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{"title"=>"Gorilla mothers also matter! New insights on social transmission in gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) in captivity", "type"=>"journal", "authors"=>[{"first_name"=>"Eva Maria", "last_name"=>"Luef", "scopus_author_id"=>"55228752200"}, {"first_name"=>"Simone", "last_name"=>"Pika", "scopus_author_id"=>"6602434028"}], "year"=>2013, "source"=>"PLoS ONE", "identifiers"=>{"pui"=>"372438353", "sgr"=>"84896711139", "pmid"=>"24312184", "scopus"=>"2-s2.0-84896711139", "doi"=>"10.1371/journal.pone.0079600", "issn"=>"19326203"}, "id"=>"aba0514d-098a-3e88-83b5-bda09373586a", "abstract"=>"The present paper describes two distinct behaviors relating to food processing and communication that were observed in a community of five separately housed groups of lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) in captivity during two study periods one decade apart: (1) a food processing technique to separate wheat from chaff, the so-called puff-blowing technique; and (2) a male display used to attract the attention of visitors, the so-called throw-kiss-display. We investigated (a) whether the behaviors were transmitted within the respective groups; and if yes, (b) their possible mode of transmission. Our results showed that only the food processing technique spread from three to twenty-one individuals during the ten-year period, whereas the communicative display died out completely. The main transmission mode of the puff-blowing technique was the mother-offspring dyad: offspring of puff-blowing mothers showed the behavior, while the offspring of non- puff-blowing mothers did not. These results strongly support the role mothers play in the acquisition of novel skills and vertical social transmission. Furthermore, they suggest that behaviors, which provide a direct benefit to individuals, have a high chance of social transmission while the loss of benefits can result in the extinction of behaviors.", "link"=>"http://www.mendeley.com/research/gorilla-mothers-also-matter-new-insights-social-transmission-gorillas-gorilla-gorilla-gorilla-captiv-2", "reader_count"=>37, "reader_count_by_academic_status"=>{"Unspecified"=>1, "Professor > Associate Professor"=>1, "Researcher"=>9, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>3, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>7, "Student > Postgraduate"=>1, "Student > Master"=>5, "Other"=>2, "Student > Bachelor"=>7, "Professor"=>1}, "reader_count_by_user_role"=>{"Unspecified"=>1, "Professor > Associate Professor"=>1, "Researcher"=>9, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>3, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>7, "Student > Postgraduate"=>1, "Student > Master"=>5, "Other"=>2, "Student > Bachelor"=>7, "Professor"=>1}, "reader_count_by_subject_area"=>{"Unspecified"=>2, "Environmental Science"=>1, "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>1, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>20, "Neuroscience"=>1, "Arts and Humanities"=>1, "Physics and Astronomy"=>1, "Psychology"=>7, "Chemistry"=>1, "Social Sciences"=>1, "Computer Science"=>1}, "reader_count_by_subdiscipline"=>{"Neuroscience"=>{"Neuroscience"=>1}, "Chemistry"=>{"Chemistry"=>1}, "Social Sciences"=>{"Social Sciences"=>1}, "Physics and Astronomy"=>{"Physics and Astronomy"=>1}, "Psychology"=>{"Psychology"=>7}, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>{"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>20}, "Computer Science"=>{"Computer Science"=>1}, "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>{"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>1}, "Unspecified"=>{"Unspecified"=>2}, "Environmental Science"=>{"Environmental Science"=>1}, "Arts and Humanities"=>{"Arts and Humanities"=>1}}, "reader_count_by_country"=>{"Canada"=>1, "Sweden"=>1, "Hungary"=>1, "Brazil"=>1, "United Kingdom"=>2, "Germany"=>1}, "group_count"=>1}

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• {"id"=>"405825122373607424", "text"=>"Gorilla Mothers Also Matter! New Insights on Social Transmission in Gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) in Captivity http://t.co/urAF8TFO6C", "created_at"=>"2013-11-27T22:27:03Z", "user"=>"PLOSONE", "user_name"=>"PLOS ONE", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/2429958559/mzjl6as5u2m09r2erof6_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"405877719088377856", "text"=>"PLOS ONE: Gorilla Mothers Also Matter! New Insights on Social Transmission in Gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) http://t.co/sfbHrJHQpP", "created_at"=>"2013-11-28T01:56:03Z", "user"=>"Mollymew1", "user_name"=>"Pat Murtagh", "user_profile_image"=>"http://abs.twimg.com/sticky/default_profile_images/default_profile_4_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"406139433017028609", "text"=>"Gorilla Mothers Also Matter! New Insights on Social Transmission in Gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) in Captivity http://t.co/EtPR9AqLoX", "created_at"=>"2013-11-28T19:16:01Z", "user"=>"MeghanNeaton", "user_name"=>"Meghan Neaton", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/378800000181732526/c946594570cbee75507bfa544e056cf6_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"406888803719081984", "text"=>"(Gorilla) Mothers matter for novel skills in #culturalevolution \nhttp://t.co/bc57vpMfjT", "created_at"=>"2013-11-30T20:53:45Z", "user"=>"GerhardLauer", "user_name"=>"Gerhard Lauer", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1609730246/_ZYX8314_PopArt_7_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"407295375372845056", "text"=>"Mother-infant social transmission in gorilla food processing techniques http://t.co/kOOlBHJ6MK @plosone #gorilla #culture #tradition", "created_at"=>"2013-12-01T23:49:19Z", "user"=>"Lydia_Hopper", "user_name"=>"Lydia Hopper", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/378800000754477732/c11b420af575ed3a9eb64578cdd55481_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"408054007488188416", "text"=>"On what gorilla mommas teach their babies: http://t.co/JFBclVsGg5 (@PLOSONE)", "created_at"=>"2013-12-04T02:03:51Z", "user"=>"CCoturnix", "user_name"=>"Cisco Codorniz", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/378800000784332302/2ee239c66f7ff63c846bc180b05a0d0d_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"410654004776300544", "text"=>"Mama knows best.\n\nVertical transmission of behaviour in captive gorillas.\n\nhttp://t.co/oMAtyF5xMp", "created_at"=>"2013-12-11T06:15:18Z", "user"=>"ApesInc", "user_name"=>"Peter D. Walsh", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/3160216003/2c204f0aa8564865dede6cefb1cceaa9_normal.jpeg"}

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• {"title"=>"File:Gorilla-Mothers-Also-Matter-New-Insights-on-Social-Transmission-in-Gorillas-(Gorilla-gorilla-pone.0079600.s002.ogv", "url"=>"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gorilla-Mothers-Also-Matter-New-Insights-on-Social-Transmission-in-Gorillas-(Gorilla-gorilla-pone.0079600.s002.ogv", "timestamp"=>"2018-06-13T01:14:22Z"}
• {"title"=>"File:Gorilla-Mothers-Also-Matter-New-Insights-on-Social-Transmission-in-Gorillas-(Gorilla-gorilla-pone.0079600.s001.ogv", "url"=>"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gorilla-Mothers-Also-Matter-New-Insights-on-Social-Transmission-in-Gorillas-(Gorilla-gorilla-pone.0079600.s001.ogv", "timestamp"=>"2018-06-13T01:14:22Z"}

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• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1296381"], "description"=>"<p>Observed animals [sex (F = female, M = male); age in years or months (mo)] during the study period in 2010. Animals showing the throw-kiss-display are marked in capital letters; animals showing puff-blowing are marked in bold; the animal in parentheses was not observed in this study. Female Sounda is indicated to have died before the second observation period (†). Offspring are indicated underlined and in italics below their mothers. Groups 1 to 3 are the same groups as in 2000; group 5 is a new family group. Visual access was not given between the enclosures.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["animals"], "article_id"=>863021, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences", "Science Policy"], "users"=>["Eva Maria Luef", "Simone Pika"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0079600.t002", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>3, "page_views"=>14, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Observed_animals_during_the_study_period_in_2010_/863021", "title"=>"Observed animals during the study period in 2010.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>3, "published_date"=>"2013-11-27 02:44:14"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1296382"], "description"=>"<p>Observed animals [sex (F = female, M = male); age in years or months (mo)] during the study period in 2000. Animals showing the throw-kiss-display are marked in capital letters; animals showing puff-blowing are marked in bold. Offspring are indicated in italics and underlined below their mothers. Visual access was not given between the enclosures.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["animals"], "article_id"=>863022, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences", "Science Policy"], "users"=>["Eva Maria Luef", "Simone Pika"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0079600.t001", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>1, "page_views"=>9, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Observed_animals_during_the_study_period_2000_/863022", "title"=>"Observed animals during the study period 2000.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>3, "published_date"=>"2013-11-27 02:44:14"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1296379"], "description"=>"<p>Shows the puff-blowing technique in detail, which consists of several subroutines.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>[], "article_id"=>863019, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences", "Science Policy"], "users"=>["Eva Maria Luef", "Simone Pika"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0079600.g001", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>10, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Details_of_the_puff_blowing_technique_/863019", "title"=>"Details of the puff-blowing technique.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2013-11-27 02:44:14"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1296421", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1296422"], "description"=>"<div><p>The present paper describes two distinct behaviors relating to food processing and communication that were observed in a community of five separately housed groups of lowland gorillas (<i>Gorilla gorilla gorilla</i>) in captivity during two study periods one decade apart: (1) a food processing technique to separate wheat from chaff, the so-called puff-blowing technique; and (2) a male display used to attract the attention of visitors, the so-called throw-kiss-display. We investigated (a) whether the behaviors were transmitted within the respective groups; and if yes, (b) their possible mode of transmission. Our results showed that only the food processing technique spread from three to twenty-one individuals during the ten-year period, whereas the communicative display died out completely. The main transmission mode of the puff-blowing technique was the mother-offspring dyad: offspring of puff-blowing mothers showed the behavior, while the offspring of non- puff-blowing mothers did not. These results strongly support the role mothers play in the acquisition of novel skills and vertical social transmission. Furthermore, they suggest that behaviors, which provide a direct benefit to individuals, have a high chance of social transmission while the loss of benefits can result in the extinction of behaviors.</p></div>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["gorilla", "mothers", "insights", "gorillas", "captivity"], "article_id"=>863060, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences", "Science Policy"], "users"=>["Eva Maria Luef", "Simone Pika"], "doi"=>["https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0079600.s001", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0079600.s002"], "stats"=>{"downloads"=>1, "page_views"=>18, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/Gorilla_Mothers_Also_Matter_New_Insights_on_Social_Transmission_in_Gorillas_Gorilla_gorilla_gorilla_in_Captivity/863060", "title"=>"Gorilla Mothers Also Matter! New Insights on Social Transmission in Gorillas (<i>Gorilla gorilla gorilla</i>) in Captivity", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>4, "published_date"=>"2013-11-27 02:44:14"}

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Relative Metric

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F1000Prime