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{"title"=>"Going solo: Discovery of the first parthenogenetic gordiid (nematomorpha: Gordiida)", "type"=>"journal", "authors"=>[{"first_name"=>"Ben", "last_name"=>"Hanelt", "scopus_author_id"=>"6603630553"}, {"first_name"=>"Matthew G.", "last_name"=>"Bolek", "scopus_author_id"=>"6604055226"}, {"first_name"=>"Andreas", "last_name"=>"Schmidt-Rhaesa", "scopus_author_id"=>"7003731480"}], "year"=>2012, "source"=>"PLoS ONE", "identifiers"=>{"sgr"=>"84859982570", "doi"=>"10.1371/journal.pone.0034472", "pui"=>"364660877", "pmid"=>"22529916", "scopus"=>"2-s2.0-84859982570", "issn"=>"19326203"}, "id"=>"7166150e-8fb0-34df-9c4a-6e912912a59a", "abstract"=>"Despite the severe fitness costs associated with sexual reproduction, its persistence and pervasiveness among multicellular organisms testifies to its intrinsic, short-term advantages. However, the reproductive assurance hypothesis predicts selection favoring asexual reproduction in sparse populations and when mate finding is difficult. Difficulties in finding mates is especially common in parasites, whose life cycles involve multiple hosts, or being released from the host into the external environment where the parasite can find itself trapped without a sexual partner. To solve this problem and guarantee reproduction, parasites in numerous phyla have evolved reproductive strategies, as predicted by the reproductive assurance hypothesis, such as hermaphroditism or parthenogenesis. However, this type of strategy has not been reported from species in the phylum Nematomorpha, whose populations have often been described as sparse. A new Nematomorpha species, Paragordius obamai n. sp., was discovered from Kenya, Africa, and appears to have solved the problem of being trapped without a mate by eliminating the need for males. Paragordius obamai n. sp. represents the first and only known species within this phylum to reproduce asexually. To determine the mechanism of this mating strategy, we ruled out the involvement of reproduction manipulating endosymbionts by use of next generation sequencing data, thus suggesting that parthenogenesis is determined genetically and may have evolved as a means to assure reproduction. Since this new parthenogenetic species and a closely related gonochoristic North American congener, P. varius, are easy to propagate in the laboratory, these gordiids can be used as model systems to test hypotheses on the genetic advantages and disadvantages of asexual reproduction and the genetic determinants of reproductive strategies in parasites.", "link"=>"http://www.mendeley.com/research/going-solo-discovery-first-parthenogenetic-gordiid-nematomorpha-gordiida", "reader_count"=>18, "reader_count_by_academic_status"=>{"Professor > Associate Professor"=>1, "Researcher"=>8, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>1, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>2, "Student > Postgraduate"=>1, "Student > Bachelor"=>5}, "reader_count_by_user_role"=>{"Professor > Associate Professor"=>1, "Researcher"=>8, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>1, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>2, "Student > Postgraduate"=>1, "Student > Bachelor"=>5}, "reader_count_by_subject_area"=>{"Unspecified"=>1, "Environmental Science"=>2, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>12, "Social Sciences"=>1, "Immunology and Microbiology"=>1, "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>1}, "reader_count_by_subdiscipline"=>{"Social Sciences"=>{"Social Sciences"=>1}, "Immunology and Microbiology"=>{"Immunology and Microbiology"=>1}, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>{"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>12}, "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>{"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>1}, "Unspecified"=>{"Unspecified"=>1}, "Environmental Science"=>{"Environmental Science"=>2}}, "reader_count_by_country"=>{"Belgium"=>1, "United States"=>3, "Brazil"=>1, "Portugal"=>1, "Germany"=>1}, "group_count"=>0}

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• http://doi.org/10.1645/12-62.1
• http://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.733.22798
• http://doi.org/10.1654/1525-2647-84.1.72
• http://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.566.6810
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2017.07.004
• http://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12484
• http://doi.org/10.1111/1755-0998.12107
• http://doi.org/10.3897/zse.92.10351

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• {"referral"=>"http://www.sciencemag.org/node/2350478", "language"=>"English", "title"=>"These nine different creatures have been named after Barack Obama | Science | AAAS", "type"=>"Blog", "publication"=>"Science | AAAS", "published_on"=>"", "link_state"=>"APPROVED"}

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• {"id"=>"238644411913883648", "text"=>"#PLOS Paragordius obamai! Maybe a bit odd that it is parthenogenetic. http://t.co/lL4DlMgY", "created_at"=>"2012-08-23T14:30:36Z", "user"=>"EvolGenomology", "user_name"=>"Philipp Schiffer", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2492575604/image_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"377614646217166849", "text"=>"Cool paper on asexual hairworm from Kenya http://t.co/Q9iEPzBime and story of its name/discover (named after Obama) http://t.co/xLDR5JJ9AC", "created_at"=>"2013-09-11T02:08:42Z", "user"=>"ZombieAntGuy", "user_name"=>"David Hughes ", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3222739153/79b46e5de6e14aab4e5dfe2ae75eb949_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"377769464055336960", "text"=>"RT @ZombieAntGuy: Cool paper on asexual hairworm from Kenya http://t.co/Q9iEPzBime and story of its name/discover (named after Obama) http:…", "created_at"=>"2013-09-11T12:23:53Z", "user"=>"AmSocParasit", "user_name"=>"ASP-Parasitologists", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/378800000092435677/c9508936931751e71aab66555aa89852_normal.jpeg"}

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• {"title"=>"Pferdehaarwürmer", "url"=>"http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pferdehaarwürmer", "timestamp"=>"2018-12-24T08:28:00Z"}

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Figshare

• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/335266", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/335307", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/335362", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/335406", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/335482"], "description"=>"<div><p>Despite the severe fitness costs associated with sexual reproduction, its persistence and pervasiveness among multicellular organisms testifies to its intrinsic, short-term advantages. However, the reproductive assurance hypothesis predicts selection favoring asexual reproduction in sparse populations and when mate finding is difficult. Difficulties in finding mates is especially common in parasites, whose life cycles involve multiple hosts, or being released from the host into the external environment where the parasite can find itself trapped without a sexual partner. To solve this problem and guarantee reproduction, parasites in numerous phyla have evolved reproductive strategies, as predicted by the reproductive assurance hypothesis, such as hermaphroditism or parthenogenesis. However, this type of strategy has not been reported from species in the phylum Nematomorpha, whose populations have often been described as sparse. A new Nematomorpha species, <em>Paragordius obamai</em> n. sp., was discovered from Kenya, Africa, and appears to have solved the problem of being trapped without a mate by eliminating the need for males. <em>Paragordius obamai</em> n. sp. represents the first and only known species within this phylum to reproduce asexually. To determine the mechanism of this mating strategy, we ruled out the involvement of reproduction manipulating endosymbionts by use of next generation sequencing data, thus suggesting that parthenogenesis is determined genetically and may have evolved as a means to assure reproduction. Since this new parthenogenetic species and a closely related gonochoristic North American congener, <em>P. varius</em>, are easy to propagate in the laboratory, these gordiids can be used as model systems to test hypotheses on the genetic advantages and disadvantages of asexual reproduction and the genetic determinants of reproductive strategies in parasites.</p> </div>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["going", "parthenogenetic", "gordiid"], "article_id"=>126238, "categories"=>["Physiology", "Microbiology", "Evolutionary Biology"], "users"=>["Ben Hanelt", "Matthew G. Bolek", "Andreas Schmidt-Rhaesa"], "doi"=>["https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0034472.s001", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0034472.s002", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0034472.s003", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0034472.s004", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0034472.s005"], "stats"=>{"downloads"=>2, "page_views"=>38, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/Going_Solo_Discovery_of_the_First_Parthenogenetic_Gordiid_Nematomorpha_Gordiida_/126238", "title"=>"Going Solo: Discovery of the First Parthenogenetic Gordiid (Nematomorpha: Gordiida)", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>4, "published_date"=>"2012-04-18 01:43:58"}
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• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/651176"], "description"=>"<p>Gordiid adults normally pair and mate in aquatic environments such as rivers, streams, lakes, and ponds. Ovipositioning begins within hours to days and can last as long as 2–3 weeks and produces several million eggs. Larvae hatch within 10–14 days, are non-buoyant, and do not swim. Upon consumption, using their proboscis, larvae penetrate and encyst within a wide variety of aquatic animals, including fish, snails, crustaceans, and aquatic insect larvae. Of these hosts, only aquatic insect larvae transport the cysts to the terrestrial environment after metamorphosis (dashed line), where the hosts and the cysts are consumed by the insect definitive host. Many hosts containing cysts, such as snails, which are not normally consumed by the definitive host, are considered dead-end hosts. Within the definitive host, cysts excyst and the larvae penetrate and develop within the hemocoel. Upon maturation, worms manipulate host behavior to jump into water, enabling the worms to make a successful transition from the terrestrial to the aquatic environment.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["gordiid"], "article_id"=>321672, "categories"=>["Physiology", "Microbiology", "Evolutionary Biology"], "users"=>["Ben Hanelt", "Matthew G. Bolek", "Andreas Schmidt-Rhaesa"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0034472.g001", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>12, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Typical_gordiid_life_cycle_/321672", "title"=>"Typical gordiid life cycle.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2012-04-18 00:27:52"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/651355"], "description"=>"<p>Female worm (brown) in the process of laying egg strings (white) containing eggs: (A) showing trilobed posterior end; (B) a worm and about 15% of total lifetime egg production. Scale bars = 2 mm.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["laying"], "article_id"=>321859, "categories"=>["Physiology", "Microbiology", "Evolutionary Biology"], "users"=>["Ben Hanelt", "Matthew G. Bolek", "Andreas Schmidt-Rhaesa"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0034472.g002", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>0, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Paragordius_obamai_n_sp_female_laying_eggs_/321859", "title"=>"<i>Paragordius obamai</i> n. sp. female laying eggs.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2012-04-18 00:30:59"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/651816"], "description"=>"<p><i>Paragordius</i> spp. distribution and the status of male descriptions for each species.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["descriptions"], "article_id"=>322321, "categories"=>["Physiology", "Microbiology", "Evolutionary Biology"], "users"=>["Ben Hanelt", "Matthew G. Bolek", "Andreas Schmidt-Rhaesa"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0034472.t001", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>1, "page_views"=>6, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Paragordius_spp_distribution_and_the_status_of_male_descriptions_for_each_species_/322321", "title"=>"<i>Paragordius</i> spp. distribution and the status of male descriptions for each species.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>3, "published_date"=>"2012-04-18 00:38:41"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/651528"], "description"=>"<p>(A) longitudinal ridges, from which long cuticular bristles emerge on the inside of the tail lobes, and (B) hemispherical structures on the mid-body surface. Abbreviations: PCR, parallel cuticular ridges; CB, cuticular bristles; HS, hemispherical structures. Scale bars = 10 µm.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["microbiology", "physiology", "Evolutionary biology"], "article_id"=>322024, "categories"=>["Physiology", "Microbiology", "Evolutionary Biology"], "users"=>["Ben Hanelt", "Matthew G. Bolek", "Andreas Schmidt-Rhaesa"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0034472.g003", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>1, "page_views"=>6, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Paragordius_obamai_n_sp_cuticle_/322024", "title"=>"<i>Paragordius obamai</i> n. sp. cuticle.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2012-04-18 00:33:44"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/651641"], "description"=>"<p>(A) free living larva and (B) cyst within <i>Biomphalaria pfeifferi</i> snail. Abbreviations: PS, pseudointestine; SPC, spine in crown; PRS, protruding spines. Scale bars = 10 µm.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["microbiology", "physiology", "Evolutionary biology"], "article_id"=>322136, "categories"=>["Physiology", "Microbiology", "Evolutionary Biology"], "users"=>["Ben Hanelt", "Matthew G. Bolek", "Andreas Schmidt-Rhaesa"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0034472.g004", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>1, "page_views"=>10, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Paragordius_obamai_n_sp_/322136", "title"=>"<i>Paragordius obamai</i> n. sp.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2012-04-18 00:35:36"}

PMC Usage Stats | Further Information

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Relative Metric

{"start_date"=>"2012-01-01T00:00:00Z", "end_date"=>"2012-12-31T00:00:00Z", "subject_areas"=>[{"subject_area"=>"/Biology and life sciences/Molecular biology", "average_usage"=>[324, 551, 679, 782, 879, 971, 1064, 1154, 1245, 1328, 1406, 1476, 1541, 1617, 1683, 1754, 1818, 1893, 1962, 2025, 2092, 2164, 2227, 2294, 2355]}, {"subject_area"=>"/Biology and life sciences/Parasitology", "average_usage"=>[352, 609, 728, 831, 918, 998, 1091, 1195, 1289, 1369, 1442, 1504, 1573, 1647, 1722, 1799, 1877, 1938, 2013, 2106, 2166, 2242, 2306, 2371, 2452]}]}

F1000Prime