Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"268451"}, "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>false}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001214", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSMedicine"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSMedicine", "eIssn"=>"1549-1676", "title"=>"PLOS Medicine"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>0, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2012-05-10T20:33:54Z", "replies"=>[]}
• {"type"=>"COMMENT", "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/annotation/380a1c5e-07fd-415a-9fe5-a63bd579094e", "title"=>"The original authors did the same thing", "body"=>"The implication here is that this alternative estimator is an innovation. But the original authors did it too: \"To test the sensitivity of our findings from the ABBB model, we also used a fixed-effects model with robust SEs...\" The only apparent difference is small: here the standard errors are clustered by country.", "highlightedText"=>"''Given the concerns about Lu and colleagues' model choice, we repeated the analysis using an alternative statistical model to assess the robustness of the relationship between DAH and GHE-S. We used ordinary least squares regression with country fixed effects, clustered by country, for the main model estimation of the association between DAH and GHE-S.''\nhttp://plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001214#article1.body1.sec3.p3", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2012-05-10T21:07:54Z", "lastModified"=>"2012-05-10T21:07:54Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"268451"}, "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>false}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001214", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSMedicine"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSMedicine", "eIssn"=>"1549-1676", "title"=>"PLOS Medicine"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>0, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2012-05-10T21:07:54Z", "replies"=>[]}
• {"type"=>"COMMENT", "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/annotation/2c7fcbd3-0023-45a2-a25c-036b350665b8", "title"=>"Non sequitur", "body"=>"Whether countries are diverse does not speak much to the choice of random vs. fixed effects. The question is whether the diversity is well-behaved in the sense of being normally distributed. Certainly, it may not be, which does argue for a fixed-effects model. But unless I'm misunderstanding, that's not the argument being made here.", "highlightedText"=>"''Furthermore, donors take widely varying strategies toward liaising with government. For example, while World Bank funding largely goes through official government channels, the United States Government's President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) had largely bypassed recipient country budget-planning procedures in its effort to achieve a rapid scale-up of HIV/AIDS programs [14].''\nhttp://plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001214#article1.body1.sec3.p3", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2012-05-10T21:11:01Z", "lastModified"=>"2012-05-10T21:11:01Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"268451"}, "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>false}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001214", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSMedicine"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSMedicine", "eIssn"=>"1549-1676", "title"=>"PLOS Medicine"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>0, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2012-05-10T21:11:01Z", "replies"=>[]}
• {"type"=>"COMMENT", "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/annotation/e6927f03-8021-4842-baba-e3d83cb863b3", "title"=>"No curiosity as to why?", "body"=>"Perhaps they had a good reason? It seems like some curiosity as to why is in order. Not so convincing otherwise.", "highlightedText"=>"''Lu and colleagues leave out of the analysis 51 countries that IHME previously analyzed as recipients of DAH, including Russia and much of Eastern Europe, Iraq, Afghanistan, the occupied Palestinian territory, Somalia, and several small Island states''\nhttp://plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001214#article1.body1.sec3.p1", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2012-05-10T21:24:53Z", "lastModified"=>"2012-05-10T21:24:53Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"268451"}, "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>false}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001214", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSMedicine"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSMedicine", "eIssn"=>"1549-1676", "title"=>"PLOS Medicine"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>0, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2012-05-10T21:24:53Z", "replies"=>[]}
• {"type"=>"COMMENT", "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/annotation/e57a43bc-dcc1-477a-a85a-20a6c12598f9", "title"=>"\"concerns about model choice\" never stated", "body"=>"The concerns stated above are about data quality, not model choice. There is no critique offered here of their model, thus no rationale for the alternative model. Perhaps the point is that the data contain so many extremes that a linear model does not seem plausible. But that does not justify the alternative because it is linear too.", "highlightedText"=>"''Given the concerns about Lu and colleagues' model choice''\nhttp://plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001214#article1.body1.sec3.p3", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2012-05-10T21:30:50Z", "lastModified"=>"2012-05-10T21:30:50Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"268451"}, "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>false}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001214", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSMedicine"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSMedicine", "eIssn"=>"1549-1676", "title"=>"PLOS Medicine"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>0, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2012-05-10T21:30:50Z", "replies"=>[]}
• {"type"=>"COMMENT", "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/annotation/4c4cfe73-e001-4625-a67c-9a90126fad80", "title"=>"This model is biased.", "body"=>"Betrayed here is a lack of understanding of the relevant econometrics. The implication (unfortunately the model is not described precisely) is the new model, like the original, is dynamic, meaning that it includes the lagged dependent variable as a regressor. Dynamic OLS models with fixed effects on short panels like this one are biased; in fact it's called dynamic panel bias, and it motivated the design of the original authors' preferred \"ABBB\" regressions. As one might expect, there are trade-offs between the two models. But a good analysis would explain and think through the choices, and note in particular that the original authors' model is actually the more conservative one.", "highlightedText"=>"''We used ordinary least squares regression with country fixed effects''\nhttp://plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001214#article1.body1.sec3.p3", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2012-05-10T21:48:47Z", "lastModified"=>"2012-05-10T21:48:47Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"268451"}, "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>false}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001214", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSMedicine"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSMedicine", "eIssn"=>"1549-1676", "title"=>"PLOS Medicine"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>0, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2012-05-10T21:48:47Z", "replies"=>[]}
• {"type"=>"COMMENT", "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/annotation/42844479-32f8-4ca2-bf54-4205810c522c", "title"=>"Text contradicted by table", "body"=>"Of the four p values reported in table 4 for the relevant regressions (all of which test for \"linear associations\"), two are zero, one is .103 and one is 0.34. This does not constitute lack of significance.", "highlightedText"=>"''The linear association between DAH and GHE-S as percentage of GDP is not significant after excluding these observations.''\nhttp://plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001214#article1.body1.sec3.p4", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2012-05-10T21:59:52Z", "lastModified"=>"2012-05-10T21:59:52Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"268451"}, "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>false}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001214", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSMedicine"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSMedicine", "eIssn"=>"1549-1676", "title"=>"PLOS Medicine"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>0, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2012-05-10T21:59:52Z", "replies"=>[]}
• {"type"=>"COMMENT", "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/annotation/ea2d40fb-fdd7-47d1-9225-6df1359e01e8", "title"=>"Again, does not accurately characterize results", "body"=>"Of the four relevant p values in Table 4, one is .001 and another is .103. Certainly this set of results is the weakest (measured by statistical distance from 0) but the description in text still does not match the results.", "highlightedText"=>"''linear regressions examining the association between DAH and GHE-S as a percentage of GDP when DAH to government is greater than or equal to 0.5% of national GDP are not significant''\nhttp://plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001214#article1.body1.sec3.p5", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2012-05-10T22:04:16Z", "lastModified"=>"2012-05-10T22:04:16Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"268451"}, "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>false}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001214", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSMedicine"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSMedicine", "eIssn"=>"1549-1676", "title"=>"PLOS Medicine"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>0, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2012-05-10T22:04:16Z", "replies"=>[]}
• {"type"=>"COMMENT", "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/annotation/45ff8cea-9ada-4944-bcdb-f97a7bf08b8a", "title"=>"Confuses noise with bias", "body"=>"It should be recognized that all data, perhaps especially in international development, have quality issues. A key question is whether that data causes bias. The language here seems to suggest that any mismeasurement should undermine the quality of the results. That is not so. The purpose of statistics is to ferret signals out of noise. Standard errors are computed to estimate how much the noise blurs the conclusions. Where it is proper to be concerned about the data quality per se is if it become so bad that a few outliers can completely distort results. That is a legitimate concern here, but should be articulated more precisely.", "highlightedText"=>"''Given the concerns raised over data plausibility and completeness''\nhttp://plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001214#article1.body1.sec4.p2", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2012-05-10T22:12:29Z", "lastModified"=>"2012-05-10T22:12:29Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"268451"}, "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>false}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001214", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSMedicine"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSMedicine", "eIssn"=>"1549-1676", "title"=>"PLOS Medicine"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>0, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2012-05-10T22:12:29Z", "replies"=>[]}
• {"type"=>"COMMENT", "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/annotation/a5182c1c-8b79-48db-9a99-1583389cc8e2", "title"=>"Not demonstrated that the errors are systematic", "body"=>"I don't believe this paper has shown that the errors in the data are *systematic* in the sense they should be expected to bias results in a way that it would be hard for statistical models to overcome.", "highlightedText"=>"''systematically wrong and missing data''\nhttp://plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001214#article1.body1.sec4.p3", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2012-05-10T22:16:16Z", "lastModified"=>"2012-05-10T22:16:16Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"268451"}, "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>false}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001214", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSMedicine"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSMedicine", "eIssn"=>"1549-1676", "title"=>"PLOS Medicine"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>0, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2012-05-10T22:16:16Z", "replies"=>[]}
• {"type"=>"COMMENT", "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/annotation/13034018-afe1-4e98-8974-aae13ed5152e", "title"=>"Flawed analysis of a flawed analysis", "body"=>"The present paper is right to raise and examine the issue of outliers, which may be generated in part by bad data. But the analysis is not credible. The authors seem to favor an alternative regression model, but never justify it, and in particular never confront the realities that a) the original authors did it too; b) that it is *less* conservative than the original authors' favored approach; and c) is in fact known to be biased. What is reported as sensitivity to removal of outliers is actually in large part \"sensitivity\" to switching to this alternative, biased estimator. This can be seen easily in the p values Table 4, which thus contradict several statements in text. \n\nSeparately, I have blogged about why I think the original study raises serious doubts too, for reasons not addressed here: http://j.mp/KQ4tej", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2012-05-11T12:21:27Z", "lastModified"=>"2012-05-11T12:21:27Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"268451"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>false}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001214", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSMedicine"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSMedicine", "eIssn"=>"1549-1676", "title"=>"PLOS Medicine"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>0, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2012-05-11T12:21:27Z", "replies"=>[]}
• {"type"=>"COMMENT", "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/annotation/52e684f5-ed44-4952-9758-6570db9caa24", "title"=>"Unclear meaning", "body"=>"Standard errors can be \"clustered by country\" but I don't think country fixed effects can be.", "highlightedText"=>"''country fixed effects, clustered by country''\nhttp://plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001214#article1.body1.sec3.p3", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2012-05-11T21:01:50Z", "lastModified"=>"2012-05-11T21:01:50Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"268451"}, "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>false}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001214", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSMedicine"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSMedicine", "eIssn"=>"1549-1676", "title"=>"PLOS Medicine"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>0, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2012-05-11T21:01:50Z", "replies"=>[]}
• {"type"=>"COMMENT", "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/annotation/7e00d205-6516-4539-9672-1e23393a757e", "title"=>"WHO and IMF do not estimate GHE-S", "body"=>"Table 1 has values for GHE-S, Government Health Expenditure-government (not donors) as Source. Contrary to the implications of this sentence, WHO and IMF do not estimate GHE-S. They estimate GHE-A, Government Health Expenditure-government as Agent, which is GHE-S + health aid received. So GHE-S is computed as GHE-A minus health aid received. This matters because the ratio between what WHO and IMF actually estimate (GHE-A) can be much smaller than the resulting ratios in GHE-S dramatized here.", "highlightedText"=>"''In 29 country-year observations, the ratio between WHO and IMF estimates is greater than 10 (Table 1).''\nhttp://plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001214#article1.body1.sec3.p1", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2012-05-11T21:40:01Z", "lastModified"=>"2012-05-11T21:40:01Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"268451"}, "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>false}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001214", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSMedicine"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSMedicine", "eIssn"=>"1549-1676", "title"=>"PLOS Medicine"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>0, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2012-05-11T21:40:01Z", "replies"=>[]}
• {"type"=>"COMMENT", "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/annotation/5d3fa867-6d69-42c1-a14b-db30500c5c65", "title"=>"Methods clarification", "body"=>"This should read: we approximated their results and found that the OLS relationship between DAH and government health expenditure from domestic sources is lost", "highlightedText"=>"''we replicated their results and found that the linear relationship between DAH and government health expenditure from domestic sources is lost''\nhttp://plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001214#article1.body1.sec2.p5", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2012-05-24T17:50:42Z", "lastModified"=>"2012-05-24T17:50:42Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"268725"}, "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>false}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001214", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSMedicine"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSMedicine", "eIssn"=>"1549-1676", "title"=>"PLOS Medicine"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>0, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2012-05-24T17:50:42Z", "replies"=>[]}
• {"type"=>"COMMENT", "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/annotation/585282b6-9a9b-4f01-9811-341ce478c9d5", "title"=>"Methods clarification", "body"=>"This should read: We approximated the author’s fixed effects model and Arellano-Bover/Blundell Bond model.\n\nNote: Since the specifications for these models have not been disclosed, we approximated them without including controls for GDP and general government expenditure. ", "highlightedText"=>"''We replicated the author's fixed effects model (Arellano-Bover/Blundell Bond model).''\nhttp://plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001214#article1.body1.sec3.p2", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2012-05-24T17:53:58Z", "lastModified"=>"2012-05-24T17:53:58Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"268725"}, "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>false}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001214", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSMedicine"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSMedicine", "eIssn"=>"1549-1676", "title"=>"PLOS Medicine"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>0, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2012-05-24T17:53:58Z", "replies"=>[]}
• {"type"=>"COMMENT", "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/annotation/cc9a457a-13b2-412e-85e6-49c1ff685e44", "title"=>"Methods clarification", "body"=>"This should read: We used ordinary least squares regression, clustered by country [...]", "highlightedText"=>"''We used ordinary least squares regression with country fixed effects, clustered by country''\nhttp://plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001214#article1.body1.sec3.p3", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2012-05-24T17:55:58Z", "lastModified"=>"2012-05-24T17:55:58Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"268725"}, "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>false}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001214", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSMedicine"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSMedicine", "eIssn"=>"1549-1676", "title"=>"PLOS Medicine"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>0, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2012-05-24T17:55:58Z", "replies"=>[]}
• {"type"=>"COMMENT", "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/annotation/ace24c7f-39be-4e2a-a5ec-042beaed991b", "title"=>"Publisher's Note: Error in section: Questioning the Argument That Health Aid Leads to Reduced Government Investment in Health", "body"=>"There was an error in the final paragraph of this section. The correct sentence is: Using Lu and colleagues' data on government health spending and Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) data on DAH [8], we approximated their results and found that the OLS relationship between DAH and government health expenditure from domestic sources is lost[…]", "highlightedText"=>"''Using Lu and colleagues' data on government health spending and Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) data on DAH [8], we replicated their results and found that the linear relationship between DAH and government health expenditure from domestic sources is lost when country-years in which World Health Organization (WHO) and International Monetary Fund (IMF) estimates differ by 10-fold or more are removed, when a small set of implausible data points are removed, and when restricting the sample to eliminate those countries that receive very little DAH as a percentage of GDP.''\nhttp://plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001214#article1.body1.sec2.p5", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2012-05-31T11:42:15Z", "lastModified"=>"2012-06-06T22:38:55Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"172479"}, "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>false}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001214", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSMedicine"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSMedicine", "eIssn"=>"1549-1676", "title"=>"PLOS Medicine"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>0, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2012-05-31T11:42:15Z", "replies"=>[]}
• {"type"=>"COMMENT", "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/annotation/2f5fa8e6-597d-47cc-b039-fcd15eb13967", "title"=>"Publisher's Note: Error in section: Re-evaluating the Data: Inconsistencies and Omissions", "body"=>"There was an error in the second paragraph of this section. The correct sentence is: We approximated the author’s fixed effects model and Arellano-Bover/Blundell Bond model.\n\nNote: Since the specifications for these models have not been disclosed, the authors approximated them without including controls for GDP and general government expenditure.\n", "highlightedText"=>"''We replicated the author's fixed effects model (Arellano-Bover/Blundell Bond model).''\nhttp://plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001214#article1.body1.sec3.p2", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2012-05-31T11:46:29Z", "lastModified"=>"2012-06-06T22:38:55Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"172479"}, "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>false}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001214", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSMedicine"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSMedicine", "eIssn"=>"1549-1676", "title"=>"PLOS Medicine"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>0, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2012-05-31T11:46:29Z", "replies"=>[]}
• {"type"=>"COMMENT", "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/annotation/ec11562a-c99e-47c2-b6d5-70fc87036422", "title"=>"Publisher's Note: Error in section: Re-evaluating the Data: Inconsistencies and Omissions", "body"=>"There was an error in the third paragraph of this section. The correct sentence is: We used ordinary least squares regression, clustered by country, for the main model estimation of the association between DAH and GHE-S.", "highlightedText"=>"''We used ordinary least squares regression with country fixed effects, clustered by country, for the main model estimation of the association between DAH and GHE-S.''\nhttp://plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001214#article1.body1.sec3.p3", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2012-05-31T11:50:07Z", "lastModified"=>"2012-06-06T22:38:55Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"172479"}, "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>false}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001214", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSMedicine"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSMedicine", "eIssn"=>"1549-1676", "title"=>"PLOS Medicine"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>0, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2012-05-31T11:50:07Z", "replies"=>[]}
• {"type"=>"COMMENT", "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/annotation/77f49e9a-c0a1-4468-a955-c592c1430344", "title"=>"Error in figure order", "body"=>"The images for Figures 1 and 2 were incorrectly switched. The image that appears as Figure 1 should be Figure 2, and the image that appears as Figure 2 should be Figure 1. The figure legends appear in the correct order.", "highlightedText"=>"''Primary data scatter of the relationship between DAH and GHE-S in all countries.''\nhttp://plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001214#pmed-1001214-g001", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2012-06-01T09:58:25Z", "lastModified"=>"2012-06-01T09:58:25Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"172479"}, "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>false}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001214", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSMedicine"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSMedicine", "eIssn"=>"1549-1676", "title"=>"PLOS Medicine"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>0, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2012-06-01T09:58:25Z", "replies"=>[]}
• {"type"=>"COMMENT", "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/annotation/529d2a21-8efd-4922-bd3e-9c0ed1598e3c", "title"=>"Error in figure order", "body"=>"The images for Figures 1 and 2 were incorrectly switched. The image that appears as Figure 1 should be Figure 2, and the image that appears as Figure 2 should be Figure 1. The figure legends appear in the correct order.", "highlightedText"=>"''Widely divergent trends in the relationship between DAH and GHE-S in select countries.''\nhttp://plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001214#pmed-1001214-g002", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2012-06-01T09:59:04Z", "lastModified"=>"2012-06-01T09:59:04Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"172479"}, "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>false}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001214", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSMedicine"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSMedicine", "eIssn"=>"1549-1676", "title"=>"PLOS Medicine"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>0, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2012-06-01T09:59:04Z", "replies"=>[]}

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• {"id"=>"208307585118507008", "text"=>"#PLoS Does Dev't Assistance 4 #Health #DAH really displace gov't expenditure? Not so says Batniji et al http://t.co/3GEPRaQe @read_write_gh", "created_at"=>"2012-05-31T21:22:53Z", "user"=>"HEARDatUNSW", "user_name"=>"HEARD@UNSW", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1623376779/tokemresearch1_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"209997004422660096", "text"=>"Health #aid displacing government spending? The evidence is not that clear. http://t.co/tNCM17o7 #globalhealth", "created_at"=>"2012-06-05T13:16:02Z", "user"=>"Michael_Keizer", "user_name"=>"Michael Keizer", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1182886829/763710_green_beetle_1__normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"210002643223973888", "text"=>"New study questions study that has led donrs to assume that health aid displaces domestic health spend http://t.co/uvsACd2P", "created_at"=>"2012-06-05T13:38:26Z", "user"=>"FrazerGoodwin", "user_name"=>"Frazer Goodwin", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1115089017/CV_photo_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"218778969040891904", "text"=>"Questions from a blog lead to retraction of a #Plos Med paper- Science writers, I am impressed! Good job @davidroodman http://t.co/ngphwkC9", "created_at"=>"2012-06-29T18:52:25Z", "user"=>"NathaliaHolt", "user_name"=>"Nathalia Holt", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2223953502/nattwit_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"219350323037347840", "text"=>"So in the end #dev #aid for health might still displace govt spending. Good work from @davidoodman. http://t.co/tNCM17o7 #globalhealth", "created_at"=>"2012-07-01T08:42:47Z", "user"=>"Michael_Keizer", "user_name"=>"Michael Keizer", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2337205668/lxut9rmi4k143i2man2c_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"219362759786250240", "text"=>"So in the end #dev #aid for health might still displace govt spending. Good work by @davidroodman. http://t.co/dbM5jq0m #globalhealth", "created_at"=>"2012-07-01T09:32:12Z", "user"=>"Michael_Keizer", "user_name"=>"Michael Keizer", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2337205668/lxut9rmi4k143i2man2c_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"219414217806196736", "text"=>"Retraction Batniji, Bendavid Does Development Assistance for Health Really Displace Govt Hlth $ thx to @cgdev D Roodman http://t.co/zHMOuECX", "created_at"=>"2012-07-01T12:56:40Z", "user"=>"glassmanamanda", "user_name"=>"Amanda Glassman", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1899533556/1424518_image_A_glassman_170_normal.jpg"}

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Figshare

• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/641082"], "description"=>"<p>Both DAH and GHE-S are presented here as a percentage of GDP, with GHE-S based on IMF data. Each point on the above plot represents a country-year observation used in the analysis. Data source: IHME <a href=\"http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001214#pmed.1001214-Cheng1\" target=\"_blank\">[2]</a>.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["Global health", "Economics", "dah", "ghe-s"], "article_id"=>311571, "categories"=>["Medicine", "Sociology"], "users"=>["Rajaie Batniji", "Eran Bendavid"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001214.g001", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>1, "page_views"=>9, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Primary_data_scatter_of_the_relationship_between_DAH_and_GHE_S_in_all_countries_/311571", "title"=>"Primary data scatter of the relationship between DAH and GHE-S in all countries.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2012-05-08 00:26:11"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/641158"], "description"=>"<p>Both DAH and GHE-S are presented here as a percentage of GDP, with GHE-S based on IMF data. In Rwanda, GHE-S is effectively zero, regardless of DAH. In Lesotho, GHE-S appears to rise with DAH (aid is associated with additional GHE-S). Eritrea exhibits erratic response, while Zambia generally follows the predictions of Lu and colleagues about decreasing government expenditure with increasing DAH. Data source: IHME <a href=\"http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001214#pmed.1001214-Cheng1\" target=\"_blank\">[2]</a>.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["Global health", "Economics", "divergent", "trends", "dah", "ghe-s"], "article_id"=>311652, "categories"=>["Medicine", "Sociology"], "users"=>["Rajaie Batniji", "Eran Bendavid"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001214.g002", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>1, "page_views"=>5, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Widely_divergent_trends_in_the_relationship_between_DAH_and_GHE_S_in_select_countries_/311652", "title"=>"Widely divergent trends in the relationship between DAH and GHE-S in select countries.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2012-05-08 00:27:32"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/641295"], "description"=>"<p>WHO estimates exceed IMF estimates in about two-thirds of observations. However, there are also notable country-years in which WHO estimates are more than 10-fold lower than IMF estimates, including: Guinea-Bissau, 1995 (ratio of 0); Eritrea in 2003 (ratio of 0.047).</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["Global health", "Economics", "imf", "estimates", "expenditure", "sources", "gdp", "greater"], "article_id"=>311781, "categories"=>["Medicine", "Sociology"], "users"=>["Rajaie Batniji", "Eran Bendavid"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001214.t001", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>1, "page_views"=>3, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Observations_where_the_ratio_of_WHO_to_IMF_estimates_of_government_health_expenditure_from_domestic_sources_as_a_percentage_of_GDP_GHE_S_GDP_is_greater_than_10_/311781", "title"=>"Observations where the ratio of WHO to IMF estimates of government health expenditure from domestic sources as a percentage of GDP (GHE-S/GDP) is greater than 10.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>3, "published_date"=>"2012-05-08 00:29:41"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/641255"], "description"=>"<p>If these data points are excluded, the relationship between GHE-S and DAH is no longer statistically significant.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["Global health", "Economics", "imf"], "article_id"=>311750, "categories"=>["Medicine", "Sociology"], "users"=>["Rajaie Batniji", "Eran Bendavid"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001214.t002", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>1, "page_views"=>6, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Country_years_in_which_GHE_S_GDP_lt_0_0001_in_IMF_and_WHO_data_/311750", "title"=>"Country-years in which GHE-S/GDP <0.0001 in IMF and WHO data.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>3, "published_date"=>"2012-05-08 00:29:10"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/641326"], "description"=>"<p>Note that linear regressions fail with modest exclusions.</p><p>SE, standard error.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["Global health", "Economics", "dah"], "article_id"=>311816, "categories"=>["Medicine", "Sociology"], "users"=>["Rajaie Batniji", "Eran Bendavid"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001214.t004", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>4, "page_views"=>8, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Summary_of_regressions_with_GHE_S_GDP_as_dependent_variable_DAH_to_governments_GDP_as_independent_variable_/311816", "title"=>"Summary of regressions, with GHE-S/GDP as dependent variable, DAH to governments/GDP as independent variable.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>3, "published_date"=>"2012-05-08 00:30:16"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/641227"], "description"=>"<p>Limiting the analysis to these country-years (comprising 47% of all DAH) reveals no significant relationship between DAH and GHE-S.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["Global health", "Economics", "dah", "equals", "exceeds"], "article_id"=>311722, "categories"=>["Medicine", "Sociology"], "users"=>["Rajaie Batniji", "Eran Bendavid"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001214.t003", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>1, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Country_years_in_which_DAH_equals_or_exceeds_0_5_of_GDP_/311722", "title"=>"Country-years in which DAH equals or exceeds 0.5% of GDP.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>3, "published_date"=>"2012-05-08 00:28:42"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/330819"], "description"=>"Does Development Assistance for Health Really Displace Government Health Spending? Reassessing the Evidence", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["Global health", "Economics", "displace", "reassessing"], "article_id"=>125325, "categories"=>["Medicine", "Sociology"], "users"=>["Rajaie Batniji", "Eran Bendavid"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001214", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>1, "page_views"=>40, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/Does_Development_Assistance_for_Health_Really_Displace_Government_Health_Spending_Reassessing_the_Evidence/125325", "title"=>"Does Development Assistance for Health Really Displace Government Health Spending? Reassessing the Evidence", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>3, "published_date"=>"2012-05-08 01:28:45"}

PMC Usage Stats | Further Information

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Relative Metric

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F1000Prime