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{"title"=>"There Is No Free Won't: Antecedent Brain Activity Predicts Decisions to Inhibit", "type"=>"journal", "authors"=>[{"first_name"=>"Elisa", "last_name"=>"Filevich", "scopus_author_id"=>"54998006600"}, {"first_name"=>"Simone", "last_name"=>"Kühn", "scopus_author_id"=>"26121270600"}, {"first_name"=>"Patrick", "last_name"=>"Haggard", "scopus_author_id"=>"7005933195"}], "year"=>2013, "source"=>"PLoS ONE", "identifiers"=>{"scopus"=>"2-s2.0-84873909171", "sgr"=>"84873909171", "issn"=>"19326203", "arxiv"=>"1203.2655", "doi"=>"10.1371/journal.pone.0053053", "pmid"=>"23418420", "isbn"=>"1932-6203 (Electronic)\\r1932-6203 (Linking)", "pui"=>"368342500"}, "id"=>"f979de90-50eb-35c4-954c-e5a493cedfe5", "abstract"=>"Inhibition of prepotent action is an important aspect of self-control, particularly in social contexts. Action inhibition and its neural bases have been extensively studied. However, the neural precursors of free decisions to inhibit have hardly been studied. We asked participants to freely choose to either make a rapid key press in response to a visual cue, or to transiently inhibit action, and briefly delay responding. The task required a behavioural response on each trial, so trials involving inhibition could be distinguished from those without inhibition as those showing slower reaction times. We used this criterion to classify free-choice trials as either rapid or inhibited/delayed. For 13 participants, we measured the mean amplitude of the ERP activity at electrode Cz in three subsequent 50 ms time windows prior to the onset of the signal that either instructed to respond or inhibit, or gave participants a free choice. In two of these 50 ms time windows (-150 to -100, and -100 to -50 ms relative to action onset), the amplitude of prestimulus ERP differed between trials where participants \"freely\" chose whether to inhibit or to respond rapidly. Larger prestimulus ERP amplitudes were associated with trials in which participants decided to act rapidly as compared to trials in which they decided to delay their responses. Last-moment decisions to inhibit or delay may depend on unconscious preparatory neural activity.", "link"=>"http://www.mendeley.com/research/free-wont-antecedent-brain-activity-predicts-decisions-inhibit", "reader_count"=>26, "reader_count_by_academic_status"=>{"Unspecified"=>5, "Professor > Associate Professor"=>1, "Researcher"=>6, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>2, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>3, "Student > Master"=>2, "Student > Bachelor"=>6, "Professor"=>1}, "reader_count_by_user_role"=>{"Unspecified"=>5, "Professor > Associate Professor"=>1, "Researcher"=>6, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>2, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>3, "Student > Master"=>2, "Student > Bachelor"=>6, "Professor"=>1}, "reader_count_by_subject_area"=>{"Unspecified"=>7, "Mathematics"=>1, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>2, "Neuroscience"=>3, "Arts and Humanities"=>1, "Physics and Astronomy"=>1, "Psychology"=>10, "Social Sciences"=>1}, "reader_count_by_subdiscipline"=>{"Neuroscience"=>{"Neuroscience"=>3}, "Social Sciences"=>{"Social Sciences"=>1}, "Physics and Astronomy"=>{"Physics and Astronomy"=>1}, "Psychology"=>{"Psychology"=>10}, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>{"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>2}, "Mathematics"=>{"Mathematics"=>1}, "Unspecified"=>{"Unspecified"=>7}, "Arts and Humanities"=>{"Arts and Humanities"=>1}}, "reader_count_by_country"=>{"United States"=>1, "United Kingdom"=>2, "Switzerland"=>1, "Germany"=>1}, "group_count"=>0}

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• http://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-43733-2
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2013.12.004
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.09.033
• http://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-016-4600-1
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2017.06.030
• http://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01193
• http://doi.org/10.1038/srep28236
• http://doi.org/10.1080/10407413.2013.810475
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.npbr.2013.07.003
• http://doi.org/10.1093/nc/niv009
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2015.12.067
• http://doi.org/10.1007/s11245-013-9187-6
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.10.017
• http://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2016.00262

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• {"id"=>"301905762198904832", "text"=>"PLoS1 open access - \"No Free Won't\" http://t.co/aeZ4DmIw", "created_at"=>"2013-02-14T04:08:37Z", "user"=>"dfjpt", "user_name"=>"Diane Jacobs", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/404558727/mugshot_normal.gif"}
• {"id"=>"301968431673118721", "text"=>"RT @dfjpt: PLoS1 open access - \"No Free Won't\" http://t.co/aeZ4DmIw", "created_at"=>"2013-02-14T08:17:39Z", "user"=>"argoicoechea", "user_name"=>"Arturo Goicoechea", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1195605571/Arturo_en_Noticias_de_Alava_recortada_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"302066928011325442", "text"=>"RT @dfjpt: PLoS1 open access - \"No Free Won't\" http://t.co/aeZ4DmIw", "created_at"=>"2013-02-14T14:49:02Z", "user"=>"pitiklinov", "user_name"=>"Pitiklinov", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2418411182/8itdeog6zugruvad1bue_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"302384536786964481", "text"=>"Una amiga dice: There Is No Free Won’t: Antecedent Brain Activity Predicts Decisions to Inhibit http://t.co/GkSe9aVu", "created_at"=>"2013-02-15T11:51:06Z", "user"=>"MaestroDeGrado", "user_name"=>"Maestro de Grado", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1627371156/docente_luchando_b_-_copia_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"304362540589264896", "text"=>"\"There Is No Free Won’t: Antecedent Brain Activity Predicts Decisions to Inhibit\" http://t.co/VogZoYy9w9", "created_at"=>"2013-02-20T22:50:59Z", "user"=>"byrd_nick", "user_name"=>"Nick", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2890675805/85dcbd3353b4fb4a79c001935bc08d35_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"304445873939689473", "text"=>"#PLOSONE: There Is No Free Won’t: Antecedent Brain Activity Predicts Decisions to Inhibit http://t.co/IPmb56JbxG", "created_at"=>"2013-02-21T04:22:07Z", "user"=>"bf4tbrainy", "user_name"=>"Rebecca McMillan", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2435935948/959i86114ts24ozqvd7u_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"304638645460152320", "text"=>"There's No Free Won’t! Antecedent Brain Activity Predicts Decisions to Inhibit. Damned if u do & damned if u don't! http://t.co/7nWr7mnmoU", "created_at"=>"2013-02-21T17:08:07Z", "user"=>"heather_berlin", "user_name"=>"Heather Berlin", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2931479018/a51741d2fbe46d5b3da7a525c71788c8_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"304711210610343936", "text"=>"There Is No Free Won’t: Antecedent Brain Activity Predicts Decisions to Inhibit http://t.co/HhgXb3mswA", "created_at"=>"2013-02-21T21:56:28Z", "user"=>"keithfrankish", "user_name"=>"Keith Frankish", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1279737065/phreno_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"304735963433803777", "text"=>"RT @keithfrankish: There Is No Free Won’t: Antecedent Brain Activity Predicts Decisions to Inhibit http://t.co/HhgXb3mswA", "created_at"=>"2013-02-21T23:34:50Z", "user"=>"jameel20210", "user_name"=>"Jameel", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3226102435/cb00c7be30763d3cdaa4f0681186aec3_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"305012396953571329", "text"=>"Awesome study beating a dead horse: there is no magic in our heads! There Is No Free Won’t: http://t.co/omHtUzdZMo", "created_at"=>"2013-02-22T17:53:16Z", "user"=>"brembs", "user_name"=>"Björn Brembs", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/266667588/jove_grey_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"305012634749657088", "text"=>"RT @brembs: Awesome study beating a dead horse: there is no magic in our heads! There Is No Free Won’t: http://t.co/omHtUzdZMo", "created_at"=>"2013-02-22T17:54:13Z", "user"=>"cellularscale", "user_name"=>"thecellularscale", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1779151620/cellularScale_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"305012671340756995", "text"=>"RT @brembs: Awesome study beating a dead horse: there is no magic in our heads! There Is No Free Won’t: http://t.co/omHtUzdZMo", "created_at"=>"2013-02-22T17:54:22Z", "user"=>"neuroconscience", "user_name"=>"Micah Allen", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3148318770/e43aa987ce2e1ee5338bb876be37cde2_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"305038527148748801", "text"=>"#askaneuroscientist convincing or not? - No Free Won’t: http://t.co/BNRJA2yhbi …", "created_at"=>"2013-02-22T19:37:06Z", "user"=>"elibor", "user_name"=>"Elias Borisov", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/130479045/elbor_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"305044555777064960", "text"=>"RT @brembs: Awesome study beating a dead horse: there is no magic in our heads! There Is No Free Won’t: http://t.co/omHtUzdZMo", "created_at"=>"2013-02-22T20:01:04Z", "user"=>"deatkin", "user_name"=>"Donnie Atkin", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2868969224/54c29dc13f9b76552493531efddff779_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"340219476068933632", "text"=>"#PLOSONE: There Is No Free Won’t: Antecedent Brain Activity Predicts Decisions to Inhibit http://t.co/f7FtZt0ya0", "created_at"=>"2013-05-30T21:33:38Z", "user"=>"snydr", "user_name"=>"Sam Snyder", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2388741069/s7aynl0ji2lnxccfbqny_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"354985836095356929", "text"=>"@elidiolatorre http://t.co/AFM2Fyu6Tk", "created_at"=>"2013-07-10T15:29:53Z", "user"=>"MUDDLAW", "user_name"=>"JOHN E. MUDD", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3751474231/e4d776f21bb157e4f5aab0475d566820_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"480090914548117505", "text"=>"PLOS ONE: There Is No Free Won’t: Antecedent Brain Activity Predicts Decisions to Inhibit http://t.co/xgEmTSiXAx", "created_at"=>"2014-06-20T20:52:48Z", "user"=>"foreveriraq", "user_name"=>"messopotamia", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/477299204277018624/43TCdOc0_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"686133299069059073", "text"=>"@Williams_PeterS https://t.co/EwC5eel1ry", "created_at"=>"2016-01-10T10:31:40Z", "user"=>"hasanm1234", "user_name"=>"Hasan Mohammad", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/684675114948898816/_WUlvQ0X_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"800179560251670528", "text"=>"@Nebula63 @neuromusic the study itself is fine, tbf. but the extrapolation towards free will/determinism... eh... https://t.co/oY6ezdTtxB", "created_at"=>"2016-11-20T03:30:48Z", "user"=>"nickwan", "user_name"=>"Nick Wan ?", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/772604606257901568/_uKPkNru_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"897895093549641728", "text"=>"@Notbuyingthisbs @BtheInsane @JerryWiltern We probably don't have free won't either. https://t.co/f8lOQWARsR", "created_at"=>"2017-08-16T18:57:27Z", "user"=>"apeistdevil", "user_name"=>"TheDevil'sFundament", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/760981442419580928/6z7xHxV-_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"897899168294871041", "text"=>"RT @apeistdevil: @Notbuyingthisbs @BtheInsane @JerryWiltern We probably don't have free won't either. https://t.co/f8lOQWARsR", "created_at"=>"2017-08-16T19:13:38Z", "user"=>"Notbuyingthisbs", "user_name"=>"Mr E. Mann", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/895811870187192324/coPEh9Is_normal.jpg"}

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Figshare

• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/488982"], "description"=>"<p>The table shows the interaction term of a 2×2 ANOVA (source of decision x outcome), and results of the follow-up t-tests. All p values are uncorrected. See text for details.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["analyses", "erp", "amplitudes", "50", "ms"], "article_id"=>159507, "categories"=>["Physiology", "Neuroscience", "Mental Health"], "users"=>["Elisa Filevich", "Simone Kühn", "Patrick Haggard"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0053053.t001", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>1, "page_views"=>5, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Results_of_statistical_analyses_of_ERP_amplitudes_in_three_50_ms_time_bins_/159507", "title"=>"Results of statistical analyses of ERP amplitudes in three 50 ms time bins.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>3, "published_date"=>"2013-02-13 02:38:27"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/484985", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/484996"], "description"=>"<div><p>Inhibition of prepotent action is an important aspect of self-control, particularly in social contexts. Action inhibition and its neural bases have been extensively studied. However, the neural <em>precursors</em> of free decisions to inhibit have hardly been studied. We asked participants to freely choose to either make a rapid key press in response to a visual cue, or to transiently inhibit action, and briefly delay responding. The task required a behavioural response on each trial, so trials involving inhibition could be distinguished from those without inhibition as those showing slower reaction times. We used this criterion to classify free-choice trials as either rapid or inhibited/delayed. For 13 participants, we measured the mean amplitude of the ERP activity at electrode Cz in three subsequent 50 ms time windows prior to the onset of the signal that either instructed to respond or inhibit, or gave participants a free choice. In two of these 50 ms time windows (−150 to −100, and −100 to −50 ms relative to action onset), the amplitude of prestimulus ERP differed between trials where participants ”freely” chose whether to inhibit or to respond rapidly. Larger prestimulus ERP amplitudes were associated with trials in which participants decided to act rapidly as compared to trials in which they decided to delay their responses. Last-moment decisions to inhibit or delay may depend on unconscious preparatory neural activity.</p> </div>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["antecedent", "decisions", "inhibit"], "article_id"=>156725, "categories"=>["Physiology", "Neuroscience", "Mental Health"], "users"=>["Elisa Filevich", "Simone Kühn", "Patrick Haggard"], "doi"=>["https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0053053.s001", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0053053.s002"], "stats"=>{"downloads"=>7, "page_views"=>51, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/There_Is_No_Free_Won_t_Antecedent_Brain_Activity_Predicts_Decisions_to_Inhibit__/156725", "title"=>"There Is No Free Won’t: Antecedent Brain Activity Predicts Decisions to Inhibit", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>4, "published_date"=>"2013-02-13 01:52:05"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/488757"], "description"=>"<p>Topographical distribution of the CNV component for each of the four main conditions, averaged over three time windows selected for analysis. White highlight shows electrode Cz, from which the mean time window amplitudes were obtained for statistical analyses.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["erp", "amplitude"], "article_id"=>159286, "categories"=>["Physiology", "Neuroscience", "Mental Health"], "users"=>["Elisa Filevich", "Simone Kühn", "Patrick Haggard"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0053053.g003", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>4, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Topographical_plot_of_ERP_amplitude_before_the_instruction_cue_/159286", "title"=>"Topographical plot of ERP amplitude before the instruction cue.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2013-02-13 02:34:46"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/488663"], "description"=>"<p><b>A.</b> Averaged CNV amplitude in electrode Cz for the four main conditions, time locked to the appearance of the instruction cue (time 0 corresponds to the onset of the instruction cue). Note the difference in CNV amplitude between two free-choice rapid and delayed trials (solid lines), but no difference in CNV amplitude between instructed choice rapid and delayed trials (dashed lines). Asterisks indicate a significant ANOVA interaction (<i>F</i> test, p<0.05, uncorrected). Vertical dashed line at −700 ms indicates onset of warning signal and the end of baseline period (−850 to −700 ms). <b>B.</b> mean CNV amplitudes for the time window between −150 and 0 ms electrode Cz. Asterisk shows a significant difference (t-test, p<0.05, two tails, uncorrected).</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["locked"], "article_id"=>159192, "categories"=>["Physiology", "Neuroscience", "Mental Health"], "users"=>["Elisa Filevich", "Simone Kühn", "Patrick Haggard"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0053053.g002", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>1, "page_views"=>5, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_ERPs_time_locked_to_the_instruction_cue_/159192", "title"=>"ERPs time locked to the instruction cue", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2013-02-13 02:33:12"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/488591"], "description"=>"<p><b>A.</b> A variable fixation cross period (500–1200 ms) was followed by a brief (200 ms) presentation of a warning sign. The fixation cross reappeared and 500 ms after the offset of the warning sign, an instruction cue appeared on the screen (200 ms). The instruction cued participants to press a key either rapidly, or with a short delay, or to freely decide between rapid and delayed pressing. <b>B.</b> Instructed rapid and delayed trials are separated by their reaction times and free choices. Median split of free-choice trials produces a similar separation. Further, free choice trials are slower than instructed choice trials, suggesting a free decision process occurring after the cue. * p<0.05.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["Mental health", "physiology", "neuroscience"], "article_id"=>159114, "categories"=>["Physiology", "Neuroscience", "Mental Health"], "users"=>["Elisa Filevich", "Simone Kühn", "Patrick Haggard"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0053053.g001", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>1, "page_views"=>6, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Experimental_paradigm_/159114", "title"=>"Experimental paradigm", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2013-02-13 02:31:54"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/488843"], "description"=>"<p>Topographical plots of the difference in brain activity between rapid and delayed trials. Depicted values are averaged amplitudes over 50 ms time windows. Note stronger difference in free-choice than in instructed conditions. White highlight shows electrode Cz, from which the mean time window amplitudes were obtained for statistical analyses.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["topographical", "plots"], "article_id"=>159371, "categories"=>["Physiology", "Neuroscience", "Mental Health"], "users"=>["Elisa Filevich", "Simone Kühn", "Patrick Haggard"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0053053.g004", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>1, "page_views"=>2, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Differential_topographical_plots_of_ERPs_/159371", "title"=>"Differential topographical plots of ERPs.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2013-02-13 02:36:11"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/488909"], "description"=>"<p>Bootstrapping procedure to resample instructed trials, compensating for differences in numbers of each trial type. This procedure allows instructed and free-choice reactions to be classified based on reaction times. Results are shown for the interval of −150 to 0 ms prior to the onset of the visual cue, in electrode Cz <b>A.</b> The instructed rapid and delayed subsampled populations cannot be easily distinguished. In contrast, the free-choice rapid and delayed subsample populations are clearly distinct. <b>B.</b> 95% Confidence intervals for instructed and free-choice conditions. Note that while they are separate in the free choice conditions, they overlap in the instructed conditions.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["differential", "numbers"], "article_id"=>159438, "categories"=>["Physiology", "Neuroscience", "Mental Health"], "users"=>["Elisa Filevich", "Simone Kühn", "Patrick Haggard"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0053053.g005", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>0, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Control_to_account_for_differential_trial_numbers_between_conditions_/159438", "title"=>"Control to account for differential trial numbers between conditions.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2013-02-13 02:37:18"}

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Relative Metric

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F1000Prime