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• {"link"=>{"url"=>"http://www.citeulike.org/user/tylerb18/article/13779854"}, "post_time"=>"2015-10-01 04:33:14", "tag"=>"no-tag", "linkout"=>{"type"=>"DOI", "url"=>"http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0000529"}, "username"=>"tylerb18", "article_id"=>"13779854"}

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{"title"=>"Pavlov's Cockroach: Classical Conditioning of Salivation in an Insect", "type"=>"journal", "authors"=>[{"first_name"=>"Hidehiro", "last_name"=>"Watanabe", "scopus_author_id"=>"55738351900"}, {"first_name"=>"Makoto", "last_name"=>"Mizunami", "scopus_author_id"=>"7004082147"}], "year"=>2007, "source"=>"PLoS ONE", "identifiers"=>{"sgr"=>"44649129591", "pmid"=>"17565382", "pui"=>"365784475", "isbn"=>"1932-6203", "scopus"=>"2-s2.0-44649129591", "doi"=>"10.1371/journal.pone.0000529", "issn"=>"19326203"}, "id"=>"082e03fc-5086-3c05-a7ce-6b6ded9fee71", "abstract"=>"Secretion of saliva to aid swallowing and digestion is an important physiological function found in many vertebrates and invertebrates. Pavlov reported classical conditioning of salivation in dogs a century ago. Conditioning of salivation, however, has been so far reported only in dogs and humans, and its underlying neural mechanisms remain elusive because of the complexity of the mammalian brain. We previously reported that, in cockroaches Periplaneta americana, salivary neurons that control salivation exhibited increased responses to an odor after conditioning trials in which the odor was paired with sucrose solution. However, no direct evidence of conditioning of salivation was obtained. In this study, we investigated the effects of conditioning trials on the level of salivation. Untrained cockroaches exhibited salivary responses to sucrose solution applied to the mouth but not to peppermint or vanilla odor applied to an antenna. After differential conditioning trials in which an odor was paired with sucrose solution and another odor was presented without pairing with sucrose solution, sucrose-associated odor induced an increase in the level of salivation, but the odor presented alone did not. The conditioning effect lasted for one day after conditioning trials. This study demonstrates, for the first time, classical conditioning of salivation in species other than dogs and humans, thereby providing the first evidence of sophisticated neural control of autonomic function in insects. The results provide a useful model system for studying cellular basis of conditioning of salivation in the simpler nervous system of insects.", "link"=>"http://www.mendeley.com/research/pavlovs-cockroach-classical-conditioning-salivation-insect", "reader_count"=>94, "reader_count_by_academic_status"=>{"Professor > Associate Professor"=>6, "Librarian"=>1, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>4, "Researcher"=>21, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>21, "Student > Postgraduate"=>4, "Student > Master"=>7, "Other"=>6, "Student > Bachelor"=>16, "Lecturer"=>1, "Professor"=>7}, "reader_count_by_user_role"=>{"Professor > Associate Professor"=>6, "Librarian"=>1, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>4, "Researcher"=>21, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>21, "Student > Postgraduate"=>4, "Student > Master"=>7, "Other"=>6, "Student > Bachelor"=>16, "Lecturer"=>1, "Professor"=>7}, "reader_count_by_subject_area"=>{"Unspecified"=>3, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>58, "Arts and Humanities"=>1, "Philosophy"=>1, "Computer Science"=>1, "Engineering"=>3, "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>4, "Materials Science"=>1, "Medicine and Dentistry"=>3, "Neuroscience"=>3, "Sports and Recreations"=>1, "Psychology"=>14, "Social Sciences"=>1}, "reader_count_by_subdiscipline"=>{"Materials Science"=>{"Materials Science"=>1}, "Medicine and Dentistry"=>{"Medicine and Dentistry"=>3}, "Social Sciences"=>{"Social Sciences"=>1}, "Sports and Recreations"=>{"Sports and Recreations"=>1}, "Psychology"=>{"Psychology"=>14}, "Unspecified"=>{"Unspecified"=>3}, "Arts and Humanities"=>{"Arts and Humanities"=>1}, "Engineering"=>{"Engineering"=>3}, "Neuroscience"=>{"Neuroscience"=>3}, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>{"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>58}, "Computer Science"=>{"Computer Science"=>1}, "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>{"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>4}, "Philosophy"=>{"Philosophy"=>1}}, "reader_count_by_country"=>{"United States"=>6, "Egypt"=>1, "United Kingdom"=>2, "France"=>1, "Chile"=>2, "Germany"=>3}, "group_count"=>5}

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• http://doi.org/10.1002/cne.22452
• http://doi.org/10.3330/hikakuseiriseika.30.89
• http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0160531
• http://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18112279
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2013.01.010
• http://doi.org/10.3390/ijms15010629
• http://doi.org/10.1002/wcs.1348
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2013.02.021
• http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00638.x
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.08.022
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.05.066
• http://doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjr023
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.nlm.2008.03.009
• http://doi.org/10.1002/cne.24108
• http://doi.org/10.1186/s40851-014-0008-6
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphysparis.2014.07.001
• http://doi.org/10.1080/10888705.2017.1283225
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.nlm.2011.08.010
• http://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-031616-035500
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2010.04.034
• http://doi.org/10.1002/arch.20365

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• {"type"=>"COMMENT", "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/annotation/729", "title"=>"CNS functions in \"lower animals\"", "body"=>"An excellent study. I doubt that conditioning has not been done on other experimental animals (rats, mice), but nevertheless, this manuscript belongs to those that clearly show that some of the \"human\" central nervous functions are reproducible even in \"lower animals\". I think, it is a matter of time & research effort till most of the CNS functions are reproduced.", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2007-06-30T06:14:20Z", "lastModified"=>"2007-06-30T06:14:20Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"87935"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>false, "hasCompetingInterests"=>false}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0000529", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSONE"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSONE", "eIssn"=>"1932-6203", "title"=>"PLOS ONE"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>0, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2007-06-30T06:14:20Z", "replies"=>[]}

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• {"domain"=>"self.Mcat", "banned_by"=>nil, "media_embed"=>{}, "subreddit"=>"Mcat", "selftext_html"=>"<!-- SC_OFF --><div class=\"md\"><p><a href=\"http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0000529\">http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0000529</a></p>\n\n<p><em>Pavlov's Cockroach: Classical Conditioning of Salivation in an Insect</em></p>\n\n<p><strong>1) According to Fig 1, what was the conditioned stimulus?</strong></p>\n\n<p>a) Sucrose</p>\n\n<p>b) Vanilla odor</p>\n\n<p>c) Saliva </p>\n\n<p>d) Apples </p>\n\n<p><strong>2) Which lobe is the brain is responsible for the processing of visual and auditory information, respectively?</strong></p>\n\n<p>a) Frontal, Temporal </p>\n\n<p>b) Parietal, Occipital </p>\n\n<p>c) Frontal, Occipital </p>\n\n<p>d) Occipital, Temporal </p>\n\n<p><strong>3) What would be a better way to see the effects of classical conditioning in cockroaches rather than keeping cockroaches fixed in a single place, antenna stapled, and wings cut?</strong> </p>\n\n<p>a) Have cockroaches with limited mobility learn to associate the smell of vanilla to mean the availability of vanilla </p>\n\n<p>b) Have cockroaches with limited mobility learn to associate the smell of sucrose with the availability of sucrose </p>\n\n<p>c) Have free roaming cockroaches associate an odor, such as sucrose, to the availability of sucrose </p>\n\n<p>d) Have free roaming cockroaches associate an odor, such as peppermint, to the availability of sucrose</p>\n\n<p><strong>4) Salivation is regulated by the peripheral nervous system (PNS), specifically the autonomic nervous system (ANS). During periods of high stress response, which part of the ANS will respond and what effect will it have on salivation during highly stressful conditions (such as running from a bear)?</strong></p>\n\n<p>a) SNS, increased salivation </p>\n\n<p>b) SNS, decreased salivation </p>\n\n<p>c) PNS, increased salivation </p>\n\n<p>d) PNS, decreased salivation </p>\n\n<p><strong>5) In Pavlov’s experiment, a bell was used to make dogs associate the ringing sound with food and caused dogs to salivate. The associated bell sound served as a(n)</strong></p>\n\n<p>a) Conditioned response </p>\n\n<p>b) Conditioned stimulus </p>\n\n<p>c) Unconditioned response</p>\n\n<p>d) Unconditioned stimulus </p>\n\n<p><strong>6) In humans, important enzymes found in saliva are responsible for the breakdown of starch and fats. The names of these specific enzymes are</strong> </p>\n\n<p>a) Oxidoreductase, Lyase </p>\n\n<p>b) Hydrolase, Ligase </p>\n\n<p>c) Amylase, Lipase </p>\n\n<p>d) Kinase, Hydrolase </p>\n\n<p><strong>[07/15 ARTICLE QA] Answers and Explanations</strong></p>\n\n<p>1) D, ANP is the opposite of ADH and Aldosterone, it is released when there is high blood pressure in the circulatory system and causes an increase in urination/decrease in water reabsorption. </p>\n\n<p>2) B, similar to the explanation to question 1, it is the only hormone out of the three that is released by the heart and decreases blood pressure. </p>\n\n<p>3) B, ANP=decrease blood pressure, ADH=increase blood pressure. </p>\n\n<p>4) B, I only gave the molecular weight, so the only way to separate them was based on MW. Size-exclusion is the only one that separates based on size out of PAGE, Affinity, and Ion-Exchange.</p>\n\n<p>5) D, we are told the researchers had a "blockade of angiotensin II (Ang II) type 1 receptors with losartan", and if the receptors were blocked then Ag 2 will not be able to complete the RAAS pathway, causing a decrease in blood pressure. </p>\n\n<p>6) C, know the flow of blood through the heart, especially the correct order of AV and SL valves! </p>\n\n<p><a href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/Mcat/comments/3aswqg/0623_article_qa_sperm_mice_and_atp/?ref=share&ref_source=link\">[06/23 ARTICLE QA]</a></p>\n\n<p><a href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/Mcat/comments/3axcef/0624_article_qa_drosophila_halloween_genes_and/?ref=share&ref_source=link\">[06/24 ARTICLE QA]</a></p>\n\n<p><a href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/Mcat/comments/3b1hmr/0625_article_qa_math_anxiety_metacognition_and/?ref=share&ref_source=link\">[06/25 ARTICLE QA]</a></p>\n\n<p><a href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/Mcat/comments/3b5ynb/0626_article_qa_cystic_fibrosis_hemoglobin_and/?ref=share&ref_source=link\">[06/26 ARTICLE QA]</a></p>\n\n<p><a href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/Mcat/comments/3ba39p/0627_article_qa_amino_acids_fanconis_syndrome_and/?ref=share&ref_source=link\">[06/27 ARTICLE QA]</a></p>\n\n<p><a href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/Mcat/comments/3bgwx4/0629_article_qa_1_urea_bedrest_and_mass_0627/?ref=share&ref_source=link\">[06/29 ARTICLE QA #1]</a></p>\n\n<p><a href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/Mcat/comments/3bgxas/0629_article_qa_2/?ref=share&ref_source=link\">[06/29 ARTICLE QA #2]</a></p>\n\n<p><a href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/Mcat/comments/3bl7p0/0630_article_qa_sea_urchins_acidic_mutations_and/?ref=sh\">[06/30 ARTICLE QA]</a></p>\n\n<p><a href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/Mcat/comments/3bpcrq/0701_article_qa_glucagon_calcium_and_alpha_cells/?ref=share&ref_source=link\">[07/01 ARTICLE QA]</a></p>\n\n<p><a href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/Mcat/comments/3btsu6/0702_article_qa_ethnic_differences_indigenous/?ref=share&ref_source=link\">[07/02 ARTICLE QA]</a></p>\n\n<p><a href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/Mcat/comments/3bxvrs/0703_article_qa_mm_kinetics_dgtpase_and_ecoli/?ref=share&ref_source=link\">[07/03 ARTICLE QA]</a></p>\n\n<p><a href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/Mcat/comments/3c2gwj/0704_happy_birthday_america_article_qa_dnaa/?ref=share&ref_source=link\">[07/04 ARTICLE QA]</a></p>\n\n<p><a href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/Mcat/comments/3cdhqz/0706_article_qa_1_diuretics_ace_inhibitors_and/?ref=share&ref_source=link\">[07/06 ARTICLE QA #1]</a></p>\n\n<p><a href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/Mcat/comments/3cdhwo/0706_article_qa_2_met_creatine_and_cell_death/?ref=share&ref_source=link\">[07/06 ARTICLE QA #2]</a></p>\n\n<p><a href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/Mcat/comments/3chuh5/0707_article_qa_his_kinases_and_atp_0706_article/?ref=share&ref_source=link\">[07/07 ARTICLE QA]</a></p>\n\n<p><a href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/Mcat/comments/3cm6lq/0708_article_qa_nak_transporters_penhx3_and_amino/?ref=share&ref_source=link\">[07/08 ARTICLE QA]</a></p>\n\n<p><a href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/Mcat/comments/3cqjl0/0709_article_qa_internet_addiction_depression_and/?ref=share&ref_source=link\">[07/09 ARTICLE QA]</a></p>\n\n<p><a href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/Mcat/comments/3cuwph/0710_article_qa_heroin_gabrb3_and_gaba_0709/?ref=share&ref_source=link\">[07/10 ARTICLE QA]</a></p>\n\n<p><a href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/Mcat/comments/3cy3t0/0711_article_qa_cognitive_functioning_physical/?ref=share&ref_source=link\">[07/11 ARTICLE QA]</a></p>\n\n<p><a href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/Mcat/comments/3d7fjk/0713_article_qa1_mice_rfx2_and_spermatogenesis/?ref=share&ref_source=link\">[07/13 ARTICLE QA#1]</a> </p>\n\n<p><a href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/Mcat/comments/3d7fgk/0713_article_qa2_blue_light_arousal_and/?ref=share&ref_source=link\">[07/13 ARTICLE QA#2]</a></p>\n\n<p><a href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/Mcat/comments/3dfphq/0715_article_qa_anp_camels_and_heart_0714_article/?ref=share&ref_source=link\">[07/15 ARTICLE QA]</a></p>\n</div><!-- SC_ON -->", "selftext"=>"http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0000529\n\n*Pavlov's Cockroach: Classical Conditioning of Salivation in an Insect*\n\n**1) According to Fig 1, what was the conditioned stimulus?**\n\na) Sucrose\n\nb) Vanilla odor\n\nc) Saliva \n\nd) Apples \n\n**2) Which lobe is the brain is responsible for the processing of visual and auditory information, respectively?**\n\na) Frontal, Temporal \n\nb) Parietal, Occipital \n\nc) Frontal, Occipital \n\nd) Occipital, Temporal \n \n**3) What would be a better way to see the effects of classical conditioning in cockroaches rather than keeping cockroaches fixed in a single place, antenna stapled, and wings cut?** \n\na) Have cockroaches with limited mobility learn to associate the smell of vanilla to mean the availability of vanilla \n\nb) Have cockroaches with limited mobility learn to associate the smell of sucrose with the availability of sucrose \n\nc) Have free roaming cockroaches associate an odor, such as sucrose, to the availability of sucrose \n\nd) Have free roaming cockroaches associate an odor, such as peppermint, to the availability of sucrose\n\n**4) Salivation is regulated by the peripheral nervous system (PNS), specifically the autonomic nervous system (ANS). During periods of high stress response, which part of the ANS will respond and what effect will it have on salivation during highly stressful conditions (such as running from a bear)?**\n\na) SNS, increased salivation \n\nb) SNS, decreased salivation \n\nc) PNS, increased salivation \n\nd) PNS, decreased salivation \n\n**5) In Pavlov’s experiment, a bell was used to make dogs associate the ringing sound with food and caused dogs to salivate. The associated bell sound served as a(n)**\n\na) Conditioned response \n\nb) Conditioned stimulus \n\nc) Unconditioned response\n\nd) Unconditioned stimulus \n\n**6) In humans, important enzymes found in saliva are responsible for the breakdown of starch and fats. The names of these specific enzymes are** \n\na) Oxidoreductase, Lyase \n\nb) Hydrolase, Ligase \n\nc) Amylase, Lipase \n\nd) Kinase, Hydrolase \n\n**[07/15 ARTICLE QA] Answers and Explanations**\n\n1) D, ANP is the opposite of ADH and Aldosterone, it is released when there is high blood pressure in the circulatory system and causes an increase in urination/decrease in water reabsorption. \n\n2) B, similar to the explanation to question 1, it is the only hormone out of the three that is released by the heart and decreases blood pressure. \n\n3) B, ANP=decrease blood pressure, ADH=increase blood pressure. \n\n4) B, I only gave the molecular weight, so the only way to separate them was based on MW. Size-exclusion is the only one that separates based on size out of PAGE, Affinity, and Ion-Exchange.\n\n5) D, we are told the researchers had a \"blockade of angiotensin II (Ang II) type 1 receptors with losartan\", and if the receptors were blocked then Ag 2 will not be able to complete the RAAS pathway, causing a decrease in blood pressure. \n\n6) C, know the flow of blood through the heart, especially the correct order of AV and SL valves! \n\n[[06/23 ARTICLE QA]](https://www.reddit.com/r/Mcat/comments/3aswqg/0623_article_qa_sperm_mice_and_atp/?ref=share&ref_source=link)\n\n[[06/24 ARTICLE QA]](https://www.reddit.com/r/Mcat/comments/3axcef/0624_article_qa_drosophila_halloween_genes_and/?ref=share&ref_source=link)\n\n[[06/25 ARTICLE QA]](https://www.reddit.com/r/Mcat/comments/3b1hmr/0625_article_qa_math_anxiety_metacognition_and/?ref=share&ref_source=link)\n\n[[06/26 ARTICLE QA]]\n(https://www.reddit.com/r/Mcat/comments/3b5ynb/0626_article_qa_cystic_fibrosis_hemoglobin_and/?ref=share&ref_source=link)\n\n[[06/27 ARTICLE QA]](https://www.reddit.com/r/Mcat/comments/3ba39p/0627_article_qa_amino_acids_fanconis_syndrome_and/?ref=share&ref_source=link)\n\n[[06/29 ARTICLE QA #1]](https://www.reddit.com/r/Mcat/comments/3bgwx4/0629_article_qa_1_urea_bedrest_and_mass_0627/?ref=share&ref_source=link)\n\n[[06/29 ARTICLE QA #2]](https://www.reddit.com/r/Mcat/comments/3bgxas/0629_article_qa_2/?ref=share&ref_source=link)\n\n[[06/30 ARTICLE QA]] (https://www.reddit.com/r/Mcat/comments/3bl7p0/0630_article_qa_sea_urchins_acidic_mutations_and/?ref=sh)\n\n[[07/01 ARTICLE QA]](https://www.reddit.com/r/Mcat/comments/3bpcrq/0701_article_qa_glucagon_calcium_and_alpha_cells/?ref=share&ref_source=link)\n\n[[07/02 ARTICLE QA]](https://www.reddit.com/r/Mcat/comments/3btsu6/0702_article_qa_ethnic_differences_indigenous/?ref=share&ref_source=link)\n\n[[07/03 ARTICLE QA]](https://www.reddit.com/r/Mcat/comments/3bxvrs/0703_article_qa_mm_kinetics_dgtpase_and_ecoli/?ref=share&ref_source=link)\n\n[[07/04 ARTICLE QA]](https://www.reddit.com/r/Mcat/comments/3c2gwj/0704_happy_birthday_america_article_qa_dnaa/?ref=share&ref_source=link)\n\n[[07/06 ARTICLE QA #1]](https://www.reddit.com/r/Mcat/comments/3cdhqz/0706_article_qa_1_diuretics_ace_inhibitors_and/?ref=share&ref_source=link)\n\n[[07/06 ARTICLE QA #2]](https://www.reddit.com/r/Mcat/comments/3cdhwo/0706_article_qa_2_met_creatine_and_cell_death/?ref=share&ref_source=link)\n\n[[07/07 ARTICLE QA]](https://www.reddit.com/r/Mcat/comments/3chuh5/0707_article_qa_his_kinases_and_atp_0706_article/?ref=share&ref_source=link)\n\n[[07/08 ARTICLE QA]](https://www.reddit.com/r/Mcat/comments/3cm6lq/0708_article_qa_nak_transporters_penhx3_and_amino/?ref=share&ref_source=link)\n\n[[07/09 ARTICLE QA]](https://www.reddit.com/r/Mcat/comments/3cqjl0/0709_article_qa_internet_addiction_depression_and/?ref=share&ref_source=link)\n\n[[07/10 ARTICLE QA]](https://www.reddit.com/r/Mcat/comments/3cuwph/0710_article_qa_heroin_gabrb3_and_gaba_0709/?ref=share&ref_source=link)\n\n[[07/11 ARTICLE QA]](https://www.reddit.com/r/Mcat/comments/3cy3t0/0711_article_qa_cognitive_functioning_physical/?ref=share&ref_source=link)\n\n[[07/13 ARTICLE QA#1]](https://www.reddit.com/r/Mcat/comments/3d7fjk/0713_article_qa1_mice_rfx2_and_spermatogenesis/?ref=share&ref_source=link) \n\n[[07/13 ARTICLE QA#2]](https://www.reddit.com/r/Mcat/comments/3d7fgk/0713_article_qa2_blue_light_arousal_and/?ref=share&ref_source=link)\n\n[[07/15 ARTICLE QA]](https://www.reddit.com/r/Mcat/comments/3dfphq/0715_article_qa_anp_camels_and_heart_0714_article/?ref=share&ref_source=link)", "likes"=>nil, "suggested_sort"=>nil, "user_reports"=>[], "secure_media"=>nil, "link_flair_text"=>nil, "id"=>"3dkgn3", "from_kind"=>nil, "gilded"=>0, "archived"=>true, "clicked"=>false, "report_reasons"=>nil, "author"=>"rkumar3", "media"=>nil, "score"=>3, "approved_by"=>nil, "over_18"=>false, "hidden"=>false, "num_comments"=>0, "thumbnail"=>"self", "subreddit_id"=>"t5_2saxp", "hide_score"=>false, "edited"=>false, "link_flair_css_class"=>nil, "author_flair_css_class"=>"", "downs"=>0, "secure_media_embed"=>{}, "saved"=>false, "removal_reason"=>nil, "stickied"=>false, "from"=>nil, "is_self"=>true, "from_id"=>nil, "permalink"=>"/r/Mcat/comments/3dkgn3/0716_article_qa_cockroaches_classical/?ref=search_posts", "locked"=>false, "name"=>"t3_3dkgn3", "created"=>1437120786.0, "url"=>"https://www.reddit.com:80/r/Mcat/comments/3dkgn3/0716_article_qa_cockroaches_classical/", "author_flair_text"=>"Retaking Jan 22!", "quarantine"=>false, "title"=>"[07/16 ARTICLE QA] Cockroaches, Classical Conditioning, and Saliva + [07/15 ARTICLE QA] Answers and Explanations", "created_utc"=>1437091986.0, "distinguished"=>nil, "mod_reports"=>[], "visited"=>false, "num_reports"=>nil, "ups"=>3}

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• {"id"=>"305415607531216899", "text"=>"@prerana123 or I could just train one to salivate on comand! http://t.co/nLEzvmdk7k", "created_at"=>"2013-02-23T20:35:29Z", "user"=>"CPyrgaki", "user_name"=>"ChristinaPyrgaki", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2731345976/cdcbd73c5212d01dd375c72ecce08ca9_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"436055313624481792", "text"=>"Pavlov's Cockroach: Classical Conditioning of Salivation in an Insect -http://t.co/NGeGyVkMOK \nGot the same automatic tag from PLOS as mine", "created_at"=>"2014-02-19T08:31:02Z", "user"=>"cohenrap", "user_name"=>"Raphael cohen", "user_profile_image"=>"http://abs.twimg.com/sticky/default_profile_images/default_profile_0_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"495639042223263744", "text"=>"@kiwapon OH NO! But this is cute! Roaches drooling over peppermint and vanilla scents!! http://t.co/3UxkTatoaT xD", "created_at"=>"2014-08-02T18:35:30Z", "user"=>"onorobo", "user_name"=>"onorobo", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/479392763864027136/V4yOX_hS_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"853444855883857920", "text"=>"Pavlov's Cockroach: Classical Conditioning of Salivation in an Insect https://t.co/D6phdvOUKm", "created_at"=>"2017-04-16T03:08:04Z", "user"=>"biodagar", "user_name"=>"Leticia Mooney", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/806457671708655616/RCf-2TVu_normal.jpg"}

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Figshare

• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/948897"], "description"=>"<p>In one group of cockroaches, peppermint (solid line), vanilla (broken line) and apple odors (dotted line) were presented for 4 sec to an antenna with intervals of 6 min (A). In another two groups of cockroaches, 4 µl of 500 mM sucrose solution (solid line) or 5 M sodium chloride solution (dotted line) was presented to the mouth (C). The amount of saliva secreted from the salivary duct was measured every 1 min, and values are shown as means±s.e.m. For statistical evaluation, the amount of saliva secreted for a 2-min period after the onset of olfactory (B) or gustatory (D) stimulation (R; black bar) was compared with that before stimulation (R₀; white bar). Asterisks indicate the level of significance (** <0.01, NS>0.05; WCX-test).</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["salivation", "olfactory", "gustatory"], "article_id"=>619224, "categories"=>["Neuroscience"], "users"=>["Hidehiro Watanabe", "Makoto Mizunami"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0000529.g002", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>1, "page_views"=>14, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Changes_in_salivation_levels_upon_olfactory_A_B_or_gustatory_C_D_stimulations_/619224", "title"=>"Changes in salivation levels upon olfactory (A,B) or gustatory (C,D) stimulations.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2013-02-21 12:23:09"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/948962"], "description"=>"<p>In one group of cockroaches, peppermint (solid line), vanilla (broken line) and apple odors (dotted line) were presented to an antenna at 30 min after five P+/V− (A) or P−/V+ (D) forward-pairing trials. The odors were presented for 4 sec with intervals of 6 min. The amount of saliva secreted from the salivary duct was measured every 1 min, and values are shown as means±s.e.m. For statistical evaluation, the amount of saliva secreted for a 2-min period after the onset of stimulation (R; black bar) was compared with that before stimulation (R₀; white bar) at 30 min (B,E) or at 1 day (C,F) after five P+/V− or P−/V+ forward-pairing trials. Asterisks indicate the level of significance (** <0.01, NS>0.05; WCX-test).</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["salivation", "odors", "forward-pairing"], "article_id"=>619290, "categories"=>["Neuroscience"], "users"=>["Hidehiro Watanabe", "Makoto Mizunami"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0000529.g003", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>1, "page_views"=>12, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Changes_in_salivation_levels_in_response_to_odors_after_P_V_8722_A_8211_C_or_P_8722_V_D_8211_F_forward_pairing_trials_/619290", "title"=>"Changes in salivation levels in response to odors after P+/V− (A–C) or P−/V+ (D–F) forward-pairing trials.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2013-02-21 12:23:32"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/948827"], "description"=>"<p>(A), Set-up for measurement of the amount of saliva secretion is illustrated as a lateral view. The distal cut-stump of the salivary duct (SD) was inserted into a small plastic chamber, and the tip of the plastic chamber was covered with white Vaseline (dotted square) to prevent leakage of saliva. Saliva (shaded area) secreted from the SD was collected by a plastic capillary attached to a syringe every 1 min. The amount of secreted fluid was calculated from the length (L) of the fluid column. (B), Stimulus schedules for five P+/V− or P−/V+ forward-pairing trials. One P+/V− or P−/V+ forward-pairing trial consisted of the presentation of peppermint (shaded rectangles) or vanilla odor (hatched rectangles) to an antenna before the presentation of sucrose solution (white squares and white triangles) to the mouth and presentation of vanilla or peppermint odor without pairing with sucrose solution, respectively. (C), Stimulus schedules for five P+/V− backward-pairing trials. One P+/V− backward-pairing trial consisted of the presentation of peppermint odor after the presentation of sucrose solution and subsequent unpaired presentation of vanilla odor. (D), Stimulus schedule for unpaired presentation of peppermint and vanilla odors (CS alone). Peppermint and vanilla odors were alternately presented five times without pairing with sucrose solution. (E), Stimulus schedules for unpaired presentation of sucrose solution (US alone). Sucrose solution was presented five times without pairing with an odor. The duration of olfactory stimulus was 4 sec. The inter-stimulus intervals were 5 min in B–D and 10 min in E. The measurements of salivation responses to peppermint, vanilla and apple odors (Test; black squares) were performed at 30 min (B–E) or 1 day (B) after conditioning or control trials.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["neuroscience", "neuroscience/animal cognition", "neuroscience/behavioral neuroscience", "neuroscience/cognitive neuroscience"], "article_id"=>619155, "categories"=>["Neuroscience"], "users"=>["Hidehiro Watanabe", "Makoto Mizunami"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0000529.g001", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>1, "page_views"=>3, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Experimental_procedure_/619155", "title"=>"Experimental procedure.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2013-02-21 12:22:42"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/949030"], "description"=>"<p>In each of three groups of cockroaches, the amount of saliva secreted in response to peppermint, vanilla and apple odors was measured at 30 min after P+/V− backward (A), CS alone (B) or US alone (C) trials. The amounts of saliva were measured every 1 min, and values are shown as means±s.e.m. For statistical evaluation, the amount of saliva secreted for a 2-min period after the onset of olfactory stimulation (R; black bar) was compared with that before stimulation (R₀; white bar). Asterisks indicate the level of significance (** <0.01, NS>0.05; WCX-test).</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["salivation", "odors"], "article_id"=>619356, "categories"=>["Neuroscience"], "users"=>["Hidehiro Watanabe", "Makoto Mizunami"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0000529.g004", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>9, "page_views"=>12, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Changes_in_the_levels_of_salivation_in_response_to_odors_after_control_trials_/619356", "title"=>"Changes in the levels of salivation in response to odors after control trials.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2013-02-21 12:23:56"}

PMC Usage Stats | Further Information

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F1000Prime | Further Information

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• {"year"=>2018, "month"=>1, "doi"=>"10.1371/journal.pone.0000529", "f1000_id"=>"1087360", "url"=>"https://f1000.com/prime/1087360", "score"=>1, "classifications"=>[], "updated_at"=>"2018-01-29T09:40:11Z"}
• {"year"=>2018, "month"=>2, "doi"=>"10.1371/journal.pone.0000529", "f1000_id"=>"1087360", "url"=>"https://f1000.com/prime/1087360", "score"=>1, "classifications"=>[], "updated_at"=>"2018-02-26T09:40:12Z"}
• {"year"=>2018, "month"=>3, "doi"=>"10.1371/journal.pone.0000529", "f1000_id"=>"1087360", "url"=>"https://f1000.com/prime/1087360", "score"=>1, "classifications"=>[], "updated_at"=>"2018-03-26T08:40:12Z"}
• {"year"=>2018, "month"=>4, "doi"=>"10.1371/journal.pone.0000529", "f1000_id"=>"1087360", "url"=>"https://f1000.com/prime/1087360", "score"=>1, "classifications"=>[], "updated_at"=>"2018-04-30T08:40:12Z"}
• {"year"=>2018, "month"=>5, "doi"=>"10.1371/journal.pone.0000529", "f1000_id"=>"1087360", "url"=>"https://f1000.com/prime/1087360", "score"=>1, "classifications"=>[], "updated_at"=>"2018-05-28T08:40:13Z"}
• {"year"=>2018, "month"=>6, "doi"=>"10.1371/journal.pone.0000529", "f1000_id"=>"1087360", "url"=>"https://f1000.com/prime/1087360", "score"=>1, "classifications"=>[], "updated_at"=>"2018-06-25T08:40:12Z"}
• {"year"=>2018, "month"=>7, "doi"=>"10.1371/journal.pone.0000529", "f1000_id"=>"1087360", "url"=>"https://f1000.com/prime/1087360", "score"=>1, "classifications"=>[], "updated_at"=>"2018-07-30T08:40:14Z"}
• {"year"=>2018, "month"=>8, "doi"=>"10.1371/journal.pone.0000529", "f1000_id"=>"1087360", "url"=>"https://f1000.com/prime/1087360", "score"=>1, "classifications"=>[], "updated_at"=>"2018-08-27T08:40:13Z"}
• {"year"=>2018, "month"=>9, "doi"=>"10.1371/journal.pone.0000529", "f1000_id"=>"1087360", "url"=>"https://f1000.com/prime/1087360", "score"=>1, "classifications"=>[], "updated_at"=>"2018-09-24T08:40:12Z"}
• {"year"=>2018, "month"=>10, "doi"=>"10.1371/journal.pone.0000529", "f1000_id"=>"1087360", "url"=>"https://f1000.com/prime/1087360", "score"=>1, "classifications"=>[], "updated_at"=>"2018-10-29T08:40:12Z"}
• {"year"=>2018, "month"=>11, "doi"=>"10.1371/journal.pone.0000529", "f1000_id"=>"1087360", "url"=>"https://f1000.com/prime/1087360", "score"=>1, "classifications"=>[], "updated_at"=>"2018-11-26T09:40:14Z"}
• {"year"=>2018, "month"=>12, "doi"=>"10.1371/journal.pone.0000529", "f1000_id"=>"1087360", "url"=>"https://f1000.com/prime/1087360", "score"=>1, "classifications"=>[], "updated_at"=>"2018-12-31T09:40:24Z"}
• {"year"=>2019, "month"=>1, "doi"=>"10.1371/journal.pone.0000529", "f1000_id"=>"1087360", "url"=>"https://f1000.com/prime/1087360", "score"=>1, "classifications"=>[], "updated_at"=>"2019-01-28T09:40:14Z"}
• {"year"=>2019, "month"=>2, "doi"=>"10.1371/journal.pone.0000529", "f1000_id"=>"1087360", "url"=>"https://f1000.com/prime/1087360", "score"=>1, "classifications"=>[], "updated_at"=>"2019-02-25T09:40:16Z"}
• {"year"=>2019, "month"=>3, "doi"=>"10.1371/journal.pone.0000529", "f1000_id"=>"1087360", "url"=>"https://f1000.com/prime/1087360", "score"=>1, "classifications"=>[], "updated_at"=>"2019-03-25T08:40:12Z"}
• {"year"=>2019, "month"=>4, "doi"=>"10.1371/journal.pone.0000529", "f1000_id"=>"1087360", "url"=>"https://f1000.com/prime/1087360", "score"=>1, "classifications"=>[], "updated_at"=>"2019-04-29T08:40:15Z"}
• {"year"=>2019, "month"=>5, "doi"=>"10.1371/journal.pone.0000529", "f1000_id"=>"1087360", "url"=>"https://f1000.com/prime/1087360", "score"=>1, "classifications"=>[], "updated_at"=>"2019-05-27T08:40:23Z"}
• {"year"=>2019, "month"=>6, "doi"=>"10.1371/journal.pone.0000529", "f1000_id"=>"1087360", "url"=>"https://f1000.com/prime/1087360", "score"=>1, "classifications"=>[], "updated_at"=>"2019-06-24T08:40:14Z"}
• {"year"=>2019, "month"=>7, "doi"=>"10.1371/journal.pone.0000529", "f1000_id"=>"1087360", "url"=>"https://f1000.com/prime/1087360", "score"=>1, "classifications"=>[], "updated_at"=>"2019-07-29T08:40:14Z"}
• {"year"=>2019, "month"=>8, "doi"=>"10.1371/journal.pone.0000529", "f1000_id"=>"1087360", "url"=>"https://f1000.com/prime/1087360", "score"=>1, "classifications"=>[], "updated_at"=>"2019-08-26T08:40:16Z"}
• {"year"=>2019, "month"=>9, "doi"=>"10.1371/journal.pone.0000529", "f1000_id"=>"1087360", "url"=>"https://f1000.com/prime/1087360", "score"=>1, "classifications"=>[], "updated_at"=>"2019-09-30T08:40:14Z"}
• {"year"=>2019, "month"=>10, "doi"=>"10.1371/journal.pone.0000529", "f1000_id"=>"1087360", "url"=>"https://f1000.com/prime/1087360", "score"=>1, "classifications"=>[], "updated_at"=>"2019-10-28T08:40:16Z"}
• {"year"=>2019, "month"=>11, "doi"=>"10.1371/journal.pone.0000529", "f1000_id"=>"1087360", "url"=>"https://f1000.com/prime/1087360", "score"=>1, "classifications"=>[], "updated_at"=>"2019-11-25T09:40:19Z"}
• {"year"=>2019, "month"=>12, "doi"=>"10.1371/journal.pone.0000529", "f1000_id"=>"1087360", "url"=>"https://f1000.com/prime/1087360", "score"=>1, "classifications"=>[], "updated_at"=>"2019-12-02T09:40:16Z"}