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{"title"=>"Ginkgo Biloba Extract and Long-Term Cognitive Decline: A 20-Year Follow-Up Population-Based Study", "type"=>"journal", "authors"=>[{"first_name"=>"Hélène", "last_name"=>"Amieva", "scopus_author_id"=>"6701611424"}, {"first_name"=>"Céline", "last_name"=>"Meillon", "scopus_author_id"=>"44361382500"}, {"first_name"=>"Catherine", "last_name"=>"Helmer", "scopus_author_id"=>"7003507426"}, {"first_name"=>"Pascale", "last_name"=>"Barberger-Gateau", "scopus_author_id"=>"7006725989"}, {"first_name"=>"Jean François", "last_name"=>"Dartigues", "scopus_author_id"=>"7101729170"}], "year"=>2013, "source"=>"PLoS ONE", "identifiers"=>{"issn"=>"19326203", "isbn"=>"1932-6203", "pui"=>"368102956", "sgr"=>"84872344995", "doi"=>"10.1371/journal.pone.0052755", "scopus"=>"2-s2.0-84872344995", "pmid"=>"23326356"}, "id"=>"df89bf1b-481c-3297-8d72-e989093c9cd3", "abstract"=>"BACKGROUND Numerous studies have looked at the potential benefits of various nootropic drugs such as Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb761®; Tanakan®) and piracetam (Nootropyl®) on age-related cognitive decline often leading to inconclusive results due to small sample sizes or insufficient follow-up duration. The present study assesses the association between intake of EGb761® and cognitive function of elderly adults over a 20-year period. METHODS AND FINDINGS The data were gathered from the prospective community-based cohort study 'Paquid'. Within the study sample of 3612 non-demented participants aged 65 and over at baseline, three groups were compared: 589 subjects reporting use of EGb761® at at least one of the ten assessment visits, 149 subjects reporting use of piracetam at one of the assessment visits and 2874 subjects not reporting use of either EGb761® or piracetam. Decline on MMSE, verbal fluency and visual memory over the 20-year follow-up was analysed with a multivariate mixed linear effects model. A significant difference in MMSE decline over the 20-year follow-up was observed in the EGb761® and piracetam treatment groups compared to the 'neither treatment' group. These effects were in opposite directions: the EGb761® group declined less rapidly than the 'neither treatment' group, whereas the piracetam group declined more rapidly (β = -0.6). Regarding verbal fluency and visual memory, no difference was observed between the EGb761® group and the 'neither treatment' group (respectively, β = 0.21 and β = -0.03), whereas the piracetam group declined more rapidly (respectively, β = -1.40 and β = -0.44). When comparing the EGb761® and piracetam groups directly, a different decline was observed for the three tests (respectively β = -1.07, β = -1.61 and β = -0.41). CONCLUSION Cognitive decline in a non-demented elderly population was lower in subjects who reported using EGb761® than in those who did not. This effect may be a specific medication effect of EGb761®, since it was not observed for another nootropic medication, piracetam.", "link"=>"http://www.mendeley.com/research/ginkgo-biloba-extract-longterm-cognitive-decline-20year-followup-populationbased-study", "reader_count"=>48, "reader_count_by_academic_status"=>{"Librarian"=>1, "Researcher"=>5, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>3, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>3, "Student > Postgraduate"=>4, "Other"=>5, "Student > Master"=>6, "Student > Bachelor"=>19, "Lecturer"=>2}, "reader_count_by_user_role"=>{"Librarian"=>1, "Researcher"=>5, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>3, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>3, "Student > Postgraduate"=>4, "Other"=>5, "Student > Master"=>6, "Student > Bachelor"=>19, "Lecturer"=>2}, "reader_count_by_subject_area"=>{"Nursing and Health Professions"=>3, "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>2, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>9, "Medicine and Dentistry"=>14, "Neuroscience"=>4, "Arts and Humanities"=>1, "Business, Management and Accounting"=>1, "Veterinary Science and Veterinary Medicine"=>1, "Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science"=>3, "Psychology"=>7, "Chemistry"=>2, "Earth and Planetary Sciences"=>1}, "reader_count_by_subdiscipline"=>{"Medicine and Dentistry"=>{"Medicine and Dentistry"=>14}, "Neuroscience"=>{"Neuroscience"=>4}, "Chemistry"=>{"Chemistry"=>2}, "Psychology"=>{"Psychology"=>7}, "Earth and Planetary Sciences"=>{"Earth and Planetary Sciences"=>1}, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>{"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>9}, "Nursing and Health Professions"=>{"Nursing and Health Professions"=>3}, "Business, Management and Accounting"=>{"Business, Management and Accounting"=>1}, "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>{"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>2}, "Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science"=>{"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science"=>3}, "Arts and Humanities"=>{"Arts and Humanities"=>1}, "Veterinary Science and Veterinary Medicine"=>{"Veterinary Science and Veterinary Medicine"=>1}}, "reader_count_by_country"=>{"Canada"=>1, "Slovakia"=>1, "Israel"=>1, "Switzerland"=>1}, "group_count"=>4}

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• {"type"=>"COMMENT", "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/annotation/4c408bf5-fdc2-4f7f-8ab0-138ae5b55934", "title"=>"Media Coverage of This Article", "body"=>"The following article represents some of the media coverage that has occurred for this paper:\n\nPublication: Business Wire \nTitle: “New Study: Ginkgo Special Extract EGb 761 Protects against Memory Loss”\nhttp://www.businesswire.com/portal/site/topix/index.jsp?ndmViewId=news_view&newsId=20130114005587&newsLang=en&ndmConfigId=1000639&vnsId=41\n\nIf you see any additional coverage of this paper in the press or blogosphere, please reply to this thread and add the link to the article. \n", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2013-01-18T23:32:07Z", "lastModified"=>"2013-01-18T23:32:07Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"80539"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>true, "body"=>"PLOS ONE Staff"}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0052755", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSONE"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSONE", "eIssn"=>"1932-6203", "title"=>"PLOS ONE"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>0, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2013-01-18T23:32:07Z", "replies"=>[]}
• {"type"=>"COMMENT", "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/annotation/2e41e590-c5ac-45df-8f81-c4e41fc0e9af", "title"=>"Mistake in legends in Figure 2?", "body"=>"According graph in Figure 2 Egb761 shows lowest MMSE baseline and endpoint values? Is it correct? ", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2013-02-09T14:32:11Z", "lastModified"=>"2013-02-09T14:32:11Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"309621"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>false}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0052755", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSONE"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSONE", "eIssn"=>"1932-6203", "title"=>"PLOS ONE"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>0, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2013-02-09T14:32:11Z", "replies"=>[]}
• {"type"=>"COMMENT", "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/annotation/ddb97e55-9172-44e0-b9eb-f07bb91a7f2b", "title"=>"Mistake in the legend of figure 2 (comment from author)", "body"=>"There is a mistake in the legend of figure 2.\nThe highest curve -- - -- - -- corresponds to EGb761 while the the curve - - - - - corrresponds to piracetam.\n", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2013-03-01T16:40:21Z", "lastModified"=>"2013-03-01T16:40:21Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"315907"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>false}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0052755", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSONE"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSONE", "eIssn"=>"1932-6203", "title"=>"PLOS ONE"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>0, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2013-03-01T16:40:21Z", "replies"=>[]}
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• {"id"=>"289857459592499200", "text"=>"#PLOSONE: Ginkgo Biloba Extract and Long-Term Cognitive Decline: A 20-Year Follow-Up Population-Based Study http://t.co/6cy4phuw", "created_at"=>"2013-01-11T22:12:58Z", "user"=>"QuestAnswers", "user_name"=>"Paul Whiteley", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1609208888/bloggerimg_normal.JPG"}
• {"id"=>"290203647223148544", "text"=>"Ginkgo Biloba Extract and Long-Term Cognitive Decline: A 20-Year Follow-Up Population-Based Study – http://t.co/zXWcuzPV", "created_at"=>"2013-01-12T21:08:35Z", "user"=>"DrEscotet", "user_name"=>"Miguel Angel Escotet", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1435826315/Esc11_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"290269333056270336", "text"=>"RT @DrEscotet: Ginkgo Biloba Extract and Long-Term Cognitive Decline: A 20-Year Follow-Up Population-Based Study – http://t.co/zXWcuzPV", "created_at"=>"2013-01-13T01:29:36Z", "user"=>"DiaNeuroSci", "user_name"=>"Diane I. Fitch", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3076000075/3c27dc3b63161980967d4ed7dcf2aafd_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"290288323681980416", "text"=>"RT @DrEscotet: Ginkgo Biloba Extract and Long-Term Cognitive Decline: A 20-Year Follow-Up Population-Based Study – http://t.co/zXWcuzPV", "created_at"=>"2013-01-13T02:45:04Z", "user"=>"BlueRaveFinn", "user_name"=>"Lisa T", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2554166492/RL0J8jyV_normal"}
• {"id"=>"290719310865920000", "text"=>"GINGKO BILOBA | Japanse notenboom. Extract zou cognitieve teruggang remmen. Studie over 20 jaar: extract werkt echt: http://t.co/oLPuCgNO", "created_at"=>"2013-01-14T07:17:39Z", "user"=>"Lectoraat_GGZ", "user_name"=>"Jaap van der Stel", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1377276100/Yaap.442_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"290732836749721602", "text"=>"RT @Lectoraat_GGZ: GINGKO BILOBA | Japanse notenboom. Extract zou cognitieve teruggang remmen. Studie over 20 jaar: extract werkt echt: http://t.co/oLPuCgNO", "created_at"=>"2013-01-14T08:11:24Z", "user"=>"fritsweijs", "user_name"=>"Frits Weijschede", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3029692305/9e436ae4e9c0e02f86fc1d3a22ce7f4a_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"290819187226578944", "text"=>"RT @Lectoraat_GGZ: GINGKO BILOBA | Japanse notenboom. Extract zou cognitieve teruggang remmen. Studie over 20 jaar: extract werkt echt: http://t.co/oLPuCgNO", "created_at"=>"2013-01-14T13:54:32Z", "user"=>"Matthijs85", "user_name"=>"Matthijs Pontier", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2793347727/ce9f0fdabf7804b8970c5584861219ec_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"292694775390429184", "text"=>"#PLOSONE: Ginkgo Biloba Extract and Long-Term Cognitive Decline: A 20-Year Follow-Up Population-Based Study http://t.co/2V6q0F6X", "created_at"=>"2013-01-19T18:07:27Z", "user"=>"Tukulti_Ninurta", "user_name"=>"Francesco", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1590655645/Francis_cube1_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"293087008245575681", "text"=>"Cognitive decline in a non-demented elderly population was lower in subjects who reported using EGb761® vs. piracetam http://t.co/wi0F3gZh", "created_at"=>"2013-01-20T20:06:02Z", "user"=>"psychopharmacol", "user_name"=>"PfOL", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2830482820/807081bed5a5e187e66d1ee599767313_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"293504935771901953", "text"=>"Cognitive decline in a non-demented elderly population was lower in subjects who reported using Ginkgo biloba extract http://t.co/pVUIt7UZ", "created_at"=>"2013-01-21T23:46:44Z", "user"=>"blackmoresinst", "user_name"=>"Blackmores Institute", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2781977963/aa5c9fa1c9e1c6ab468d1492ee0ff640_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"294784408605585409", "text"=>"Ginkgo Biloba & Cognitive Decline in elderly: 20-Year Population Study |PlosOne http://t.co/7ffYku55 impact on MMSE scores, but not memory", "created_at"=>"2013-01-25T12:30:54Z", "user"=>"Keith_Laws", "user_name"=>"Keith R Laws", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3043510360/6913555808fb1f7648b3b18b738c4338_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"301618585481138176", "text"=>"Studie:\nGinkgo-Extrakt schützt vor Demenz; hingegen verschlechtert die Einnahme eines chemischen Antidementivums... http://t.co/Arvqa7AW", "created_at"=>"2013-02-13T09:07:29Z", "user"=>"marcusschaub", "user_name"=>"Marcus Schaub", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2092856493/20120315_DSC0970ausschnitt.66__normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"303448925413703681", "text"=>"#Ginkgo and #memory: new long-term #PAQUID study. http://t.co/jdnkQyHF", "created_at"=>"2013-02-18T10:20:36Z", "user"=>"theginkgopages", "user_name"=>"The Ginkgo Tweets", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3222182450/9c47e5d5c85ebc08469997076dd911a5_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"428548371666567168", "text"=>"2013 Study shows less cognitive decline in those who use #GingkoBiloba #Memory #Brain #healthy http://t.co/GUjge7gWu7", "created_at"=>"2014-01-29T15:21:08Z", "user"=>"BoosterJMarchRd", "user_name"=>"BoosterJuice MarchRd", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/378800000736503831/28a2008cb4d23fab236c7bab1b312e55_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"428556731774300160", "text"=>"RT @BoosterJMarchRd: 2013 Study shows less cognitive decline in those who use #GingkoBiloba #Memory #Brain #healthy http://t.co/GUjge7gWu7", "created_at"=>"2014-01-29T15:54:21Z", "user"=>"BoosterJBarrhav", "user_name"=>"BoosterJuice Barrhav", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/378800000731322585/6af56ba0db5cdc7280317ad0401f5cfd_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"756159576962134016", "text"=>"20-year cohort study: cognitive decline was lower among those using Ginkgo than those using Piracetam or neither https://t.co/Mzf7mgBnRs", "created_at"=>"2016-07-21T16:11:06Z", "user"=>"thrivous", "user_name"=>"Thrivous", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/703376532400517120/9eLvHLTv_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"756161989580165121", "text"=>"RT @thrivous: 20-year cohort study: cognitive decline was lower among those using Ginkgo than those using Piracetam or neither https://t.co…", "created_at"=>"2016-07-21T16:20:41Z", "user"=>"lincolncannonco", "user_name"=>"Lincoln Cannon LLC", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/647889873978785792/K3WBDeB9_normal.png"}

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Figshare

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• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/509081"], "description"=>"1<p>Covariates: age, gender, educational level, MMSE score at inclusion, depressive symptomatology and memory complaints.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["outcomes", "years", "paquid", "cohort", "subjects", "receiving", "piracetam", "compared", "linear"], "article_id"=>179567, "categories"=>["Medicine", "Neuroscience", "Mental Health", "Biotechnology"], "users"=>["Hélène Amieva", "Céline Meillon", "Catherine Helmer", "Pascale Barberger-Gateau", "Jean François Dartigues"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0052755.t003", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>8, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Comparison_of_change_in_cognitive_outcomes_over_twenty_years_in_the_PAQUID_cohort_in_subjects_receiving_EGb761_174_n_8202_8202_589_or_piracetam_n_8202_8202_149_compared_to_the_8216_neither_treatment_8217_group_n_8202_8202_2874_mixed_linear_effects_model_/179567", "title"=>"Comparison of change in cognitive outcomes over twenty years in the PAQUID cohort in subjects receiving EGb761® (n = 589) or piracetam (n = 149) compared to the ‘neither treatment’ group (n = 2874) (mixed linear effects model).", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>3, "published_date"=>"2013-02-19 17:12:34"}
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PMC Usage Stats | Further Information

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Relative Metric

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F1000Prime