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{"title"=>"Birds of a Feather: Neanderthal Exploitation of Raptors and Corvids", "type"=>"journal", "authors"=>[{"first_name"=>"Clive", "last_name"=>"Finlayson", "scopus_author_id"=>"25821841300"}, {"first_name"=>"Kimberly", "last_name"=>"Brown", "scopus_author_id"=>"55343903600"}, {"first_name"=>"Ruth", "last_name"=>"Blasco", "scopus_author_id"=>"23099008800"}, {"first_name"=>"Jordi", "last_name"=>"Rosell", "scopus_author_id"=>"35747067100"}, {"first_name"=>"Juan José", "last_name"=>"Negro", "scopus_author_id"=>"7005076476"}, {"first_name"=>"Gary R.", "last_name"=>"Bortolotti", "scopus_author_id"=>"7005648561"}, {"first_name"=>"Geraldine", "last_name"=>"Finlayson", "scopus_author_id"=>"7005300842"}, {"first_name"=>"Antonio", "last_name"=>"Sánchez Marco", "scopus_author_id"=>"6508189110"}, {"first_name"=>"Francisco", "last_name"=>"Giles Pacheco", "scopus_author_id"=>"15046621600"}, {"first_name"=>"Joaquín", "last_name"=>"Rodríguez Vidal", "scopus_author_id"=>"6603358835"}, {"first_name"=>"José S.", "last_name"=>"Carrión", "scopus_author_id"=>"35512188400"}, {"first_name"=>"Darren A.", "last_name"=>"Fa", "scopus_author_id"=>"6506238576"}, {"first_name"=>"José M.", "last_name"=>"Rodríguez Llanes", "scopus_author_id"=>"27467726800"}], "year"=>2012, "source"=>"PLoS ONE", "identifiers"=>{"issn"=>"19326203", "scopus"=>"2-s2.0-84866443111", "pui"=>"365675387", "doi"=>"10.1371/journal.pone.0045927", "isbn"=>"1932-6203 (Electronic)\\r1932-6203 (Linking)", "sgr"=>"84866443111", "pmid"=>"23029321"}, "id"=>"0f5b9e6a-7d1f-3a86-aa6c-6125ea5d95a2", "abstract"=>"The hypothesis that Neanderthals exploited birds for the use of their feathers or claws as personal ornaments in symbolic behaviour is revolutionary as it assigns unprecedented cognitive abilities to these hominins. This inference, however, is based on modest faunal samples and thus may not represent a regular or systematic behaviour. Here we address this issue by looking for evidence of such behaviour across a large temporal and geographical framework. Our analyses try to answer four main questions: 1) does a Neanderthal to raptor-corvid connection exist at a large scale, thus avoiding associations that might be regarded as local in space or time?; 2) did Middle (associated with Neanderthals) and Upper Palaeolithic (associated with modern humans) sites contain a greater range of these species than Late Pleistocene paleontological sites?; 3) is there a taphonomic association between Neanderthals and corvids-raptors at Middle Palaeolithic sites on Gibraltar, specifically Gorham's, Vanguard and Ibex Caves? and; 4) was the extraction of wing feathers a local phenomenon exclusive to the Neanderthals at these sites or was it a geographically wider phenomenon?. We compiled a database of 1699 Pleistocene Palearctic sites based on fossil bird sites. We also compiled a taphonomical database from the Middle Palaeolithic assemblages of Gibraltar. We establish a clear, previously unknown and widespread, association between Neanderthals, raptors and corvids. We show that the association involved the direct intervention of Neanderthals on the bones of these birds, which we interpret as evidence of extraction of large flight feathers. The large number of bones, the variety of species processed and the different temporal periods when the behaviour is observed, indicate that this was a systematic, geographically and temporally broad, activity that the Neanderthals undertook. Our results, providing clear evidence that Neanderthal cognitive capacities were comparable to those of Modern Humans, constitute a major advance in the study of human evolution.", "link"=>"http://www.mendeley.com/research/birds-feather-neanderthal-exploitation-raptors-corvids", "reader_count"=>180, "reader_count_by_academic_status"=>{"Unspecified"=>8, "Professor > Associate Professor"=>7, "Librarian"=>1, "Researcher"=>42, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>5, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>30, "Student > Postgraduate"=>7, "Student > Master"=>28, "Other"=>10, "Student > Bachelor"=>24, "Lecturer"=>3, "Lecturer > Senior Lecturer"=>1, "Professor"=>13}, "reader_count_by_user_role"=>{"Unspecified"=>8, "Professor > Associate Professor"=>7, "Librarian"=>1, "Researcher"=>42, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>5, "Student > Ph. D. 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• {"type"=>"COMMENT", "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/annotation/2ae77713-cb05-43a6-a48e-f52b2fdf6565", "title"=>"Media Coverage of This Article", "body"=>"The following articles represent some of the media coverage that has occurred for this paper:\n\nPublication: VOX Gibraltar \nTitle: “Vox Gibraltar News - Major study shows that Neanderthals were distinctly human”\nhttp://vox.gi/local/5976-major-study-shows-that-neanderthals-were-distinctly-human.html\n\nPublication: Live Science \nTitle: “Neanderthals May Have Worn Feathers | LiveScience”\nhttp://www.livescience.com/23278-neanderthals-feathers.html\n\nPublication: Smithsonian Blogs \nTitle: “The Rock of Gibraltar: Neanderthals' Last Refuge | Hominid Hunting”\nhttp://blogs.smithsonianmag.com/hominids/2012/09/the-rock-of-gibraltar-neanderthals-last-refuge/\n\nPublication: The National \nTitle: “Vanity of cavemen - The National”\nhttp://www.thenational.ae/thenationalconversation/editorial/vanity-of-cavemen\n\nPublication: Daily Mail \nTitle: “Changing fashions: Neanderthal man used bird feathers 'for decoration and ornaments' | Mail Online”\nhttp://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2204959/Changing-fashions-Neanderthal-man-used-bird-feathers-decoration-ornaments.html?ito=feeds-newsxml\n\nPublication: VOX Gibraltar \nTitle: “Vox Gibraltar News - MAJOR STUDY SHOWS THAT NEANDERTHALS WERE DISTINCTLY HUMAN”\nhttp://vox.gi/local/5979-major-study-shows-that-neanderthals-were-distinctly-human.html\n\nPublication: Examiner.com \nTitle: “First evidence that Neanderthals actively captured birds - National Paeleontology | Examiner.com”\nhttp://www.examiner.com/article/first-evidence-that-neanderthals-actively-captured-birds\n\nPublication: Panorama Gibraltar \nTitle: “http://www.panorama.gi/localnews/headlines.php?action=view_article&article=9298&offset=0”\nhttp://www.panorama.gi/localnews/headlines.php?action=view_article&article=9298&offset=0\n\nPublication: Discover Magazine \nTitle: “The feathery Neandertal | Gene Expression | Discover Magazine”\nhttp://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/2012/09/the-feathery-neandertal/\n\nPublication: Gibraltar Chronicle \nTitle: “Gibraltar Chronicle - The Independent Daily First Published 1801”\nhttp://www.chronicle.gi/headlines_details.php?id=26037\n\nPublication: BBC News \nTitle: “BBC News - Neanderthals used feathers as 'personal ornaments'”\nhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-19623929\n\nIf you see any additional coverage of this paper in the press or blogosphere, please reply to this thread and add the link to the article. ", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2012-09-21T23:41:51Z", "lastModified"=>"2012-09-21T23:41:51Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"80539"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>true, "body"=>"PLOS ONE Staff"}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0045927", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSONE"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSONE", "eIssn"=>"1932-6203", "title"=>"PLOS ONE"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>2, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2013-04-01T18:42:38Z", "replies"=>[{"type"=>"REPLY", "parentID"=>54681, "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/reply/ff99f947-ffc2-4c91-ab40-1b0ebb869159", "title"=>"RE: Media Coverage of This Article", "body"=>"The following article represents some of the media coverage that has occurred for this paper:\n\nPublication: Science 2.0 \nTitle: “Were Neanderthals And Modern Humans Birds Of A Feather?”\nhttp://www.science20.com/anthrophysis/were_neanderthals_and_modern_humans_birds_feather-94735\n\nIf you see any additional coverage of this paper in the press or blogosphere, please reply to this thread and add the link to the article. ", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2012-10-05T20:03:44Z", "lastModified"=>"2012-10-05T20:03:44Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"80539"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>true, "body"=>"PLOS ONE Staff"}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0045927", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSONE"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSONE", "eIssn"=>"1932-6203", "title"=>"PLOS ONE"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>0, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2012-10-05T20:03:44Z", "replies"=>[]}, {"type"=>"REPLY", "parentID"=>54681, "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/reply/70ef5482-8977-420d-97bb-0167950befef", "title"=>"RE: Media Coverage of This Article", "body"=>"The following article represents some of the media coverage that has occurred for this paper:\n\nPublication: For what they were we are \nTitle: “For what they were... we are: Overwhelming evidence of the use of decorative feathers by Neanderthals”\nhttp://forwhattheywereweare.blogspot.co.uk/2012/09/overwhelming-evidence-of-use-of.html\n\nIf you see any additional coverage of this paper in the press or blogosphere, please reply to this thread and add the link to the article. \n", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2013-04-01T18:42:38Z", "lastModified"=>"2013-04-01T18:42:38Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"80539"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>true, "body"=>"PLOS ONE Staff"}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0045927", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSONE"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSONE", "eIssn"=>"1932-6203", "title"=>"PLOS ONE"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>0, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2013-04-01T18:42:38Z", "replies"=>[]}]}
• {"type"=>"COMMENT", "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/annotation/5f67af45-c836-4e21-85b1-546e6b19175d", "title"=>"Feather use does not necessarily indicate 'unprecedented cognitive abilities '", "body"=>"The authors of this article state that \"The hypothesis that Neanderthals exploited birds for the use of their feathers or claws as personal ornaments in symbolic behaviour is revolutionary as it assigns unprecedented cognitive abilities to these hominins.\" I regard this as an overstatement. First of all, even non-hominid animals such as bower birds use feathers of other species for decoration (of their bowers).[1] This does not mean that these birds 'express symbolic behaviour'. Doing it simply enhances their mating opportunities.[1] Sexual selection is a more parsimonious explanation than 'showing unprecendented cognitive abilities', for these birds.\n\nHighly developed cognitive abilities are likely to have existed in Neanderthals. But burials in combination with ochre use are much stronger evidence for this than the taking and using of feathers from birds. Even a simple bird brain can do that trick. \nComment by: Matthijs Vos\nref: Borgia & Gore, (1986) Anim. Behav. 34, 727-738.", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2012-10-03T16:35:34Z", "lastModified"=>"2012-10-03T16:35:34Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"282395"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>false}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0045927", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSONE"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSONE", "eIssn"=>"1932-6203", "title"=>"PLOS ONE"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>2, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2012-10-18T08:32:24Z", "replies"=>[{"type"=>"REPLY", "parentID"=>55099, "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/reply/24ec6b60-05ea-421e-b655-b05a758dde9b", "title"=>"RE: Feather use does not necessarily indicate 'unprecedented cognitive abilities '", "body"=>"It is true that some birds use their own feathers or those of other birds for utilitarian purposes including mate choice. Bowerbirds are a good example, but many others exist. Great tits cover their eggs within the nest cavity using feathers that they actively gather in their territories (Sanz & Navas 2011). They even show colour preferences picking up those feathers. Eider duck females also cover their nest, but with their own down feathers (Kear 1990). In this case, the function seems to be to achieve thermal insulation, as they typically nest in high latitudes and ambient temperatures are generally around the freezing point (or lower). Inuit people collect eider nests for the very same reason: to procure their down and insulate themselves. \n\nHowever, no bird, and no other animal except humans, are known to place collected feathers on themselves for ornamentation. This is our hypothesis and this use of feathers would be unique and restricted to the genus Homo. Our proposal that Neanderthals had cognitive abilities comparable to those of modern humans is not only due to their use of feathers as ornaments. In isolation, such an statement would be an unacceptable silogism (i.e., modern humans use feathers, modern humans have superior cognitive abilities, thus Neanderthals using feathers have superior cognitive abilities). But this was not our reasoning. Neanderthals made lithic tools, Neanderthals had a diversified diet (Stringer et al. 2008), plus they may have used ornaments. Put together, Neanderthals do not seem to differ culturally from at least some contemporary Homo sapiens. Furthermore, recent genetic evidence shows that their similarity with modern humnans was such that they even exchanged genes. Feather use for ornamentation helps to recognize singular behavioural characteristics in Neanderthals.\n\n\nSanz, J. J., García-Navas, V. (2011). Nest ornamentation in blue tits: is feather carrying ability a male status signal? Behavioral Ecology, 22 (2): 240-247.\nKear, J. 1990. Man and Wildfowl. Mackays and Chatham PLC, Chatham, Kent, UK.\nStringer, C.B. et al. 2008. Neanderthal exploitation of marine mammals in Gibraltar. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A., 105(38): 14319–14324.\n", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2012-10-16T20:20:29Z", "lastModified"=>"2012-10-16T20:20:29Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"283643"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>false}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0045927", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSONE"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSONE", "eIssn"=>"1932-6203", "title"=>"PLOS ONE"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>1, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2012-10-18T08:32:24Z", "replies"=>[{"type"=>"REPLY", "parentID"=>55685, "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/reply/007eacd0-2d53-4ba9-be6b-18de9566432f", "title"=>"RE: RE: Feather use does not necessarily indicate 'unprecedented cognitive abilities '", "body"=>"The previous post was made by Juan José Negro on behalf of all authors.", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2012-10-18T08:32:24Z", "lastModified"=>"2012-10-18T08:32:24Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"283783"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>false}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0045927", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSONE"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSONE", "eIssn"=>"1932-6203", "title"=>"PLOS ONE"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>0, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2012-10-18T08:32:24Z", "replies"=>[]}]}]}
• {"type"=>"COMMENT", "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/annotation/2e4fa3e9-3fb1-4632-b703-81f0550a2a25", "title"=>"white-tailed eagles in the European Mesolithic and Neolithic", "body"=>"\r\nBecause there is not much at all along similar lines perhaps I may mention a less visibly published similar exercise:\r\n\r\nAmkreutz, L., & Corbey, R. (2008). An eagle-eyed perspective: Haliaeetus albicilla in the Mesolithic and Neolithic of the Lower Rhine Area. In H. Fokkens (Ed.), Between foraging and farming: An extended broad spectrum of papers presented to Leendert Louwe Kooijmans (pp. 167-180). Leiden: Leiden University, Faculty of Archeology (Analecta Praehistorica Leidensia, 40) \r\n\r\nfor a pdf, see http://arno.uvt.nl/show.cgi?fid=100233", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2012-10-12T09:44:35Z", "lastModified"=>"2012-10-12T09:44:35Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"262515"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>false}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0045927", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSONE"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSONE", "eIssn"=>"1932-6203", "title"=>"PLOS ONE"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>0, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2012-10-12T09:44:35Z", "replies"=>[]}

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• {"id"=>"247804823691460608", "text"=>"#PLOS: Birds of a Feather: Neanderthal Exploitation of Raptors and Corvids http://t.co/Z87cwYzX", "created_at"=>"2012-09-17T21:10:48Z", "user"=>"ferwen", "user_name"=>"fernanda castano", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1760721903/Foto-0220_e2_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"247810331404038144", "text"=>"#psychiatry twts: Birds of a Feather: Neanderthal Exploitation of Raptors and Corvids: by Clive Finlayson, Kimbe... http://t.co/IqOoWavB", "created_at"=>"2012-09-17T21:32:41Z", "user"=>"aghoury79", "user_name"=>"Ahmed el-Aghoury, MD", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1457597768/Photo-0064-3_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"247810773609484288", "text"=>"Birds of a Feather: Neanderthal Exploitation of Raptors and Corvids: by Clive Finlayson, Kimberly Brown,... http://t.co/1eILMu68 #twfeed", "created_at"=>"2012-09-17T21:34:27Z", "user"=>"SebValenz", "user_name"=>"Sebastián Valenzuela", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1391629699/nuut_1307819345_204_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"247812419404062720", "text"=>"Birds of a Feather: Neanderthal Exploitation of Raptors and Corvids: by Clive Finlayson, Kimberly Brown, Ruth Bl... http://t.co/o3Kyaphq", "created_at"=>"2012-09-17T21:40:59Z", "user"=>"BrainPlusHealth", "user_name"=>"Brain + Health", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2369174997/6mi26c0babzh0h4qech7_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"247818181203337216", "text"=>"http://t.co/VsOlhx27", "created_at"=>"2012-09-17T22:03:53Z", "user"=>"danbigfly", "user_name"=>"Daniele Moscone", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2490433105/311642_4456335251204_602041924_n_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"247860510266122240", "text"=>"More evidence of Neanderthal feather use! #PLOS: Birds of a Feather: Neanderthal Exploitation of Raptors and Corvids http://t.co/2FBNvWVv", "created_at"=>"2012-09-18T00:52:05Z", "user"=>"julien_rs", "user_name"=>"J. Riel-Salvatore", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1868879862/large_julien.riel-salvatore_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"247880763247321088", "text"=>"Neat! MT @julien_rs: More evidence of Neanderthal feather use! #PLOS: Neanderthal Exploitation of Raptors and Corvids http://t.co/NHdH6dXE", "created_at"=>"2012-09-18T02:12:34Z", "user"=>"kristilewton", "user_name"=>"Kristi Lewton", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/900276519/DSC_0126_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"247960868707512320", "text"=>"This is intriguing, downloading now! MT@julien_rs: Birds of a Feather: Neanderthal Exploitation of Raptors and Corvids http://t.co/He2PttFH", "created_at"=>"2012-09-18T07:30:52Z", "user"=>"LeMoustier", "user_name"=>"R M Wragg Sykes", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2164315337/avatar1_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"247978515692142592", "text"=>"Neanderthals used feathers as 'personal ornaments'. http://t.co/3oY9kd39", "created_at"=>"2012-09-18T08:41:00Z", "user"=>"debabrata2008", "user_name"=>"Debabrata Mohanty", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1171449889/70924_591399108_4324653_q_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"247982259913756672", "text"=>"(1) Neandertalers zouden veren van vogels hebben verzameld voor versiering, misschien hun (en onze) voorouders ook al.\nhttp://t.co/6rAQY6QS)", "created_at"=>"2012-09-18T08:55:52Z", "user"=>"MarkNelissen", "user_name"=>"Mark Nelissen", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1854899853/mark_nelissen_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"248006547890921472", "text"=>"Neanderthals used bird feathers and claws as \"personal ornaments\" http://t.co/7UynuA0F", "created_at"=>"2012-09-18T10:32:23Z", "user"=>"mocost", "user_name"=>"Mo Costandi", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1388977293/Me_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"248008908990464000", "text"=>"RT @mocost: Neanderthals used bird feathers and claws as \"personal ornaments\" http://t.co/7UynuA0F", "created_at"=>"2012-09-18T10:41:46Z", "user"=>"harpersnotes", "user_name"=>"Richard Harper", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1591460992/rjh_photo_2011_1010_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"248020569860239360", "text"=>"Meanwhile, here are some Neanderthals harvesting feathers http://t.co/ocaPsk5I. Paper here http://t.co/yvY3gOPv. Fascinating stuff.", "created_at"=>"2012-09-18T11:28:06Z", "user"=>"mammuthus", "user_name"=>"Steve Forden", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/102157522/woolymths_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"248026092135395328", "text"=>"\"clear evidence\" Neanderthal cognitive capacities comparable to ours: use of feathers as personal ornaments http://t.co/ZiZrD4vA via @mocost", "created_at"=>"2012-09-18T11:50:03Z", "user"=>"rojasburke", "user_name"=>"joe rojas-burke", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1364741263/Scan_4_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"248035489737740288", "text"=>"Here's the abstract of the paper showing Neanderthal exploitation of corvid, raptor feathers- exciting stuff http://t.co/5xSfitjH", "created_at"=>"2012-09-18T12:27:23Z", "user"=>"bjkingape", "user_name"=>"Barbara J King", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1082743492/Ybuff_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"248040371194589184", "text"=>"Neanderthals used bird feathers and claws as \"personal ornaments\" [full paper on PLoS One] http://t.co/PECbJd4X via @mocost", "created_at"=>"2012-09-18T12:46:47Z", "user"=>"QMUPsychology", "user_name"=>"QMUPsychology", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1487653130/QMUGIF_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"248042802917806080", "text"=>"RT @mocost: Neanderthals used bird feathers and claws as \"personal ornaments\" http://t.co/7UynuA0F", "created_at"=>"2012-09-18T12:56:27Z", "user"=>"carlzimmer", "user_name"=>"carlzimmer", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2611242989/shy0ski6iq094l1nn6zc_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"248043019406815232", "text"=>"Bling! “@mocost: Neanderthals used bird feathers and claws as \"personal ornaments\" http://t.co/jCwTzHqG”", "created_at"=>"2012-09-18T12:57:18Z", "user"=>"NickRimmer", "user_name"=>"Nick Rimmer", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/316586570/NA-AY500_BEHAVE_DV_20090622132141_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"248043061173698560", "text"=>"RT @mocost: Neanderthals used bird feathers and claws as \"personal ornaments\" http://t.co/7UynuA0F", "created_at"=>"2012-09-18T12:57:28Z", "user"=>"turlerinkokeni", "user_name"=>"onur doğan", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2603055238/jmroid1i1kmem5tcmwq0_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"248043113527013379", "text"=>"RT @mocost: Neanderthals used bird feathers and claws as \"personal ornaments\" http://t.co/7UynuA0F", "created_at"=>"2012-09-18T12:57:41Z", "user"=>"didicikit", "user_name"=>"FGÇ", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1809269429/hop_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"248043554084122624", "text"=>"RT @mocost: Neanderthals used bird feathers and claws as \"personal ornaments\" http://t.co/7UynuA0F", "created_at"=>"2012-09-18T12:59:26Z", "user"=>"shortstack81", "user_name"=>"terry", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2555553258/profile_image_1346242518329_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"248044064522510336", "text"=>"RT @mocost: Neanderthals used bird feathers and claws as \"personal ornaments\" http://t.co/7UynuA0F", "created_at"=>"2012-09-18T13:01:28Z", "user"=>"steveashleyplus", "user_name"=>"Steven Ashley", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1326247930/IMG_0192a_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"248044268608970752", "text"=>"RT @mocost: Neanderthals used bird feathers and claws as \"personal ornaments\" http://t.co/7UynuA0F", "created_at"=>"2012-09-18T13:02:16Z", "user"=>"LaFemmeFlaneuse", "user_name"=>"Ama Zing", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2435051641/46rlz29lnbc1dhbpmynp_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"248044405523632128", "text"=>"RT @mocost: Neanderthals used bird feathers and claws as \"personal ornaments\" http://t.co/7UynuA0F", "created_at"=>"2012-09-18T13:02:49Z", "user"=>"Scott_A_Kennedy", "user_name"=>"Scott Kennedy", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2415502830/epi0vw6pgkiunkt821xl_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"248044912392683520", "text"=>"RT @mocost: Neanderthals used bird feathers and claws as \"personal ornaments\" http://t.co/7UynuA0F", "created_at"=>"2012-09-18T13:04:50Z", "user"=>"douglasjbrown", "user_name"=>"Douglas Brown", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/612382449/022_normal.JPG"}
• {"id"=>"248045344611528704", "text"=>"RT @mocost: Neanderthals used bird feathers and claws as \"personal ornaments\" http://t.co/7UynuA0F", "created_at"=>"2012-09-18T13:06:33Z", "user"=>"kabloemski", "user_name"=>"Karen Anne Bloem", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2572802691/image_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"248046577095155714", "text"=>"RT @mocost: Neanderthals used bird feathers and claws as \"personal ornaments\" http://t.co/7UynuA0F", "created_at"=>"2012-09-18T13:11:27Z", "user"=>"SpringerAnthro", "user_name"=>"SpringerAnthro", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1427828277/SpringerTw_brown_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"248049358795309056", "text"=>"RT @mocost: Neanderthals used bird feathers and claws as \"personal ornaments\" http://t.co/7UynuA0F", "created_at"=>"2012-09-18T13:22:30Z", "user"=>"ElodieEye", "user_name"=>"you", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1430269620/1094691433_f_-_Copy__2__normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"248050222591270912", "text"=>"RT @mocost: Neanderthals used bird feathers and claws as \"personal ornaments\" http://t.co/7UynuA0F", "created_at"=>"2012-09-18T13:25:56Z", "user"=>"laracska", "user_name"=>"Lara", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2442417234/2vOtjG3i_normal"}
• {"id"=>"248057240521695232", "text"=>"PLOS ONE: Birds of a Feather: Neanderthal Exploitation of Raptors and Corvids http://t.co/6rIaD0Xu", "created_at"=>"2012-09-18T13:53:49Z", "user"=>"subratabanik", "user_name"=>"Subrata Banik", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2589761081/ncqrds2o3kx7zbfwh4e4_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"248057867184267266", "text"=>"RT @mocost: Neanderthals used bird feathers and claws as \"personal ornaments\" http://t.co/7UynuA0F", "created_at"=>"2012-09-18T13:56:18Z", "user"=>"cls5i", "user_name"=>"c l s", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2607668058/image_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"248061651625054208", "text"=>"RT @mocost: Neanderthals used bird feathers and claws as \"personal ornaments\" http://t.co/7UynuA0F", "created_at"=>"2012-09-18T14:11:21Z", "user"=>"whowantssoup", "user_name"=>"Kayleigh", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/800771634/IMG_0571_normal.JPG"}
• {"id"=>"248064183315361793", "text"=>"RT @mocost: Neanderthals used bird feathers and claws as \"personal ornaments\" http://t.co/zDTd3vLA", "created_at"=>"2012-09-18T14:21:24Z", "user"=>"Theah1771", "user_name"=>"Thea Hutcheson", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1071480239/Ed_Head_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"248066531014098944", "text"=>"Early fashion: Did Neanderthals hunt birds to make ornamentation of feathers/claws? http://t.co/UHV4QG1w Interesting cognitive implications", "created_at"=>"2012-09-18T14:30:44Z", "user"=>"JenniferRaff", "user_name"=>"Jennifer Raff", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2448226435/image_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"248069052231213057", "text"=>"Birds of a feather: Neanderthal exploitation of raptors and corvids.Sept.17,2012\nhttp://t.co/f6SVJTBv\n//related article http://t.co/Y3cchWdQ", "created_at"=>"2012-09-18T14:40:45Z", "user"=>"arkhangellohim", "user_name"=>"Gabriel Trujillo ", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1496264977/gabohhh_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"248069193268862976", "text"=>"RT @mocost: Neanderthals used bird feathers and claws as \"personal ornaments\" http://t.co/7UynuA0F", "created_at"=>"2012-09-18T14:41:19Z", "user"=>"wallsdonotfall", "user_name"=>"hmmary", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1267017454/delvaux_normal.JPG"}
• {"id"=>"248082892897533955", "text"=>"RT @mocost: Neanderthals used bird feathers and claws as \"personal ornaments\" http://t.co/7UynuA0F", "created_at"=>"2012-09-18T15:35:45Z", "user"=>"madanico", "user_name"=>"Dawne Knockwood", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/145568113/dawne.picture_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"248089419880476672", "text"=>"Birds of a Feather: Neanderthal Exploitation of Raptors and Corvids http://t.co/KMllyAxy from Clive Finlayson (http://t.co/4xoxK2OH)", "created_at"=>"2012-09-18T16:01:41Z", "user"=>"OUPAcademic", "user_name"=>"Oxford Academic", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1278134400/OUP_SMavatar_WBG_normal.JPG"}
• {"id"=>"248089537421668352", "text"=>"RT @OUPAcademic: Birds of a Feather: Neanderthal Exploitation of Raptors and Corvids http://t.co/KMllyAxy from Clive Finlayson (http://t ...", "created_at"=>"2012-09-18T16:02:09Z", "user"=>"maxcecena1", "user_name"=>"MAXIMILIANO CECEÑA", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2479662805/decaiix7iwmky6ke0o9r_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"248111567193911297", "text"=>"the original PloS article on Neandertals using bird feathers for personal ornamentation everyone is so a-twitter about http://t.co/mOeaEKDw", "created_at"=>"2012-09-18T17:29:41Z", "user"=>"bobmuckle", "user_name"=>"bob muckle", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2019187755/whistler_head_shot_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"248181289373560833", "text"=>"ネアンデルタール人の遺跡に残された鳥の骨に，羽を塊で採取した形跡が広く見られることが判明。羽は食用にならず，衣装用と推定。羽をまとった古代人の想像画と同種の鳥を示す研究者 http://t.co/cbRUytOX 論文（オープンアクセス）http://t.co/LFOms5Ni", "created_at"=>"2012-09-18T22:06:45Z", "user"=>"ogugeo", "user_name"=>"Oguchi T／小口 高", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1713295696/ogugeo_br3_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"248185421316648961", "text"=>"Birds of a Feather: Neanderthal Exploitation of Raptors and Corvids http://t.co/OguFwaGA", "created_at"=>"2012-09-18T22:23:10Z", "user"=>"PLOSONE", "user_name"=>"PLOS ONE", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2429958559/mzjl6as5u2m09r2erof6_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"248185676443574274", "text"=>"RT @PLOSONE: Birds of a Feather: Neanderthal Exploitation of Raptors and Corvids http://t.co/OguFwaGA", "created_at"=>"2012-09-18T22:24:10Z", "user"=>"Sciwhat", "user_name"=>"S. Bodman", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2402149725/luj9bnved3sqgfhk8143_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"248185844953923584", "text"=>"“@PLOSONE: Birds of a Feather: Neanderthal Exploitation of Raptors and Corvids http://t.co/9dSELvPN”\nservirá? @Isabel_Celis creo que sí", "created_at"=>"2012-09-18T22:24:51Z", "user"=>"MigClado", "user_name"=>"Miguel Linaje ", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1791123412/tuitpic_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"248188085236547584", "text"=>"Neanderthals had a real feather fetisch -- PLoS one:http://t.co/h9BWKpg5", "created_at"=>"2012-09-18T22:33:45Z", "user"=>"EmilNilsson", "user_name"=>"Emil V. Nilsson", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2418259574/bebhwy19y88ubg6yv9lp_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"248212190673371136", "text"=>"\"clear evidence that Neanderthal cognitive capacities were comparable 2 those of Modern Humans\" http://t.co/Hw847uMt", "created_at"=>"2012-09-19T00:09:32Z", "user"=>"djoly73", "user_name"=>"Damien Joly", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2494437386/7jpgwnz4eg4dhw6uclgu_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"248319245635698689", "text"=>"RT @mammuthus: Meanwhile, here are some Neanderthals harvesting feathers http://t.co/ocaPsk5I. Paper here http://t.co/yvY3gOPv. Fascinat ...", "created_at"=>"2012-09-19T07:14:56Z", "user"=>"diddyscott", "user_name"=>"Lizzy", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1685864424/hyena_print_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"248433289713573888", "text"=>"RT @PLOSONE: Birds of a Feather: Neanderthal Exploitation of Raptors and Corvids http://t.co/OguFwaGA", "created_at"=>"2012-09-19T14:48:06Z", "user"=>"kotz6", "user_name"=>"kotz", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/sticky/default_profile_images/default_profile_0_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"248803022216507393", "text"=>"Birds of a Feather: Neanderthal Exploitation of Raptors and Corvids Via Plos One http://t.co/L0v0iirY IPHES http://t.co/h97WlEgD", "created_at"=>"2012-09-20T15:17:17Z", "user"=>"jm_c_r", "user_name"=>"Josep M", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1474539940/jcartana_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"248807733959213056", "text"=>"High style hominins: new study shows #Neandertals wore feathers in their hair as ornaments: http://t.co/vz6kKP5g", "created_at"=>"2012-09-20T15:36:01Z", "user"=>"craigstanford7", "user_name"=>"Craig Stanford", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1395080594/in_mauritius_closeup_normal.JPG"}
• {"id"=>"248808723466813440", "text"=>"RT @craigstanford7: High style hominins: new study shows #Neandertals wore feathers in their hair as ornaments: http://t.co/vz6kKP5g", "created_at"=>"2012-09-20T15:39:56Z", "user"=>"BioAnthroSAA", "user_name"=>"Stanford Allen Anton", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1420567667/BA3_front_cover_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"248808893709422592", "text"=>"RT @craigstanford7: High style hominins: new study shows #Neandertals wore feathers in their hair as ornaments: http://t.co/vz6kKP5g", "created_at"=>"2012-09-20T15:40:37Z", "user"=>"kwakuitl_", "user_name"=>"Javier Ordoñez", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2566681540/9xryzt0oh25awmg4sbew_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"248808962487615490", "text"=>"RT @craigstanford7: High style hominins: new study shows #Neandertals wore feathers in their hair as ornaments: http://t.co/vz6kKP5g", "created_at"=>"2012-09-20T15:40:53Z", "user"=>"JoanVendrellFer", "user_name"=>"Joan Vendrell", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2565763575/1cx736cvxev8332w0wm1_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"248809439518396416", "text"=>"RT @craigstanford7 High style hominins: new study shows #Neandertals wore feathers in their hair as ornaments: http://t.co/FErUKice", "created_at"=>"2012-09-20T15:42:47Z", "user"=>"peatbogyeri", "user_name"=>"Jerry Spiller", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2205926729/want_believe_icon_jms_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"248852015294337024", "text"=>"RT @craigstanford7: High style hominins: new study shows #Neandertals wore feathers in their hair as ornaments: http://t.co/vz6kKP5g", "created_at"=>"2012-09-20T18:31:58Z", "user"=>"jottevanger", "user_name"=>"Jeremy Ottevanger", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1895062442/DSC_0286_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"248858697537830912", "text"=>"RT @craigstanford7: High style hominins: new study shows #Neandertals wore feathers in their hair as ornaments: http://t.co/vz6kKP5g", "created_at"=>"2012-09-20T18:58:31Z", "user"=>"emilym2015", "user_name"=>"Emily Mason", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1575999948/281950_10150327010641412_635106411_9433521_5787587_n_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"248870059181748224", "text"=>"RT @craigstanford7: High style hominins: new study shows #Neandertals wore feathers in their hair as ornaments: http://t.co/vz6kKP5g", "created_at"=>"2012-09-20T19:43:40Z", "user"=>"GigantoBigfoot", "user_name"=>"Giganto-Ape Bigfoot", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2616746490/image_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"249059183662624768", "text"=>"RT @jm_c_r: Birds of a Feather: Neanderthal Exploitation of Raptors and Corvids Via Plos One http://t.co/L0v0iirY IPHES http://t.co/h97WlEgD", "created_at"=>"2012-09-21T08:15:11Z", "user"=>"cintabellmunt", "user_name"=>"Cinta S. Bellmunt", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1364660866/cinta_boella_retrat_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"249110876521644032", "text"=>"L'homme de Néanderthal se serait servi de plumes de corvidés en tant que parures corporelles\n\nhttp://t.co/qdEHzhU0", "created_at"=>"2012-09-21T11:40:35Z", "user"=>"Guilhem1130", "user_name"=>"Guilhem Dorandeu", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1706738575/Magellan_Mali2_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"249111150325800960", "text"=>"L'Homme de Néandertal se serait servi de plumes de Corvidés en tant que parures corporelles\n\nhttp://t.co/qdEHzhU0", "created_at"=>"2012-09-21T11:41:41Z", "user"=>"Guilhem1130", "user_name"=>"Guilhem Dorandeu", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1706738575/Magellan_Mali2_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"250633142661160960", "text"=>"PLOS ONE: Birds of a Feather: Neanderthal Exploitation of Raptors and Corvids http://t.co/m87bYA0D", "created_at"=>"2012-09-25T16:29:32Z", "user"=>"shankargallery", "user_name"=>"Richard Lazzara", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1212928903/41772_817065367_6448_q_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"257782528931426305", "text"=>"#Neanderthals did it with feathers, which was bad for any #crows nearby: http://t.co/qbHHZjkH ---- #paleoanthropology #corvids", "created_at"=>"2012-10-15T09:58:38Z", "user"=>"Gurdur", "user_name"=>"Tim Skellett", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/838872371/avatar1_twitter_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"257890813076443136", "text"=>"The #Neanderthals did it w/ feathers, which would've been bad for any #crows nearby http://t.co/qbHHZjkH - #archeology #corvids #prehistory", "created_at"=>"2012-10-15T17:08:55Z", "user"=>"Gurdur", "user_name"=>"Tim Skellett", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/838872371/avatar1_twitter_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"258626056733466624", "text"=>"Interestingly these feathers are mainly black http://t.co/IdbwFFBu although i wouldn't be surprised if cutmarks are result of something else", "created_at"=>"2012-10-17T17:50:31Z", "user"=>"NieuwenkampR", "user_name"=>"Robin Nieuwenkamp", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2298347216/utk0yi5hgn52dkpd1vha_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"260082023299964928", "text"=>"Birds of a Feather: Neanderthal Exploitation of Raptors and Corvids http://t.co/oVLleqH2", "created_at"=>"2012-10-21T18:16:01Z", "user"=>"Lithoscapes", "user_name"=>"Lithoscapes", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1219468125/Copy-of-437_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"411198942034927616", "text"=>"So, if Neanderthals used raptor and corvid feathers for ornamentation, they might have been smarter than we thought. http://t.co/0KrozErezm", "created_at"=>"2013-12-12T18:20:42Z", "user"=>"rebeccakoconnor", "user_name"=>"Rebecca K. O'Connor", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/2945781878/95e7e9100f5d89cbab6ec2947322354a_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"412621551817592832", "text"=>"Birds of a Feather. Our PLOS ONE paper has had over 15k views in just over a year: http://t.co/GMCj1FZKWe", "created_at"=>"2013-12-16T16:33:38Z", "user"=>"CliveFinlayson", "user_name"=>"Clive Finlayson", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/378800000867454408/PhfT5JFC_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"412628160656580609", "text"=>"Birds of a Feather.#anthropology. Our PLOS ONE paper has had over 15k views in just over a year: http://t.co/GMCj1FZKWe …", "created_at"=>"2013-12-16T16:59:54Z", "user"=>"CliveFinlayson", "user_name"=>"Clive Finlayson", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/378800000867454408/PhfT5JFC_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"412654362398162944", "text"=>"RT @CliveFinlayson: Birds of a Feather. Our PLOS ONE paper has had over 15k views in just over a year: http://t.co/GMCj1FZKWe", "created_at"=>"2013-12-16T18:44:01Z", "user"=>"PLOSONE", "user_name"=>"PLOS ONE", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/2429958559/mzjl6as5u2m09r2erof6_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"412759330908168192", "text"=>"RT @CliveFinlayson: Birds of a Feather.#anthropology. Our PLOS ONE paper has had over 15k views in just over a year: http://t.co/GMCj1FZKWe…", "created_at"=>"2013-12-17T01:41:07Z", "user"=>"PLOSONE", "user_name"=>"PLOS ONE", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/2429958559/mzjl6as5u2m09r2erof6_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"412770383046406144", "text"=>"RT @CliveFinlayson: Birds of a Feather. Our PLOS ONE paper has had over 15k views in just over a year: http://t.co/GMCj1FZKWe", "created_at"=>"2013-12-17T02:25:02Z", "user"=>"victorgamarrat", "user_name"=>"Vitor Gamarra-Toledo", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/3531210681/7fe847b2d46dafc1580ae32ebe1cc636_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"662667516364390400", "text"=>"On the significance of #corvids & #raptors for our European #forebears https://t.co/VDT4H710vB @bab_ia", "created_at"=>"2015-11-06T16:27:02Z", "user"=>"spani3l", "user_name"=>"Daniel Spielmann", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/662634070023737344/dOWpsmOq_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"662678637716574208", "text"=>"RT @spani3l: On the significance of #corvids & #raptors for our European #forebears https://t.co/VDT4H710vB @bab_ia", "created_at"=>"2015-11-06T17:11:13Z", "user"=>"bab_ia", "user_name"=>"Sonja Samuda", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/660772290469187584/8ormIogr_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"709511581801943040", "text"=>"Neanderthal use of bird (raptor & corvid) bones & feathers was widespread https://t.co/Te9b9j7jSs #prehistory #anthropology #anthrozoology", "created_at"=>"2016-03-14T22:48:37Z", "user"=>"BrightWaterSci", "user_name"=>"Corey Watts", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/688903236607066113/2RFgoaWp_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"844384416914821120", "text"=>"Neanderthals seemingly sought large flight feathers from eagles & corvids #2017MMM https://t.co/sJRRqNuVFe https://t.co/qZpHK837iR", "created_at"=>"2017-03-22T03:05:07Z", "user"=>"Mammals_Suck", "user_name"=>"Katie Hinde", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/827165996473475072/GZZnfWpv_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"844384454156144640", "text"=>"RT @Mammals_Suck: Neanderthals seemingly sought large flight feathers from eagles & corvids #2017MMM https://t.co/sJRRqNuVFe https://t.co/q…", "created_at"=>"2017-03-22T03:05:16Z", "user"=>"2017MMMletsgo", "user_name"=>"March Mammal Madness", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/836261847183593472/wMEyM8NX_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"844384573190496260", "text"=>"RT @Mammals_Suck: Neanderthals seemingly sought large flight feathers from eagles & corvids #2017MMM https://t.co/sJRRqNuVFe https://t.co/q…", "created_at"=>"2017-03-22T03:05:44Z", "user"=>"TheOddAngel", "user_name"=>"Charon Henning ?", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/833448057354088448/Ja7PmgOg_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"844384583349161985", "text"=>"RT @Mammals_Suck: Neanderthals seemingly sought large flight feathers from eagles & corvids #2017MMM https://t.co/sJRRqNuVFe https://t.co/q…", "created_at"=>"2017-03-22T03:05:47Z", "user"=>"slgdunn", "user_name"=>"Sarah Dunn", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/575416365785485313/w-baFe9f_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"844384731491807232", "text"=>"RT @Mammals_Suck: Neanderthals seemingly sought large flight feathers from eagles & corvids #2017MMM https://t.co/sJRRqNuVFe https://t.co/q…", "created_at"=>"2017-03-22T03:06:22Z", "user"=>"PKurnath", "user_name"=>"Patrice K. Connors", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/532242573687922688/odEW7iBJ_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"844384942595358720", "text"=>"RT @Mammals_Suck: Neanderthals seemingly sought large flight feathers from eagles & corvids #2017MMM https://t.co/sJRRqNuVFe https://t.co/q…", "created_at"=>"2017-03-22T03:07:12Z", "user"=>"MichelleAKline", "user_name"=>"LooksLikeAProfKline", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/825812927982628865/20udxyWE_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"844386357590020096", "text"=>"RT @Mammals_Suck: Neanderthals seemingly sought large flight feathers from eagles & corvids #2017MMM https://t.co/sJRRqNuVFe https://t.co/q…", "created_at"=>"2017-03-22T03:12:50Z", "user"=>"MARspidermonkey", "user_name"=>"Michelle Rodrigues", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/832666807865479168/UJDJPcYn_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"844446276695527425", "text"=>"RT @Mammals_Suck: Neanderthals seemingly sought large flight feathers from eagles & corvids #2017MMM https://t.co/sJRRqNuVFe https://t.co/q…", "created_at"=>"2017-03-22T07:10:56Z", "user"=>"AgroBioDiverse", "user_name"=>"AgroBioDiverse", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/640882486067630081/IyDsGY0C_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"891508962574651392", "text"=>"@ilel @alllibertynews @bsoldre @nuwriter @TexArcana @rmisbach @KrissyMAGA3X @GovJVentura https://t.co/b1sT4qrrbL", "created_at"=>"2017-07-30T04:01:14Z", "user"=>"SouthPawInc", "user_name"=>"South-Paw Inc", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/861194915262365696/irHnvuUW_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"917477755838595072", "text"=>"https://t.co/SurGwKBiBW\n\nThe first bird enthusiasts?", "created_at"=>"2017-10-09T19:51:57Z", "user"=>"nilou_ataie", "user_name"=>"n ataie", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1172787936/tb_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"949711057278431233", "text"=>"Birds of a Feather: Neanderthal Exploitation of Raptors and Corvids\n\nhttps://t.co/7Gxmm0PSjz", "created_at"=>"2018-01-06T18:35:35Z", "user"=>"pepecarryon", "user_name"=>"Pepe", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/759712212587982848/05xNlMd5_normal.jpg"}

Wikipedia | Further Information

• {"title"=>"Neanderthal behavior", "url"=>"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neanderthal_behavior", "timestamp"=>"2019-03-14T05:43:54Z"}
• {"title"=>"Neanderthal", "url"=>"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neanderthal", "timestamp"=>"2019-03-17T21:52:09Z"}
• {"title"=>"Homo neanderthalensis", "url"=>"http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_neanderthalensis", "timestamp"=>"2019-03-17T19:57:10Z"}

Wordpress.com | Further Information

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Figshare

• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/576937"], "description"=>"<p>Cm: cut-marks; Oext: over-extending; Bur: burning; BnBr: fresh bone breakage; HTm: human tooth-marks.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["mni", "anthropogenic", "remains", "gibraltar"], "article_id"=>247416, "categories"=>["Neuroscience", "Mental Health", "Evolutionary Biology"], "users"=>["Clive Finlayson", "Kimberly Brown", "Ruth Blasco", "Jordi Rosell", "Juan José Negro", "Gary R. Bortolotti", "Geraldine Finlayson", "Antonio Sánchez Marco", "Francisco Giles Pacheco", "Joaquín Rodríguez Vidal", "José S. Carrión", "Darren A. Fa", "José M. Rodríguez Llanes"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0045927.t002", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>1, "page_views"=>8, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_NISP_MNE_MNI_and_anthropogenic_damage_on_bird_remains_from_Gibraltar_sites_/247416", "title"=>"NISP, MNE, MNI and anthropogenic damage on bird remains from Gibraltar sites.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>3, "published_date"=>"2012-09-17 02:03:36"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/576882"], "description"=>"<p>The table is divided into three sections, the first covering scavenging birds, the second non-scavenging cliff-nesting birds and the third covering the remaining species. Scavengers are separated into type 1 (obligate) and type 2 (facultative, ranging from frequent to occasional). Scavengers that are also cliff nesters are assigned an * if they are solitary nesters and ** if they are colonial. Each species is allocated to a size class according to the following scale: 1 - all individuals <100 g; 2 - some individuals <100 g and others between 100 and 1 kg; 3 – all individuals between 100 and 1 kg; 4 – some individuals between 100 g-1 kg and others between 1–10 kg; 5 all individuals between 1 and 10 kg; and 6 some individuals between 1–10 kg and others >10 kg. Species which are overrepresented in Palaeolithic sites (Middle and Upper) compared to paleontological sites, tested by chi-square (<a href=\"http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0045927#pone.0045927.s008\" target=\"_blank\">Text S1</a>), are indicated by a “yes”. Species that are overrepresented in Middle over Upper Palaeolithic sites are similarly indicated. Degree of significance: *** p<0.001; **p<0.01; *p<0.05. Cases of possible overrepresentation in Palaeolithic sites but with sample sizes that are too small to provide definitive evidence are indicated as “possible”. Remige feather colour: d = dark; i = intermediate - this includes birds with light brown or more often spotting or barred patterns so have some white and some dark per feather; and m = mix where some feathers are white (e.g. primaries) and some are black (e.g. secondaries). Over-repr. = over-represented; PS = Palaeolithic sites; MPS = Middle Palaeolithic sites. Statistical analyses are provided in <a href=\"http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0045927#pone.0045927.s006\" target=\"_blank\">Tables S6</a> and <a href=\"http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0045927#pone.0045927.s008\" target=\"_blank\">Text S1</a>.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["raptors", "corvids", "paleolithic", "humans"], "article_id"=>247364, "categories"=>["Neuroscience", "Mental Health", "Evolutionary Biology"], "users"=>["Clive Finlayson", "Kimberly Brown", "Ruth Blasco", "Jordi Rosell", "Juan José Negro", "Gary R. Bortolotti", "Geraldine Finlayson", "Antonio Sánchez Marco", "Francisco Giles Pacheco", "Joaquín Rodríguez Vidal", "José S. Carrión", "Darren A. Fa", "José M. Rodríguez Llanes"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0045927.t001", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>1, "page_views"=>15, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_The_association_of_raptors_and_corvids_with_Paleolithic_humans_across_the_Palearctic_/247364", "title"=>"The association of raptors and corvids with Paleolithic humans across the Palearctic.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>3, "published_date"=>"2012-09-17 02:02:44"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/576763"], "description"=>"<p>Green: Middle (or earlier) Palaeolithic sites; Red: Middle and Upper Palaeolithic Sites; Blue: Upper Palaeolithic Sites; Black: paleontological sites. GC: Gorham's Cave, Vanguard Cave and Ibex Cave; RF: Riparo Fumane; CG: Combe-Grenal and Les Fieux.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["archaeological", "paleontological", "sites", "18", "raptor-corvid"], "article_id"=>247241, "categories"=>["Neuroscience", "Mental Health", "Evolutionary Biology"], "users"=>["Clive Finlayson", "Kimberly Brown", "Ruth Blasco", "Jordi Rosell", "Juan José Negro", "Gary R. Bortolotti", "Geraldine Finlayson", "Antonio Sánchez Marco", "Francisco Giles Pacheco", "Joaquín Rodríguez Vidal", "José S. Carrión", "Darren A. Fa", "José M. Rodríguez Llanes"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0045927.g002", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>2, "page_views"=>8, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Distribution_of_archaeological_and_paleontological_sites_with_50_or_more_of_the_suite_of_18_raptor_corvid_species_identified_in_the_text_/247241", "title"=>"Distribution of archaeological and paleontological sites with 50% or more of the suite of 18 raptor-corvid species identified in the text.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2012-09-17 02:00:41"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/576573"], "description"=>"<p>a) distal diaphysis of <i>Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax</i> humerus (Gor'96 No. 87); b) proximal diaphysis of <i>Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax</i> humerus; c) proximal diaphysis of <i>Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax</i> humerus (GOR'96 NO. 299); d) distal diaphysis of <i>Milvus milvus</i> radius (GOR'00/B8/NIV/205); e) middle shaft of <i>Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax</i> tarsometatarsus (Ibex 94 No. 24); f) middle shaft of <i>Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax</i> femur (Ibex 94 No. 166); g) proximal diaphysis of <i>Pyrrhocorax graculus</i> ulna (GOR'00/B5/NIV/57); h) distal diaphysis of <i>Gyps fulvus</i> ulna (Van 96 No. 209A).</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["cut-marks", "gibraltar"], "article_id"=>247058, "categories"=>["Neuroscience", "Mental Health", "Evolutionary Biology"], "users"=>["Clive Finlayson", "Kimberly Brown", "Ruth Blasco", "Jordi Rosell", "Juan José Negro", "Gary R. Bortolotti", "Geraldine Finlayson", "Antonio Sánchez Marco", "Francisco Giles Pacheco", "Joaquín Rodríguez Vidal", "José S. Carrión", "Darren A. Fa", "José M. Rodríguez Llanes"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0045927.g001", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>1, "page_views"=>13, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Examples_of_cut_marks_from_Gibraltar_sites_/247058", "title"=>"Examples of cut-marks from Gibraltar sites.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2012-09-17 01:57:38"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/304584", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/304602", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/309337", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/309421", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/309493", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/309582", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/309611", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/309628", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/309691", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/309807"], "description"=>"<div><p>The hypothesis that Neanderthals exploited birds for the use of their feathers or claws as personal ornaments in symbolic behaviour is revolutionary as it assigns unprecedented cognitive abilities to these hominins. This inference, however, is based on modest faunal samples and thus may not represent a regular or systematic behaviour. Here we address this issue by looking for evidence of such behaviour across a large temporal and geographical framework. Our analyses try to answer four main questions: 1) does a Neanderthal to raptor-corvid connection exist at a large scale, thus avoiding associations that might be regarded as local in space or time?; 2) did Middle (associated with Neanderthals) and Upper Palaeolithic (associated with modern humans) sites contain a greater range of these species than Late Pleistocene paleontological sites?; 3) is there a taphonomic association between Neanderthals and corvids-raptors at Middle Palaeolithic sites on Gibraltar, specifically Gorham's, Vanguard and Ibex Caves? and; 4) was the extraction of wing feathers a local phenomenon exclusive to the Neanderthals at these sites or was it a geographically wider phenomenon?. We compiled a database of 1699 Pleistocene Palearctic sites based on fossil bird sites. We also compiled a taphonomical database from the Middle Palaeolithic assemblages of Gibraltar. We establish a clear, previously unknown and widespread, association between Neanderthals, raptors and corvids. We show that the association involved the direct intervention of Neanderthals on the bones of these birds, which we interpret as evidence of extraction of large flight feathers. The large number of bones, the variety of species processed and the different temporal periods when the behaviour is observed, indicate that this was a systematic, geographically and temporally broad, activity that the Neanderthals undertook. Our results, providing clear evidence that Neanderthal cognitive capacities were comparable to those of Modern Humans, constitute a major advance in the study of human evolution.</p> </div>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["birds", "neanderthal", "exploitation", "raptors", "corvids"], "article_id"=>120071, "categories"=>["Neuroscience", "Mental Health", "Evolutionary Biology"], "users"=>["Clive Finlayson", "Kimberly Brown", "Ruth Blasco", "Jordi Rosell", "Juan José Negro", "Gary R. Bortolotti", "Geraldine Finlayson", "Antonio Sánchez Marco", "Francisco Giles Pacheco", "Joaquín Rodríguez Vidal", "José S. Carrión", "Darren A. Fa", "José M. Rodríguez Llanes"], "doi"=>["https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0045927.s001", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0045927.s002", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0045927.s003", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0045927.s004", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0045927.s005", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0045927.s006", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0045927.s007", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0045927.s008", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0045927.s009", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0045927.s010"], "stats"=>{"downloads"=>4, "page_views"=>15, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/Birds_of_a_Feather_Neanderthal_Exploitation_of_Raptors_and_Corvids/120071", "title"=>"Birds of a Feather: Neanderthal Exploitation of Raptors and Corvids", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>4, "published_date"=>"2012-09-17 00:01:11"}

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Relative Metric

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F1000Prime