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{"title"=>"The High Burden of Tuberculosis (TB) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in a Large Zambian Prison: A Public Health Alert", "type"=>"journal", "authors"=>[{"first_name"=>"German", "last_name"=>"Henostroza", "scopus_author_id"=>"8358995600"}, {"first_name"=>"Stephanie M.", "last_name"=>"Topp", "scopus_author_id"=>"57195967318"}, {"first_name"=>"Sisa", "last_name"=>"Hatwiinda", "scopus_author_id"=>"24466414800"}, {"first_name"=>"Katie R.", "last_name"=>"Maggard", "scopus_author_id"=>"55201575400"}, {"first_name"=>"Winifreda", "last_name"=>"Phiri", "scopus_author_id"=>"55820971400"}, {"first_name"=>"Jennifer B.", "last_name"=>"Harris", "scopus_author_id"=>"37099473000"}, {"first_name"=>"Annika", "last_name"=>"Krüüner", "scopus_author_id"=>"6602790604"}, {"first_name"=>"Nathan", "last_name"=>"Kapata", "scopus_author_id"=>"23992930000"}, {"first_name"=>"Helen", "last_name"=>"Ayles", "scopus_author_id"=>"6601965064"}, {"first_name"=>"Chisela", "last_name"=>"Chileshe", "scopus_author_id"=>"55821716200"}, {"first_name"=>"Stewart E.", "last_name"=>"Reid", "scopus_author_id"=>"14065064500"}], "year"=>2013, "source"=>"PLoS ONE", "identifiers"=>{"pmid"=>"23967048", "doi"=>"10.1371/journal.pone.0067338", "sgr"=>"84881488699", "isbn"=>"1932-6203; 1932-6203", "scopus"=>"2-s2.0-84881488699", "issn"=>"19326203", "pui"=>"369566960"}, "id"=>"5cfa9055-881c-3d07-9cb9-91506c3afec0", "abstract"=>"BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) represent two of the greatest health threats in African prisons. In 2010, collaboration between the Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, the Zambia Prisons Service, and the National TB Program established a TB and HIV screening program in six Zambian prisons. We report data on the prevalence of TB and HIV in one of the largest facilities: Lusaka Central Prison.\\n\\nMETHODS: Between November 2010 and April 2011, we assessed the prevalence of TB and HIV amongst inmates entering, residing, and exiting the prison, as well as in the surrounding community. The screening protocol included complete history and physical exam, digital radiography, opt-out HIV counseling and testing, sputum smear and culture. A TB case was defined as either bacteriologically confirmed or clinically diagnosed.\\n\\nRESULTS: A total of 2323 participants completed screening. A majority (88%) were male, median age 31 years and body mass index 21.9. TB symptoms were found in 1430 (62%). TB was diagnosed in 176 (7.6%) individuals and 52 people were already on TB treatment at time of screening. TB was bacteriologically confirmed in 88 cases (3.8%) and clinically diagnosed in 88 cases (3.8%). Confirmed TB at entry and exit interventions were 4.6% and 5.3% respectively. Smear was positive in only 25% (n = 22) of bacteriologically confirmed cases. HIV prevalence among inmates currently residing in prison was 27.4%.\\n\\nCONCLUSION: Ineffective TB and HIV screening programs deter successful disease control strategies in prison facilities and their surrounding communities. We found rates of TB and HIV in Lusaka Central Prison that are substantially higher than the Zambian average, with a trend towards concentration and potential transmission of both diseases within the facility and to the general population. Investment in institutional and criminal justice reform as well as prison-specific health systems is urgently required.", "link"=>"http://www.mendeley.com/research/high-burden-tuberculosis-tb-human-immunodeficiency-virus-hiv-large-zambian-prison-public-health-aler", "reader_count"=>92, "reader_count_by_academic_status"=>{"Unspecified"=>5, "Professor > Associate Professor"=>2, "Researcher"=>21, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>4, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>13, "Student > Postgraduate"=>9, "Student > Master"=>24, "Other"=>4, "Student > Bachelor"=>4, "Lecturer"=>3, "Lecturer > Senior Lecturer"=>1, "Professor"=>2}, "reader_count_by_user_role"=>{"Unspecified"=>5, "Professor > Associate Professor"=>2, "Researcher"=>21, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>4, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>13, "Student > Postgraduate"=>9, "Student > Master"=>24, "Other"=>4, "Student > Bachelor"=>4, "Lecturer"=>3, "Lecturer > Senior Lecturer"=>1, "Professor"=>2}, "reader_count_by_subject_area"=>{"Unspecified"=>8, "Nursing and Health Professions"=>12, "Mathematics"=>1, "Medicine and Dentistry"=>40, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>1, "Arts and Humanities"=>1, "Business, Management and Accounting"=>1, "Psychology"=>1, "Social Sciences"=>24, "Computer Science"=>1, "Immunology and Microbiology"=>2}, "reader_count_by_subdiscipline"=>{"Medicine and Dentistry"=>{"Medicine and Dentistry"=>40}, "Social Sciences"=>{"Social Sciences"=>24}, "Psychology"=>{"Psychology"=>1}, "Immunology and Microbiology"=>{"Immunology and Microbiology"=>2}, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>{"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>1}, "Computer Science"=>{"Computer Science"=>1}, "Nursing and Health Professions"=>{"Nursing and Health Professions"=>12}, "Business, Management and Accounting"=>{"Business, Management and Accounting"=>1}, "Mathematics"=>{"Mathematics"=>1}, "Unspecified"=>{"Unspecified"=>8}, "Arts and Humanities"=>{"Arts and Humanities"=>1}}, "reader_count_by_country"=>{"United States"=>1, "Brazil"=>1, "Zambia"=>1, "Malaysia"=>1, "Chile"=>1}, "group_count"=>2}

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• {"id"=>"368046319631208448", "text"=>"Scary stuff #PLOSONE One in 25 inmates had undiagnosed culture-positive TB in a large prison in Lusaka http://t.co/wETJBbXOV9", "created_at"=>"2013-08-15T16:27:35Z", "user"=>"drug_resistance", "user_name"=>"SATuRN", "user_profile_image"=>"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1691412906/featuresaturnLOGO_normal.jpg"}

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• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1170098"], "description"=>"<p>Schedule of Screening Activities.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["Population biology", "epidemiology", "Infectious disease epidemiology", "Infectious diseases", "Bacterial diseases", "tuberculosis", "Multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis", "Viral diseases", "hiv", "HIV epidemiology", "Public health", "Health screening", "law", "Criminal justice system", "prisons"], "article_id"=>772794, "categories"=>["Medicine", "Biological Sciences", "Sociology"], "users"=>["German Henostroza", "Stephanie M. Topp", "Sisa Hatwiinda", "Katie R. Maggard", "Winifreda Phiri", "Jennifer B. Harris", "Annika Kruuner", "Nathan Kapata", "Helen Ayles", "Chisela Chileshe", "Stewart E. Reid"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0067338.t001", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>1, "page_views"=>6, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Schedule_of_Screening_Activities_/772794", "title"=>"Schedule of Screening Activities.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>3, "published_date"=>"2013-08-14 03:35:11"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1170095"], "description"=>"1<p>Includes prior positives, persons who had tested negative within the 3 months prior to screening, and those who accepted PITC at screening.</p>2<p>Due to staffing limitations and unavailability of test kits at screening start-up, the majority of inmates participating in exit screening were not offered PITC.</p>3<p>The lower uptake of PITC in community screening is primarily due to persons declining HIV testing.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["Population biology", "epidemiology", "Infectious disease epidemiology", "Infectious diseases", "Bacterial diseases", "tuberculosis", "Multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis", "Viral diseases", "hiv", "HIV epidemiology", "Public health", "Health screening", "law", "Criminal justice system", "prisons", "prevalence"], "article_id"=>772791, "categories"=>["Medicine", "Biological Sciences", "Sociology"], "users"=>["German Henostroza", "Stephanie M. Topp", "Sisa Hatwiinda", "Katie R. Maggard", "Winifreda Phiri", "Jennifer B. Harris", "Annika Kruuner", "Nathan Kapata", "Helen Ayles", "Chisela Chileshe", "Stewart E. Reid"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0067338.t004", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>1, "page_views"=>7, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_HIV_prevalence_and_TB_HIV_co_infection_/772791", "title"=>"HIV prevalence and TB/HIV co-infection.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>3, "published_date"=>"2013-08-14 03:35:11"}

PMC Usage Stats | Further Information

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Relative Metric

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F1000Prime