CiteULike | Further Information

• {"link"=>{"url"=>"http://www.citeulike.org/user/jphekman/article/13937220"}, "post_time"=>"2016-02-20 17:35:35", "tag"=>["dogs", "spneuter"], "linkout"=>{"type"=>"DOI", "url"=>"http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0061082"}, "username"=>"jphekman", "article_id"=>"13937220"}

Mendeley | Further Information

{"title"=>"Reproductive Capability Is Associated with Lifespan and Cause of Death in Companion Dogs", "type"=>"journal", "authors"=>[{"first_name"=>"Jessica M.", "last_name"=>"Hoffman", "scopus_author_id"=>"55946045000"}, {"first_name"=>"Kate E.", "last_name"=>"Creevy", "scopus_author_id"=>"7801497386"}, {"first_name"=>"Daniel E L", "last_name"=>"Promislow", "scopus_author_id"=>"7004253021"}], "year"=>2013, "source"=>"PLoS ONE", "identifiers"=>{"sgr"=>"84876207849", "pmid"=>"23613790", "isbn"=>"1932-6203", "pui"=>"368743287", "issn"=>"19326203", "scopus"=>"2-s2.0-84876207849", "doi"=>"10.1371/journal.pone.0061082"}, "id"=>"06cd6771-cddb-3f8c-b468-ca6ea73b41f0", "abstract"=>"Reproduction is a risky affair; a lifespan cost of maintaining reproductive capability, and of reproduction itself, has been demonstrated in a wide range of animal species. However, little is understood about the mechanisms underlying this relationship. Most cost-of-reproduction studies simply ask how reproduction influences age at death, but are blind to the subjects' actual causes of death. Lifespan is a composite variable of myriad causes of death and it has not been clear whether the consequences of reproduction or of reproductive capability influence all causes of death equally. To address this gap in understanding, we compared causes of death among over 40,000 sterilized and reproductively intact domestic dogs, Canis lupus familiaris. We found that sterilization was strongly associated with an increase in lifespan, and while it decreased risk of death from some causes, such as infectious disease, it actually increased risk of death from others, such as cancer. These findings suggest that to understand how reproduction affects lifespan, a shift in research focus is needed. Beyond the impact of reproduction on when individuals die, we must investigate its impact on why individuals die, and subsequently must identify the mechanisms by which these causes of death are influenced by the physiology associated with reproductive capability. Such an approach may also clarify the effects of reproduction on lifespan in people.", "link"=>"http://www.mendeley.com/research/reproductive-capability-associated-lifespan-cause-death-companion-dogs", "reader_count"=>90, "reader_count_by_academic_status"=>{"Unspecified"=>1, "Professor > Associate Professor"=>7, "Researcher"=>14, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>8, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>15, "Student > Postgraduate"=>9, "Student > Master"=>10, "Other"=>10, "Student > Bachelor"=>10, "Lecturer"=>2, "Lecturer > Senior Lecturer"=>1, "Professor"=>3}, "reader_count_by_user_role"=>{"Unspecified"=>1, "Professor > Associate Professor"=>7, "Researcher"=>14, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>8, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>15, "Student > Postgraduate"=>9, "Student > Master"=>10, "Other"=>10, "Student > Bachelor"=>10, "Lecturer"=>2, "Lecturer > Senior Lecturer"=>1, "Professor"=>3}, "reader_count_by_subject_area"=>{"Unspecified"=>4, "Engineering"=>1, "Environmental Science"=>3, "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>4, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>32, "Medicine and Dentistry"=>14, "Veterinary Science and Veterinary Medicine"=>28, "Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science"=>1, "Psychology"=>1, "Computer Science"=>1, "Linguistics"=>1}, "reader_count_by_subdiscipline"=>{"Engineering"=>{"Engineering"=>1}, "Medicine and Dentistry"=>{"Medicine and Dentistry"=>14}, "Psychology"=>{"Psychology"=>1}, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>{"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>32}, "Computer Science"=>{"Computer Science"=>1}, "Linguistics"=>{"Linguistics"=>1}, "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>{"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>4}, "Unspecified"=>{"Unspecified"=>4}, "Environmental Science"=>{"Environmental Science"=>3}, "Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science"=>{"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science"=>1}, "Veterinary Science and Veterinary Medicine"=>{"Veterinary Science and Veterinary Medicine"=>28}}, "reader_count_by_country"=>{"Austria"=>1, "Hungary"=>1, "United States"=>3, "United Kingdom"=>1, "Australia"=>1, "Germany"=>1, "Spain"=>1}, "group_count"=>6}

ORCID

CrossRef

• http://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-019-01240-x
• http://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2018.00200
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvsm.2014.06.003
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• http://doi.org/10.1186/s40575-020-00086-8

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• 4096726

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Article Coverage

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Article Coverage Curated

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• {"url"=>"http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.plos.org%2Fplosone%2Farticle%3Fid%3D10.1371%252Fjournal.pone.0061082", "share_count"=>13, "like_count"=>3, "comment_count"=>24, "click_count"=>0, "total_count"=>40}

Journal Comments | Further Information

• {"type"=>"COMMENT", "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/annotation/a01257d7-58e2-4a97-b31b-0a2e40d7c6ee", "title"=>"Confounding variables might affect outcome", "body"=>"The authors have performed a comprehensive analysis and presented a useful study. However, one observation should be interpreted very cautiously - specifically, the observation that non-sterilized dogs (male and female) had substantially greater risk of death due to trauma. While the authors acknowledged in the discussion that \"non-sterilized male dogs might wander more\", thereby exposing themselves to trauma, and non-sterilized female dogs might display greater dominance aggression, there are no data in the current study to support these hypotheses, nor to demonstrate that this was in fact the cause of the difference in mortalities.\n\nIt is conceivable that pet owners who refuse to sterilize their pets (for either emotional or socio-economic reasons) are more likely to fail to restrain, control, confine their pets or ultimately seek treatment for traumatic injuries. Consequently, the traumatic deaths would not be so much a reflection of gonadal status as of client behavior. Without controlling for similar client behavior, the authors' data should be very cautiously interpreted by people seeking to justify or substantiate neutering programs. It would be of interest to examine similar surivival data from countries where sterilization of pets is much less commonly adopted (e.g. many European countries).", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2013-04-22T15:55:33Z", "lastModified"=>"2013-04-22T15:55:33Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"331411"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>false}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0061082", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSONE"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSONE", "eIssn"=>"1932-6203", "title"=>"PLOS ONE"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>0, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2013-04-22T15:55:33Z", "replies"=>[]}
• {"type"=>"COMMENT", "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/annotation/8fb3f978-fe7e-47f2-901b-55c42e6e494b", "title"=>"Media Coverage of this Article", "body"=>"The following article represents some of the media coverage that has occurred for this paper:\n\nPublication: UGA press release \nTitle: “UGA research finds sterilized dogs live longer | UGA Today”\nhttp://news.uga.edu/releases/article/uga-research-finds-sterilized-dogs-live-longer/\n\nIf you see any additional coverage of this paper in the press or blogosphere, please reply to this thread and add the link to the article. \n", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2013-07-22T18:56:17Z", "lastModified"=>"2013-07-22T18:56:17Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"80539"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>true, "body"=>"PLOS ONE Staff\n"}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0061082", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSONE"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSONE", "eIssn"=>"1932-6203", "title"=>"PLOS ONE"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>1, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2013-08-05T22:41:16Z", "replies"=>[{"type"=>"REPLY", "parentID"=>68837, "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/reply/f55e4732-8745-4192-a30f-d77970158b6d", "title"=>" Media Coverage of this Article", "body"=>"\nThe following article represents some of the media coverage that has occurred for this paper:\n\nPublication: The Atlantic \nTitle: “Study: Spayed and Neutered Dogs Live Longer - Lindsay Abrams - The Atlantic”\nhttp://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/04/study-spayed-and-neutered-dogs-live-longer/275121/\n\nIf you see any additional coverage of this paper in the press or blogosphere, please reply to this thread and add the link to the article. \n", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2013-08-05T22:41:16Z", "lastModified"=>"2013-08-05T22:41:16Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"80539"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>true, "body"=>"PLOS ONE Staff"}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0061082", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSONE"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSONE", "eIssn"=>"1932-6203", "title"=>"PLOS ONE"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>0, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2013-08-05T22:41:16Z", "replies"=>[]}]}

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ScienceSeeker | Further Information

Twitter

• {"id"=>"324874908444266498", "text"=>"http://t.co/vdzR8F5J6y http://t.co/3z92RgO8iX", "created_at"=>"2013-04-18T13:19:48Z", "user"=>"FunPawCare", "user_name"=>"Fun Paw Care", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1461685773/268266_227837247250647_227821907252181_771260_7595821_n_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"324988109899038720", "text"=>"Research finds that neutered or spayed dogs lead longer lives\nhttp://t.co/i7OKGUrtPB", "created_at"=>"2013-04-18T20:49:38Z", "user"=>"oncologiavet", "user_name"=>"Oncologiavet", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1297085544/Screen_shot_2011-04-02_at_7.59.56_AM_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"325022117810810881", "text"=>"Sterilization was associated with an increase in lifespan of dogs\nhttp://t.co/i7OKGUrtPB", "created_at"=>"2013-04-18T23:04:46Z", "user"=>"oncologiavet", "user_name"=>"Oncologiavet", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1297085544/Screen_shot_2011-04-02_at_7.59.56_AM_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"325022137654067200", "text"=>"The mean age of death for intact dogs was 7.9 years versus 9.4 years for sterilized dogs\nhttp://t.co/i7OKGUrtPB", "created_at"=>"2013-04-18T23:04:50Z", "user"=>"oncologiavet", "user_name"=>"Oncologiavet", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1297085544/Screen_shot_2011-04-02_at_7.59.56_AM_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"325023262042103809", "text"=>"RT @oncologiavet: The mean age of death for intact dogs was 7.9 years versus 9.4 years for sterilized dogs\nhttp://t.co/i7OKGUrtPB", "created_at"=>"2013-04-18T23:09:19Z", "user"=>"MrsBigEars09", "user_name"=>"Christina BigEars", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3007484662/7ceb45ee4350f5f36099dc6649e121fa_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"325029349587820544", "text"=>"RT @oncologiavet: The mean age of death for intact dogs was 7.9 years versus 9.4 years for sterilized dogs\nhttp://t.co/i7OKGUrtPB", "created_at"=>"2013-04-18T23:33:30Z", "user"=>"glorirf", "user_name"=>"Glorimar Rodrigues", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1759129249/IMG05574-20110314-1747_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"325033534936981504", "text"=>"In this study it was found that sterilized dogs were more likely to die of autoimmune diseases or cancer, however...\nhttp://t.co/i7OKGUrtPB", "created_at"=>"2013-04-18T23:50:08Z", "user"=>"oncologiavet", "user_name"=>"Oncologiavet", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1297085544/Screen_shot_2011-04-02_at_7.59.56_AM_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"325097971014328320", "text"=>"RT @oncologiavet: Sterilization was associated with an increase in lifespan of dogs\nhttp://t.co/i7OKGUrtPB", "created_at"=>"2013-04-19T04:06:10Z", "user"=>"AndresMesaO", "user_name"=>"Andres Felipe Mesa O", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2505035231/image_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"325199071117709313", "text"=>"Spayed / neutered dogs live longer http://t.co/Vb1EfkEXAO A piece of #AnimalResearch unlikely to be extrapolated from animals to humans", "created_at"=>"2013-04-19T10:47:55Z", "user"=>"monikamerkes", "user_name"=>"Monika Merkes PhD", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1402571809/mm_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"325230429361819650", "text"=>"RT @oncologiavet: Sterilization was associated with an increase in lifespan of dogs\nhttp://t.co/i7OKGUrtPB", "created_at"=>"2013-04-19T12:52:31Z", "user"=>"CVGANDHI", "user_name"=>"Gandhi Veterinaria", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3378653409/9122618f5a1a38d25792e7e76c605294_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"325231382601273345", "text"=>"La esterilización en perr@s, aumenta la esperanza de vida. Un macho alargará su vida un 13% una hembra un 26%.\nhttp://t.co/LbFmpCTX0m", "created_at"=>"2013-04-19T12:56:18Z", "user"=>"CVGANDHI", "user_name"=>"Gandhi Veterinaria", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3378653409/9122618f5a1a38d25792e7e76c605294_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"325235875720097796", "text"=>"PLOS ONE: Reproductive Capability Is Associated with Lifespan and Cause of Death in Companion Dogs http://t.co/92Uc8R3RSr", "created_at"=>"2013-04-19T13:14:10Z", "user"=>"Bonafeclinica", "user_name"=>"Bonafé Veterinaria", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3178783848/2d90c1b9f2cbf70362dc2742d3b1ceed_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"325236013377142786", "text"=>"PLOS ONE: Reproductive Capability Is Associated with Lifespan and Cause of Death in Companion Dogs http://t.co/Lq3Z1auNj2", "created_at"=>"2013-04-19T13:14:42Z", "user"=>"Bonafeclinica", "user_name"=>"Bonafé Veterinaria", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3178783848/2d90c1b9f2cbf70362dc2742d3b1ceed_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"325245731873112065", "text"=>"RT @oncologiavet: Sterilization was associated with an increase in lifespan of dogs\nhttp://t.co/i7OKGUrtPB", "created_at"=>"2013-04-19T13:53:20Z", "user"=>"cvformentera", "user_name"=>"ClinicaVetFormentera", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3477909916/01812d80a9395875e74b6afafac05d36_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"327008269203824642", "text"=>"http://t.co/1pO11q6SaJ Reproductive Capability Is Associated with Lifespan & Cause of Death in Companion #Dogs", "created_at"=>"2013-04-24T10:37:01Z", "user"=>"guaucastro", "user_name"=>"Tintin Castro", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2818010414/3dbae31e1eaa16366b696c088c8c5661_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"329628952387805184", "text"=>"Reproductive Capability Is Associated with Lifespan and Cause of Death in Companion #Dogs http://t.co/FpPKp2EyaR", "created_at"=>"2013-05-01T16:10:41Z", "user"=>"AMCELL", "user_name"=>"Alan McElligott", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3287366496/5806d2c8716d066e13b12b00392adcd4_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"335311954291851264", "text"=>"http://t.co/QjcyQhv22K", "created_at"=>"2013-05-17T08:32:54Z", "user"=>"VetAlbino", "user_name"=>"Veterinario Albino", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2823088087/81ad7ab9d6ebf1b9f2005925ab807ca2_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"335312115906793472", "text"=>"I #cani sterilizzati vivono più a lungo? http://t.co/QjcyQhv22K", "created_at"=>"2013-05-17T08:33:32Z", "user"=>"VetAlbino", "user_name"=>"Veterinario Albino", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2823088087/81ad7ab9d6ebf1b9f2005925ab807ca2_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"346993847613652994", "text"=>"#PLOSONE: Reproductive Capability Is Associated with Lifespan and Cause of Death in Companion Dogs http://t.co/5qVaL3lKmC", "created_at"=>"2013-06-18T14:12:34Z", "user"=>"BfvhVet", "user_name"=>"Best Friends Vet", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/344513261575232382/ed2c403fce9c8c493b9b287bf0b81b48_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"347063063826006016", "text"=>"Reproductive Capability Is Associated with Lifespan and Cause of Death in Companion Dogs: http://t.co/Hq3ZwclDSc", "created_at"=>"2013-06-18T18:47:37Z", "user"=>"DanVHM", "user_name"=>"Dan Kramer", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1799045853/VHM_Logo_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"347174044363280384", "text"=>"http://t.co/rA5Stg5dpy http://t.co/TpXKnu4T8T", "created_at"=>"2013-06-19T02:08:37Z", "user"=>"MindenAnimalHos", "user_name"=>"Minden Animal Hosp.", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2508040660/5dq6p3bbyst5dbcqikob_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"347683722545487874", "text"=>"Reproductive Capability Is Associated with Lifespan and Cause of Death in Companion Dogs http://t.co/ducysEkBru", "created_at"=>"2013-06-20T11:53:53Z", "user"=>"lilyo", "user_name"=>"superlily", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1262782292/butt_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"352143373785767938", "text"=>"New study finds sterilized dogs live longer but are more likely to die from cancer: http://t.co/Hq3ZwclDSc", "created_at"=>"2013-07-02T19:14:57Z", "user"=>"DanVHM", "user_name"=>"Dan Kramer", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1799045853/VHM_Logo_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"353582569721298947", "text"=>"New Research determines intact dogs do not live longer. Check out: http://t.co/yefvQChf18", "created_at"=>"2013-07-06T18:33:48Z", "user"=>"TeamBadDog", "user_name"=>"Robin Lash", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2580272268/1x7dy54c1drmes1n4wvr_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"380625074627551232", "text"=>"E' VERO CHE I CANI STERILIZZATI VIVONO PIÙ A LUNGO?\n\nLa sterilizzazione può aumentare la durata della vita del... http://t.co/5O2CkS79to", "created_at"=>"2013-09-19T09:31:04Z", "user"=>"EnjoyYourDog", "user_name"=>"EnjoyYourDog A.S.D.", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2966367744/d5f6c6f8dafc9797cbd2f666966cb95f_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"458959236857606144", "text"=>"Neutered dogs live longer! http://t.co/n8y8gC4EPA", "created_at"=>"2014-04-23T13:23:03Z", "user"=>"kinenchen", "user_name"=>"Christie Taylor", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/378800000761461962/54cd023b4c6eda9fc2d452b892fc38be_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"459020781687558145", "text"=>"@laurenmills611 http://t.co/CMa2BNpI5w sully is going to live longer now!", "created_at"=>"2014-04-23T17:27:37Z", "user"=>"ticotoonice", "user_name"=>"David Sanchez", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/378800000723022240/2d59d4127df51e8db122e554974e8a82_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"552500040066142208", "text"=>"PLOS ONE: Reproductive Capability Is Associated with #Lifespan and Cause of Death in Companion #Dogs http://t.co/GBJv2hLcaX", "created_at"=>"2015-01-06T16:20:49Z", "user"=>"evobioUGA", "user_name"=>"UGA Evolution", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/452158287811604480/6PXJ0dzV_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"768276131866746889", "text"=>"https://t.co/NYGAHH45lG", "created_at"=>"2016-08-24T02:37:58Z", "user"=>"drakenvale", "user_name"=>"?", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/768258425440591872/gM5QJ3Ye_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"772676034537881600", "text"=>"https://t.co/rFG1bAabWj", "created_at"=>"2016-09-05T06:01:36Z", "user"=>"drakenvale", "user_name"=>"?", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/768258425440591872/gM5QJ3Ye_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"887376577855729664", "text"=>"Trabajen vagos culiaos en vez de vivir de los ?teros de sus perras. Ahueonaos hablando cualquier cosa por platita. https://t.co/HFoSuBhqFJ", "created_at"=>"2017-07-18T18:20:37Z", "user"=>"MyronGains1", "user_name"=>"Myron Gains", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/685154218773213184/5g2gJZ-U_normal.jpg"}

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Figshare

• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1026921", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1026922", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1026923", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1026925"], "description"=>"<div><p>Reproduction is a risky affair; a lifespan cost of maintaining reproductive capability, and of reproduction itself, has been demonstrated in a wide range of animal species. However, little is understood about the mechanisms underlying this relationship. Most cost-of-reproduction studies simply ask how reproduction influences age at death, but are blind to the subjects' actual causes of death. Lifespan is a composite variable of myriad causes of death and it has not been clear whether the consequences of reproduction or of reproductive capability influence all causes of death equally. To address this gap in understanding, we compared causes of death among over 40,000 sterilized and reproductively intact domestic dogs, <i>Canis lupus familiaris</i>. We found that sterilization was strongly associated with an increase in lifespan, and while it decreased risk of death from some causes, such as infectious disease, it actually increased risk of death from others, such as cancer. These findings suggest that to understand how reproduction affects lifespan, a shift in research focus is needed. Beyond the impact of reproduction on <i>when</i> individuals die, we must investigate its impact on <i>why</i> individuals die, and subsequently must identify the mechanisms by which these causes of death are influenced by the physiology associated with reproductive capability. Such an approach may also clarify the effects of reproduction on lifespan in people.</p></div>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["Anatomy and physiology", "Reproductive system", "ecology", "Behavioral ecology", "Ecophysiology", "Evolutionary ecology", "Physiological ecology", "Population ecology", "Evolutionary biology", "aging", "Animal behavior", "Evolutionary immunology", "Population biology", "epidemiology", "Epidemiology of aging", "Life course epidemiology", "Population metrics", "Death rate", "Animal types", "Small animals", "Veterinary anatomy and physiology", "Veterinary diseases", "Veterinary epidemiology", "Veterinary medicine", "Small animal care", "lifespan"], "article_id"=>684413, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences", "Medicine"], "users"=>["Jessica M. Hoffman", "Kate E. Creevy", "Daniel E. L. Promislow"], "doi"=>["https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0061082.s001", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0061082.s002", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0061082.s003", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0061082.s004"], "stats"=>{"downloads"=>18, "page_views"=>17, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Reproductive_Capability_Is_Associated_with_Lifespan_and_Cause_of_Death_in_Companion_Dogs_/684413", "title"=>"Reproductive Capability Is Associated with Lifespan and Cause of Death in Companion Dogs", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>4, "published_date"=>"2013-04-17 01:13:33"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1026918"], "description"=>"<p>Effects of sterilization on the 24 pure breeds that appear most frequently in our dataset (minimum sample size = 319, median sample size = 517). Bars indicate 95% CI. Colors of odds ratio bars indicate size of the breed (red-small [up to 10 kg], blue-medium [10.1–25 kg], green-large [25.1–40 kg], yellow-giant [>40 kg]). Breed abbreviations are shown (LA: Lhasa Apso, SCT: Scottish Terrier, SHT: Shih Tzu, YT: Yorkshire Terrier, TP: Toy Poodle, DACH: Dachshund, MS: Miniature Schnauzer, MP: Miniature Poodle, BH: Basset Hound, BEA: Beagle, ESS: English Springer Spaniel, COLL: Collie, ACS: American Cocker Spaniel, SH: Siberian Husky, IS: Irish Setter, SP: Standard Poodle, BOX: Boxer, SS: Shetland Sheepdog, DP: Doberman Pinscher, GS: German Shepherd, LR: Labrador Retriever, GR: Golden Retriever, GD: Great Dane, ROT: Rottweiler).</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["Anatomy and physiology", "Reproductive system", "ecology", "Behavioral ecology", "Ecophysiology", "Evolutionary ecology", "Physiological ecology", "Population ecology", "Evolutionary biology", "aging", "Animal behavior", "Evolutionary immunology", "Population biology", "epidemiology", "Epidemiology of aging", "Life course epidemiology", "Population metrics", "Death rate", "Animal types", "Small animals", "Veterinary anatomy and physiology", "Veterinary diseases", "Veterinary epidemiology", "Veterinary medicine", "Small animal care", "causes"], "article_id"=>684411, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences", "Medicine"], "users"=>["Jessica M. Hoffman", "Kate E. Creevy", "Daniel E. L. Promislow"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0061082.g002", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>1, "page_views"=>9, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Breed_specific_causes_of_mortality_/684411", "title"=>"Breed specific causes of mortality.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2013-04-17 01:13:31"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1026920"], "description"=>"<p>Odds ratios for each of the eight PP are shown. Data for sterilized males (top) and sterilized females (bottom) are shown separately, and intact dogs of the same sex served as the reference population for each group.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["Anatomy and physiology", "Reproductive system", "ecology", "Behavioral ecology", "Ecophysiology", "Evolutionary ecology", "Physiological ecology", "Population ecology", "Evolutionary biology", "aging", "Animal behavior", "Evolutionary immunology", "Population biology", "epidemiology", "Epidemiology of aging", "Life course epidemiology", "Population metrics", "Death rate", "Animal types", "Small animals", "Veterinary anatomy and physiology", "Veterinary diseases", "Veterinary epidemiology", "Veterinary medicine", "Small animal care", "pathophysiologic", "sterilized"], "article_id"=>684412, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences", "Medicine"], "users"=>["Jessica M. Hoffman", "Kate E. Creevy", "Daniel E. L. Promislow"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0061082.t001", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>6, "page_views"=>23, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Risk_of_death_by_pathophysiologic_process_PP_for_sterilized_dogs_/684412", "title"=>"Risk of death by pathophysiologic process (PP) for sterilized dogs.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>3, "published_date"=>"2013-04-17 01:13:32"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1026917"], "description"=>"<p>(A) Kaplan-Meier plots of longevity for males (left) and females (right). Blue lines indicate sterilized dogs and red lines indicate intact dogs. (B) Common log-odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for pathophysiological processes (PP). Height of each bar indicates the relative frequency of each PP among all deaths. (C) Effects of sterilization on specific neoplastic diagnoses, showing common log odds ratios and 95% CI. Height of each bar indicates fraction of individuals with this diagnosis at the time of death. Transitional CC – transitional cell carcinoma; Squamous CC – squamous cell carcinoma. All cancers significant at <i>P</i><0.01 except prostate cancer, squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma (<i>P</i>>0.05). (D) As in <a href=\"http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0061082#pone-0061082-g001\" target=\"_blank\">Figure 1C</a>, but for specific infectious disease diagnoses. All infectious diseases significant at <i>P</i><0.01 except blastomycosis (<i>P</i>>0.4).</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["Anatomy and physiology", "Reproductive system", "ecology", "Behavioral ecology", "Ecophysiology", "Evolutionary ecology", "Physiological ecology", "Population ecology", "Evolutionary biology", "aging", "Animal behavior", "Evolutionary immunology", "Population biology", "epidemiology", "Epidemiology of aging", "Life course epidemiology", "Population metrics", "Death rate", "Animal types", "Small animals", "Veterinary anatomy and physiology", "Veterinary diseases", "Veterinary epidemiology", "Veterinary medicine", "Small animal care", "sterilization", "longevity"], "article_id"=>684410, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences", "Medicine"], "users"=>["Jessica M. Hoffman", "Kate E. Creevy", "Daniel E. L. Promislow"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0061082.g001", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>2, "page_views"=>10, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Effect_of_sterilization_on_longevity_and_diagnoses_/684410", "title"=>"Effect of sterilization on longevity and diagnoses.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2013-04-17 01:13:30"}

PMC Usage Stats | Further Information

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• {"unique-ip"=>"163", "full-text"=>"189", "pdf"=>"6", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"1", "supp-data"=>"2", "cited-by"=>"1", "year"=>"2020", "month"=>"2"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"116", "full-text"=>"144", "pdf"=>"2", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"9", "supp-data"=>"5", "cited-by"=>"1", "year"=>"2020", "month"=>"3"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"129", "full-text"=>"156", "pdf"=>"2", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"2", "supp-data"=>"9", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2020", "month"=>"4"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"146", "full-text"=>"177", "pdf"=>"5", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"2", "supp-data"=>"1", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2020", "month"=>"5"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"145", "full-text"=>"178", "pdf"=>"7", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"5", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2020", "month"=>"6"}

Relative Metric

{"start_date"=>"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z", "end_date"=>"2013-12-31T00:00:00Z", "subject_areas"=>[{"subject_area"=>"/Biology and life sciences/Organisms", "average_usage"=>[281, 484, 611, 728, 835, 934, 1030, 1123, 1214, 1299, 1383, 1464]}, {"subject_area"=>"/Biology and life sciences/Veterinary science", "average_usage"=>[313, 571, 709, 825, 944, 1048, 1145, 1261, 1354, 1434, 1524, 1599, 1684]}]}

F1000Prime