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{"title"=>"Partial Sleep Restriction Activates Immune Response-Related Gene Expression Pathways: Experimental and Epidemiological Studies in Humans", "type"=>"journal", "authors"=>[{"first_name"=>"Vilma", "last_name"=>"Aho", "scopus_author_id"=>"55892627100"}, {"first_name"=>"Hanna M.", "last_name"=>"Ollila", "scopus_author_id"=>"25636363300"}, {"first_name"=>"Ville", "last_name"=>"Rantanen", "scopus_author_id"=>"36936872300"}, {"first_name"=>"Erkki", "last_name"=>"Kronholm", "scopus_author_id"=>"6603577155"}, {"first_name"=>"Ida", "last_name"=>"Surakka", "scopus_author_id"=>"26654479000"}, {"first_name"=>"Wessel M.A.", "last_name"=>"van Leeuwen", "scopus_author_id"=>"57189103260"}, {"first_name"=>"Maili", "last_name"=>"Lehto", "scopus_author_id"=>"16151489600"}, {"first_name"=>"Sampsa", "last_name"=>"Matikainen", "scopus_author_id"=>"7003789436"}, {"first_name"=>"Samuli", "last_name"=>"Ripatti", "scopus_author_id"=>"6603009457"}, {"first_name"=>"Mikko", "last_name"=>"Härmä", "scopus_author_id"=>"7005318528"}, {"first_name"=>"Mikael", "last_name"=>"Sallinen", "scopus_author_id"=>"6604003217"}, {"first_name"=>"Veikko", "last_name"=>"Salomaa", "scopus_author_id"=>"7004714461"}, {"first_name"=>"Matti", "last_name"=>"Jauhiainen", "scopus_author_id"=>"7006672430"}, {"first_name"=>"Harri", "last_name"=>"Alenius", "scopus_author_id"=>"15749838700"}, {"first_name"=>"Tiina", "last_name"=>"Paunio", "scopus_author_id"=>"7003887598"}, {"first_name"=>"Tarja", "last_name"=>"Porkka-Heiskanen", "scopus_author_id"=>"7003683803"}], "year"=>2013, "source"=>"PLoS ONE", "identifiers"=>{"issn"=>"19326203", "scopus"=>"2-s2.0-84886050257", "pui"=>"370091184", "doi"=>"10.1371/journal.pone.0077184", "isbn"=>"1932-6203 (Electronic)\\r1932-6203 (Linking)", "sgr"=>"84886050257", "pmid"=>"24194869"}, "id"=>"d687768d-5b66-39f6-ada8-7f599ed9051c", "abstract"=>"Epidemiological studies have shown that short or insufficient sleep is associated with increased risk for metabolic diseases and mortality. To elucidate mechanisms behind this connection, we aimed to identify genes and pathways affected by experimentally induced, partial sleep restriction and to verify their connection to insufficient sleep at population level. The experimental design simulated sleep restriction during a working week: sleep of healthy men (N = 9) was restricted to 4 h/night for five nights. The control subjects (N = 4) spent 8 h/night in bed. Leukocyte RNA expression was analyzed at baseline, after sleep restriction, and after recovery using whole genome microarrays complemented with pathway and transcription factor analysis. Expression levels of the ten most up-regulated and ten most down-regulated transcripts were correlated with subjective assessment of insufficient sleep in a population cohort (N = 472). Experimental sleep restriction altered the expression of 117 genes. Eight of the 25 most up-regulated transcripts were related to immune function. Accordingly, fifteen of the 25 most up-regulated Gene Ontology pathways were also related to immune function, including those for B cell activation, interleukin 8 production, and NF-κB signaling (P<0.005). Of the ten most up-regulated genes, expression of STX16 correlated negatively with self-reported insufficient sleep in a population sample, while three other genes showed tendency for positive correlation. Of the ten most down-regulated genes, TBX21 and LGR6 correlated negatively and TGFBR3 positively with insufficient sleep. Partial sleep restriction affects the regulation of signaling pathways related to the immune system. Some of these changes appear to be long-lasting and may at least partly explain how prolonged sleep restriction can contribute to inflammation-associated pathological states, such as cardiometabolic diseases.", "link"=>"http://www.mendeley.com/research/partial-sleep-restriction-activates-immune-responserelated-gene-expression-pathways-experimental-epi", "reader_count"=>45, "reader_count_by_academic_status"=>{"Professor > Associate Professor"=>1, "Librarian"=>1, "Researcher"=>11, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>1, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>12, "Student > Postgraduate"=>2, "Student > Master"=>1, "Other"=>5, "Student > Bachelor"=>9, "Lecturer > Senior Lecturer"=>1, "Professor"=>1}, "reader_count_by_user_role"=>{"Professor > Associate Professor"=>1, "Librarian"=>1, "Researcher"=>11, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>1, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>12, "Student > Postgraduate"=>2, "Student > Master"=>1, "Other"=>5, "Student > Bachelor"=>9, "Lecturer > Senior Lecturer"=>1, "Professor"=>1}, "reader_count_by_subject_area"=>{"Unspecified"=>5, "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>1, "Materials Science"=>1, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>12, "Medicine and Dentistry"=>13, "Neuroscience"=>3, "Sports and Recreations"=>2, "Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science"=>2, "Psychology"=>4, "Social Sciences"=>1, "Immunology and Microbiology"=>1}, "reader_count_by_subdiscipline"=>{"Materials Science"=>{"Materials Science"=>1}, "Medicine and Dentistry"=>{"Medicine and Dentistry"=>13}, "Neuroscience"=>{"Neuroscience"=>3}, "Social Sciences"=>{"Social Sciences"=>1}, "Sports and Recreations"=>{"Sports and Recreations"=>2}, "Psychology"=>{"Psychology"=>4}, "Immunology and Microbiology"=>{"Immunology and Microbiology"=>1}, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>{"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>12}, "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>{"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>1}, "Unspecified"=>{"Unspecified"=>5}, "Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science"=>{"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science"=>2}}, "reader_count_by_country"=>{"Republic of Singapore"=>1, "Sweden"=>1, "United States"=>3, "Japan"=>1, "Finland"=>1, "Portugal"=>1, "India"=>1}, "group_count"=>4}

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• http://doi.org/10.1111/apha.13017
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2016.12.027
• http://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2016.1184300
• http://doi.org/10.1038/srep24828
• http://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-016-3717-z
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2015.06.016
• http://doi.org/10.5665/sleep.5334
• http://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-018-4664-3
• http://doi.org/10.5888/pcd11.140383
• http://doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2017.00250
• http://doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2014.958573
• http://doi.org/10.1097/01.NAJ.0000463025.42388.10
• http://doi.org/10.1159/000452236
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijporl.2015.06.026
• http://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20160897
• http://doi.org/10.1007/s41105-017-0122-x
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2015.02.535
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2016.06.017
• http://doi.org/10.1111/jsr.12421
• http://doi.org/10.1113/EP087469
• http://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00010.2018
• http://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsw019
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.coph.2014.01.002
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2019.104915
• http://doi.org/10.1097/ACI.0000000000000414
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2016.04.039

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• {"url"=>"http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.plos.org%2Fplosone%2Farticle%3Fid%3D10.1371%252Fjournal.pone.0077184", "share_count"=>4, "like_count"=>6, "comment_count"=>0, "click_count"=>0, "total_count"=>10}

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• {"type"=>"COMMENT", "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/annotation/b7105f3b-114e-4f6f-8024-9b19e3e4e7bd", "title"=>"Fundamental statistical problems with this paper", "body"=>"How did this pass any kind of statistical review?\n\nIn particular, I see no evidence that the paired data (repeated measures on the same subjects) were correctly analysed as paired - the anova involved the controls but appears to NOT have included a subject id term, thus falsely increasing the DOF in the denominator of the variances leading to bias away from the null. \n\nA beginner's mistake? Well, ok but there's no evidence of any kind of family wise error rate correction - p values are provided but apparently free from (eg) false discovery rate control. How on earth did this happen in 2013?\n\nInterestingly, a correct (paired) analysis of the baseline-recovery case data using limma finds about 70 significant genes after controlling FDR at 0.05.", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2014-09-06T03:06:56Z", "lastModified"=>"2014-09-06T03:06:56Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"310535"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>false}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0077184", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSONE"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSONE", "eIssn"=>"1932-6203", "title"=>"PLOS ONE"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>1, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2014-11-25T16:28:08Z", "replies"=>[{"type"=>"REPLY", "parentID"=>81717, "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/reply/671334e5-ea41-442f-a867-4c7abca317d3", "title"=>"Authors' response to comment by fubar", "body"=>"We thank the reader for the comment. Naturally, the analysis was performed paired as there were repeated measures from the same individuals. As we state in the paper, we have used 2-way repeated measures ANOVA with one between subjects (BS) and one within subjects (WS) factor. In this model, the trait (gene’s expression) is modelled by the group (i.e. case or control; BS), the three timepoints (baseline, sleep restriction, recovery; WS), and their interaction. The model does include the subject IDs for pairing the samples taken from the same individuals at different timepoints.\nWe hope this comment clarified the analysis for the reader.\n\nWe are aware that for the individual gene results, the multiple testing correction was not made for the data in the experimental research entity (with N=14), and we state this very clearly in the manuscript. The interpretation of the main results is not based on the results from the individual genes, but from the results of the pathway analysis with permuted p-values. We believe that the additional information on the individual genes, although not significant, can provide the researchers working on the same problems useful information and food for thought. The individual gene results from the epidemiological sample (N=472) were corrected for multiple testing.\n\nThe baseline-recovery analysis performed by the reader sounds most interesting – we would be happy to learn more about the details of the analysis (contact: vilma.aho@helsinki.fi, tarja.stenberg@helsinki.fi).\n", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2014-11-25T16:28:08Z", "lastModified"=>"2014-11-25T16:28:08Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"477680"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>false}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0077184", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSONE"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSONE", "eIssn"=>"1932-6203", "title"=>"PLOS ONE"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>0, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2014-11-25T16:28:08Z", "replies"=>[]}]}

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• {"id"=>"393210224082825216", "text"=>"1日4時間睡眠を続けると、免疫機能に関わる転写物が増加。Partial Sleep Restriction Activates Immune Response-Related Gene Expression Pathways: http://t.co/QTV22hFqYI", "created_at"=>"2013-10-24T02:59:57Z", "user"=>"uranus_2", "user_name"=>"マーキュリー２世", "user_profile_image"=>"http://abs.twimg.com/sticky/default_profile_images/default_profile_5_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"437869275093954560", "text"=>"I found this abstract as well on the same page. \n\nhttp://t.co/yUvpx34sHi\n\nThank you @khulood_kuhail :)", "created_at"=>"2014-02-24T08:39:05Z", "user"=>"NWF4", "user_name"=>"نواف حسين", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/378800000822515039/677ff8f587dc75ebe6aabfa09fc5b25d_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"454004409408565248", "text"=>"#PLOSONE: Partial Sleep Restriction Activates Immune Resp-Related Gene Expression Pathways: Experimental &amp; Epidem... http://t.co/f78qXg0v3Y", "created_at"=>"2014-04-09T21:14:20Z", "user"=>"doctorBrown_org", "user_name"=>"Eric Brown", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1361197219/type-0001-fun_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"805872181875974144", "text"=>"@dr_hansa @WebMD @Lizzyfit @ArefaMD @DrRobertGlatter @Medscape @FOX5MedicalTeam why sleep is important https://t.co/LEcRpGRqrs", "created_at"=>"2016-12-05T20:31:15Z", "user"=>"NutriCollins", "user_name"=>"Geoff Collins", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/805163339282321408/-K5GGHsU_normal.jpg"}

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Figshare

• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1255790"], "description"=>"<p>The flow of statistical analysis and the amount of entities (genes/transcripts) after each step are illustrated. a) The 15101 entities that passed the filtering by flags and reannotation included 1292 up-regulated (red) and 1039 down-regulated (green) transcripts with at least 1.2-fold change from baseline (BL) to sleep restriction (SR) in sleep-restricted subjects ( = cases). * The pathway analysis was run for these genes. b) The 2331 entities were analyzed with 2-way ANOVA using the case/control status and the three timepoints as analysis axes. Changes with ANOVA interaction <i>P</i> value <0.05 were observed in 227 up-regulated and 83 down-regulated transcripts. c) Altogether 310 entities were further analyzed with 1-way repeated measures ANOVA considering the three timepoints. The 43 entities showing changes also in the control group were excluded from the analysis. The 133 genes with 1-way ANOVA <i>P</i> value <0.05 for the cases but not for the controls were then analyzed using a <i>t</i> test between the timepoints BL and SR. 62 genes were up-regulated and 55 down-regulated (P<0.05).</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>[], "article_id"=>830797, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences"], "users"=>["Vilma Aho", "Hanna M. Ollila", "Ville Rantanen", "Erkki Kronholm", "Ida Surakka", "Wessel M. A. van Leeuwen", "Maili Lehto", "Sampsa Matikainen", "Samuli Ripatti", "Mikko Härmä", "Mikael Sallinen", "Veikko Salomaa", "Matti Jauhiainen", "Harri Alenius", "Tiina Paunio", "Tarja Porkka-Heiskanen"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0077184.g001", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>4, "page_views"=>12, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Analysis_strategy_/830797", "title"=>"Analysis strategy.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2013-10-23 03:02:43"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1255798", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1255799", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1255800", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1255801", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1255802", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1255803"], "description"=>"<div><p>Epidemiological studies have shown that short or insufficient sleep is associated with increased risk for metabolic diseases and mortality. To elucidate mechanisms behind this connection, we aimed to identify genes and pathways affected by experimentally induced, partial sleep restriction and to verify their connection to insufficient sleep at population level. The experimental design simulated sleep restriction during a working week: sleep of healthy men (N = 9) was restricted to 4 h/night for five nights. The control subjects (N = 4) spent 8 h/night in bed. Leukocyte RNA expression was analyzed at baseline, after sleep restriction, and after recovery using whole genome microarrays complemented with pathway and transcription factor analysis. Expression levels of the ten most up-regulated and ten most down-regulated transcripts were correlated with subjective assessment of insufficient sleep in a population cohort (N = 472). Experimental sleep restriction altered the expression of 117 genes. Eight of the 25 most up-regulated transcripts were related to immune function. Accordingly, fifteen of the 25 most up-regulated Gene Ontology pathways were also related to immune function, including those for B cell activation, interleukin 8 production, and NF-κB signaling (<i>P</i><0.005). Of the ten most up-regulated genes, expression of <i>STX16</i> correlated negatively with self-reported insufficient sleep in a population sample, while three other genes showed tendency for positive correlation. Of the ten most down-regulated genes, <i>TBX21</i> and <i>LGR6</i> correlated negatively and <i>TGFBR3</i> positively with insufficient sleep. Partial sleep restriction affects the regulation of signaling pathways related to the immune system. Some of these changes appear to be long-lasting and may at least partly explain how prolonged sleep restriction can contribute to inflammation-associated pathological states, such as cardiometabolic diseases.</p></div>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["activates", "response-related", "epidemiological", "studies"], "article_id"=>830804, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences"], "users"=>["Vilma Aho", "Hanna M. Ollila", "Ville Rantanen", "Erkki Kronholm", "Ida Surakka", "Wessel M. A. van Leeuwen", "Maili Lehto", "Sampsa Matikainen", "Samuli Ripatti", "Mikko Härmä", "Mikael Sallinen", "Veikko Salomaa", "Matti Jauhiainen", "Harri Alenius", "Tiina Paunio", "Tarja Porkka-Heiskanen"], "doi"=>["https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0077184.s001", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0077184.s002", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0077184.s003", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0077184.s004", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0077184.s005", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0077184.s006"], "stats"=>{"downloads"=>22, "page_views"=>13, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Partial_Sleep_Restriction_Activates_Immune_Response_Related_Gene_Expression_Pathways_Experimental_and_Epidemiological_Studies_in_Humans_/830804", "title"=>"Partial Sleep Restriction Activates Immune Response-Related Gene Expression Pathways: Experimental and Epidemiological Studies in Humans", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>4, "published_date"=>"2013-10-23 03:02:43"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1255792"], "description"=>"<p>Arrows (↑) illustrate activating and blunt ended lines (T) inhibiting effects. Red  =  increased after SR, green  =  decreased after SR, grey  =  no change observed. IFNγ  =  interferon γ, IL  =  interleukin, STAT1, TBX21 and SOCS3  =  transcription factors, Ig  =  immunoglobulins. (The factors involved in T helper (Th) cell differentiation modified after <a href=\"http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0077184#pone.0077184-Robinson1\" target=\"_blank\">[30]</a>). We propose that cumulative SR via the activation of B cell-mediated humoral immunity by Th2 cells may lead to increased risk for development or exacerbation of asthmatic symptoms. We also suggest that SR may participate in the development of atherosclerosis through increased cholesterol intake into macrophages. On the other hand, the reduction in the NK cell type immune response may be a mode to protect the self from destruction by apoptosis and/or might contribute to the attenuated immune response towards pathogens.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["activation", "lymphocyte", "leukocyte", "populations", "cumulative"], "article_id"=>830799, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences"], "users"=>["Vilma Aho", "Hanna M. Ollila", "Ville Rantanen", "Erkki Kronholm", "Ida Surakka", "Wessel M. A. van Leeuwen", "Maili Lehto", "Sampsa Matikainen", "Samuli Ripatti", "Mikko Härmä", "Mikael Sallinen", "Veikko Salomaa", "Matti Jauhiainen", "Harri Alenius", "Tiina Paunio", "Tarja Porkka-Heiskanen"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0077184.g003", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>1, "page_views"=>9, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Differentiation_and_activation_of_lymphocyte_and_other_leukocyte_populations_in_cumulative_sleep_restriction_SR_/830799", "title"=>"Differentiation and activation of lymphocyte and other leukocyte populations in cumulative sleep restriction (SR).", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2013-10-23 03:02:43"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1255793"], "description"=>"<p>The expression changes of the 25 most up-regulated genes/transcripts after experimental sleep restriction period (SR) compared to baseline values (BL). Pointwise <i>P</i> values and fold changes (SR expression/BL expression) between these two timepoints are shown for each transcript.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["genes", "cumulative"], "article_id"=>830800, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences"], "users"=>["Vilma Aho", "Hanna M. Ollila", "Ville Rantanen", "Erkki Kronholm", "Ida Surakka", "Wessel M. A. van Leeuwen", "Maili Lehto", "Sampsa Matikainen", "Samuli Ripatti", "Mikko Härmä", "Mikael Sallinen", "Veikko Salomaa", "Matti Jauhiainen", "Harri Alenius", "Tiina Paunio", "Tarja Porkka-Heiskanen"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0077184.t001", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>9, "page_views"=>24, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Up_regulated_genes_after_cumulative_sleep_restriction_/830800", "title"=>"Up-regulated genes after cumulative sleep restriction.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>3, "published_date"=>"2013-10-23 03:02:43"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1255791"], "description"=>"<p>The 310 entities (genes/transcripts) with interaction <i>P</i> value (<i>P</i><0.05) in 2-way ANOVA, sorted by average fold change from baseline (BL) to sleep restriction (SR) (with the up-regulated (red) on top, followed by the down-regulated (green). Each lane represents one individual (sleep deprived subjects, N = 9; controls, N = 4), and colour codes represent the fold change from BL to SR (BL  = 1).</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>[], "article_id"=>830798, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences"], "users"=>["Vilma Aho", "Hanna M. Ollila", "Ville Rantanen", "Erkki Kronholm", "Ida Surakka", "Wessel M. A. van Leeuwen", "Maili Lehto", "Sampsa Matikainen", "Samuli Ripatti", "Mikko Härmä", "Mikael Sallinen", "Veikko Salomaa", "Matti Jauhiainen", "Harri Alenius", "Tiina Paunio", "Tarja Porkka-Heiskanen"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0077184.g002", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>2, "page_views"=>14, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Expression_changes_after_partial_sleep_restriction_/830798", "title"=>"Expression changes after partial sleep restriction.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2013-10-23 03:02:43"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1255797"], "description"=>"<p>The expression changes of the 25 most down-regulated genes/transcripts after experimental sleep restriction period (SR) compared to baseline values (BL). Pointwise <i>P</i> values and fold changes (SR expression / BL expression) between these two timepoints are shown for each transcript.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["genes"], "article_id"=>830803, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences"], "users"=>["Vilma Aho", "Hanna M. Ollila", "Ville Rantanen", "Erkki Kronholm", "Ida Surakka", "Wessel M. A. van Leeuwen", "Maili Lehto", "Sampsa Matikainen", "Samuli Ripatti", "Mikko Härmä", "Mikael Sallinen", "Veikko Salomaa", "Matti Jauhiainen", "Harri Alenius", "Tiina Paunio", "Tarja Porkka-Heiskanen"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0077184.t002", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>1, "page_views"=>15, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Down_regulated_genes_after_experimental_sleep_restriction_/830803", "title"=>"Down-regulated genes after experimental sleep restriction.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>3, "published_date"=>"2013-10-23 03:02:43"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1255796"], "description"=>"<p>The top 25 Gene Ontology pathways (biological processes) that were significantly enriched (<i>P</i><0.01 after permutation) among the transcripts up-regulated after sleep restriction. <i>Total genes</i> represents the number of genes that are annotated to the pathway. <i>Top genes</i> represents the number of genes that were found in the study setting and contributed to the significance of the pathway.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["ontology", "pathways", "up-regulated"], "article_id"=>830802, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences"], "users"=>["Vilma Aho", "Hanna M. Ollila", "Ville Rantanen", "Erkki Kronholm", "Ida Surakka", "Wessel M. A. van Leeuwen", "Maili Lehto", "Sampsa Matikainen", "Samuli Ripatti", "Mikko Härmä", "Mikael Sallinen", "Veikko Salomaa", "Matti Jauhiainen", "Harri Alenius", "Tiina Paunio", "Tarja Porkka-Heiskanen"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0077184.t003", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>5, "page_views"=>8, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Gene_Ontology_pathways_up_regulated_after_sleep_restriction_/830802", "title"=>"Gene Ontology pathways up-regulated after sleep restriction.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>3, "published_date"=>"2013-10-23 03:02:43"}

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Relative Metric

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F1000Prime