There Is No Free Won’t: Antecedent Brain Activity Predicts Decisions to Inhibit
- Publication Date
- February 13, 2013
- Journal
- PLOS ONE
- Authors
- Elisa Filevich, Simone Kühn & Patrick Haggard
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- e53053
- DOI
- https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0053053
- Publisher URL
- http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0053053
- PubMed
- http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23418420
- PubMed Central
- http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3572111
- Europe PMC
- http://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/23418420
- Web of Science
- 000315970300010
- Scopus
- 84873909171
- Mendeley
- http://www.mendeley.com/research/free-wont-antecedent-brain-activity-predicts-decisions-inhibit
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Mendeley | Further Information
{"title"=>"There Is No Free Won't: Antecedent Brain Activity Predicts Decisions to Inhibit", "type"=>"journal", "authors"=>[{"first_name"=>"Elisa", "last_name"=>"Filevich", "scopus_author_id"=>"54998006600"}, {"first_name"=>"Simone", "last_name"=>"Kühn", "scopus_author_id"=>"26121270600"}, {"first_name"=>"Patrick", "last_name"=>"Haggard", "scopus_author_id"=>"7005933195"}], "year"=>2013, "source"=>"PLoS ONE", "identifiers"=>{"scopus"=>"2-s2.0-84873909171", "sgr"=>"84873909171", "issn"=>"19326203", "arxiv"=>"1203.2655", "doi"=>"10.1371/journal.pone.0053053", "pmid"=>"23418420", "isbn"=>"1932-6203 (Electronic)\\r1932-6203 (Linking)", "pui"=>"368342500"}, "id"=>"f979de90-50eb-35c4-954c-e5a493cedfe5", "abstract"=>"Inhibition of prepotent action is an important aspect of self-control, particularly in social contexts. Action inhibition and its neural bases have been extensively studied. However, the neural precursors of free decisions to inhibit have hardly been studied. We asked participants to freely choose to either make a rapid key press in response to a visual cue, or to transiently inhibit action, and briefly delay responding. The task required a behavioural response on each trial, so trials involving inhibition could be distinguished from those without inhibition as those showing slower reaction times. We used this criterion to classify free-choice trials as either rapid or inhibited/delayed. For 13 participants, we measured the mean amplitude of the ERP activity at electrode Cz in three subsequent 50 ms time windows prior to the onset of the signal that either instructed to respond or inhibit, or gave participants a free choice. In two of these 50 ms time windows (-150 to -100, and -100 to -50 ms relative to action onset), the amplitude of prestimulus ERP differed between trials where participants \"freely\" chose whether to inhibit or to respond rapidly. Larger prestimulus ERP amplitudes were associated with trials in which participants decided to act rapidly as compared to trials in which they decided to delay their responses. Last-moment decisions to inhibit or delay may depend on unconscious preparatory neural activity.", "link"=>"http://www.mendeley.com/research/free-wont-antecedent-brain-activity-predicts-decisions-inhibit", "reader_count"=>26, "reader_count_by_academic_status"=>{"Unspecified"=>5, "Professor > Associate Professor"=>1, "Researcher"=>6, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>2, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>3, "Student > Master"=>2, "Student > Bachelor"=>6, "Professor"=>1}, "reader_count_by_user_role"=>{"Unspecified"=>5, "Professor > Associate Professor"=>1, "Researcher"=>6, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>2, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>3, "Student > Master"=>2, "Student > Bachelor"=>6, "Professor"=>1}, "reader_count_by_subject_area"=>{"Unspecified"=>7, "Mathematics"=>1, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>2, "Neuroscience"=>3, "Arts and Humanities"=>1, "Physics and Astronomy"=>1, "Psychology"=>10, "Social Sciences"=>1}, "reader_count_by_subdiscipline"=>{"Neuroscience"=>{"Neuroscience"=>3}, "Social Sciences"=>{"Social Sciences"=>1}, "Physics and Astronomy"=>{"Physics and Astronomy"=>1}, "Psychology"=>{"Psychology"=>10}, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>{"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>2}, "Mathematics"=>{"Mathematics"=>1}, "Unspecified"=>{"Unspecified"=>7}, "Arts and Humanities"=>{"Arts and Humanities"=>1}}, "reader_count_by_country"=>{"United States"=>1, "United Kingdom"=>2, "Switzerland"=>1, "Germany"=>1}, "group_count"=>0}CrossRef
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- http://doi.org/10.1038/srep28236
- http://doi.org/10.1080/10407413.2013.810475
- http://doi.org/10.1016/j.npbr.2013.07.003
- http://doi.org/10.1093/nc/niv009
- http://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2015.12.067
- http://doi.org/10.1007/s11245-013-9187-6
- http://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.10.017
- http://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2016.00262
Scopus | Further Information
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- {"id"=>"301905762198904832", "text"=>"PLoS1 open access - \"No Free Won't\" http://t.co/aeZ4DmIw", "created_at"=>"2013-02-14T04:08:37Z", "user"=>"dfjpt", "user_name"=>"Diane Jacobs", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/404558727/mugshot_normal.gif"}
- {"id"=>"301968431673118721", "text"=>"RT @dfjpt: PLoS1 open access - \"No Free Won't\" http://t.co/aeZ4DmIw", "created_at"=>"2013-02-14T08:17:39Z", "user"=>"argoicoechea", "user_name"=>"Arturo Goicoechea", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1195605571/Arturo_en_Noticias_de_Alava_recortada_normal.jpg"}
- {"id"=>"302066928011325442", "text"=>"RT @dfjpt: PLoS1 open access - \"No Free Won't\" http://t.co/aeZ4DmIw", "created_at"=>"2013-02-14T14:49:02Z", "user"=>"pitiklinov", "user_name"=>"Pitiklinov", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2418411182/8itdeog6zugruvad1bue_normal.jpeg"}
- {"id"=>"302384536786964481", "text"=>"Una amiga dice: There Is No Free Won’t: Antecedent Brain Activity Predicts Decisions to Inhibit http://t.co/GkSe9aVu", "created_at"=>"2013-02-15T11:51:06Z", "user"=>"MaestroDeGrado", "user_name"=>"Maestro de Grado", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1627371156/docente_luchando_b_-_copia_normal.jpg"}
- {"id"=>"304362540589264896", "text"=>"\"There Is No Free Won’t: Antecedent Brain Activity Predicts Decisions to Inhibit\" http://t.co/VogZoYy9w9", "created_at"=>"2013-02-20T22:50:59Z", "user"=>"byrd_nick", "user_name"=>"Nick", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2890675805/85dcbd3353b4fb4a79c001935bc08d35_normal.png"}
- {"id"=>"304445873939689473", "text"=>"#PLOSONE: There Is No Free Won’t: Antecedent Brain Activity Predicts Decisions to Inhibit http://t.co/IPmb56JbxG", "created_at"=>"2013-02-21T04:22:07Z", "user"=>"bf4tbrainy", "user_name"=>"Rebecca McMillan", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2435935948/959i86114ts24ozqvd7u_normal.jpeg"}
- {"id"=>"304638645460152320", "text"=>"There's No Free Won’t! Antecedent Brain Activity Predicts Decisions to Inhibit. Damned if u do & damned if u don't! http://t.co/7nWr7mnmoU", "created_at"=>"2013-02-21T17:08:07Z", "user"=>"heather_berlin", "user_name"=>"Heather Berlin", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2931479018/a51741d2fbe46d5b3da7a525c71788c8_normal.jpeg"}
- {"id"=>"304711210610343936", "text"=>"There Is No Free Won’t: Antecedent Brain Activity Predicts Decisions to Inhibit http://t.co/HhgXb3mswA", "created_at"=>"2013-02-21T21:56:28Z", "user"=>"keithfrankish", "user_name"=>"Keith Frankish", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1279737065/phreno_normal.jpg"}
- {"id"=>"304735963433803777", "text"=>"RT @keithfrankish: There Is No Free Won’t: Antecedent Brain Activity Predicts Decisions to Inhibit http://t.co/HhgXb3mswA", "created_at"=>"2013-02-21T23:34:50Z", "user"=>"jameel20210", "user_name"=>"Jameel", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3226102435/cb00c7be30763d3cdaa4f0681186aec3_normal.jpeg"}
- {"id"=>"305012396953571329", "text"=>"Awesome study beating a dead horse: there is no magic in our heads! There Is No Free Won’t: http://t.co/omHtUzdZMo", "created_at"=>"2013-02-22T17:53:16Z", "user"=>"brembs", "user_name"=>"Björn Brembs", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/266667588/jove_grey_normal.png"}
- {"id"=>"305012634749657088", "text"=>"RT @brembs: Awesome study beating a dead horse: there is no magic in our heads! There Is No Free Won’t: http://t.co/omHtUzdZMo", "created_at"=>"2013-02-22T17:54:13Z", "user"=>"cellularscale", "user_name"=>"thecellularscale", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1779151620/cellularScale_normal.png"}
- {"id"=>"305012671340756995", "text"=>"RT @brembs: Awesome study beating a dead horse: there is no magic in our heads! There Is No Free Won’t: http://t.co/omHtUzdZMo", "created_at"=>"2013-02-22T17:54:22Z", "user"=>"neuroconscience", "user_name"=>"Micah Allen", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3148318770/e43aa987ce2e1ee5338bb876be37cde2_normal.jpeg"}
- {"id"=>"305038527148748801", "text"=>"#askaneuroscientist convincing or not? - No Free Won’t: http://t.co/BNRJA2yhbi …", "created_at"=>"2013-02-22T19:37:06Z", "user"=>"elibor", "user_name"=>"Elias Borisov", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/130479045/elbor_normal.jpg"}
- {"id"=>"305044555777064960", "text"=>"RT @brembs: Awesome study beating a dead horse: there is no magic in our heads! There Is No Free Won’t: http://t.co/omHtUzdZMo", "created_at"=>"2013-02-22T20:01:04Z", "user"=>"deatkin", "user_name"=>"Donnie Atkin", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2868969224/54c29dc13f9b76552493531efddff779_normal.jpeg"}
- {"id"=>"340219476068933632", "text"=>"#PLOSONE: There Is No Free Won’t: Antecedent Brain Activity Predicts Decisions to Inhibit http://t.co/f7FtZt0ya0", "created_at"=>"2013-05-30T21:33:38Z", "user"=>"snydr", "user_name"=>"Sam Snyder", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2388741069/s7aynl0ji2lnxccfbqny_normal.jpeg"}
- {"id"=>"354985836095356929", "text"=>"@elidiolatorre http://t.co/AFM2Fyu6Tk", "created_at"=>"2013-07-10T15:29:53Z", "user"=>"MUDDLAW", "user_name"=>"JOHN E. MUDD", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3751474231/e4d776f21bb157e4f5aab0475d566820_normal.jpeg"}
- {"id"=>"480090914548117505", "text"=>"PLOS ONE: There Is No Free Won’t: Antecedent Brain Activity Predicts Decisions to Inhibit http://t.co/xgEmTSiXAx", "created_at"=>"2014-06-20T20:52:48Z", "user"=>"foreveriraq", "user_name"=>"messopotamia", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/477299204277018624/43TCdOc0_normal.jpeg"}
- {"id"=>"686133299069059073", "text"=>"@Williams_PeterS https://t.co/EwC5eel1ry", "created_at"=>"2016-01-10T10:31:40Z", "user"=>"hasanm1234", "user_name"=>"Hasan Mohammad", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/684675114948898816/_WUlvQ0X_normal.jpg"}
- {"id"=>"800179560251670528", "text"=>"@Nebula63 @neuromusic the study itself is fine, tbf. but the extrapolation towards free will/determinism... eh... https://t.co/oY6ezdTtxB", "created_at"=>"2016-11-20T03:30:48Z", "user"=>"nickwan", "user_name"=>"Nick Wan ?", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/772604606257901568/_uKPkNru_normal.jpg"}
- {"id"=>"897895093549641728", "text"=>"@Notbuyingthisbs @BtheInsane @JerryWiltern We probably don't have free won't either. https://t.co/f8lOQWARsR", "created_at"=>"2017-08-16T18:57:27Z", "user"=>"apeistdevil", "user_name"=>"TheDevil'sFundament", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/760981442419580928/6z7xHxV-_normal.jpg"}
- {"id"=>"897899168294871041", "text"=>"RT @apeistdevil: @Notbuyingthisbs @BtheInsane @JerryWiltern We probably don't have free won't either. https://t.co/f8lOQWARsR", "created_at"=>"2017-08-16T19:13:38Z", "user"=>"Notbuyingthisbs", "user_name"=>"Mr E. Mann", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/895811870187192324/coPEh9Is_normal.jpg"}
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- {"month"=>"2", "year"=>"2018", "pdf_views"=>"4", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"26"}
- {"month"=>"3", "year"=>"2018", "pdf_views"=>"15", "xml_views"=>"3", "html_views"=>"41"}
- {"month"=>"4", "year"=>"2018", "pdf_views"=>"19", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"71"}
- {"month"=>"5", "year"=>"2018", "pdf_views"=>"9", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"45"}
- {"month"=>"6", "year"=>"2018", "pdf_views"=>"14", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"23"}
- {"month"=>"7", "year"=>"2018", "pdf_views"=>"9", "xml_views"=>"7", "html_views"=>"29"}
- {"month"=>"8", "year"=>"2018", "pdf_views"=>"7", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"16"}
- {"month"=>"9", "year"=>"2018", "pdf_views"=>"5", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"17"}
- {"month"=>"10", "year"=>"2018", "pdf_views"=>"8", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"23"}
- {"month"=>"11", "year"=>"2018", "pdf_views"=>"6", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"43"}
- {"month"=>"12", "year"=>"2018", "pdf_views"=>"7", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"11"}
- {"month"=>"1", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"7", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"32"}
- {"month"=>"2", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"7", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"31"}
- {"month"=>"3", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"20", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"53"}
- {"month"=>"4", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"13", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"22"}
- {"month"=>"5", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"15", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"23"}
- {"month"=>"6", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"10", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"22"}
- {"month"=>"7", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"8", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"25"}
- {"month"=>"8", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"4", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"11"}
- {"month"=>"9", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"11", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"21"}
- {"month"=>"10", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"9", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"20"}
- {"month"=>"11", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"10", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"53"}
- {"month"=>"12", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"5", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"10"}
PMC Usage Stats | Further Information
- {"unique-ip"=>"298", "full-text"=>"383", "pdf"=>"19", "abstract"=>"1", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"35", "supp-data"=>"12", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2013", "month"=>"3"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"5", "full-text"=>"4", "pdf"=>"2", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2013", "month"=>"2"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"260", "full-text"=>"534", "pdf"=>"15", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"4", "supp-data"=>"4", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2013", "month"=>"4"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"43", "full-text"=>"50", "pdf"=>"4", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"3", "supp-data"=>"2", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2013", "month"=>"5"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"37", "full-text"=>"32", "pdf"=>"12", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"9", "supp-data"=>"4", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2013", "month"=>"6"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"20", "full-text"=>"28", "pdf"=>"7", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"2", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2013", "month"=>"7"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"21", "full-text"=>"20", "pdf"=>"9", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"2", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2013", "month"=>"8"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"23", "full-text"=>"24", "pdf"=>"2", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"2", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2013", "month"=>"9"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"15", "full-text"=>"15", "pdf"=>"6", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2013", "month"=>"10"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"19", "full-text"=>"19", "pdf"=>"3", "abstract"=>"1", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2013", "month"=>"11"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"15", "full-text"=>"14", "pdf"=>"3", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"5", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2013", "month"=>"12"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"12", "full-text"=>"12", "pdf"=>"3", "abstract"=>"1", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"3", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2014", "month"=>"1"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"13", "full-text"=>"17", "pdf"=>"1", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2014", "month"=>"2"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"15", "full-text"=>"22", "pdf"=>"1", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2014", "month"=>"3"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"12", "full-text"=>"10", "pdf"=>"6", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2014", "month"=>"5"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"6", "full-text"=>"7", "pdf"=>"3", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2014", "month"=>"6"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"12", "full-text"=>"13", "pdf"=>"3", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2014", "month"=>"4"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"9", "full-text"=>"12", "pdf"=>"3", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2015", "month"=>"4"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"4", "full-text"=>"4", "pdf"=>"0", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"2", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2015", "month"=>"5"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"6", "full-text"=>"9", "pdf"=>"0", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2015", "month"=>"6"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"19", "full-text"=>"34", "pdf"=>"12", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"2", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"1", "year"=>"2015", "month"=>"7"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"9", "full-text"=>"9", "pdf"=>"2", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"1", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2015", "month"=>"3"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"7", "full-text"=>"5", "pdf"=>"4", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2015", "month"=>"2"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"8", "full-text"=>"15", "pdf"=>"2", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2015", "month"=>"8"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"8", "full-text"=>"8", "pdf"=>"1", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"1", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2015", "month"=>"9"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"9", "full-text"=>"8", "pdf"=>"0", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"2", "supp-data"=>"3", "cited-by"=>"1", "year"=>"2015", "month"=>"10"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"8", "full-text"=>"8", "pdf"=>"2", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2014", "month"=>"7"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"13", "full-text"=>"9", "pdf"=>"5", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"2", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2014", "month"=>"8"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"9", "full-text"=>"6", "pdf"=>"4", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"1", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2014", "month"=>"9"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"11", "full-text"=>"11", "pdf"=>"4", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2014", "month"=>"10"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"6", "full-text"=>"4", "pdf"=>"2", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2016", "month"=>"1"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"16", "full-text"=>"22", "pdf"=>"0", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2016", "month"=>"2"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"15", "full-text"=>"18", "pdf"=>"5", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"1", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2014", "month"=>"11"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"10", "full-text"=>"12", "pdf"=>"2", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2014", "month"=>"12"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"11", "full-text"=>"13", "pdf"=>"5", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"1", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2015", "month"=>"1"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"10", "full-text"=>"9", "pdf"=>"4", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"2", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2015", "month"=>"11"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"14", "full-text"=>"18", "pdf"=>"5", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"1", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2015", "month"=>"12"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"2", "full-text"=>"2", "pdf"=>"0", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2016", "month"=>"3"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"5", "full-text"=>"6", "pdf"=>"2", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"1", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2016", "month"=>"4"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"10", "full-text"=>"8", "pdf"=>"2", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2016", "month"=>"5"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"12", "full-text"=>"9", "pdf"=>"4", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2016", "month"=>"6"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"7", "full-text"=>"6", "pdf"=>"1", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"1", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"1", "year"=>"2016", "month"=>"7"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"7", "full-text"=>"7", "pdf"=>"1", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2016", "month"=>"8"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"2", "full-text"=>"2", "pdf"=>"1", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2016", "month"=>"9"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"5", "full-text"=>"4", "pdf"=>"2", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"1", "year"=>"2016", "month"=>"10"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"8", "full-text"=>"9", "pdf"=>"1", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2016", "month"=>"11"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"10", "full-text"=>"10", "pdf"=>"6", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2016", "month"=>"12"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"6", "full-text"=>"33", "pdf"=>"3", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"2", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2017", "month"=>"1"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"6", "full-text"=>"9", "pdf"=>"1", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2017", "month"=>"2"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"2", "full-text"=>"2", "pdf"=>"0", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2017", "month"=>"3"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"8", "full-text"=>"11", "pdf"=>"4", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2017", "month"=>"4"}
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- {"unique-ip"=>"10", "full-text"=>"11", "pdf"=>"6", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"1", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2017", "month"=>"7"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"6", "full-text"=>"8", "pdf"=>"1", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2017", "month"=>"8"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"7", "full-text"=>"7", "pdf"=>"3", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2017", "month"=>"9"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"6", "full-text"=>"6", "pdf"=>"1", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2017", "month"=>"10"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"10", "full-text"=>"11", "pdf"=>"1", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2017", "month"=>"11"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"19", "full-text"=>"30", "pdf"=>"1", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2017", "month"=>"12"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"11", "full-text"=>"12", "pdf"=>"1", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"1", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2018", "month"=>"1"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"8", "full-text"=>"8", "pdf"=>"0", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2018", "month"=>"3"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"34", "full-text"=>"60", "pdf"=>"5", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2019", "month"=>"1"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"32", "full-text"=>"41", "pdf"=>"3", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2018", "month"=>"5"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"23", "full-text"=>"28", "pdf"=>"1", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"1", "year"=>"2018", "month"=>"6"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"22", "full-text"=>"26", "pdf"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"2", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2018", "month"=>"8"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"24", "full-text"=>"27", "pdf"=>"2", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"1", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"1", "year"=>"2018", "month"=>"4"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"25", "full-text"=>"27", "pdf"=>"3", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"1", "year"=>"2018", "month"=>"7"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"25", "full-text"=>"31", "pdf"=>"2", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"1", "year"=>"2018", "month"=>"10"}
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Relative Metric
{"start_date"=>"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z", "end_date"=>"2013-12-31T00:00:00Z", "subject_areas"=>[{"subject_area"=>"/Biology and life sciences/Behavior", "average_usage"=>[306, 490, 611, 718, 817, 916, 999, 1091, 1185, 1258, 1341, 1412, 1476]}, {"subject_area"=>"/Medicine and health sciences", "average_usage"=>[264, 460, 584, 692, 794, 887, 978, 1067, 1154, 1241, 1328, 1408, 1474]}, {"subject_area"=>"/Medicine and health sciences/Diagnostic medicine", "average_usage"=>[244, 425, 535, 636, 728, 814, 900, 982, 1063, 1139, 1221, 1296, 1361]}]}Loading … 

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