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{"title"=>"Disentangling the Effects of Risk Factors and Clinical Care on Subnational Variation in Early Neonatal Mortality in the United States", "type"=>"journal", "authors"=>[{"first_name"=>"Lahn D.", "last_name"=>"Straney", "scopus_author_id"=>"23475308200"}, {"first_name"=>"Stephen S.", "last_name"=>"Lim", "scopus_author_id"=>"7404081544"}, {"first_name"=>"Christopher J L", "last_name"=>"Murray", "scopus_author_id"=>"55481130700"}], "year"=>2012, "source"=>"PLoS ONE", "identifiers"=>{"pui"=>"366053769", "sgr"=>"84869140324", "issn"=>"19326203", "pmid"=>"23166659", "scopus"=>"2-s2.0-84869140324", "doi"=>"10.1371/journal.pone.0049399"}, "id"=>"5af28043-e92a-3d7c-9f48-281f24bc0ae4", "abstract"=>"OBJECTIVE: Between 1990 and 2010, the U.S ranking in neonatal mortality slipped from 29(th) to 45(th) among countries globally. Substantial subnational variation in newborn mortality also exists. Our objective is to measure the extent to which trends and subnational variation in early neonatal mortality reflect differences in the prevalence of risk factors (gestational age and birth weight) compared to differences in clinical care.\\n\\nMETHODS: Observational study using linked birth and death data for all births in the United States between 1996 and 2006. We examined health service area (HSA) level variation in the expected early neonatal mortality rate, based on gestational age (GA) and birth-weight (BW), and GA-BW adjusted mortality as a proxy for clinical care. We analyzed the relationship between selected health system indicators and GA-BW-adjusted mortality.\\n\\nRESULTS: The early neonatal death (ENND) rate declined 12% between 1996 and 2006 (2.39 to 2.10 per 1000 live births). This occurred despite increases in risk factor prevalence. There was significant HSA-level variation in the expected ENND rate (Rate Ratio: 0.73-1.47) and the GA-BW adjusted rate (Rate ratio: 0.63-1.68). Accounting for preterm volume (defined as <34 weeks), the number of neonatologist and NICU beds, 25.2% and 58.7% of the HSA-level variance in outcomes was explained among all births and very low birth weight babies, respectively.\\n\\nCONCLUSION: Improvements in mortality could be realized through the expansion or reallocation of clinical neonatal resources, particularly in HSAs with a high volume of preterm births; however, prevention of preterm births and low-birth weight babies has a greater potential to improve newborn survival in the United States.", "link"=>"http://www.mendeley.com/research/disentangling-effects-risk-factors-clinical-care-subnational-variation-early-neonatal-mortality-unit-4", "reader_count"=>10, "reader_count_by_academic_status"=>{"Researcher"=>4, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>2, "Student > Master"=>1, "Student > Bachelor"=>3}, "reader_count_by_user_role"=>{"Researcher"=>4, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>2, "Student > Master"=>1, "Student > Bachelor"=>3}, "reader_count_by_subject_area"=>{"Nursing and Health Professions"=>2, "Medicine and Dentistry"=>7, "Economics, Econometrics and Finance"=>1}, "reader_count_by_subdiscipline"=>{"Medicine and Dentistry"=>{"Medicine and Dentistry"=>7}, "Economics, Econometrics and Finance"=>{"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"=>1}, "Nursing and Health Professions"=>{"Nursing and Health Professions"=>2}}, "reader_count_by_country"=>{"United Kingdom"=>1}, "group_count"=>2}

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• http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001730
• http://doi.org/10.1097/SLA.0000000000001697
• http://doi.org/10.1097/EDE.0000000000000509
• http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0237314
• http://doi.org/10.3390/children6040050
• http://doi.org/10.1007/s11701-019-01003-3
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmu.2015.12.001
• http://doi.org/10.1111/ajt.12748
• http://doi.org/10.18273/revsal.v52n2-2020006

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• {"id"=>"268872975690895360", "text"=>"#PLOSONE: Disentangling the Effects of Risk Factors and Clinical Care on Subnational Var... http://t.co/JBcySrnq", "created_at"=>"2012-11-15T00:28:07Z", "user"=>"CoreySparks1", "user_name"=>"Corey Sparks", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1650465739/CS_Sparks_normal.jpg"}

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• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/543819"], "description"=>"<p>First-stage GA-BW adjustment model for Early Neonatal Deaths among US births (1996–2006).</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["ga-bw", "neonatal", "deaths", "births"], "article_id"=>214316, "categories"=>["Immunology", "Biotechnology", "Cell Biology", "Medicine"], "users"=>["Lahn D. Straney", "Stephen S. Lim", "Christopher J. L. Murray"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0049399.t002", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>3, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/First_stage_GA_BW_adjustment_model_for_Early_Neonatal_Deaths_among_US_births_1996_2006_/214316", "title"=>"First-stage GA-BW adjustment model for Early Neonatal Deaths among US births (1996–2006).", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>3, "published_date"=>"2012-11-14 01:11:56"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/543123"], "description"=>"<p>Expected and Observed ENND rate 1996–2006.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["observed", "ennd"], "article_id"=>213621, "categories"=>["Immunology", "Biotechnology", "Cell Biology", "Medicine"], "users"=>["Lahn D. Straney", "Stephen S. Lim", "Christopher J. L. Murray"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0049399.g001", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>1, "page_views"=>8, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/Expected_and_Observed_ENND_rate_1996_2006_/213621", "title"=>"Expected and Observed ENND rate 1996–2006.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2012-11-14 01:00:21"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/291313"], "description"=>"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Between 1990 and 2010, the U.S ranking in neonatal mortality slipped from 29^th to 45^th among countries globally. Substantial subnational variation in newborn mortality also exists. Our objective is to measure the extent to which trends and subnational variation in early neonatal mortality reflect differences in the prevalence of risk factors (gestational age and birth weight) compared to differences in clinical care.</p> <h3>Methods</h3><p>Observational study using linked birth and death data for all births in the United States between 1996 and 2006. We examined health service area (HSA) level variation in the expected early neonatal mortality rate, based on gestational age (GA) and birth-weight (BW), and GA-BW adjusted mortality as a proxy for clinical care. We analyzed the relationship between selected health system indicators and GA-BW-adjusted mortality.</p> <h3>Results</h3><p>The early neonatal death (ENND) rate declined 12% between 1996 and 2006 (2.39 to 2.10 per 1000 live births). This occurred despite increases in risk factor prevalence. There was significant HSA-level variation in the expected ENND rate (Rate Ratio: 0.73–1.47) and the GA-BW adjusted rate (Rate ratio: 0.63–1.68). Accounting for preterm volume (defined as &lt;34 weeks), the number of neonatologist and NICU beds, 25.2% and 58.7% of the HSA-level variance in outcomes was explained among all births and very low birth weight babies, respectively.</p> <h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Improvements in mortality could be realized through the expansion or reallocation of clinical neonatal resources, particularly in HSAs with a high volume of preterm births; however, prevention of preterm births and low-birth weight babies has a greater potential to improve newborn survival in the United States.</p> </div>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["disentangling", "effects", "factors", "subnational", "neonatal", "united", "states"], "article_id"=>117350, "categories"=>["Immunology", "Biotechnology", "Cell Biology", "Medicine"], "users"=>["Lahn D. Straney", "Stephen S. Lim", "Christopher J. L. Murray"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0049399", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>6, "page_views"=>10, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/Disentangling_the_Effects_of_Risk_Factors_and_Clinical_Care_on_Subnational_Variation_in_Early_Neonatal_Mortality_in_the_United_States/117350", "title"=>"Disentangling the Effects of Risk Factors and Clinical Care on Subnational Variation in Early Neonatal Mortality in the United States", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>3, "published_date"=>"2012-11-14 02:02:30"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/543798"], "description"=>"<p>Variance in GA-BW adjusted ENN mortality explained by HSA covariates (2004–2006).</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["ga-bw", "adjusted", "enn", "explained", "hsa", "covariates"], "article_id"=>214288, "categories"=>["Immunology", "Biotechnology", "Cell Biology", "Medicine"], "users"=>["Lahn D. Straney", "Stephen S. Lim", "Christopher J. L. Murray"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0049399.t004", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>5, "page_views"=>5, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/Variance_in_GA_BW_adjusted_ENN_mortality_explained_by_HSA_covariates_2004_2006_/214288", "title"=>"Variance in GA-BW adjusted ENN mortality explained by HSA covariates (2004–2006).", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>3, "published_date"=>"2012-11-14 01:11:28"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/543857"], "description"=>"*<p>Refers to period 2004–2006.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["hsa-level", "covariates", "ga-bw", "adjusted", "neonatal"], "article_id"=>214350, "categories"=>["Immunology", "Biotechnology", "Cell Biology", "Medicine"], "users"=>["Lahn D. Straney", "Stephen S. Lim", "Christopher J. L. Murray"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0049399.t003", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>2, "page_views"=>8, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/Univarite_relationship_between_HSA_level_covariates_and_GA_BW_adjusted_early_neonatal_mortality_2004_2006_/214350", "title"=>"Univarite relationship between HSA-level covariates and GA-BW adjusted early neonatal mortality (2004–2006).", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>3, "published_date"=>"2012-11-14 01:12:30"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/543617"], "description"=>"<p>Ratio of the GA-BW adjusted early neonatal mortality rate compared to national average by HSA, 2004–2006.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["ga-bw", "adjusted", "neonatal", "compared"], "article_id"=>214108, "categories"=>["Immunology", "Biotechnology", "Cell Biology", "Medicine"], "users"=>["Lahn D. Straney", "Stephen S. Lim", "Christopher J. L. Murray"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0049399.g003", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>4, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/Ratio_of_the_GA_BW_adjusted_early_neonatal_mortality_rate_compared_to_national_average_by_HSA_2004_2006_/214108", "title"=>"Ratio of the GA-BW adjusted early neonatal mortality rate compared to national average by HSA, 2004–2006.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2012-11-14 01:08:28"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/543884"], "description"=>"*<p>Preterm was defined as a birth before 34 weeks gestation.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["public health and epidemiology", "epidemiology", "obstetrics", "pediatrics and child health"], "article_id"=>214378, "categories"=>["Immunology", "Biotechnology", "Cell Biology", "Medicine"], "users"=>["Lahn D. Straney", "Stephen S. Lim", "Christopher J. L. Murray"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0049399.t001", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>1, "page_views"=>4, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/Health_Service_Area_HSA_covariates_/214378", "title"=>"Health Service Area (HSA) covariates.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>3, "published_date"=>"2012-11-14 01:12:58"}

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Relative Metric

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F1000Prime