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{"title"=>"Remote Guidance of Untrained Turtles by Controlling Voluntary Instinct Behavior", "type"=>"journal", "authors"=>[{"first_name"=>"Serin", "last_name"=>"Lee", "scopus_author_id"=>"56298593200"}, {"first_name"=>"Cheol Hu", "last_name"=>"Kim", "scopus_author_id"=>"55946171700"}, {"first_name"=>"Dae Gun", "last_name"=>"Kim", "scopus_author_id"=>"55946176800"}, {"first_name"=>"Han Guen", "last_name"=>"Kim", "scopus_author_id"=>"36809974000"}, {"first_name"=>"Phill Seung", "last_name"=>"Lee", "scopus_author_id"=>"9740437800"}, {"first_name"=>"Hyun", "last_name"=>"Myung", "scopus_author_id"=>"7004861367"}], "year"=>2013, "source"=>"PLoS ONE", "identifiers"=>{"pui"=>"368743230", "issn"=>"19326203", "doi"=>"10.1371/journal.pone.0061798", "scopus"=>"2-s2.0-84876205208", "pmid"=>"23613939", "sgr"=>"84876205208"}, "id"=>"d639bd8c-50b0-3b20-8600-991468f953d4", "abstract"=>"Recently, several studies have been carried out on the direct control of behavior in insects and other lower animals in order to apply these behaviors to the performance of specialized tasks in an attempt to find more efficient means of carrying out these tasks than artificial intelligence agents. While most of the current methods cause involuntary behavior in animals by electronically stimulating the corresponding brain area or muscle, we show that, in turtles, it is also possible to control certain types of behavior, such as movement trajectory, by evoking an appropriate voluntary instinctive behavior. We have found that causing a particular behavior, such as obstacle avoidance, by providing a specific visual stimulus results in effective control of the turtle's movement. We propose that this principle may be adapted and expanded into a general framework to control any animal behavior as an alternative to robotic probes.", "link"=>"http://www.mendeley.com/research/remote-guidance-untrained-turtles-controlling-voluntary-instinct-behavior", "reader_count"=>24, "reader_count_by_academic_status"=>{"Unspecified"=>1, "Professor > Associate Professor"=>2, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>9, "Student > Postgraduate"=>1, "Student > Master"=>5, "Other"=>3, "Student > Bachelor"=>2, "Professor"=>1}, "reader_count_by_user_role"=>{"Unspecified"=>1, "Professor > Associate Professor"=>2, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>9, "Student > Postgraduate"=>1, "Student > Master"=>5, "Other"=>3, "Student > Bachelor"=>2, "Professor"=>1}, "reader_count_by_subject_area"=>{"Engineering"=>6, "Unspecified"=>1, "Environmental Science"=>3, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>5, "Medicine and Dentistry"=>2, "Arts and Humanities"=>1, "Neuroscience"=>1, "Psychology"=>2, "Computer Science"=>3}, "reader_count_by_subdiscipline"=>{"Engineering"=>{"Engineering"=>6}, "Medicine and Dentistry"=>{"Medicine and Dentistry"=>2}, "Neuroscience"=>{"Neuroscience"=>1}, "Psychology"=>{"Psychology"=>2}, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>{"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>5}, "Computer Science"=>{"Computer Science"=>3}, "Unspecified"=>{"Unspecified"=>1}, "Environmental Science"=>{"Environmental Science"=>3}, "Arts and Humanities"=>{"Arts and Humanities"=>1}}, "reader_count_by_country"=>{"South Korea"=>1, "Argentina"=>1, "Luxembourg"=>1, "Germany"=>1}, "group_count"=>2}

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• http://doi.org/10.1109/MIS.2015.37
• http://doi.org/10.1016/S1672-6529(16)60401-8

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• {"type"=>"COMMENT", "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/annotation/032b41ce-df67-44ef-9723-4402a8f47d14", "title"=>"Media Coverage of This Article", "body"=>"The following article represents some of the media coverage that has occurred for this paper:\n\nPublication: NCBI ROFL: Phase 1: Build an army of remote-controlled turtles. Phase 2: ? Phase 3: Take over the world! : Discoblog \nTitle: “NCBI ROFL: Phase 1: Build an army of remote-controlled turtles. Phase 2: ? Phase 3: Take over the world! : Discoblog”\nhttp://blogs.discovermagazine.com/discoblog/2013/04/22/ncbi-rofl-phase-1-build-an-army-of-remote-controlled-turtles-phase-2-phase-3-take-over-the-world/#.UXgojrVQGLE\n\nPublication: Beware the Unstoppable Cyborg Turtle - IEEE Spectrum \nTitle: “Beware the Unstoppable Cyborg Turtle - IEEE Spectrum”\nhttp://spectrum.ieee.org/automaton/robotics/military-robots/beware-the-unstoppable-cyborg-turtle\n\nPublication: Turtles Maneuvered With Remote Control | LiveScience \nTitle: “Turtles Maneuvered With Remote Control | LiveScience”\nhttp://www.livescience.com/28914-turtle-robot-remote-control.html\n\nPublication: Turtles Maneuvered With Remote Control | LiveScience \nTitle: “Turtles Maneuvered With Remote Control | LiveScience”\nhttp://www.livescience.com/28914-turtle-robot-remote-control.html?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+Razionalismo+(Razionalismo)\n\nPublication: Turtle becomes 'biobot' with scheme that controls voluntary behavior - FutureTech on NBCNews.com \nTitle: “Turtle becomes 'biobot' with scheme that controls voluntary behavior - FutureTech on NBCNews.com”\nhttp://www.nbcnews.com/technology/futureoftech/turtle-becomes-biobot-scheme-controls-voluntary-behavior-6C9567490\n\nIf you see any additional coverage of this paper in the press or blogosphere, please reply to this thread and add the link to the article.", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2013-04-26T23:47:44Z", "lastModified"=>"2013-04-26T23:47:44Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"80539"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>true, "body"=>"PLOS ONE Staff"}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0061798", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSONE"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSONE", "eIssn"=>"1932-6203", "title"=>"PLOS ONE"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>1, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2013-08-09T18:27:12Z", "replies"=>[{"type"=>"REPLY", "parentID"=>64915, "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/reply/897300b8-7570-4a03-9e89-50e064cba520", "title"=>" Media Coverage of This Article", "body"=>"The following article represents some of the media coverage that has occurred for this paper:\n\nPublication: IEEE Spectrum \nTitle: “Beware the Unstoppable Cyborg Turtle - IEEE Spectrum”\nhttp://spectrum.ieee.org/automaton/robotics/military-robots/beware-the-unstoppable-cyborg-turtle/?utm_source=roboticsnews&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=043013\n\nIf you see any additional coverage of this paper in the press or blogosphere, please reply to this thread and add the link to the article. \n", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2013-08-09T18:27:12Z", "lastModified"=>"2013-08-09T18:27:12Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"80539"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>true, "body"=>"PLOS ONE Staff"}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0061798", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSONE"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSONE", "eIssn"=>"1932-6203", "title"=>"PLOS ONE"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>0, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2013-08-09T18:27:12Z", "replies"=>[]}]}

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• {"id"=>"324884495155200000", "text"=>"First the turtles, then some of us. Remote Guidance of Untrained Turtles by Controlling Voluntary Instinct Behavior http://t.co/oXx9PYyJI6", "created_at"=>"2013-04-18T13:57:54Z", "user"=>"CHCEmsden", "user_name"=>"Christopher Emsden", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2187502781/CHCEshovelmoney-clip_image001_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"324964596597272578", "text"=>"Remote-controlled turtles...this will not end well for humanity. I welcome our robotic testudine overlords! @PLOSONE http://t.co/Se9DwBDTt1", "created_at"=>"2013-04-18T19:16:12Z", "user"=>"AndyFarke", "user_name"=>"Andrew A. Farke", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1268991571/farke_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"325039848333377536", "text"=>"ラジコンのカメ！　http://t.co/lJqiopzIkE", "created_at"=>"2013-04-19T00:15:13Z", "user"=>"fjwrsinitchy", "user_name"=>"Shin-ichi Fujiwara", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/641455171/taihou-icon_normal.JPG"}
• {"id"=>"325233197648605185", "text"=>"Supporting information FTW! #PLOSONE: Remote Guidance of Untrained Turtles by Controlling Voluntary Instinct Behavior http://t.co/CpbHQ3ht1n", "created_at"=>"2013-04-19T13:03:31Z", "user"=>"aivelo", "user_name"=>"Tuomas Aivelo", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1743638788/kuvaNI_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"326595789277249537", "text"=>"#PLOSONE: Remote Guidance of Untrained Turtles by Controlling Voluntary Instinct Behavior http://t.co/X4c1WpVmeD", "created_at"=>"2013-04-23T07:17:58Z", "user"=>"monzoneta", "user_name"=>"Esther Monzó", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3478964398/75e514f3cda7a2884fea9f42087886ec_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"326735886236647424", "text"=>"animatronics: one day remote-controlled turtles may replace underwater robots? http://t.co/ezF5E0SN8G", "created_at"=>"2013-04-23T16:34:40Z", "user"=>"aamplitude", "user_name"=>"Theo Feng", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/418997895/aampy_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"326794756770381825", "text"=>"PLOS ONE: Remote Guidance of Untrained Turtles by Controlling Voluntary Instinct Behavior http://t.co/NYDdwtJGOL", "created_at"=>"2013-04-23T20:28:36Z", "user"=>"neuroethology", "user_name"=>"Neuroethology (ISN)", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/456050586/ISN_avatar_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"326795015449874432", "text"=>"RT @neuroethology: PLOS ONE: Remote Guidance of Untrained Turtles by Controlling Voluntary Instinct Behavior http://t.co/NYDdwtJGOL", "created_at"=>"2013-04-23T20:29:37Z", "user"=>"munireozlem", "user_name"=>"Munire Ozlem Cevik", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3234980413/8af3d7b0629317fcb53c35cbe71897fe_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"326890911084720128", "text"=>"Remote controlled turtles! http://t.co/r2R31HlB1Y. Complete with video: http://t.co/j2cTqCJ9yZ", "created_at"=>"2013-04-24T02:50:41Z", "user"=>"rcthomson", "user_name"=>"Bob Thomson", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2773683974/d5da46f2a502c34d69f2357e8fc8bda3_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"327062853100138496", "text"=>"PLOS ONE: Remote Guidance of Untrained Turtles by Controlling Voluntary Instinct Behavior http://t.co/uLbZvrA0wp", "created_at"=>"2013-04-24T14:13:55Z", "user"=>"AGSchildkroeten", "user_name"=>"AG Schildkröten", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1907828857/AG-Logo_klein_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"327062893235417091", "text"=>"PLOS ONE: Remote Guidance of Untrained Turtles by Controlling Voluntary Instinct Behavior http://t.co/2ib2RDxkAZ", "created_at"=>"2013-04-24T14:14:04Z", "user"=>"DGHTeV", "user_name"=>"DGHT", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2070186960/526730_305018862903140_110072322397796_725476_1865692100_n_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"332963895159422976", "text"=>"L'attaque des tortues radiocontrolés\n http://t.co/iuQzXc1vsx", "created_at"=>"2013-05-10T21:02:33Z", "user"=>"Hans_Bod", "user_name"=>"Hans Bodart", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3586030177/6c4b1e18eeedfb3b55689b420a3dc606_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"381166863025074176", "text"=>"http://t.co/tfzEy0sJa6 Hellooo~", "created_at"=>"2013-09-20T21:23:56Z", "user"=>"SaraAuttenberg", "user_name"=>"SaraAuttenberg", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2323779871/shutyomouth_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"381167407584124929", "text"=>"@mnxmnkmnd http://t.co/tfzEy0sJa6 You may enjoy this as much as I do.", "created_at"=>"2013-09-20T21:26:06Z", "user"=>"SaraAuttenberg", "user_name"=>"SaraAuttenberg", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/2323779871/shutyomouth_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"381168045730717696", "text"=>"RT @SaraAuttenberg: @mnxmnkmnd http://t.co/tfzEy0sJa6 You may enjoy this as much as I do.", "created_at"=>"2013-09-20T21:28:38Z", "user"=>"mnxmnkmnd", "user_name"=>"Tzetze", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/3683374135/c637bfc5e4055c9d3a6d007aa1297b24_normal.jpeg"}

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• {"title"=>"File:Remote-Guidance-of-Untrained-Turtles-by-Controlling-Voluntary-Instinct-Behavior-pone.0061798.s001.ogv", "url"=>"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Remote-Guidance-of-Untrained-Turtles-by-Controlling-Voluntary-Instinct-Behavior-pone.0061798.s001.ogv", "timestamp"=>"2018-05-24T11:12:58Z"}

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Figshare

• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1027068"], "description"=>"<div><p>Recently, several studies have been carried out on the direct control of behavior in insects and other lower animals in order to apply these behaviors to the performance of specialized tasks in an attempt to find more efficient means of carrying out these tasks than artificial intelligence agents. While most of the current methods cause involuntary behavior in animals by electronically stimulating the corresponding brain area or muscle, we show that, in turtles, it is also possible to control certain types of behavior, such as movement trajectory, by evoking an appropriate voluntary instinctive behavior. We have found that causing a particular behavior, such as obstacle avoidance, by providing a specific visual stimulus results in effective control of the turtle's movement. We propose that this principle may be adapted and expanded into a general framework to control any animal behavior as an alternative to robotic probes.</p></div>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["biotechnology", "Bioengineering", "Biological systems engineering", "Biomimetics", "Bionics", "Computational biology", "systems biology", "neuroscience", "Neuroethology", "Zoology", "Animal behavior", "Herpetology", "Control engineering", "Control systems", "Mechanical engineering", "robotics", "untrained", "turtles", "controlling"], "article_id"=>684537, "categories"=>["Information And Computing Sciences", "Engineering", "Biological Sciences"], "users"=>["Serin Lee", "Cheol-Hu Kim", "Dae-Gun Kim", "Han-Guen Kim", "Phill-Seung Lee", "Hyun Myung"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0061798", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>3, "page_views"=>26, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Remote_Guidance_of_Untrained_Turtles_by_Controlling_Voluntary_Instinct_Behavior_/684537", "title"=>"Remote Guidance of Untrained Turtles by Controlling Voluntary Instinct Behavior", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>2, "published_date"=>"2013-04-17 01:15:37"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1027061"], "description"=>"<p>(A) To examine the turtle's visual obstacle recognition, an experimental arena was equipped with a camera and two movable cylinders as obstacles (shown from the side view and from above). The dimensions of the arena, surrounding walls, and obstacles are indicated. (B) Experiments performed on the laboratory floor area (with the dimensions indicated) are shown in the drawing. The placements of the turtle, obstacle, and tracking system are shown. (C) The embedded control system to block the turtle's view is shown in the drawing. The servo motor controls the positioning of the semi-cylinder obstacle (in the image, it is positioned directly in front of the turtle). The red circle on the controller tracked by the simple tracking algorithm was regarded as the location of the turtle. (D) The turtle was remotely controlled to follow the desired path by alternating the visual angle of the obstacle between ±180 (no stimulus) and ±90 degrees (<a href=\"http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0061798#pone.0061798.s001\" target=\"_blank\">Movie S1</a>).</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["biotechnology", "Bioengineering", "Biological systems engineering", "Biomimetics", "Bionics", "Computational biology", "systems biology", "neuroscience", "Neuroethology", "Zoology", "Animal behavior", "Herpetology", "Control engineering", "Control systems", "Mechanical engineering", "robotics", "remote-controlled", "tracking"], "article_id"=>684530, "categories"=>["Information And Computing Sciences", "Engineering", "Biological Sciences"], "users"=>["Serin Lee", "Cheol-Hu Kim", "Dae-Gun Kim", "Han-Guen Kim", "Phill-Seung Lee", "Hyun Myung"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0061798.g001", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>2, "page_views"=>6, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Depiction_of_experimental_remote_controlled_visual_stimulus_delivery_and_tracking_systems_/684530", "title"=>"Depiction of experimental remote-controlled visual stimulus delivery and tracking systems.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2013-04-17 01:15:30"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1027063"], "description"=>"<p>(A) The movement trajectories were tracked after turtles (red circles) were initially placed 50 cm in front of obstacles. Obstacles were movable black or white cylinders (radius = 5 cm, height = 10 cm), and the turtles could push them to go past. (B) Turtles were initially located 55 cm (marked by red circles at mid-carapace) in front of a movable black obstacle wall in an arena with white side walls.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["biotechnology", "Bioengineering", "Biological systems engineering", "Biomimetics", "Bionics", "Computational biology", "systems biology", "neuroscience", "Neuroethology", "Zoology", "Animal behavior", "Herpetology", "Control engineering", "Control systems", "Mechanical engineering", "robotics", "avoidance"], "article_id"=>684532, "categories"=>["Information And Computing Sciences", "Engineering", "Biological Sciences"], "users"=>["Serin Lee", "Cheol-Hu Kim", "Dae-Gun Kim", "Han-Guen Kim", "Phill-Seung Lee", "Hyun Myung"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0061798.g002", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>10, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Control_of_obstacle_avoidance_behavior_/684532", "title"=>"Control of obstacle avoidance behavior.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2013-04-17 01:15:32"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1027065"], "description"=>"<p>(A) Each movement trajectory was translated to place the location at which the stimulus was given at the origin, and then rotated so that its tangential line at that location coincides with the y-axis. The red lines represent the trajectories after the visual stimuli were provided. The black lines describe the trajectories before the stimuli. The angle of the obstacle is indicated numerically and by the image of the semi-cylinder. Two black dotted lines show orientation and comparison (n = 10–21). (B) The radii of curvature (RoC) of the red trajectories in (A) are plotted by mean and standard deviation, although they were not always normally distributed. (C) The average turning velocities (ATV) of the trajectories are plotted and analyzed as described for the RoC in (B). (D) To measure the turning behavior, a turning distance vector was defined as shown in this figure (see text for details).</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["biotechnology", "Bioengineering", "Biological systems engineering", "Biomimetics", "Bionics", "Computational biology", "systems biology", "neuroscience", "Neuroethology", "Zoology", "Animal behavior", "Herpetology", "Control engineering", "Control systems", "Mechanical engineering", "robotics", "movements"], "article_id"=>684534, "categories"=>["Information And Computing Sciences", "Engineering", "Biological Sciences"], "users"=>["Serin Lee", "Cheol-Hu Kim", "Dae-Gun Kim", "Han-Guen Kim", "Phill-Seung Lee", "Hyun Myung"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0061798.g003", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>7, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Relationship_between_a_turtle_s_movements_and_visual_angle_to_the_obstacle_/684534", "title"=>"Relationship between a turtle's movements and visual angle to the obstacle.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2013-04-17 01:15:34"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1027066"], "description"=>"<p>(A) Examples of guided turtle navigation using the embedded control system to block the turtle's view. Each arrow indicates positions at which forward (F), stop (S), right (R) and left (L) directional stimuli were issued. (B) Turtle movement was controlled by alternately providing forward, right, left and stop stimuli causing obstacle avoidance (see text). The desired (red) and actual (black) paths of the turtles are plotted.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["biotechnology", "Bioengineering", "Biological systems engineering", "Biomimetics", "Bionics", "Computational biology", "systems biology", "neuroscience", "Neuroethology", "Zoology", "Animal behavior", "Herpetology", "Control engineering", "Control systems", "Mechanical engineering", "robotics"], "article_id"=>684535, "categories"=>["Information And Computing Sciences", "Engineering", "Biological Sciences"], "users"=>["Serin Lee", "Cheol-Hu Kim", "Dae-Gun Kim", "Han-Guen Kim", "Phill-Seung Lee", "Hyun Myung"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0061798.g004", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>1, "page_views"=>8, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Controlling_turtle_s_walking_path_/684535", "title"=>"Controlling turtle's walking path.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2013-04-17 01:15:35"}

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Relative Metric

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F1000Prime