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{"title"=>"Scale Dependent Behavioral Responses to Human Development by a Large Predator, the Puma", "type"=>"journal", "authors"=>[{"first_name"=>"Christopher C.", "last_name"=>"Wilmers", "scopus_author_id"=>"6603498246"}, {"first_name"=>"Yiwei", "last_name"=>"Wang", "scopus_author_id"=>"55653236100"}, {"first_name"=>"Barry", "last_name"=>"Nickel", "scopus_author_id"=>"39262385300"}, {"first_name"=>"Paul", "last_name"=>"Houghtaling", "scopus_author_id"=>"14010646000"}, {"first_name"=>"Yasaman", "last_name"=>"Shakeri", "scopus_author_id"=>"55652695400"}, {"first_name"=>"Maximilian L.", "last_name"=>"Allen", "scopus_author_id"=>"55652692000"}, {"first_name"=>"Joe", "last_name"=>"Kermish-Wells", "scopus_author_id"=>"55652174400"}, {"first_name"=>"Veronica", "last_name"=>"Yovovich", "scopus_author_id"=>"14069373700"}, {"first_name"=>"Terrie", "last_name"=>"Williams", "scopus_author_id"=>"7404172625"}], "year"=>2013, "source"=>"PLoS ONE", "identifiers"=>{"pui"=>"368743308", "isbn"=>"1932-6203", "issn"=>"19326203", "doi"=>"10.1371/journal.pone.0060590", "scopus"=>"2-s2.0-84876211931", "pmid"=>"23613732", "sgr"=>"84876211931"}, "id"=>"71bbfbc0-5794-3c70-9b07-2fc7ad3c5c45", "abstract"=>"The spatial scale at which organisms respond to human activity can affect both ecological function and conservation planning. Yet little is known regarding the spatial scale at which distinct behaviors related to reproduction and survival are impacted by human interference. Here we provide a novel approach to estimating the spatial scale at which a top predator, the puma (Puma concolor), responds to human development when it is moving, feeding, communicating, and denning. We find that reproductive behaviors (communication and denning) require at least a 4× larger buffer from human development than non-reproductive behaviors (movement and feeding). In addition, pumas give a wider berth to types of human development that provide a more consistent source of human interference (neighborhoods) than they do to those in which human presence is more intermittent (arterial roads with speeds >35 mph). Neighborhoods were a deterrent to pumas regardless of behavior, while arterial roads only deterred pumas when they were communicating and denning. Female pumas were less deterred by human development than males, but they showed larger variation in their responses overall. Our behaviorally explicit approach to modeling animal response to human activity can be used as a novel tool to assess habitat quality, identify wildlife corridors, and mitigate human-wildlife conflict.", "link"=>"http://www.mendeley.com/research/scale-dependent-behavioral-responses-human-development-large-predator-puma-1", "reader_count"=>152, "reader_count_by_academic_status"=>{"Unspecified"=>9, "Professor > Associate Professor"=>3, "Researcher"=>36, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>4, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>43, "Student > Postgraduate"=>6, "Student > Master"=>25, "Other"=>3, "Student > Bachelor"=>16, "Lecturer > Senior Lecturer"=>2, "Professor"=>5}, "reader_count_by_user_role"=>{"Unspecified"=>9, "Professor > Associate Professor"=>3, "Researcher"=>36, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>4, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>43, "Student > Postgraduate"=>6, "Student > Master"=>25, "Other"=>3, "Student > Bachelor"=>16, "Lecturer > Senior Lecturer"=>2, "Professor"=>5}, "reader_count_by_subject_area"=>{"Unspecified"=>11, "Environmental Science"=>40, "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>1, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>88, "Business, Management and Accounting"=>1, "Social Sciences"=>3, "Computer Science"=>2, "Earth and Planetary Sciences"=>4, "Economics, Econometrics and Finance"=>2}, "reader_count_by_subdiscipline"=>{"Social Sciences"=>{"Social Sciences"=>3}, "Earth and Planetary Sciences"=>{"Earth and Planetary Sciences"=>4}, "Economics, Econometrics and Finance"=>{"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"=>2}, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>{"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>88}, "Computer Science"=>{"Computer Science"=>2}, "Business, Management and Accounting"=>{"Business, Management and Accounting"=>1}, "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>{"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>1}, "Unspecified"=>{"Unspecified"=>11}, "Environmental Science"=>{"Environmental Science"=>40}}, "reader_count_by_country"=>{"United States"=>4, "Egypt"=>1, "United Kingdom"=>2, "Mexico"=>1, "Chile"=>1, "France"=>1, "Australia"=>1, "India"=>3}, "group_count"=>8}

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• {"id"=>"324633839420964865", "text"=>"#PLOSONE: First pub from the Santa Cruz Puma Project! http://t.co/0FpYCoff99 #Puma", "created_at"=>"2013-04-17T21:21:53Z", "user"=>"weiwei82", "user_name"=>"Yiwei Wang", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1316773475/IMG_0292_normal.JPG"}
• {"id"=>"324634102420623360", "text"=>"RT @weiwei82: #PLOSONE: First pub from the Santa Cruz Puma Project! http://t.co/0FpYCoff99 #Puma", "created_at"=>"2013-04-17T21:22:56Z", "user"=>"PLOSONE", "user_name"=>"PLOS ONE", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2429958559/mzjl6as5u2m09r2erof6_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"324634842081927170", "text"=>"RT @weiwei82: #PLOSONE: First pub from the Santa Cruz Puma Project! http://t.co/0FpYCoff99 #Puma", "created_at"=>"2013-04-17T21:25:52Z", "user"=>"JRWildlife", "user_name"=>"Trevor JRWildlife", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3354564213/35df27d7aa1698d373d40122373b7831_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"324643773713887232", "text"=>"How housing density affects mtn lion behavior. “@weiwei82: #PLOSONE: Santa Cruz Puma Project! http://t.co/Mvkt7eJ0li #Puma”", "created_at"=>"2013-04-17T22:01:21Z", "user"=>"ChuckCarroll1", "user_name"=>"Chuck Carroll", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/98547357/Photo_7_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"324666042523721728", "text"=>"#PLOSONE: Scale Dependent Behavioral Responses to Human Development by a Large Predator, the Puma http://t.co/BMcT6F5dsH #puma #conservation", "created_at"=>"2013-04-17T23:29:51Z", "user"=>"ConservationBug", "user_name"=>"Tara Cornelisse", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1841688758/DSCF5822_normal.JPG"}
• {"id"=>"324691949799997440", "text"=>"RT @weiwei82: #PLOSONE: First pub from the Santa Cruz Puma Project! http://t.co/0FpYCoff99 #Puma", "created_at"=>"2013-04-18T01:12:47Z", "user"=>"kotz6", "user_name"=>"kotz", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/sticky/default_profile_images/default_profile_0_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"324887836971126785", "text"=>"Puma habitat study finds human sprawl scares them away, helping \"mesopredators\" who gobble up more little mammals http://t.co/jQJIMpK8Fe", "created_at"=>"2013-04-18T14:11:11Z", "user"=>"CHCEmsden", "user_name"=>"Christopher Emsden", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2187502781/CHCEshovelmoney-clip_image001_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"324891707315458048", "text"=>"study published on the effect of #habitat fragmentation on large #predators taken mountain lions as exaple http://t.co/us8dHU7byG", "created_at"=>"2013-04-18T14:26:33Z", "user"=>"zkun1971", "user_name"=>"Zoltan Kun", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3531984723/ad0b0d9b7cecc26037b81321a40f8eb2_normal.jpeg"}

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Figshare

• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1026534", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1026535", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1026537"], "description"=>"<div><p>The spatial scale at which organisms respond to human activity can affect both ecological function and conservation planning. Yet little is known regarding the spatial scale at which distinct behaviors related to reproduction and survival are impacted by human interference. Here we provide a novel approach to estimating the spatial scale at which a top predator, the puma (<i>Puma concolor</i>), responds to human development when it is moving, feeding, communicating, and denning. We find that reproductive behaviors (communication and denning) require at least a 4× larger buffer from human development than non-reproductive behaviors (movement and feeding). In addition, pumas give a wider berth to types of human development that provide a more consistent source of human interference (neighborhoods) than they do to those in which human presence is more intermittent (arterial roads with speeds >35 mph). Neighborhoods were a deterrent to pumas regardless of behavior, while arterial roads only deterred pumas when they were communicating and denning. Female pumas were less deterred by human development than males, but they showed larger variation in their responses overall. Our behaviorally explicit approach to modeling animal response to human activity can be used as a novel tool to assess habitat quality, identify wildlife corridors, and mitigate human-wildlife conflict.</p> </div>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["responses"], "article_id"=>684090, "categories"=>["Neuroscience", "Evolutionary Biology"], "users"=>["Christopher C. Wilmers", "Yiwei Wang", "Barry Nickel", "Paul Houghtaling", "Yasaman Shakeri", "Maximilian L. Allen", "Joe Kermish-Wells", "Veronica Yovovich", "Terrie Williams"], "doi"=>["https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0060590.s001", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0060590.s002", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0060590.s003"], "stats"=>{"downloads"=>14, "page_views"=>14, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Scale_Dependent_Behavioral_Responses_to_Human_Development_by_a_Large_Predator_the_Puma_/684090", "title"=>"Scale Dependent Behavioral Responses to Human Development by a Large Predator, the Puma", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>4, "published_date"=>"2013-04-17 01:08:10"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1026515"], "description"=>"<p>These represent the relative log odds of pumas exhibiting each behavior for a unit change in normalized housing density holding other covariates constant. Note the difference in the y-axis scale among panels.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["sensitivities", "indicated", "regression", "coefficient"], "article_id"=>684071, "categories"=>["Neuroscience", "Evolutionary Biology"], "users"=>["Christopher C. Wilmers", "Yiwei Wang", "Barry Nickel", "Paul Houghtaling", "Yasaman Shakeri", "Maximilian L. Allen", "Joe Kermish-Wells", "Veronica Yovovich", "Terrie Williams"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0060590.g002", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>1, "page_views"=>6, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Relative_sensitivities_of_each_behavior_to_housing_density_as_indicated_by_the_fixed_regression_coefficient_177_s_e_of_housing_density_in_each_behavioral_model_/684071", "title"=>"Relative sensitivities of each behavior to housing density as indicated by the fixed regression coefficient (± s.e.) of housing density in each behavioral model.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2013-04-17 01:07:51"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1026516"], "description"=>"<p>Females were more tolerant of human development and displayed greater variation in their response than males, likely due to life history differences related to breeding and raising young. The sole dispersing male (M9) in our sample exhibited a tolerance of housing density more similar to that of females than other males.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["coefficient", "puma", "plotted", "marginal", "females"], "article_id"=>684072, "categories"=>["Neuroscience", "Evolutionary Biology"], "users"=>["Christopher C. Wilmers", "Yiwei Wang", "Barry Nickel", "Paul Houghtaling", "Yasaman Shakeri", "Maximilian L. Allen", "Joe Kermish-Wells", "Veronica Yovovich", "Terrie Williams"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0060590.g003", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>6, "page_views"=>11, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Estimates_of_the_random_effect_coefficient_of_housing_density_for_each_puma_are_plotted_in_relation_to_the_marginal_prediction_dashed_line_for_a_females_and_b_males_/684072", "title"=>"Estimates of the random effect coefficient of housing density for each puma are plotted in relation to the marginal prediction (dashed line) for a) females and b) males.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2013-04-17 01:07:52"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1026514"], "description"=>"<p>Circles indicate females and pluses indicate males.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["digitized", "locations", "4-hour", "20"], "article_id"=>684070, "categories"=>["Neuroscience", "Evolutionary Biology"], "users"=>["Christopher C. Wilmers", "Yiwei Wang", "Barry Nickel", "Paul Houghtaling", "Yasaman Shakeri", "Maximilian L. Allen", "Joe Kermish-Wells", "Veronica Yovovich", "Terrie Williams"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0060590.g001", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>10, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_a_Map_of_the_study_area_showing_b_digitized_housing_locations_and_c_4_hour_movement_locations_of_20_pumas_/684070", "title"=>"a) Map of the study area showing b) digitized housing locations and c) 4-hour movement locations of 20 pumas.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2013-04-17 01:07:50"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1026522"], "description"=>"<p>Intermediate colors on the feeding map are areas that pumas are likely to avoid, but will still visit occasionally to hunt and feed. It is here that most puma mortality occurs over conflicts with livestock owners. The light colored areas on the communication map represent areas where pumas are not impacted by housing density when communicating (or denning). These areas would make good candidates for reserves.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["displaying", "probability", "pumas"], "article_id"=>684078, "categories"=>["Neuroscience", "Evolutionary Biology"], "users"=>["Christopher C. Wilmers", "Yiwei Wang", "Barry Nickel", "Paul Houghtaling", "Yasaman Shakeri", "Maximilian L. Allen", "Joe Kermish-Wells", "Veronica Yovovich", "Terrie Williams"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0060590.g004", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>12, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Maps_of_the_study_area_displaying_the_relative_probability_of_use_by_pumas_in_relation_to_housing_density_when_they_are_either_a_feeding_or_b_communicating_/684078", "title"=>"Maps of the study area displaying the relative probability of use by pumas in relation to housing density when they are either a) feeding, or b) communicating.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2013-04-17 01:07:58"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1026531"], "description"=>"<p>Predicted core areas on either side of the Highway 17 are those areas where reproductive behaviors are unimpeded by housing density. Corridors were generated using the puma movement model. For each consecutive pair of individual puma locations that bisect Highway 17 (representing crossing locations), we plot the location closest to the freeway.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["illustrating", "least-cost", "corridors", "crossing", "freeway"], "article_id"=>684087, "categories"=>["Neuroscience", "Evolutionary Biology"], "users"=>["Christopher C. Wilmers", "Yiwei Wang", "Barry Nickel", "Paul Houghtaling", "Yasaman Shakeri", "Maximilian L. Allen", "Joe Kermish-Wells", "Veronica Yovovich", "Terrie Williams"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0060590.g005", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>14, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Map_illustrating_the_top_0_5_least_cost_corridors_crossing_Highway_17_8211_the_major_freeway_and_barrier_to_movement_in_our_study_area_/684087", "title"=>"Map illustrating the top 0.5% least-cost corridors crossing Highway 17– the major freeway and barrier to movement in our study area.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2013-04-17 01:08:07"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1026532"], "description"=>"*<p>Coefficients estimated independently using univariate regressions due to low sample size.</p><p>Sample sizes for each analysis were as follows: Feeding –20 pumas, 667 kill sites; Movement –20 pumas, 21,053 movement locations; Communication –183 community scrapes; Denning –10 nurseries.</p><p>The scale, <i>h</i>, of housing density in the best-fit model is reported below each of the listed behaviors.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["rsf", "puma"], "article_id"=>684088, "categories"=>["Neuroscience", "Evolutionary Biology"], "users"=>["Christopher C. Wilmers", "Yiwei Wang", "Barry Nickel", "Paul Houghtaling", "Yasaman Shakeri", "Maximilian L. Allen", "Joe Kermish-Wells", "Veronica Yovovich", "Terrie Williams"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0060590.t001", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>9, "page_views"=>8, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_The_best_fit_RSF_model_for_each_puma_behavioral_category_in_italics_/684088", "title"=>"The best fit RSF model for each puma behavioral category (in italics).", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>3, "published_date"=>"2013-04-17 01:08:08"}

PMC Usage Stats | Further Information

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Relative Metric

{"start_date"=>"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z", "end_date"=>"2013-12-31T00:00:00Z", "subject_areas"=>[{"subject_area"=>"/Biology and life sciences/Organisms", "average_usage"=>[281, 484, 611, 728, 835, 934, 1030, 1123, 1214, 1299, 1383, 1464]}, {"subject_area"=>"/Earth sciences/Geography", "average_usage"=>[285, 472, 614, 714, 817, 928, 1028, 1122, 1225, 1327, 1410, 1482, 1549]}, {"subject_area"=>"/Ecology and environmental sciences/Ecology", "average_usage"=>[298, 487, 610, 722, 827, 929, 1029, 1125, 1217, 1306, 1388, 1464, 1535]}, {"subject_area"=>"/Social sciences/Human geography", "average_usage"=>[260, 446, 573, 690, 792, 899, 988, 1069, 1160, 1252, 1311, 1380, 1445]}]}

F1000Prime