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{"title"=>"Shifting baselines on a tropical forest frontier: Extirpations drive declines in local ecological knowledge", "type"=>"journal", "authors"=>[{"first_name"=>"Zhang", "last_name"=>"Kai", "scopus_author_id"=>"56355269600"}, {"first_name"=>"Teoh Shu", "last_name"=>"Woan", "scopus_author_id"=>"56355294400"}, {"first_name"=>"Li", "last_name"=>"Jie", "scopus_author_id"=>"56355328000"}, {"first_name"=>"Eben", "last_name"=>"Goodale", "scopus_author_id"=>"8915939800"}, {"first_name"=>"Kaoru", "last_name"=>"Kitajima", "scopus_author_id"=>"7202338687"}, {"first_name"=>"Robert", "last_name"=>"Bagchi", "scopus_author_id"=>"34967837900"}, {"first_name"=>"Rhett D.", "last_name"=>"Harrison", "scopus_author_id"=>"7403906434"}], "year"=>2014, "source"=>"PLoS ONE", "identifiers"=>{"issn"=>"19326203", "scopus"=>"2-s2.0-84898738852", "pui"=>"372853030", "doi"=>"10.1371/journal.pone.0086598", "isbn"=>"1932-6203", "sgr"=>"84898738852", "pmid"=>"24466163"}, "id"=>"e3f3b5d8-1ef8-3997-8df0-4441d8564d52", "abstract"=>"The value of local ecological knowledge (LEK) to conservation is increasingly recognised, but LEK is being rapidly lost as indigenous livelihoods change. Biodiversity loss is also a driver of the loss of LEK, but quantitative study is lacking. In our study landscape in SW China, a large proportion of species have been extirpated. Hence, we were interested to understand whether species extirpation might have led to an erosion of LEK and the implications this might have for conservation. So we investigated peoples' ability to name a selection of birds and mammals in their local language from pictures. Age was correlated to frequency of forest visits as a teenager and is likely to be closely correlated to other known drivers of the loss of LEK, such as declining forest dependence. We found men were better at identifying birds overall and that older people were better able to identify birds to the species as compared to group levels (approximately equivalent to genus). The effect of age was also stronger among women. However, after controlling for these factors, species abundance was by far the most important parameter in determining peoples' ability to name birds. People were unable to name any locally extirpated birds at the species level. However, contrary to expectations, people were better able to identify extirpated mammals at the species level than extant ones. However, extirpated mammals tend to be more charismatic species and several respondents indicated they were only familiar with them through TV documentaries. Younger people today cannot experience the sights and sounds of forest animals that their parents grew up with and, consequently, knowledge of these species is passing from cultural memory. We suggest that engaging older members of the community and linking the preservation of LEK to biodiversity conservation may help generate support for conservation.", "link"=>"http://www.mendeley.com/research/shifting-baselines-tropical-forest-frontier-extirpations-drive-declines-local-ecological-knowledge", "reader_count"=>89, "reader_count_by_academic_status"=>{"Unspecified"=>3, "Professor > Associate Professor"=>4, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>6, "Researcher"=>19, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>24, "Student > Postgraduate"=>3, "Student > Master"=>16, "Other"=>1, "Student > Bachelor"=>7, "Lecturer"=>3, "Lecturer > Senior Lecturer"=>1, "Professor"=>2}, "reader_count_by_user_role"=>{"Unspecified"=>3, "Professor > Associate Professor"=>4, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>6, "Researcher"=>19, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>24, "Student > Postgraduate"=>3, "Student > Master"=>16, "Other"=>1, "Student > Bachelor"=>7, "Lecturer"=>3, "Lecturer > Senior Lecturer"=>1, "Professor"=>2}, "reader_count_by_subject_area"=>{"Unspecified"=>6, "Environmental Science"=>34, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>40, "Medicine and Dentistry"=>2, "Arts and Humanities"=>1, "Social Sciences"=>4, "Computer Science"=>1, "Earth and Planetary Sciences"=>1}, "reader_count_by_subdiscipline"=>{"Medicine and Dentistry"=>{"Medicine and Dentistry"=>2}, "Social Sciences"=>{"Social Sciences"=>4}, "Earth and Planetary Sciences"=>{"Earth and Planetary Sciences"=>1}, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>{"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>40}, "Computer Science"=>{"Computer Science"=>1}, "Unspecified"=>{"Unspecified"=>6}, "Environmental Science"=>{"Environmental Science"=>34}, "Arts and Humanities"=>{"Arts and Humanities"=>1}}, "reader_count_by_country"=>{"United States"=>2, "China"=>1, "Brazil"=>1, "Denmark"=>1, "France"=>2, "Australia"=>1, "Indonesia"=>1, "India"=>1}, "group_count"=>7}

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• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2015.05.028
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• http://doi.org/10.1155/2019/8275084
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2019.108202

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• {"id"=>"426107780009709568", "text"=>"Shifting Baselines on a Tropical Forest Frontier: Extirpations Drive Declines in Local Ecological Knowledge http://t.co/iz7hnqUso6", "created_at"=>"2014-01-22T21:43:06Z", "user"=>"PLOSONE", "user_name"=>"PLOS ONE", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/2429958559/mzjl6as5u2m09r2erof6_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"426108263105839104", "text"=>"RT @PLOSONE: Shifting Baselines on a Tropical Forest Frontier: Extirpations Drive Declines in Local Ecological Knowledge http://t.co/iz7hnq…", "created_at"=>"2014-01-22T21:45:01Z", "user"=>"svilardyq", "user_name"=>"Sandra Vilardy ", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/378800000408074676/31063d8a0297e588a6bd2af38e8ac8a4_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"426232956773212160", "text"=>"RT @PLOSONE: Shifting Baselines on a Tropical Forest Frontier: Extirpations Drive Declines in Local Ecological Knowledge http://t.co/iz7hnq…", "created_at"=>"2014-01-23T06:00:30Z", "user"=>"BiodivKnowledge", "user_name"=>"BiodivKnowledge", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1251534005/icon_biodiversityKnowledge_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"427146442466021376", "text"=>"Indigenous culture i.e., practices, stories, ceremonies will help conservation of biodiversity from @conservationmag http://t.co/6VI7Xt4GEj", "created_at"=>"2014-01-25T18:30:22Z", "user"=>"ArcticIssues", "user_name"=>"Arctic Issues", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/2568160546/7rirvx4iium0s2xsxt37_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"427147107745529857", "text"=>"RT @ArcticIssues: Indigenous culture i.e., practices, stories, ceremonies will help conservation of biodiversity from @conservationmag http…", "created_at"=>"2014-01-25T18:33:01Z", "user"=>"AlaskanMix", "user_name"=>"AlaskanMix", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/415536371801935872/fLxg9uG8_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"428217245740060673", "text"=>"Obvious but good to see it measured…Extirpations Drive Declines in Local Ecological Knowledge http://t.co/yh26sdO20e", "created_at"=>"2014-01-28T17:25:21Z", "user"=>"yeti_in_a_box", "user_name"=>"Will TuladharDouglas", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/425763584597950464/bojaHxK6_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"726096591434571776", "text"=>"No surprise that maintenance of Local Ecological Knowledge levels is directly dependent upon preservation of... https://t.co/4bHVNrCa4d", "created_at"=>"2016-04-29T17:11:32Z", "user"=>"lead_impact", "user_name"=>"LEAD", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/425563824465272833/RrtFmThi_normal.png"}
• {"id"=>"827220029674516481", "text"=>"#365papers Shifting Baselines on a Tropical Forest Frontier: Extirpations Drive Declines in Local Ecol Knowledge https://t.co/4TKDk8Zlpl", "created_at"=>"2017-02-02T18:19:58Z", "user"=>"Drew_Lab", "user_name"=>"?Joshua Drew?", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/821902031073837056/v0omMktJ_normal.jpg"}

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• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1354227", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1354228", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1354229"], "description"=>"<div><p>The value of local ecological knowledge (LEK) to conservation is increasingly recognised, but LEK is being rapidly lost as indigenous livelihoods change. Biodiversity loss is also a driver of the loss of LEK, but quantitative study is lacking. In our study landscape in SW China, a large proportion of species have been extirpated. Hence, we were interested to understand whether species extirpation might have led to an erosion of LEK and the implications this might have for conservation. So we investigated peoples' ability to name a selection of birds and mammals in their local language from pictures. Age was correlated to frequency of forest visits as a teenager and is likely to be closely correlated to other known drivers of the loss of LEK, such as declining forest dependence. We found men were better at identifying birds overall and that older people were better able to identify birds to the species as compared to group levels (approximately equivalent to genus). The effect of age was also stronger among women. However, after controlling for these factors, species abundance was by far the most important parameter in determining peoples' ability to name birds. People were unable to name any locally extirpated birds at the species level. However, contrary to expectations, people were better able to identify extirpated mammals at the species level than extant ones. However, extirpated mammals tend to be more charismatic species and several respondents indicated they were only familiar with them through TV documentaries. Younger people today cannot experience the sights and sounds of forest animals that their parents grew up with and, consequently, knowledge of these species is passing from cultural memory. We suggest that engaging older members of the community and linking the preservation of LEK to biodiversity conservation may help generate support for conservation.</p></div>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["ecology", "biodiversity", "Conservation science", "Environmental protection", "Species extinction", "anthropology", "Ethnobiology", "geography", "Human geography", "Cultural geography", "Historical geography", "Sociology", "culture", "Sociology of knowledge", "baselines", "extirpations", "declines"], "article_id"=>906622, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences", "Sociology"], "users"=>["Zhang Kai", "Teoh Shu Woan", "Li Jie", "Eben Goodale", "Kaoru Kitajima", "Robert Bagchi", "Rhett D. Harrison"], "doi"=>["https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0086598.s001", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0086598.s002", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0086598.s003"], "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>13, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Shifting_Baselines_on_a_Tropical_Forest_Frontier_Extirpations_Drive_Declines_in_Local_Ecological_Knowledge_/906622", "title"=>"Shifting Baselines on a Tropical Forest Frontier: Extirpations Drive Declines in Local Ecological Knowledge", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>4, "published_date"=>"2014-01-21 04:25:34"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1354224"], "description"=>"<p>We modeled the frequency of identifications at a particular level using a Poisson (link = log) GLMM, with village and respondent nested within village included as random effects (not shown). We investigated the effect of respondent gender, respondent age, and species abundance (extant or extirpated) and their interactive effects on the ability of people to correctly name species at two levels (overall (group+species level) and specific (species vs group levels)). Full model details are given in the online supplementary material <a href=\"http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0086598#pone.0086598.s003\" target=\"_blank\">Table S3</a>. Starting with the null model, we added and subtracted parameters by hand and assessed the impact of a factor by comparing AIC values. K = number of model parameters. ΔAIC_c = difference between AIC_c of the top ranked model and current model.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["ecology", "biodiversity", "Conservation science", "Environmental protection", "Species extinction", "anthropology", "Ethnobiology", "geography", "Human geography", "Cultural geography", "Historical geography", "Sociology", "culture", "Sociology of knowledge", "mammal"], "article_id"=>906619, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences", "Sociology"], "users"=>["Zhang Kai", "Teoh Shu Woan", "Li Jie", "Eben Goodale", "Kaoru Kitajima", "Robert Bagchi", "Rhett D. Harrison"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0086598.t003", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>11, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Summary_of_the_selection_process_for_the_model_for_mammal_identification_/906619", "title"=>"Summary of the selection process for the model for mammal identification.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>3, "published_date"=>"2014-01-21 04:25:34"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1354222"], "description"=>"<p>We used a binomial (link = logit) GLMM with village and respondent nested within village included as random effects (not shown). We investigated the effect of respondent gender, respondent age, and species abundance ((1) common vs rare, (2) rare vs extirpated) and their interactive effects on the ability of people to correctly names species at two levels (overall (group+species levels) and specific (species vs groups levels)). Full model details are given in the online supplementary material <a href=\"http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0086598#pone.0086598.s002\" target=\"_blank\">Table S2</a>.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["ecology", "biodiversity", "Conservation science", "Environmental protection", "Species extinction", "anthropology", "Ethnobiology", "geography", "Human geography", "Cultural geography", "Historical geography", "Sociology", "culture", "Sociology of knowledge", "parameter", "coefficients"], "article_id"=>906618, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences", "Sociology"], "users"=>["Zhang Kai", "Teoh Shu Woan", "Li Jie", "Eben Goodale", "Kaoru Kitajima", "Robert Bagchi", "Rhett D. Harrison"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0086598.t002", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>2, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Summary_of_the_parameter_coefficients_for_the_best_model_for_bird_identification_/906618", "title"=>"Summary of the parameter coefficients for the best model for bird identification.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>3, "published_date"=>"2014-01-21 04:25:34"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1354217"], "description"=>"<p>Only answers from respondents who identified the species concerned and who correctly identified the quality control species (see Methods) were used in constructing the extirpation time-line. In total 113 people were interviewed.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["ecology", "biodiversity", "Conservation science", "Environmental protection", "Species extinction", "anthropology", "Ethnobiology", "geography", "Human geography", "Cultural geography", "Historical geography", "Sociology", "culture", "Sociology of knowledge", "extirpation", "time-line", "mammal", "sw", "china", "refers", "respondents"], "article_id"=>906612, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences", "Sociology"], "users"=>["Zhang Kai", "Teoh Shu Woan", "Li Jie", "Eben Goodale", "Kaoru Kitajima", "Robert Bagchi", "Rhett D. Harrison"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0086598.g003", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>21, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_A_local_extirpation_time_line_for_five_mammal_species_in_Mengsong_SW_Xishuangbanna_China_n_refers_to_the_number_of_respondents_who_provided_time_line_data_for_the_species_/906612", "title"=>"A local extirpation time-line for five mammal species in Mengsong, SW Xishuangbanna, China (<i>n</i> refers to the number of respondents who provided time-line data for the species).", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2014-01-21 04:25:34"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1354214"], "description"=>"<p>Note that for the statistical modeling respondent age was treated as a continuous variable.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["ecology", "biodiversity", "Conservation science", "Environmental protection", "Species extinction", "anthropology", "Ethnobiology", "geography", "Human geography", "Cultural geography", "Historical geography", "Sociology", "culture", "Sociology of knowledge", "abundance"], "article_id"=>906609, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences", "Sociology"], "users"=>["Zhang Kai", "Teoh Shu Woan", "Li Jie", "Eben Goodale", "Kaoru Kitajima", "Robert Bagchi", "Rhett D. Harrison"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0086598.g001", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>2, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Proportion_of_bird_species_identified_to_group_level_light_grey_or_identified_to_species_level_dark_grey_against_respondent_gender_respondent_age_and_species_abundance_error_bars_8202_8202_standard_error_/906609", "title"=>"Proportion of bird species identified to group level (light grey) or identified to species level (dark grey) against respondent gender, respondent age, and species abundance (error bars = standard error).", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2014-01-21 04:25:34"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1354221"], "description"=>"*<p><i>We could not examine the gender:abundance interaction because of complications with the Hauck-Donner effect.</i></p><p>We modeled the frequency of identifications at a particular level using a Poisson (link = log) GLMM, with village and respondent nested within village included as random effects (not shown). We investigated the effect of respondent gender, respondent age, and species abundance (common, rare, or extirpated) and their interactive effects* on the ability of people to correctly name species at two levels (overall (group+species level) and specific (species vs group level)). Full model details are given in the online supplementary material <a href=\"http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0086598#pone.0086598.s002\" target=\"_blank\">Table S2</a>. Starting with the null model, we added and subtracted parameters by hand and assessed the impact of a factor by comparing AIC values. K = number of model parameters. ΔAIC_c = difference between AIC_c of the top ranked model and current model.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["ecology", "biodiversity", "Conservation science", "Environmental protection", "Species extinction", "anthropology", "Ethnobiology", "geography", "Human geography", "Cultural geography", "Historical geography", "Sociology", "culture", "Sociology of knowledge"], "article_id"=>906616, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences", "Sociology"], "users"=>["Zhang Kai", "Teoh Shu Woan", "Li Jie", "Eben Goodale", "Kaoru Kitajima", "Robert Bagchi", "Rhett D. Harrison"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0086598.t001", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>6, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Summary_of_the_selection_process_for_the_model_for_bird_identification_/906616", "title"=>"Summary of the selection process for the model for bird identification.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>3, "published_date"=>"2014-01-21 04:25:34"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1354219"], "description"=>"<p>We modeled the frequency of identifications at a particular level using a Poisson (link = log) GLMM, with village and respondent nested within village included as random effects (not shown). We investigated the effect of respondent gender, respondent age, and species abundance (extant vs extirpated) and their interactive effects on the ability of people to correctly names species at two levels (overall (group + species levels) and specific (species vs groups levels)). The interactive terms were removed during model simplification. Although models including the interactive terms were roughly equivalent (<a href=\"http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0086598#pone-0086598-t003\" target=\"_blank\">Table 3</a>), none of the coefficients for the interactive terms were significant. Full model details are given in the online supplementary material <a href=\"http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0086598#pone.0086598.s003\" target=\"_blank\">Table S3</a>.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["ecology", "biodiversity", "Conservation science", "Environmental protection", "Species extinction", "anthropology", "Ethnobiology", "geography", "Human geography", "Cultural geography", "Historical geography", "Sociology", "culture", "Sociology of knowledge", "parameter", "coefficients", "mammal"], "article_id"=>906614, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences", "Sociology"], "users"=>["Zhang Kai", "Teoh Shu Woan", "Li Jie", "Eben Goodale", "Kaoru Kitajima", "Robert Bagchi", "Rhett D. Harrison"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0086598.t004", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>7, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Summary_of_the_parameter_coefficients_for_the_best_model_for_mammal_identification_/906614", "title"=>"Summary of the parameter coefficients for the best model for mammal identification.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>3, "published_date"=>"2014-01-21 04:25:34"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1354215"], "description"=>"<p>Note that for the statistical modeling respondent age was treated as a continuous variable.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["ecology", "biodiversity", "Conservation science", "Environmental protection", "Species extinction", "anthropology", "Ethnobiology", "geography", "Human geography", "Cultural geography", "Historical geography", "Sociology", "culture", "Sociology of knowledge", "mammal", "abundance"], "article_id"=>906610, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences", "Sociology"], "users"=>["Zhang Kai", "Teoh Shu Woan", "Li Jie", "Eben Goodale", "Kaoru Kitajima", "Robert Bagchi", "Rhett D. Harrison"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0086598.g002", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>8, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Proportion_of_mammal_species_identified_to_group_level_light_grey_or_identified_to_species_level_dark_grey_against_respondent_gender_respondent_age_and_species_abundance_error_bars_8202_8202_standard_error_/906610", "title"=>"Proportion of mammal species identified to group level (light grey) or identified to species level (dark grey) against respondent gender, respondent age, and species abundance (error bars = standard error).", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2014-01-21 04:25:34"}

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Relative Metric

{"start_date"=>"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z", "end_date"=>"2014-12-31T00:00:00Z", "subject_areas"=>[{"subject_area"=>"/Biology and life sciences/Organisms", "average_usage"=>[310]}, {"subject_area"=>"/Ecology and environmental sciences/Conservation science", "average_usage"=>[419, 667]}, {"subject_area"=>"/Ecology and environmental sciences/Terrestrial environments", "average_usage"=>[292, 445]}, {"subject_area"=>"/Social sciences", "average_usage"=>[318]}]}

F1000Prime