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{"title"=>"Vanishing clams on an Iberian beach: Local consequences and global implications of accelerating loss of shells to tourism", "type"=>"journal", "authors"=>[{"first_name"=>"Michał", "last_name"=>"Kowalewski", "scopus_author_id"=>"35614855500"}, {"first_name"=>"Rosa", "last_name"=>"Domènech", "scopus_author_id"=>"7006871694"}, {"first_name"=>"Jordi", "last_name"=>"Martinell", "scopus_author_id"=>"7006516619"}], "year"=>2014, "source"=>"PLoS ONE", "identifiers"=>{"sgr"=>"84897447460", "doi"=>"10.1371/journal.pone.0083615", "pui"=>"372732222", "pmid"=>"24421895", "scopus"=>"2-s2.0-84897447460", "issn"=>"19326203", "isbn"=>"1932-6203 (Electronic)\\r1932-6203 (Linking)"}, "id"=>"de749ef3-8f69-3587-883f-dcd14e939209", "abstract"=>"Multi-decadal increase in shell removal by tourists, a process that may accelerate degradation of natural habitats, was quantified via two series of monthly surveys, conducted thirty years apart (1978-1981 and 2008-2010) in one small embayment on the Mediterranean coast of the Iberian Peninsula. Over the last three decades, the local tourist arrivals have increased almost three-fold (2.74), while the area has remained unaffected by urban encroachment and commercial fisheries. During the same time interval the abundance of mollusk shells along the shoreline decreased by a comparable factor (2.62) and was significantly and negatively correlated with tourist arrivals (r = -0.52). The strength of the correlation increased when data were restricted to months with high tourist arrivals (r = -0.72). In contrast, the maximum monthly wave energy (an indirect proxy for changes in rate of onshore shell transport) was not significantly correlated with shell abundance (r = 0.10). Similarly, rank dominance of common species, drilling predation intensity, and body size-frequency distribution patterns have all remained stable over recent decades. A four-fold increase in global tourist arrivals over the last 30 years may have induced a comparable worldwide acceleration in shell removal from marine shorelines, resulting in multiple, currently unquantifiable, habitat changes such as increased beach erosion, changes in calcium carbonate recycling, and declines in diversity and abundance of organisms, which are dependent on shell availability.", "link"=>"http://www.mendeley.com/research/vanishing-clams-iberian-beach-local-consequences-global-implications-accelerating-loss-shells-touris", "reader_count"=>32, "reader_count_by_academic_status"=>{"Professor > Associate Professor"=>3, "Researcher"=>5, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>8, "Student > Postgraduate"=>1, "Student > Master"=>6, "Other"=>3, "Student > Bachelor"=>3, "Lecturer > Senior Lecturer"=>2, "Professor"=>1}, "reader_count_by_user_role"=>{"Professor > Associate Professor"=>3, "Researcher"=>5, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>8, "Student > Postgraduate"=>1, "Student > Master"=>6, "Other"=>3, "Student > Bachelor"=>3, "Lecturer > Senior Lecturer"=>2, "Professor"=>1}, "reader_count_by_subject_area"=>{"Environmental Science"=>6, "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>1, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>16, "Medicine and Dentistry"=>1, "Business, Management and Accounting"=>1, "Physics and Astronomy"=>1, "Social Sciences"=>1, "Earth and Planetary Sciences"=>4, "Economics, Econometrics and Finance"=>1}, "reader_count_by_subdiscipline"=>{"Medicine and Dentistry"=>{"Medicine and Dentistry"=>1}, "Social Sciences"=>{"Social Sciences"=>1}, "Physics and Astronomy"=>{"Physics and Astronomy"=>1}, "Earth and Planetary Sciences"=>{"Earth and Planetary Sciences"=>4}, "Economics, Econometrics and Finance"=>{"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"=>1}, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>{"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>16}, "Business, Management and Accounting"=>{"Business, Management and Accounting"=>1}, "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>{"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>1}, "Environmental Science"=>{"Environmental Science"=>6}}, "reader_count_by_country"=>{"Brazil"=>2, "Australia"=>1, "Germany"=>1}, "group_count"=>3}

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• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2015.12.014
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2018.06.004
• http://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-016-2746-2
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2018.10.005
• http://doi.org/10.1017/pab.2014.9
• http://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.3402
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2020.105285
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.05.049

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• {"type"=>"COMMENT", "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/annotation/4829559b-f457-4d72-b790-2f4b573cc57c", "title"=>"press coverage", "body"=>"Our study has received press coverage:\nhttp://news.discovery.com/earth/oceans/seashell-collection-calamity-for-coastal-creatures-140108.htm\nhttp://www.enn.com/wildlife/article/46881\nhttp://www.isciencetimes.com/articles/6643/20140108/shell-removal-destroying-habitats-globally-seashell-collectors.htm\nhttp://conservationmagazine.org/2014/01/environmental-cost-collecting-seashells/\n\n", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2014-01-10T12:41:22Z", "lastModified"=>"2014-01-10T12:41:22Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"396181"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>true, "body"=>"Author"}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0083615", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSONE"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSONE", "eIssn"=>"1932-6203", "title"=>"PLOS ONE"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>0, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2014-01-10T12:41:22Z", "replies"=>[]}
• {"type"=>"COMMENT", "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/annotation/13f9bf13-c259-4a38-95f3-5c28c3b64b57", "title"=>"A caveat about press coverage", "body"=>"Please note that the role of shell collecting is exaggerated in the press coverage, including news reports with titles implying that our paper documents shell loss due to shell collecting. This is not correct. Our paper explores links between tourism-related activities and decline in shell abundance. These tourism-related processes include also use of recreational vehicles, beach grooming (often with heavy machinery), boat landing, trampling, and so on. At this point we lack robust estimates of relative importance played by different tourism-related processes that may be contributing to shell removal or destruction. This is discussed in detail in the section “Active collecting versus other shell removal processes” (see p. 7 of the paper).", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2014-01-15T02:07:06Z", "lastModified"=>"2014-01-15T02:07:06Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"396181"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>true, "body"=>"Author"}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0083615", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSONE"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSONE", "eIssn"=>"1932-6203", "title"=>"PLOS ONE"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>0, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2014-01-15T02:07:06Z", "replies"=>[]}

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• {"id"=>"421291845172609024", "text"=>"Study asks whether tourists are taking too many seashells from Spain beach: http://t.co/ZMJHtL9CFV", "created_at"=>"2014-01-09T14:46:17Z", "user"=>"AP_Travel", "user_name"=>"AP Travel", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1848291318/APLogo_Twitter_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"421291890101608448", "text"=>"RT @AP_Travel: Study asks whether tourists are taking too many seashells from Spain beach: http://t.co/uVuxc9TsmO", "created_at"=>"2014-01-09T14:46:28Z", "user"=>"TravelSweeps", "user_name"=>"Barbara Benham", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/378800000824871354/1c8a061d5ec58d2ff1a77a522d17f1e1_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"421291943856177152", "text"=>"RT @AP_Travel: Study asks whether tourists are taking too many seashells from Spain beach: http://t.co/ZMJHtL9CFV", "created_at"=>"2014-01-09T14:46:41Z", "user"=>"MrMsHoliday", "user_name"=>"Mr. & Ms. Holiday", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/3564246007/f26a70699499e742c8f8d66e7fbb7bea_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"421307015433289728", "text"=>"RT @AP_Travel: Study asks whether tourists are taking too many seashells from Spain beach: http://t.co/ZMJHtL9CFV", "created_at"=>"2014-01-09T15:46:34Z", "user"=>"SuzetteLaboy", "user_name"=>"Suzette Laboy", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/3144540956/05952c01e021da4156549a562868b5de_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"421326524554309632", "text"=>"Those souvenir seashells may be harming the #ocean. http://t.co/pNIzVIqgKV", "created_at"=>"2014-01-09T17:04:05Z", "user"=>"MelissaGaskill", "user_name"=>"Melissa Gaskill", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/378800000470489767/aef5fd90f002d9b3facdbca32b560be4_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"421483850489794560", "text"=>"RT @AP_Travel: Study asks whether tourists are taking too many seashells from Spain beach: http://t.co/ZMJHtL9CFV", "created_at"=>"2014-01-10T03:29:15Z", "user"=>"yurikageyama", "user_name"=>"Yuri Kageyama", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/378800000584976116/8723a25585c533340316975fa28aee73_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"421740134829424640", "text"=>"Local Consequences and Global Implications of Accelerating Loss of Shells to Tourism http://t.co/ASbjt9snd4", "created_at"=>"2014-01-10T20:27:38Z", "user"=>"sfoodsupply", "user_name"=>"S Food Supply", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/378800000558853109/b0539827485fe479b6d00c52339fe427_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"422442933833703424", "text"=>"'...Local Consequences and Global Implications of Accelerating Loss of Shells to Tourism' @PLOSONE #Tourism http://t.co/Xm5ooOUYZ7", "created_at"=>"2014-01-12T19:00:18Z", "user"=>"ZBelaustegui", "user_name"=>"ZBelaustegui", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/378800000501807968/25380a228a483e4da04d759883dfddea_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"422878028121640960", "text"=>"taking shells from the beach matters some places: \"Log-log bivariate plots of tourist arrivals and shell abundance\" http://t.co/ZE9STe8DiT", "created_at"=>"2014-01-13T23:49:13Z", "user"=>"IainMcKechnie", "user_name"=>"Iain McKechnie", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/2281096799/5d951203-e3e3-4bf3-b685-5e48d1c31db5_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"423123513130491904", "text"=>"Vanishing Clams on an Iberian Beach: Local Consequences and Global Implications of Accelerating Loss of... http://t.co/zYUM9Hgtlb #plosone", "created_at"=>"2014-01-14T16:04:41Z", "user"=>"galirema", "user_name"=>"N. Fernandez", "user_profile_image"=>"http://abs.twimg.com/sticky/default_profile_images/default_profile_5_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"428912873092284417", "text"=>"Las conchas en las playas mediterráneas han disminuido un 60% en 30 años http://t.co/HliXMqDSPR y paper en @PLOSONE http://t.co/LEPFUT7lOL", "created_at"=>"2014-01-30T15:29:32Z", "user"=>"ieo_baleares", "user_name"=>"IEO Baleares", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/2926767576/fa31072abe614d8a84532374acc80e84_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"428913557846384640", "text"=>"RT @ieo_baleares: Las conchas en las playas mediterráneas han disminuido un 60% en 30 años http://t.co/HliXMqDSPR y paper en @PLOSONE http:…", "created_at"=>"2014-01-30T15:32:15Z", "user"=>"menudolio", "user_name"=>"Mediterratlántica", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/2669223756/05364e8730275d12afdd945dc3a65fd5_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"428915349195870208", "text"=>"RT @ieo_baleares: Las conchas en las playas mediterráneas han disminuido un 60% en 30 años http://t.co/HliXMqDSPR y paper en @PLOSONE http:…", "created_at"=>"2014-01-30T15:39:22Z", "user"=>"igualjm", "user_name"=>"manolo igual", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/378800000562412302/75244d2a93558660a352b19c274ce7e6_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"429310597943918592", "text"=>"Where are the seashells? Local Consequences and Global Implications of Accelerating Loss of Shells to Tourism http://t.co/1IiQ5Q5AMj", "created_at"=>"2014-01-31T17:49:57Z", "user"=>"miguelmcminn", "user_name"=>"Miguel McMinn", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/378800000621953846/111d62618a4ae29cd7a5f41e52fda99d_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"429337227399680001", "text"=>"RT @miguelmcminn: Where are the seashells? Local Consequences and Global Implications of Accelerating Loss of Shells to Tourism http://t.c…", "created_at"=>"2014-01-31T19:35:46Z", "user"=>"D0CT0R_Dave", "user_name"=>"David M Watson", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/378800000122340039/af4fc9c96d5eb82baba8363d2911e576_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"429345658047184896", "text"=>"RT @miguelmcminn: Where are the seashells? Local Consequences and Global Implications of Accelerating Loss of Shells to Tourism http://t.c…", "created_at"=>"2014-01-31T20:09:16Z", "user"=>"MelissaPetru", "user_name"=>"Melissa Petruzzello", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/3536001070/87f9e6dfb29c509d140e322ab7fee475_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"430362781183778816", "text"=>"Turism and the environment: picking shells has global implications according to a study done in #Tarragona #Spain http://t.co/KL1acGY9Mp", "created_at"=>"2014-02-03T15:30:57Z", "user"=>"gcrgranic", "user_name"=>"GRANIC - GCR Group", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/378800000477851919/637f934850cb37977247487aca225635_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"447505273734049792", "text"=>"PLOS | ONE: Local Consequences and Global Implications of Accelerating Loss of Shells to Tourism\nhttp://t.co/STwBQsai7G", "created_at"=>"2014-03-22T22:49:06Z", "user"=>"aquilaaquila", "user_name"=>"Chris Tonkinson", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/201159941/CDT_Great_Burn_Wilderness_normal.JPG"}
• {"id"=>"468397020776894465", "text"=>"#PLOSONE:..Local Consequences and Global Implications of Accelerating Loss of Shells.. http://t.co/tRmVlRxnU1 // Leave seashells on beaches", "created_at"=>"2014-05-19T14:25:26Z", "user"=>"ecojenna", "user_name"=>"ecojenna", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/445949435319570432/fu4DtxlL_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"468398079578996736", "text"=>"RT @ecojenna: #PLOSONE:..Local Consequences and Global Implications of Accelerating Loss of Shells.. http://t.co/tRmVlRxnU1 // Leave seash…", "created_at"=>"2014-05-19T14:29:39Z", "user"=>"AngelinaVelvet1", "user_name"=>"Angelina Velvet", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/420092457221496832/XbWUij32_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"468407811131449345", "text"=>"Vanishing Clams on Iberian Beach: Local Consequences & Global Implications of Accelerating Loss of Shells to Tourism http://t.co/IzYG9lHRKK", "created_at"=>"2014-05-19T15:08:19Z", "user"=>"esargent184", "user_name"=>"Dr Elizabeth Sargent", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/468075906582724608/P4SkeQWy_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"468408905346076672", "text"=>"RT @esargent184: Vanishing Clams on Iberian Beach: Local Consequences & Global Implications of Accelerating Loss of Shells to Tourism http:…", "created_at"=>"2014-05-19T15:12:40Z", "user"=>"subsurface_life", "user_name"=>"Jen Biddle", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/431080146485796864/60YRAfaB_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"468656187261861888", "text"=>"RT @ecojenna: #PLOSONE:..Local Consequences and Global Implications of Accelerating Loss of Shells.. http://t.co/tRmVlRxnU1 // Leave seash…", "created_at"=>"2014-05-20T07:35:16Z", "user"=>"acupuncture8", "user_name"=>"GL", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/463602808/artwork_images_424612322_456672_-banksy_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"468784257167802368", "text"=>"An interesting paper from PLOS showing that seashell removal from beaches DOES affect the environment. Erosion, etc. http://t.co/nhh3BPwgtz", "created_at"=>"2014-05-20T16:04:11Z", "user"=>"echinoblog", "user_name"=>"Christopher Mah", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1114304970/me2_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"468784932094242817", "text"=>"RT @echinoblog: An interesting paper from PLOS showing that seashell removal from beaches DOES affect the environment. Erosion, etc. http:…", "created_at"=>"2014-05-20T16:06:52Z", "user"=>"CezzaLew", "user_name"=>"Ceri Lewis", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1784644775/036f3a31-1a2c-4bce-938d-90f8371cc83d_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"468784939614633984", "text"=>"RT @echinoblog: An interesting paper from PLOS showing that seashell removal from beaches DOES affect the environment. Erosion, etc. http:…", "created_at"=>"2014-05-20T16:06:53Z", "user"=>"missmolamola", "user_name"=>"MissMolaMola", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/464940133376987136/YFSaMBDd_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"468785981965877248", "text"=>"RT @echinoblog: An interesting paper from PLOS showing that seashell removal from beaches DOES affect the environment. Erosion, etc. http:…", "created_at"=>"2014-05-20T16:11:02Z", "user"=>"Ichnologist", "user_name"=>"Anthony J. Martin", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/445739386408144897/hZgEY6aD_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"468786300997599233", "text"=>"When @theonion http://t.co/133bxMPZi9 and #science converge http://t.co/8UR9EXycPO", "created_at"=>"2014-05-20T16:12:18Z", "user"=>"SteveAuscavitch", "user_name"=>"Steve Auscavitch", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1679588452/Baitball_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"468787064071520257", "text"=>"RT @echinoblog: An interesting paper from PLOS showing that seashell removal from beaches DOES affect the environment. Erosion, etc. http:…", "created_at"=>"2014-05-20T16:15:20Z", "user"=>"parillal", "user_name"=>"Lesley Parilla", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/468760896571842560/v2krj37Y_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"468788867017895936", "text"=>"RT @SteveAuscavitch: When @theonion http://t.co/133bxMPZi9 and #science converge http://t.co/8UR9EXycPO", "created_at"=>"2014-05-20T16:22:30Z", "user"=>"mattjhodgkinson", "user_name"=>"Matt Hodgkinson", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/457259255624515586/GSdlVF2S_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"468790563316449280", "text"=>"RT @SteveAuscavitch: When @theonion http://t.co/133bxMPZi9 and #science converge http://t.co/8UR9EXycPO", "created_at"=>"2014-05-20T16:29:14Z", "user"=>"ToriHerridge", "user_name"=>"Victoria Herridge", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/3694064331/b1549ac6fe51e80dcf37ab1be0934628_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"468864632963497986", "text"=>"RT @SteveAuscavitch: When @theonion http://t.co/133bxMPZi9 and #science converge http://t.co/8UR9EXycPO", "created_at"=>"2014-05-20T21:23:34Z", "user"=>"pantoumsPersist", "user_name"=>"pantoumsPersist", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1587175532/journals20110731_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"472497478189592576", "text"=>"Vanishing Clams on an Iberian Beach http://t.co/cnvYF4qZeG", "created_at"=>"2014-05-30T21:59:12Z", "user"=>"Earthwindfireb", "user_name"=>"earthwindfire", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/466705988842979328/_1Ctex_8_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"487262935056916480", "text"=>"Read an entire study when posting an article which refers to one. Leaving out important details can be misleading. http://t.co/i1oEoBEzon", "created_at"=>"2014-07-10T15:51:51Z", "user"=>"moon_at_sea", "user_name"=>"K. Rose", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/478987352962916352/DAax4KYt_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"721292317177561088", "text"=>"Leave #shells right where you found them in #nature https://t.co/a1j936ZYDf #conservation #biodiversity #tourism #ecosystemservices", "created_at"=>"2016-04-16T11:01:04Z", "user"=>"al_ineffabile", "user_name"=>"Aline Cerqueira", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/630103633858822145/iXaUvNzm_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"866842607724396544", "text"=>"https://t.co/ry2C8OrzvH", "created_at"=>"2017-05-23T02:25:57Z", "user"=>"Soyundemogorgon", "user_name"=>"Daniel Torrance", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/841011127211425792/3Qsj6HYZ_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"901789868430426112", "text"=>"@marina_vitamina https://t.co/GRbQfqDXxD :- (", "created_at"=>"2017-08-27T12:53:53Z", "user"=>"Gelatodianguria", "user_name"=>"I r e n e", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/614772228593438720/UfDwx5vu_normal.jpg"}

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Figshare

• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1342473"], "description"=>"<p>(a) A location map of the Catalonia Province; (b) A physiographic map of the Catalonia Province (non-copyrighted map, courtesy of Marine Geosciences Group, University of Barcelona); (c) A close-up map of the Llarga Beach (indicated with a blue arrow) and adjacent areas (image generated from an open access website: <a href=\"http://www.openstreetmap.org/\" target=\"_blank\">http://www.openstreetmap.org/</a>); (d) an aerial photograph of Llarga Beach (flight # 10173, March 1, 1976; ©Cartographic Institute of Catalonia; reproduced with permission of the Cartographic Institute of Catalonia); (e) an aerial photograph of Llarga Beach (flight # 2011072000290012, February 18, 2011; ©Cartographic Institute of Catalonia; reproduced with permission of the Cartographic Institute of Catalonia).</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["ecology", "Coastal ecology", "Conservation science", "Marine ecology", "paleoecology", "Marine biology", "Fisheries science", "Marine conservation", "Zoology", "Malacology", "marine and aquatic sciences"], "article_id"=>897248, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences", "Earth and Environmental Sciences"], "users"=>["Michał Kowalewski", "Rosa Domènech", "Jordi Martinell"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0083615.g001", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>6, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_The_study_area_/897248", "title"=>"The study area.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2014-01-08 04:19:30"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1342480"], "description"=>"<p>Monthly estimates are binned into 25-transect groups based on their rank in terms of tourist arrivals. The left endpoint along the x axis (ranks “1–25”) represents the dataset restricted to 25 monthly transects with the highest tourist arrivals. The right endpoint (ranks “29–55”) represent the 25 months with the smallest numbers of tourists. All restricted datasets are comparable in sample size (<i>n</i> = ∼25 transects) although due to tied ranks, some rank ranges represent 24 or 26 monthly transects. Red symbols are significant at <i>p</i><0.001 and blue symbols at <i>p</i><0.01.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["ecology", "Coastal ecology", "Conservation science", "Marine ecology", "paleoecology", "Marine biology", "Fisheries science", "Marine conservation", "Zoology", "Malacology", "marine and aquatic sciences"], "article_id"=>897255, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences", "Earth and Environmental Sciences"], "users"=>["Michał Kowalewski", "Rosa Domènech", "Jordi Martinell"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0083615.g007", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>4, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Changes_in_strength_of_rank_correlation_as_a_function_of_tourist_activity_/897255", "title"=>"Changes in strength of rank correlation as a function of tourist activity.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2014-01-08 04:19:30"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1342481"], "description"=>"<div><p>Multi-decadal increase in shell removal by tourists, a process that may accelerate degradation of natural habitats, was quantified via two series of monthly surveys, conducted thirty years apart (1978–1981 and 2008–2010) in one small embayment on the Mediterranean coast of the Iberian Peninsula. Over the last three decades, the local tourist arrivals have increased almost three-fold (2.74), while the area has remained unaffected by urban encroachment and commercial fisheries. During the same time interval the abundance of mollusk shells along the shoreline decreased by a comparable factor (2.62) and was significantly and negatively correlated with tourist arrivals (r = −0.52). The strength of the correlation increased when data were restricted to months with high tourist arrivals (r = −0.72). In contrast, the maximum monthly wave energy (an indirect proxy for changes in rate of onshore shell transport) was not significantly correlated with shell abundance (r = 0.10). Similarly, rank dominance of common species, drilling predation intensity, and body size-frequency distribution patterns have all remained stable over recent decades. A four-fold increase in global tourist arrivals over the last 30 years may have induced a comparable worldwide acceleration in shell removal from marine shorelines, resulting in multiple, currently unquantifiable, habitat changes such as increased beach erosion, changes in calcium carbonate recycling, and declines in diversity and abundance of organisms, which are dependent on shell availability.</p></div>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["ecology", "Coastal ecology", "Conservation science", "Marine ecology", "paleoecology", "Marine biology", "Fisheries science", "Marine conservation", "Zoology", "Malacology", "marine and aquatic sciences", "clams", "iberian", "consequences", "implications", "accelerating", "shells"], "article_id"=>897256, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences", "Earth and Environmental Sciences"], "users"=>["Michał Kowalewski", "Rosa Domènech", "Jordi Martinell"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0083615", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>19, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Vanishing_Clams_on_an_Iberian_Beach_Local_Consequences_and_Global_Implications_of_Accelerating_Loss_of_Shells_to_Tourism_/897256", "title"=>"Vanishing Clams on an Iberian Beach: Local Consequences and Global Implications of Accelerating Loss of Shells to Tourism", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>3, "published_date"=>"2014-01-08 04:19:30"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1342479"], "description"=>"<p>Each data point represent average for the same months sampled in a given time interval (e.g., all July transects obtained in the 1978–1981 sampling period will be represented by one mean value. (a) All data; (b) Data restricted to months with tourist activity >5000 (a solid line represents a Reduced Major Axis Regression model).</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["ecology", "Coastal ecology", "Conservation science", "Marine ecology", "paleoecology", "Marine biology", "Fisheries science", "Marine conservation", "Zoology", "Malacology", "marine and aquatic sciences", "bivariate", "arrivals"], "article_id"=>897254, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences", "Earth and Environmental Sciences"], "users"=>["Michał Kowalewski", "Rosa Domènech", "Jordi Martinell"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0083615.g006", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>14, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Log_log_bivariate_plots_of_tourist_arrivals_and_shell_abundance_/897254", "title"=>"Log-log bivariate plots of tourist arrivals and shell abundance.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2014-01-08 04:19:30"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1342476"], "description"=>"<p>Values averaged across all transects conducted during a given time interval and season. (a) Data for 1978–1981 transects; (b) Data for 2008–2010 transects.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["ecology", "Coastal ecology", "Conservation science", "Marine ecology", "paleoecology", "Marine biology", "Fisheries science", "Marine conservation", "Zoology", "Malacology", "marine and aquatic sciences", "abundance", "shells", "grouped", "seasons", "sampling"], "article_id"=>897251, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences", "Earth and Environmental Sciences"], "users"=>["Michał Kowalewski", "Rosa Domènech", "Jordi Martinell"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0083615.g004", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>7, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Rank_abundance_of_shells_of_the_three_dominant_species_grouped_by_tourist_seasons_for_the_1978_8211_1981_and_2008_8211_2010_sampling_intervals_/897251", "title"=>"Rank abundance of shells of the three dominant species grouped by tourist seasons for the 1978–1981 and 2008–2010 sampling intervals.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2014-01-08 04:19:30"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1342475"], "description"=>"<p>(a) A bivariate log-linear plot of monthly changes in abundance of common bivalve species based on transects conducted along the shoreline of the Llarga Beach during 1978–1981 and 2008–2010 sampling intervals. Each point represents a single monthly transect; (b) A comparison of bimonthly changes in average abundance for 1978–1981 versus 2008–2010 sampling intervals.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["ecology", "Coastal ecology", "Conservation science", "Marine ecology", "paleoecology", "Marine biology", "Fisheries science", "Marine conservation", "Zoology", "Malacology", "marine and aquatic sciences", "abundance", "bivalve", "transects", "conducted", "shoreline", "llarga"], "article_id"=>897250, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences", "Earth and Environmental Sciences"], "users"=>["Michał Kowalewski", "Rosa Domènech", "Jordi Martinell"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0083615.g003", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>3, "page_views"=>6, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Seasonal_changes_in_abundance_of_common_bivalve_species_based_on_transects_conducted_along_the_shoreline_of_the_Llarga_Beach_/897250", "title"=>"Seasonal changes in abundance of common bivalve species based on transects conducted along the shoreline of the Llarga Beach.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2014-01-08 04:19:30"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1342477"], "description"=>"<p>Drilled and undrilled specimens are differentiated. (a) Data for 1978–1981 time interval; (b) Data for 2008–2010 time interval.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["ecology", "Coastal ecology", "Conservation science", "Marine ecology", "paleoecology", "Marine biology", "Fisheries science", "Marine conservation", "Zoology", "Malacology", "marine and aquatic sciences", "distributions", "shells", "august"], "article_id"=>897252, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences", "Earth and Environmental Sciences"], "users"=>["Michał Kowalewski", "Rosa Domènech", "Jordi Martinell"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0083615.g005", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>6, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Size_frequency_distributions_of_shells_of_Chamelea_gallina_from_August_transects_/897252", "title"=>"Size-frequency distributions of shells of <i>Chamelea gallina</i> from August transects.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2014-01-08 04:19:30"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1342474"], "description"=>"<p>(a) Median monthly air temperature recorded at the Meteorological Station of Reus Airport (data provided by Servei Meteoròlogic de Catalunya); (b) Median maximum monthly wave height measured at a buoy (Simar-44 [2057048]) located proximally to the study area (publicly available data obtained from <a href=\"http://www.puertos.es\" target=\"_blank\">http://www.puertos.es</a>; Puertos del Estado, Ministerio de Fomento); (c) A log-linear plot of monthly tourist arrivals for the 1978–1981 and 2008–2010 time intervals (see text for data sources).</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["ecology", "Coastal ecology", "Conservation science", "Marine ecology", "paleoecology", "Marine biology", "Fisheries science", "Marine conservation", "Zoology", "Malacology", "marine and aquatic sciences", "studied"], "article_id"=>897249, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences", "Earth and Environmental Sciences"], "users"=>["Michał Kowalewski", "Rosa Domènech", "Jordi Martinell"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0083615.g002", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>1, "page_views"=>18, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Local_temperature_wave_height_and_tourist_arrival_data_for_the_studied_time_intervals_/897249", "title"=>"Local temperature, wave height and tourist arrival data for the studied time intervals.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2014-01-08 04:19:30"}

PMC Usage Stats | Further Information

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Relative Metric

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F1000Prime