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{"title"=>"Increasing oxygen radicals and water temperature select for toxic microcystis sp", "type"=>"journal", "authors"=>[{"first_name"=>"Claudia", "last_name"=>"Dziallas", "scopus_author_id"=>"29067669900"}, {"first_name"=>"Hans Peter", "last_name"=>"Grossart", "scopus_author_id"=>"6701843345"}], "year"=>2011, "source"=>"PLoS ONE", "identifiers"=>{"pmid"=>"21980492", "sgr"=>"80053257116", "scopus"=>"2-s2.0-80053257116", "isbn"=>"1932-6203 (Electronic)\\r1932-6203 (Linking)", "doi"=>"10.1371/journal.pone.0025569", "pui"=>"362648494", "issn"=>"19326203"}, "id"=>"fd0e221b-c68a-3249-b4a5-6e02cb8fdcc2", "abstract"=>"Pronounced rises in frequency of toxic cyanobacterial blooms are recently observed worldwide, particularly when temperatures increase. Different strains of cyanobacterial species vary in their potential to produce toxins but driving forces are still obscure. Our study examines effects of hydrogen peroxide on toxic and non-toxic (including a non-toxic mutant) strains of M. aeruginosa. Here we show that hydrogen peroxide diminishes chlorophyll a content and growth of cyanobacteria and that this reduction is significantly lower for toxic than for non-toxic strains. This indicates that microcystins protect from detrimental effects of oxygen radicals. Incubation of toxic and non-toxic strains of M. aeruginosa with other bacteria or without (axenic) at three temperatures (20, 26 and 32°C) reveals a shift toward toxic strains at higher temperatures. In parallel to increases in abundance of toxic (i.e. toxin gene possessing) strains and their actual toxin expression, concentrations of microcystins rise with temperature, when amounts of radicals are expected to be enhanced. Field samples from three continents support the influence of radicals and temperature on toxic potential of M. aeruginosa. Our results imply that global warming will significantly increase toxic potential and toxicity of cyanobacterial blooms which has strong implications for socio-economical assessments of global change.", "link"=>"http://www.mendeley.com/research/increasing-oxygen-radicals-water-temperature-select-toxic-microcystis-sp", "reader_count"=>65, "reader_count_by_academic_status"=>{"Unspecified"=>4, "Professor > Associate Professor"=>7, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>2, "Researcher"=>13, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>16, "Student > Postgraduate"=>5, "Student > Master"=>12, "Other"=>2, "Student > Bachelor"=>3, "Professor"=>1}, "reader_count_by_user_role"=>{"Unspecified"=>4, "Professor > Associate Professor"=>7, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>2, "Researcher"=>13, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>16, "Student > Postgraduate"=>5, "Student > Master"=>12, "Other"=>2, "Student > Bachelor"=>3, "Professor"=>1}, "reader_count_by_subject_area"=>{"Unspecified"=>12, "Engineering"=>1, "Environmental Science"=>18, "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>2, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>26, "Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science"=>2, "Physics and Astronomy"=>1, "Chemistry"=>2, "Earth and Planetary Sciences"=>1}, "reader_count_by_subdiscipline"=>{"Engineering"=>{"Engineering"=>1}, "Chemistry"=>{"Chemistry"=>2}, "Physics and Astronomy"=>{"Physics and Astronomy"=>1}, "Earth and Planetary Sciences"=>{"Earth and Planetary Sciences"=>1}, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>{"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>26}, "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>{"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>2}, "Unspecified"=>{"Unspecified"=>12}, "Environmental Science"=>{"Environmental Science"=>18}, "Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science"=>{"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science"=>2}}, "reader_count_by_country"=>{"Canada"=>1, "Denmark"=>1, "France"=>1}, "group_count"=>4}

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Figshare

• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/730839"], "description"=>"<p>Red circles symbolize toxic or toxin-producing cells, white circles non-toxic ones.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["microcystins"], "article_id"=>401197, "categories"=>["Ecology", "Microbiology"], "users"=>["Claudia Dziallas", "Hans-Peter Grossart"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0025569.g004", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>9, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Effects_of_temperature_and_associated_bacteria_on_toxic_potential_expression_and_production_of_microcystins_by_M_aeruginosa_/401197", "title"=>"Effects of temperature and associated bacteria on toxic potential, expression and production of microcystins by <i>M. aeruginosa</i>.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2011-09-28 00:19:57"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/730943"], "description"=>"<p>Fraction of toxin-producing cyanobacterial cells of total (expressed toxicity) and total number of toxin producing cyanobacteria (medians ± standard deviations).</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["toxin-producing", "cyanobacterial", "cells", "toxin", "producing", "cyanobacteria"], "article_id"=>401297, "categories"=>["Ecology", "Microbiology"], "users"=>["Claudia Dziallas", "Hans-Peter Grossart"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0025569.t001", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>1, "page_views"=>13, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Fraction_of_toxin_producing_cyanobacterial_cells_of_total_expressed_toxicity_and_total_number_of_toxin_producing_cyanobacteria_medians_177_standard_deviations_/401297", "title"=>"Fraction of toxin-producing cyanobacterial cells of total (expressed toxicity) and total number of toxin producing cyanobacteria (medians ± standard deviations).", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>3, "published_date"=>"2011-09-28 00:21:37"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/730695"], "description"=>"<p>Microcystin concentration per ml (medians with standard deviations) was measured at 20, 26 and 32°C of the axenic toxic strain HUB W333 a) without heterotrophic bacteria, b) with natural heterotrophic lake bacteria, c) with the non-toxic, axenic strain HUB 018. Statistical significance (Mann-Whitney) of the samples from 26 and 32°C with 20°C: * = p<0.05. Some of the data are pooled – for further information see text.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["dependence", "incubation"], "article_id"=>401052, "categories"=>["Ecology", "Microbiology"], "users"=>["Claudia Dziallas", "Hans-Peter Grossart"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0025569.g003", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>1, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Microcystin_concentration_of_M_aeruginosa_in_dependence_of_incubation_temperature_/401052", "title"=>"Microcystin concentration of <i>M. aeruginosa</i> in dependence of incubation temperature.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2011-09-28 00:17:32"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/368971", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/368984"], "description"=>"<div><p>Pronounced rises in frequency of toxic cyanobacterial blooms are recently observed worldwide, particularly when temperatures increase. Different strains of cyanobacterial species vary in their potential to produce toxins but driving forces are still obscure. Our study examines effects of hydrogen peroxide on toxic and non-toxic (including a non-toxic mutant) strains of <em>M. aeruginosa</em>. Here we show that hydrogen peroxide diminishes chlorophyll a content and growth of cyanobacteria and that this reduction is significantly lower for toxic than for non-toxic strains. This indicates that microcystins protect from detrimental effects of oxygen radicals. Incubation of toxic and non-toxic strains of <em>M. aeruginosa</em> with other bacteria or without (axenic) at three temperatures (20, 26 and 32°C) reveals a shift toward toxic strains at higher temperatures. In parallel to increases in abundance of toxic (i.e. toxin gene possessing) strains and their actual toxin expression, concentrations of microcystins rise with temperature, when amounts of radicals are expected to be enhanced. Field samples from three continents support the influence of radicals and temperature on toxic potential of <em>M. aeruginosa.</em> Our results imply that global warming will significantly increase toxic potential and toxicity of cyanobacterial blooms which has strong implications for socio-economical assessments of global change.</p> </div>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["radicals", "sp"], "article_id"=>132921, "categories"=>["Ecology", "Microbiology"], "users"=>["Claudia Dziallas", "Hans-Peter Grossart"], "doi"=>["https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0025569.s001", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0025569.s002"], "stats"=>{"downloads"=>3, "page_views"=>14, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/Increasing_Oxygen_Radicals_and_Water_Temperature_Select_for_Toxic_Microcystis_sp/132921", "title"=>"Increasing Oxygen Radicals and Water Temperature Select for Toxic <em>Microcystis</em> sp", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>4, "published_date"=>"2011-09-28 00:48:41"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/730533"], "description"=>"<p>a) after 4 days (daily H₂O₂ addition) for 2 toxic and 2 non-toxic strains (axenic), b) after 4 days (daily H₂O₂ addition) for wildtype PCC 7806 and its non-toxic mutant (xenic), c) 8 hours after H₂O₂ addition for toxic wildtype PCC 7806 and its non-toxic mutant (axenic plus <i>Pseudonocardia</i> sp.). Statistical significance (Mann-Whitney for a) and b) and T-test for c)) is given for comparison between toxic and non-toxic strains: * = p<0.05, ** = p<0.01.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["cultures", "incubation"], "article_id"=>400892, "categories"=>["Ecology", "Microbiology"], "users"=>["Claudia Dziallas", "Hans-Peter Grossart"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0025569.g001", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>1, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Chlorophyll_a_content_of_M_aeruginosa_cultures_after_incubation_with_H_2_O_2_/400892", "title"=>"Chlorophyll a content of <i>M. aeruginosa</i> cultures after incubation with H₂O₂.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2011-09-28 00:14:52"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/730630"], "description"=>"<p>Four different strains (two toxic and two non-toxic ones) were incubated in mixed cultures for 19 days at three different temperatures a) axenic, b) and c) with inoculation of heterotrophic bacteria from a nutrient-rich lake and a nutrient-poor lake, respectively. Statistical significance (Mann-Whitney) for comparison of the samples from 26 and 32°C with 20°C: * = p<0.05, *** = p<0.001.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["ratios", "non-toxic", "cells", "quartiles", "shown"], "article_id"=>400985, "categories"=>["Ecology", "Microbiology"], "users"=>["Claudia Dziallas", "Hans-Peter Grossart"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0025569.g002", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>0, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Toxic_potential_i_e_ratios_of_toxic_versus_non_toxic_cells_of_M_aeruginosa_medians_and_25_75_quartiles_are_shown_as_boxes_range_of_10_90_as_whiskers_/400985", "title"=>"Toxic potential, i.e. ratios of toxic versus non-toxic cells of <i>M. aeruginosa</i> (medians and 25/75% quartiles are shown as boxes, range of 10/90% as whiskers).", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2011-09-28 00:16:25"}

PMC Usage Stats | Further Information

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Relative Metric

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F1000Prime