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{"title"=>"Phenolics impart Au3+-stress tolerance to cowpea by generating nanoparticles", "type"=>"journal", "authors"=>[{"first_name"=>"Nisha", "last_name"=>"Shabnam", "scopus_author_id"=>"55830571200"}, {"first_name"=>"P.", "last_name"=>"Pardha-Saradhi", "scopus_author_id"=>"6601963309"}, {"first_name"=>"P.", "last_name"=>"Sharmila", "scopus_author_id"=>"6602966225"}], "year"=>2014, "source"=>"PLoS ONE", "identifiers"=>{"scopus"=>"2-s2.0-84897391299", "doi"=>"10.1371/journal.pone.0085242", "issn"=>"19326203", "pmid"=>"24416368", "pui"=>"372730863", "sgr"=>"84897391299"}, "id"=>"e55e57ec-1701-391b-9927-95a50787ee05", "abstract"=>"While evaluating impact of Au nanoparticles on seed germination and early seedling growth of cowpea, HAuCl4 was used as control. Seedlings of cowpea raised in HAuCl4, even at concentration as high as 1 mM, did not show any suppression in growth. Accordingly, Au(3+), despite being a heavy metal, did not alter levels of stress markers (viz. proline and malondialdehyde) in cowpea. Interestingly, cowpea turned clear pale yellow HAuCl4 solutions colloidal purple during the course of seed germination and seedling growth. These purple colloidal suspensions showed Au-nanoparticle specific surface plasmon resonance band in absorption spectra. Transmission electron microscopic and powder X-ray diffraction investigations confirmed presence of crystalline Au-nanoparticles in these purple suspensions. Each germinating seed of cowpea released ∼35 nmoles of GAE of phenolics and since phenolics promote generation of Au-nanoparticles, which are less/non toxic compared to Au(3+), it was contemplated that potential of cowpea to withstand Au(3+) is linked to phenolics. Of the different components of germinating seed of cowpea tested, seed coat possessed immense power to generate Au-nanoparticles, as it was the key source of phenolics. To establish role of phenolics in generation of Au-nanoparticles (i) seed coat and (ii) the incubation medium in which phenolics were released by germinating seeds, were tested for their efficacy to generate Au-nanoparticles. Interestingly, incubation of either of these components with Au(3+) triggered increase in generation of Au-nanoparticles with concomitant decrease in phenolics. Accordingly, with increase in concentration of Au(3+), a proportionate increase in generation of Au-nanoparticles and decrease in phenolics was recorded. In summary, our findings clearly established that cowpea possessed potential to withstand Au(3+)-stress as the phenolics released by seed coat of germinating seeds possess potential to reduce toxic Au(3+) to form non/less toxic Au-nanoparticles. Our investigations also pave a novel, simple, green and economically viable protocol for generation of Au-nanoparticles.", "link"=>"http://www.mendeley.com/research/phenolics-impart-au3stress-tolerance-cowpea-generating-nanoparticles", "reader_count"=>8, "reader_count_by_academic_status"=>{"Researcher"=>1, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>5, "Student > Bachelor"=>1, "Lecturer"=>1}, "reader_count_by_user_role"=>{"Researcher"=>1, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>5, "Student > Bachelor"=>1, "Lecturer"=>1}, "reader_count_by_subject_area"=>{"Engineering"=>2, "Environmental Science"=>2, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>4}, "reader_count_by_subdiscipline"=>{"Engineering"=>{"Engineering"=>2}, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>{"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>4}, "Environmental Science"=>{"Environmental Science"=>2}}, "reader_count_by_country"=>{"Mexico"=>1, "India"=>1}, "group_count"=>0}

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• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.313
• http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0167937
• http://doi.org/10.1186/s11671-016-1607-2
• http://doi.org/10.1080/17518253.2015.1027288
• http://doi.org/10.1039/C9GC00335E
• http://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-016-0988-5
• http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0106715
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.05.038
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.09.033
• http://doi.org/10.1007/s41204-020-00095-9
• http://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.01052
• http://doi.org/10.1002/cben.201500018
• http://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-015-0910-6

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• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1344038"], "description"=>"<p>PXRD pattern of Au-nanoparticles (a) in Au³⁺ solutions incubated with incubation medium in which cowpea seedlings were raised (i); seed coat (ii); cotyledons (iii); and roots of intact cowpea seedlings (devoid of cotyledons+seed coat) immersed (iv); Phenolic content [(b),(c)] in Au³⁺ solutions (mM) incubated with incubation medium (b); and seed coat (c). Values represent mean of data collected from seven independent experiments and vertical lines on bars represent standard error (n = 7). Values designated by different small letters above bars are significantly different at <i>P</i>≤0.05 (Duncan's multiple range test).</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["Agricultural biotechnology", "crops", "Biochemistry", "biotechnology", "Molecular cell biology", "Cellular stress responses", "Plant science", "plants", "seedlings", "seeds", "Plant growth and development", "toxicology", "chemical biology", "phytochemistry", "biomaterials", "nanotechnology"], "article_id"=>898512, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences", "Medicine", "Chemistry"], "users"=>["Nisha Shabnam", "P. Pardha-Saradhi", "P. Sharmila"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0085242.g004", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>1, "page_views"=>2, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Figure_4_/898512", "title"=>"Figure 4", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2014-01-09 03:26:30"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1344033"], "description"=>"<p>Color (a–d) and absorption spectra (e–f) of Au³⁺ solutions (mM) incubated for 24 h with incubation medium in which cowpea seedlings were raised (a,e); seed coat (b,f); cotyledons (c,g); and roots of intact cowpea seedlings (devoid of cotyledons+seed coat) immersed (d,h).</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["Agricultural biotechnology", "crops", "Biochemistry", "biotechnology", "Molecular cell biology", "Cellular stress responses", "Plant science", "plants", "seedlings", "seeds", "Plant growth and development", "toxicology", "chemical biology", "phytochemistry", "biomaterials", "nanotechnology"], "article_id"=>898507, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences", "Medicine", "Chemistry"], "users"=>["Nisha Shabnam", "P. Pardha-Saradhi", "P. Sharmila"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0085242.g002", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>2, "page_views"=>2, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Figure_2_/898507", "title"=>"Figure 2", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2014-01-09 03:26:30"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1344037"], "description"=>"<p>TEM images (a–d,i–l), SAED pattern (e,g,m,o) and EDX spectra (f,h,n,p) of Au-nanoparticles in Au³⁺ solutions incubated with incubation medium in which cowpea seedlings were raised (a,b,e,f); seed coat (c,d,g,h); cotyledons (i,j,m,n); and the roots of intact cowpea seedlings (devoid of cotyledons+seed coat) immersed (k,l,o,p).</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["Agricultural biotechnology", "crops", "Biochemistry", "biotechnology", "Molecular cell biology", "Cellular stress responses", "Plant science", "plants", "seedlings", "seeds", "Plant growth and development", "toxicology", "chemical biology", "phytochemistry", "biomaterials", "nanotechnology"], "article_id"=>898511, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences", "Medicine", "Chemistry"], "users"=>["Nisha Shabnam", "P. Pardha-Saradhi", "P. Sharmila"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0085242.g003", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>1, "page_views"=>2, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Figure_3_/898511", "title"=>"Figure 3", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2014-01-09 03:26:30"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1344019"], "description"=>"<p>Seedlings of cowpea raised in varying concentrations (mM) of Au³⁺ (a). Length [(b),(c)], fresh weight [(d),(e)], proline [(f),(g)] and MDA levels [(h),(i)] of root (yellow bars) and shoot (green bars) of cowpea seedlings raised in Au³⁺. Absorption spectra (j) and TEM images [(k),(l)] of Au³⁺ solutions in which seedlings were raised. Values represent mean of data collected from seven independent experiments and vertical lines on bars represent standard error [n = 35 for (b), (c), (d) & (e); n = 7 for (f), (g), (h) & (i)]. Values designated by different small letters above bars are significantly different at <i>P</i>≤0.05 (Duncan's multiple range test).</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["Agricultural biotechnology", "crops", "Biochemistry", "biotechnology", "Molecular cell biology", "Cellular stress responses", "Plant science", "plants", "seedlings", "seeds", "Plant growth and development", "toxicology", "chemical biology", "phytochemistry", "biomaterials", "nanotechnology"], "article_id"=>898503, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences", "Medicine", "Chemistry"], "users"=>["Nisha Shabnam", "P. Pardha-Saradhi", "P. Sharmila"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0085242.g001", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>3, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Figure_1_/898503", "title"=>"Figure 1", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2014-01-09 03:26:30"}

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Relative Metric

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F1000Prime