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{"title"=>"Anomalous Magnetic Orientations of Magnetosome Chains in a Magnetotactic Bacterium: Magnetovibrio blakemorei Strain MV-1", "type"=>"journal", "authors"=>[{"first_name"=>"Samanbir S.", "last_name"=>"Kalirai", "scopus_author_id"=>"56439971700"}, {"first_name"=>"Dennis A.", "last_name"=>"Bazylinski", "scopus_author_id"=>"7003457564"}, {"first_name"=>"Adam P.", "last_name"=>"Hitchcock", "scopus_author_id"=>"7005567890"}], "year"=>2013, "source"=>"PLoS ONE", "identifiers"=>{"pui"=>"368093954", "sgr"=>"84872196535", "issn"=>"19326203", "pmid"=>"23308202", "scopus"=>"2-s2.0-84872196535", "doi"=>"10.1371/journal.pone.0053368", "isbn"=>"1932-6203 (Electronic)\\r1932-6203 (Linking)"}, "id"=>"19173d42-c97c-3dce-87ca-bd3a792782b9", "abstract"=>"There is a good deal of published evidence that indicates that all magnetosomes within a single cell of a magnetotactic bacterium are magnetically oriented in the same direction so that they form a single magnetic dipole believed to assist navigation of the cell to optimal environments for their growth and survival. Some cells of the cultured magnetotactic bacterium Magnetovibrio blakemorei strain MV-1 are known to have relatively wide gaps between groups of magnetosomes that do not seem to interfere with the larger, overall linear arrangement of the magnetosomes along the long axis of the cell. We determined the magnetic orientation of the magnetosomes in individual cells of this bacterium using Fe 2p X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) spectra measured with scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM). We observed a significant number of cases in which there are sub-chains in a single cell, with spatial gaps between them, in which one or more sub-chains are magnetically polarized opposite to other sub-chains in the same cell. These occur with an estimated frequency of 4.0±0.2%, based on a sample size of 150 cells. We propose possible explanations for these anomalous cases which shed insight into the mechanisms of chain formation and magnetic alignment.", "link"=>"http://www.mendeley.com/research/anomalous-magnetic-orientations-magnetosome-chains-magnetotactic-bacterium-magnetovibrio-blakemorei", "reader_count"=>26, "reader_count_by_academic_status"=>{"Professor > Associate Professor"=>1, "Researcher"=>4, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>11, "Student > Postgraduate"=>2, "Student > Master"=>2, "Student > Bachelor"=>1, "Lecturer"=>1, "Professor"=>3}, "reader_count_by_user_role"=>{"Professor > Associate Professor"=>1, "Researcher"=>4, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>11, "Student > Postgraduate"=>2, "Student > Master"=>2, "Student > Bachelor"=>1, "Lecturer"=>1, "Professor"=>3}, "reader_count_by_subject_area"=>{"Engineering"=>1, "Environmental Science"=>1, "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>1, "Materials Science"=>5, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>8, "Physics and Astronomy"=>3, "Chemistry"=>2, "Earth and Planetary Sciences"=>4}, "reader_count_by_subdiscipline"=>{"Engineering"=>{"Engineering"=>1}, "Materials Science"=>{"Materials Science"=>5}, "Chemistry"=>{"Chemistry"=>2}, "Physics and Astronomy"=>{"Physics and Astronomy"=>3}, "Earth and Planetary Sciences"=>{"Earth and Planetary Sciences"=>4}, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>{"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>8}, "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>{"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>1}, "Environmental Science"=>{"Environmental Science"=>1}}, "reader_count_by_country"=>{"China"=>1, "Brazil"=>2, "Chile"=>1}, "group_count"=>1}

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• http://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02143-13
• http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0100825
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.physrep.2018.10.007
• http://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1610260114
• http://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00746
• http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0082064
• http://doi.org/10.1039/C4FD00240G
• http://doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00852
• http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0107356
• http://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2014.2323953
• http://doi.org/10.1557/mrs.2015.99
• http://doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/2015/T165/014044
• http://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2016.33
• http://doi.org/10.1111/jmi.12156
• http://doi.org/10.1080/01490451.2017.1362078
• http://doi.org/10.1088/1478-3975/ab2858

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• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/511399"], "description"=>"<p>(a) TEM image of the cell. The rectangular dark objects are salt crystals from the growth medium. The dashed white line indicates the boundary of the cell which contains 3 sub-chains. (b) STXM image at 709.8 eV of the identical region. (c) Color coded composite of the XMCD signal from the magnetosome chain. (d) XMCD spectra of the 3 subchains.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["mv-1", "gaps", "magnetosome"], "article_id"=>181888, "categories"=>["Physiology", "Biochemistry", "Chemistry", "Physics", "Microbiology"], "users"=>["Samanbir S. Kalirai", "Dennis A. Bazylinski", "Adam P. Hitchcock"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0053368.g004", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>1, "page_views"=>7, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_XMCD_of_an_MV_1_cell_showing_gaps_in_the_magnetosome_chain_/181888", "title"=>"XMCD of an MV-1 cell showing gaps in the magnetosome chain.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2013-02-19 17:25:00"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/511160"], "description"=>"<p>The image was recorded at 709.8 eV and converted to optical density (OD) using the intensity in areas without cells in this image. The arrows indicate cells with apparent gaps in their magnetosome chains. The question marks (red) indicate (multiple) cells that were discounted because of uncertainty as to the number of cells and/or magnetosome chains present.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["ensemble", "cells", "mv-1", "deposited", "formvar", "coated", "mm", "electron", "microscopy", "cu"], "article_id"=>181636, "categories"=>["Physiology", "Biochemistry", "Chemistry", "Physics", "Microbiology"], "users"=>["Samanbir S. Kalirai", "Dennis A. Bazylinski", "Adam P. Hitchcock"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0053368.g001", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>1, "page_views"=>5, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_STXM_image_of_an_ensemble_of_cells_of_Magnetovibrio_blakemorei_strain_MV_1_deposited_on_a_formvar_coated_3_mm_transmission_electron_microscopy_TEM_Cu_grid_/181636", "title"=>"STXM image of an ensemble of cells of <i>Magnetovibrio blakemorei</i> strain MV-1 deposited on a formvar coated 3 mm transmission electron microscopy (TEM) Cu grid.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2013-02-19 17:23:33"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/511323"], "description"=>"<p>(b) Fe 2p_3/2 spectra (average of left and right circular polarization data) of different regions of the cell: a single magnetosome (red), the first gap (pink), the “pre-magnetosome” (green), and the cytoplasm of the cell (blue) away from the magnetosome chain. (c) Expansion of the gap and pre-magnetosome spectra. The vertical lines indicate energies traditionally associated with Fe(II) and Fe(III) oxidation state signals.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["ev", "mv-1", "gaps", "magnetosome"], "article_id"=>181818, "categories"=>["Physiology", "Biochemistry", "Chemistry", "Physics", "Microbiology"], "users"=>["Samanbir S. Kalirai", "Dennis A. Bazylinski", "Adam P. Hitchcock"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0053368.g003", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>5, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_STXM_image_at_709_8_eV_of_an_MV_1_cell_with_two_gaps_along_the_magnetosome_chain_/181818", "title"=>"STXM image at 709.8 eV of an MV-1 cell with two gaps along the magnetosome chain.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2013-02-19 17:24:35"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/511242"], "description"=>"<p>(a) STXM image (OD). The two sub-chains are labelled chain 1 and chain 2. Each magnetosome has been labelled a-g. (b) Fe 2p_3/2 spectra from the left chain (upper) and the right chain (lower) recorded with the two circular polarizations. (c) XMCD signals derived by subtracting the two circular polarization spectra. (d) Color coded composite of the cell (OD image at 704 eV) (blue), magnetosomes with a leftward polarization (green), and a rightward polarization (red). The arrows in Figs (a) and (d) indicate a ‘pre-magnetosome’ – see text.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["circular", "dichroism", "mv-1", "magnetosomes", "containing"], "article_id"=>181738, "categories"=>["Physiology", "Biochemistry", "Chemistry", "Physics", "Microbiology"], "users"=>["Samanbir S. Kalirai", "Dennis A. Bazylinski", "Adam P. Hitchcock"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0053368.g002", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>1, "page_views"=>10, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_X_ray_magnetic_circular_dichroism_XMCD_of_an_MV_1_cell_with_a_chain_of_magnetosomes_containing_two_gaps_/181738", "title"=>"X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) of an MV-1 cell with a chain of magnetosomes containing two gaps.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2013-02-19 17:24:07"}

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Relative Metric

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