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{"title"=>"Chaos of Wolbachia Sequences Inside the Compact Fig Syconia of Ficus benjamina (Ficus: Moraceae)", "type"=>"journal", "authors"=>[{"first_name"=>"Chun Yan", "last_name"=>"Yang", "scopus_author_id"=>"57199911194"}, {"first_name"=>"Jin Hua", "last_name"=>"Xiao", "scopus_author_id"=>"7402564287"}, {"first_name"=>"Li Ming", "last_name"=>"Niu", "scopus_author_id"=>"8399221500"}, {"first_name"=>"Guang Chang", "last_name"=>"Ma", "scopus_author_id"=>"35789029300"}, {"first_name"=>"James M.", "last_name"=>"Cook", "scopus_author_id"=>"7404184892"}, {"first_name"=>"Sheng Nan", "last_name"=>"Bian", "scopus_author_id"=>"39760965500"}, {"first_name"=>"Yue Guan", "last_name"=>"Fu", "scopus_author_id"=>"16425471100"}, {"first_name"=>"Da Wei", "last_name"=>"Huang", "scopus_author_id"=>"7403891572"}], "year"=>2012, "source"=>"PLoS ONE", "identifiers"=>{"issn"=>"19326203", "scopus"=>"2-s2.0-84869028808", "pmid"=>"23145008", "doi"=>"10.1371/journal.pone.0048882", "pui"=>"366041793", "isbn"=>"1932-6203 (Electronic)\\r1932-6203 (Linking)", "sgr"=>"84869028808"}, "id"=>"82c5b4c8-b7cb-3d57-8055-484a7ea718a8", "abstract"=>"Figs and fig wasps form a peculiar closed community in which the Ficus tree provides a compact syconium (inflorescence) habitat for the lives of a complex assemblage of Chalcidoid insects. These diverse fig wasp species have intimate ecological relationships within the closed world of the fig syconia. Previous surveys of Wolbachia, maternally inherited endosymbiotic bacteria that infect vast numbers of arthropod hosts, showed that fig wasps have some of the highest known incidences of Wolbachia amongst all insects. We ask whether the evolutionary patterns of Wolbachia sequences in this closed syconium community are different from those in the outside world. In the present study, we sampled all 17 fig wasp species living on Ficus benjamina, covering 4 families, 6 subfamilies, and 8 genera of wasps. We made a thorough survey of Wolbachia infection patterns and studied evolutionary patterns in wsp (Wolbachia Surface Protein) sequences. We find evidence for high infection incidences, frequent recombination between Wolbachia strains, and considerable horizontal transfer, suggesting rapid evolution of Wolbachia sequences within the syconium community. Though the fig wasps have relatively limited contact with outside world, Wolbachia may be introduced to the syconium community via horizontal transmission by fig wasps species that have winged males and visit the syconia earlier.", "link"=>"http://www.mendeley.com/research/chaos-wolbachia-sequences-inside-compact-fig-syconia-ficus-benjamina-ficus-moraceae", "reader_count"=>32, "reader_count_by_academic_status"=>{"Professor > Associate Professor"=>2, "Researcher"=>7, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>1, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>10, "Student > Postgraduate"=>1, "Student > Master"=>4, "Other"=>1, "Student > Bachelor"=>2, "Lecturer"=>3, "Lecturer > Senior Lecturer"=>1}, "reader_count_by_user_role"=>{"Professor > Associate Professor"=>2, "Researcher"=>7, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>1, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>10, "Student > Postgraduate"=>1, "Student > Master"=>4, "Other"=>1, "Student > Bachelor"=>2, "Lecturer"=>3, "Lecturer > Senior Lecturer"=>1}, "reader_count_by_subject_area"=>{"Unspecified"=>1, "Environmental Science"=>1, "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>1, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>24, "Arts and Humanities"=>2, "Social Sciences"=>1, "Economics, Econometrics and Finance"=>1, "Nursing and Health Professions"=>1}, "reader_count_by_subdiscipline"=>{"Social Sciences"=>{"Social Sciences"=>1}, "Economics, Econometrics and Finance"=>{"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"=>1}, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>{"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>24}, "Nursing and Health Professions"=>{"Nursing and Health Professions"=>1}, "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>{"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>1}, "Unspecified"=>{"Unspecified"=>1}, "Environmental Science"=>{"Environmental Science"=>1}, "Arts and Humanities"=>{"Arts and Humanities"=>2}}, "reader_count_by_country"=>{"Brazil"=>1, "France"=>1, "Germany"=>1}, "group_count"=>2}

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• http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0078970
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2016.12.034
• http://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-015-1154-8
• http://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.02482
• http://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-3119(18)62019-2
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.syapm.2016.11.002
• http://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/sav118
• http://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.00136

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Figshare

• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/291849", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/291914", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/291971", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/292028"], "description"=>"<div><p>Figs and fig wasps form a peculiar closed community in which the <em>Ficus</em> tree provides a compact syconium (inflorescence) habitat for the lives of a complex assemblage of Chalcidoid insects. These diverse fig wasp species have intimate ecological relationships within the closed world of the fig syconia. Previous surveys of <em>Wolbachia</em>, maternally inherited endosymbiotic bacteria that infect vast numbers of arthropod hosts, showed that fig wasps have some of the highest known incidences of <em>Wolbachia</em> amongst all insects. We ask whether the evolutionary patterns of <em>Wolbachia</em> sequences in this closed syconium community are different from those in the outside world. In the present study, we sampled all 17 fig wasp species living on <em>Ficus benjamina</em>, covering 4 families, 6 subfamilies, and 8 genera of wasps. We made a thorough survey of <em>Wolbachia</em> infection patterns and studied evolutionary patterns in <em>wsp</em> (<em>Wolbachia</em> Surface Protein) sequences. We find evidence for high infection incidences, frequent recombination between <em>Wolbachia</em> strains, and considerable horizontal transfer, suggesting rapid evolution of <em>Wolbachia</em> sequences within the syconium community. Though the fig wasps have relatively limited contact with outside world, <em>Wolbachia</em> may be introduced to the syconium community via horizontal transmission by fig wasps species that have winged males and visit the syconia earlier.</p> </div>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["sequences", "compact", "fig", "syconia"], "article_id"=>117453, "categories"=>["Microbiology", "Cell Biology", "Evolutionary Biology"], "users"=>["Chun-Yan Yang", "Jin-Hua Xiao", "Li-Ming Niu", "Guang-Chang Ma", "James M. Cook", "Sheng-Nan Bian", "Yue-Guan Fu", "Da-Wei Huang"], "doi"=>["https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0048882.s001", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0048882.s002", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0048882.s003", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0048882.s004"], "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>0, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/Chaos_of_Wolbachia_Sequences_Inside_the_Compact_Fig_Syconia_of_Ficus_benjamina_Ficus_Moraceae__/117453", "title"=>"Chaos of <em>Wolbachia</em> Sequences Inside the Compact Fig Syconia of <em>Ficus benjamina</em> (<em>Ficus</em>: Moraceae)", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>4, "published_date"=>"2012-11-08 02:04:13"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/545457"], "description"=>"<p>A, B and C with different ground colors indicate the three different syconia development phases: pre-female phase (Yellow A, ∼6 days), female phase (Green B, ∼4 days), and interfloral phase (Lilac C, ∼30 days). The green circles with different sizes at the bottom indicate the syconia sizes at the different phases. Length of the horizontal line indicates the span of arriving time, and the central point is the hotspot time for the arriving (the arriving individual number is the highest) of each species. Pink, green, and purple lines indicate that the wasps mainly arrive at pre-female, female, and interfloral phase. Brown symbols to the left of the species names mean Species or genus with winged males.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["oviposition", "fig", "wasps"], "article_id"=>215941, "categories"=>["Microbiology", "Plant Biology", "Evolutionary Biology"], "users"=>["Chun-Yan Yang", "Jin-Hua Xiao", "Li-Ming Niu", "Guang-Chang Ma", "James M. Cook", "Sheng-Nan Bian", "Yue-Guan Fu", "Da-Wei Huang"], "doi"=>["https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0048882.g001"], "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>0, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_The_oviposition_timing_of_fig_wasps_in_Ficus_benjamina_/215941", "title"=>"The oviposition timing of fig wasps in <i>Ficus benjamina</i>.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2012-11-08 01:39:01"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/545579"], "description"=>"<p>Two sequences from supergroup C and D are used as outgroups. All of the seven non-recombinant <i>wsp</i> types are indicated. The strains to which some <i>wsp</i> types belonged with previously reported names are also indicated. The three <i>wsp</i> types unique to <i>Ficus benjamina</i> are pointed out with ▴. Wben-2 belongs to supergroup B while the other <i>wsp</i> types belong to supergroup A.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["constructed", "non-recombinant", "sequences", "downloaded", "genbank", "accession", "ids", "annotated"], "article_id"=>216057, "categories"=>["Microbiology", "Plant Biology", "Evolutionary Biology"], "users"=>["Chun-Yan Yang", "Jin-Hua Xiao", "Li-Ming Niu", "Guang-Chang Ma", "James M. Cook", "Sheng-Nan Bian", "Yue-Guan Fu", "Da-Wei Huang"], "doi"=>["https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0048882.g002"], "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>0, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_NJ_tree_constructed_with_the_obtained_non_recombinant_wsp_sequences_and_some_related_sequences_downloaded_from_GenBank_The_accession_IDs_of_the_downloaded_sequences_are_annotated_on_the_tree_/216057", "title"=>"NJ tree constructed with the obtained non-recombinant <i>wsp</i> sequences and some related sequences downloaded from GenBank (The accession IDs of the downloaded sequences are annotated on the tree).", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2012-11-08 01:40:57"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/545698"], "description"=>"<p>HVRs of the seven original non-recombinants and some HVR resources not associated with <i>Ficus benjamina</i> (we named them ‘novel’.) are indicated with different colors. All the 28 recombinant <i>wsp</i> types have different HVRs compositions recombined from the seven non-recombinants or some other HVR resources.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["patterns", "recombinant", "groups"], "article_id"=>216188, "categories"=>["Microbiology", "Plant Biology", "Evolutionary Biology"], "users"=>["Chun-Yan Yang", "Jin-Hua Xiao", "Li-Ming Niu", "Guang-Chang Ma", "James M. Cook", "Sheng-Nan Bian", "Yue-Guan Fu", "Da-Wei Huang"], "doi"=>["https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0048882.g003"], "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>0, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Recombination_patterns_for_the_recombinant_groups_according_to_HVRs_/216188", "title"=>"Recombination patterns for the recombinant groups according to HVRs.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2012-11-08 01:43:08"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/545774"], "description"=>"<p>The outside light-green circle indicates the syconia with the ostiole at the top. The fig wasp species are arranged inside the syconium from the top to the bottom roughly according to their oviposition timing and (or) parasitic relationships. Species with intimate ecological relationships and bear the same <i>wsp</i> type are linked by the same line, with dotted and colored lines indicating the recombinant sequences, while full lines representing non-recombinants. Colorful square impressed on species name corresponding to a specific non-recombinant <i>wsp</i> type indicates that this species mainly bears the specific <i>wsp</i> type. The routes can show that ubiquitous strains 1, 4, 5, and 7 are transmitted from outside world, while the others only exist in this syconium.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["horizontal", "routes", "types"], "article_id"=>216266, "categories"=>["Microbiology", "Plant Biology", "Evolutionary Biology"], "users"=>["Chun-Yan Yang", "Jin-Hua Xiao", "Li-Ming Niu", "Guang-Chang Ma", "James M. Cook", "Sheng-Nan Bian", "Yue-Guan Fu", "Da-Wei Huang"], "doi"=>["https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0048882.g004"], "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>0, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Putative_horizontal_transfer_routes_of_all_the_wsp_types_in_Ficus_benjamina_community_/216266", "title"=>"Putative horizontal transfer routes of all the <i>wsp</i> types in <i>Ficus benjamina</i> community.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2012-11-08 01:44:26"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/545844"], "description"=>"<p>Notes:/indicates no <i>wsp</i> sequences were obtained.</p><p>⧫in <i>Sycophila</i> sp. 3: No <i>wsp</i> sequences were obtained, while the infection frequency of 0.50 was identified by the amplification of 16S sequences of <i>Wolbachia</i><a href=\"http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0048882#pone.0048882-Werren1\" target=\"_blank\">[1]</a>.</p><p>1. SimÕEs PM, Mialdea G, Reiss D, Sagot MF, Charlat S (2011) <i>Wolbachia</i> detection: an assessment of standard PCR protocols. Molecular Ecology Resources 11: 567–572.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["frequencies", "fig", "wasp"], "article_id"=>216334, "categories"=>["Microbiology", "Plant Biology", "Evolutionary Biology"], "users"=>["Chun-Yan Yang", "Jin-Hua Xiao", "Li-Ming Niu", "Guang-Chang Ma", "James M. Cook", "Sheng-Nan Bian", "Yue-Guan Fu", "Da-Wei Huang"], "doi"=>["https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0048882.t001"], "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>0, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Wolbachia_infection_frequencies_of_the_fig_wasp_species_associated_with_Ficus_benjamina_/216334", "title"=>"<i>Wolbachia</i> infection frequencies of the fig wasp species associated with <i>Ficus benjamina</i>.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>3, "published_date"=>"2012-11-08 01:45:34"}

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Relative Metric

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F1000Prime