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{"title"=>"Global and Local Concerns: What Attitudes and Beliefs Motivate Farmers to Mitigate and Adapt to Climate Change?", "type"=>"journal", "authors"=>[{"first_name"=>"Van R.", "last_name"=>"Haden", "scopus_author_id"=>"17134575600"}, {"first_name"=>"Meredith T.", "last_name"=>"Niles", "scopus_author_id"=>"55178137700"}, {"first_name"=>"Mark", "last_name"=>"Lubell", "scopus_author_id"=>"7005637546"}, {"first_name"=>"Joshua", "last_name"=>"Perlman", "scopus_author_id"=>"55536546600"}, {"first_name"=>"Louise E.", "last_name"=>"Jackson", "scopus_author_id"=>"7402099228"}], "year"=>2012, "source"=>"PLoS ONE", "identifiers"=>{"issn"=>"19326203", "scopus"=>"2-s2.0-84871596576", "sgr"=>"84871596576", "pui"=>"366343836", "isbn"=>"1932-6203", "pmid"=>"23300805", "doi"=>"10.1371/journal.pone.0052882"}, "id"=>"0563a565-59b0-3076-b267-9848b1bafa3c", "abstract"=>"In response to agriculture's vulnerability and contribution to climate change, many governments are developing initiatives that promote the adoption of mitigation and adaptation practices among farmers. Since most climate policies affecting agriculture rely on voluntary efforts by individual farmers, success requires a sound understanding of the factors that motivate farmers to change practices. Recent evidence suggests that past experience with the effects of climate change and the psychological distance associated with people's concern for global and local impacts can influence environmental behavior. Here we surveyed farmers in a representative rural county in California's Central Valley to examine how their intention to adopt mitigation and adaptation practices is influenced by previous climate experiences and their global and local concerns about climate change. Perceived changes in water availability had significant effects on farmers' intention to adopt mitigation and adaptation strategies, which were mediated through global and local concerns respectively. This suggests that mitigation is largely motivated by psychologically distant concerns and beliefs about climate change, while adaptation is driven by psychologically proximate concerns for local impacts. This match between attitudes and behaviors according to the psychological distance at which they are cognitively construed indicates that policy and outreach initiatives may benefit by framing climate impacts and behavioral goals concordantly; either in a global context for mitigation or a local context for adaptation.", "link"=>"http://www.mendeley.com/research/global-local-concerns-attitudes-beliefs-motivate-farmers-mitigate-adapt-climate-change", "reader_count"=>181, "reader_count_by_academic_status"=>{"Unspecified"=>7, "Professor > Associate Professor"=>2, "Librarian"=>2, "Researcher"=>31, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>6, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>41, "Student > Postgraduate"=>10, "Student > Master"=>46, "Other"=>6, "Student > Bachelor"=>17, "Lecturer"=>5, "Professor"=>8}, "reader_count_by_user_role"=>{"Unspecified"=>7, "Professor > Associate Professor"=>2, "Librarian"=>2, "Researcher"=>31, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>6, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>41, "Student > Postgraduate"=>10, "Student > Master"=>46, "Other"=>6, "Student > Bachelor"=>17, "Lecturer"=>5, "Professor"=>8}, "reader_count_by_subject_area"=>{"Unspecified"=>17, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>36, "Business, Management and Accounting"=>2, "Earth and Planetary Sciences"=>11, "Economics, Econometrics and Finance"=>6, "Engineering"=>3, "Environmental Science"=>48, "Nursing and Health Professions"=>1, "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>1, "Mathematics"=>1, "Medicine and Dentistry"=>2, "Psychology"=>17, "Social Sciences"=>36}, "reader_count_by_subdiscipline"=>{"Medicine and Dentistry"=>{"Medicine and Dentistry"=>2}, "Social Sciences"=>{"Social Sciences"=>36}, "Psychology"=>{"Psychology"=>17}, "Mathematics"=>{"Mathematics"=>1}, "Unspecified"=>{"Unspecified"=>17}, "Environmental Science"=>{"Environmental Science"=>48}, "Engineering"=>{"Engineering"=>3}, "Earth and Planetary Sciences"=>{"Earth and Planetary Sciences"=>11}, "Economics, Econometrics and Finance"=>{"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"=>6}, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>{"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>36}, "Business, Management and Accounting"=>{"Business, Management and Accounting"=>2}, "Nursing and Health Professions"=>{"Nursing and Health Professions"=>1}, "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>{"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>1}}, "reader_count_by_country"=>{"United States"=>7, "Uganda"=>1, "United Kingdom"=>1, "Kenya"=>1, "India"=>1}, "group_count"=>18}

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• {"type"=>"COMMENT", "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/annotation/bb435b75-5afe-4dc8-85d4-78587dcedadb", "title"=>"Posted by the authors as an addendum to Haden et al. 2012 PLoS ONE on February 1, 2013.", "body"=>"It has just come to the attention of the authors of this paper that two articles from Sanna et al. [1, 2] which we cite have recently been retracted from their respective journals at the request of their authors. The first article was retracted from Psychological Science while our paper was in review with PLoS ONE [3]. The second article was retracted from the Journal of Experimental Social Psychology after our paper was already published [4]. My coauthors and I were all unaware of these retractions until January 27th 2013, thus could not have taken measures to remove these citations from our paper prior to its publication on December 26th 2012. Needless to say we were disappointed to hear about retractions of the Sanna et al. papers.\n\nThe lead author stated in his letters to each journal editor as follows:\n“The data reported in this article are invalid and should not be considered part of the scientific literature. The responsibility for this problem rests solely with the first author, Lawrence J. Sanna, and the co-authors are in no way responsible for this problem.” [3,4]\n\nNow that we are aware of the retractions, we feel an obligation to the scientific community to recommend that they avoid citing the Sanna et al. papers in any future publications. We would have preferred to revise our own paper to remove the citations completely, but the Editorial Staff at PLoS ONE has informed us that the most appropriate forum to communicate with readers in cases such as these is through this online “Comments” page. Since the Sanna et al. references must remain in our paper; we wish to apologize in advance to any well-meaning scientists that are mistakenly led down fruitless paths. We hope the retraction notices issued by the other journals, and which we list among our references below, will limit future problems.\n\nWe also feel obliged to the scientific community to offer a candid assessment of how the retracted Sanna et al. citations may or may not affect our paper. We believe the impact is quite superficial and offer the following points for our readers to consider: \n\nFirst, none of the coauthors of our paper has ever had any contact with Dr. Sanna. \n\nSecond, the papers in question have no bearing whatsoever on our survey design, the handling of our survey data, or the statistical approach that we employ to test our hypotheses. \n\nThird, while the retracted papers do provide a minor piece of the literature review for our paper, only one sentence in the introduction and one sentence in the discussion touch on the retracted studies. And while the data presented by Sanna et al. have been removed from the scientific record, the notion that high level construal may lead people to act in cooperative rather than self-interested ways remains a valid and testable hypothesis. In fact, our results lend support to this hypothesis and contribute to the growing body of work assembled by a wide range of scientists who are showing how Construal Level Theory (CLT) can be usefully applied to an array of fields including negotiation, self-control, and environmental decision making [5,6,7]. The well-established literature on CLT goes back more than a decade and there is broad consensus in the field of social psychology that it will continue to be a very useful theoretical framework [8].\n\nHaving made these three points, we feel that our paper remains a scientifically sound contribution to the literature, albeit with rather dreadful luck and timing in respect to the Sanna retractions. But looking ahead and not behind, we invite our readers to use the “Comments” forum provided by PLoS ONE to share your thoughts on our paper. We will make every effort to reply to your comments whenever we have the time.\n\nBest Regards,\nVan R. Haden, Meredith T. Niles, Mark Lubell, Josh Perlman, and Louise E. Jackson\n\nReferences:\n1. Sanna, L.J., Chang, E.C., Parks, C.D., and Kennedy, L.A. (2009) Construing collective concerns: Increasing cooperation by broadening construals in social dilemmas. Psychological Science, 20:1319–1321. \n\n2. Sanna L.J., Lundberg K.B., Parks C.D., and Chang E.C. (2010) “RETRACTED: Think and act globally, think and act locally: Cooperation depends on matching construal to action levels in social dilemmas,” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 46(6):1126–1129.\n\n3. Sanna, L.J., Chang, E.C., Parks, C.D., and Kennedy, L.A.(2012) “Retraction of ‘Co\nnstruing Collective Concerns: Increasing Cooperation by Broadening Construals in Social Dilemmas’,” Psychological Science, 23(8):949–949, Published Aug. 2012.\n\n4. Sanna L.J., Lundberg K.B., Parks C.D., and Chang E.C, (2013) “Retraction notice to ‘Think and act globally, think and act locally: Cooperation depends on matching construal to action levels in social dilemmas’ [Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 46 (2010) 1126–1129],” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. Published Jan. 2013.\n\n5. Henderson, M. D., & Trope, Y. (2009) The effects of abstraction on integrative agreements: When seeing the forest helps avoid getting tangled in the trees. Social Cognition, 27:399–415.\n\n6. Fujita, K., Trope, Y., Liberman, N., and Levin-Sagi, M. (2006) Construal levels and self-control. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90: 351–367.\n\n7. Spence A., Poortinga W., and Pidgeon N.F. (2012) The psychological distance of climate change. Risk Analysis, 32(6): 957–972. \n\n8. Trope, Y., and Liberman, N. (2010). Construal-level theory of psychological distance, Psychological Review, 117(2):440–463.\n", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2013-02-01T23:09:09Z", "lastModified"=>"2013-02-01T23:09:09Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"307301"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>false}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0052882", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSONE"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSONE", "eIssn"=>"1932-6203", "title"=>"PLOS ONE"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>0, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2013-02-01T23:09:09Z", "replies"=>[]}

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Figshare

• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/518459"], "description"=>"<p>Mean likelihood of farmers adopting various mitigation and adaptation practices as measured on a 5 point scale.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["farmers", "adopting", "mitigation", "adaptation", "practices"], "article_id"=>188952, "categories"=>["Science Policy", "Ecology", "Neuroscience"], "users"=>["Van R. Haden", "Meredith T. Niles", "Mark Lubell", "Joshua Perlman", "Louise E. Jackson"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0052882.g001", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>1, "page_views"=>3, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Mean_likelihood_of_farmers_adopting_various_mitigation_and_adaptation_practices_as_measured_on_a_5_point_scale_/188952", "title"=>"Mean likelihood of farmers adopting various mitigation and adaptation practices as measured on a 5 point scale.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2012-12-26 02:29:12"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/518575"], "description"=>"<p>Values provided are unstandardized <i>b</i> coefficients indicating the strength of the relationship between variables. Solid arrows represent a significant effect between variables in the pathway (P≤0.05), while broken arrows indicate no significant effect. Overall R² and P values associated with prediction of dependent variables are listed for each model.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["models", "examining", "indirect", "mitigation"], "article_id"=>189069, "categories"=>["Science Policy", "Ecology", "Neuroscience"], "users"=>["Van R. Haden", "Meredith T. Niles", "Mark Lubell", "Joshua Perlman", "Louise E. Jackson"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0052882.g002", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>11, "page_views"=>175, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Multiple_mediation_models_examining_the_direct_and_indirect_effects_of_perceived_change_in_local_climate_water_temperature_on_farmers_willingness_to_adopt_climate_change_mitigation_practices_/189069", "title"=>"Multiple-mediation models examining the direct and indirect effects of perceived change in local climate (water, temperature) on farmers' willingness to adopt climate change mitigation practices.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2012-12-26 02:31:09"}
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• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/280913", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/281084", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/281137", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/281201", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/281270"], "description"=>"<div><p>In response to agriculture's vulnerability and contribution to climate change, many governments are developing initiatives that promote the adoption of mitigation and adaptation practices among farmers. Since most climate policies affecting agriculture rely on voluntary efforts by individual farmers, success requires a sound understanding of the factors that motivate farmers to change practices. Recent evidence suggests that past experience with the effects of climate change and the psychological distance associated with people's concern for global and local impacts can influence environmental behavior. Here we surveyed farmers in a representative rural county in California's Central Valley to examine how their intention to adopt mitigation and adaptation practices is influenced by previous climate experiences and their global and local concerns about climate change. Perceived changes in water availability had significant effects on farmers' intention to adopt mitigation and adaptation strategies, which were mediated through global and local concerns respectively. This suggests that mitigation is largely motivated by psychologically distant concerns and beliefs about climate change, while adaptation is driven by psychologically proximate concerns for local impacts. This match between attitudes and behaviors according to the psychological distance at which they are cognitively construed indicates that policy and outreach initiatives may benefit by framing climate impacts and behavioral goals concordantly; either in a global context for mitigation or a local context for adaptation.</p> </div>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["attitudes", "beliefs", "farmers", "mitigate"], "article_id"=>115396, "categories"=>["Science Policy", "Ecology", "Neuroscience"], "users"=>["Van R. Haden", "Meredith T. Niles", "Mark Lubell", "Joshua Perlman", "Louise E. Jackson"], "doi"=>["https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0052882.s001", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0052882.s002", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0052882.s003", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0052882.s004", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0052882.s005"], "stats"=>{"downloads"=>51, "page_views"=>16, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/Global_and_Local_Concerns_What_Attitudes_and_Beliefs_Motivate_Farmers_to_Mitigate_and_Adapt_to_Climate_Change__/115396", "title"=>"Global and Local Concerns: What Attitudes and Beliefs Motivate Farmers to Mitigate and Adapt to Climate Change?", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>4, "published_date"=>"2012-12-26 01:29:56"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/518663"], "description"=>"<p>Values provided are unstandardized <i>b</i> coefficients indicating the strength of the relationship between variables. Solid arrows represent a significant effect between variables in the pathway (P<0.05), while broken arrows indicate no significant effect. Overall R² and P values associated with prediction of dependent variables are listed for each model.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["models", "examining", "indirect", "adaptation"], "article_id"=>189153, "categories"=>["Science Policy", "Ecology", "Neuroscience"], "users"=>["Van R. Haden", "Meredith T. Niles", "Mark Lubell", "Joshua Perlman", "Louise E. Jackson"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0052882.g003", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>1, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Multiple_mediation_models_examining_the_direct_and_indirect_effects_of_perceived_change_in_local_climate_water_temperature_on_farmers_willingness_to_adopt_climate_change_adaptation_practices_/189153", "title"=>"Multiple-mediation models examining the direct and indirect effects of perceived change in local climate (water, temperature) on farmers' willingness to adopt climate change adaptation practices.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2012-12-26 02:32:33"}

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Relative Metric

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F1000Prime