The Uptake of Soluble and Particulate Antigens by Epithelial Cells in the Mouse Small Intestine
- Publication Date
- January 27, 2014
- Journal
- PLOS ONE
- Authors
- Savannah E. Howe, Duane J. Lickteig, Kyle N. Plunkett, Jan S. Ryerse, et al
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- e86656
- DOI
- https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0086656
- Publisher URL
- http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0086656
- PubMed
- http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24475164
- PubMed Central
- http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3903549
- Europe PMC
- http://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/24475164
- Web of Science
- 000330507300099
- Scopus
- 84900346021
- Mendeley
- http://www.mendeley.com/research/uptake-soluble-particulate-antigens-epithelial-cells-mouse-small-intestine
Loading … 

Events
Loading … 

Mendeley | Further Information
{"title"=>"The uptake of soluble and particulate antigens by epithelial cells in the mouse small intestine", "type"=>"journal", "authors"=>[{"first_name"=>"Savannah E.", "last_name"=>"Howe", "scopus_author_id"=>"56154791300"}, {"first_name"=>"Duane J.", "last_name"=>"Lickteig", "scopus_author_id"=>"56154844500"}, {"first_name"=>"Kyle N.", "last_name"=>"Plunkett", "scopus_author_id"=>"7004095735"}, {"first_name"=>"Jan S.", "last_name"=>"Ryerse", "scopus_author_id"=>"7003270034"}, {"first_name"=>"Vjollca", "last_name"=>"Konjufca", "scopus_author_id"=>"15519546900"}], "year"=>2014, "source"=>"PLoS ONE", "identifiers"=>{"sgr"=>"84900346021", "doi"=>"10.1371/journal.pone.0086656", "isbn"=>"1932-6203 (Electronic)\\r1932-6203 (Linking)", "pmid"=>"24475164", "issn"=>"19326203", "scopus"=>"2-s2.0-84900346021", "pui"=>"373059166"}, "id"=>"c42fa6c4-3ce6-3ce6-bfaf-827abe8c6ff5", "abstract"=>"Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) overlying the villi play a prominent role in absorption of digested nutrients and establish a barrier that separates the internal milieu from potentially harmful microbial antigens. Several mechanisms by which antigens of dietary and microbial origin enter the body have been identified; however whether IECs play a role in antigen uptake is not known. Using in vivo imaging of the mouse small intestine, we investigated whether epithelial cells (enterocytes) play an active role in the uptake (sampling) of lumen antigens. We found that small molecular weight antigens such as chicken ovalbumin, dextran, and bacterial LPS enter the lamina propria, the loose connective tissue which lies beneath the epithelium via goblet cell associated passageways. However, epithelial cells overlying the villi can internalize particulate antigens such as bacterial cell debris and inert nanoparticles (NPs), which are then found co-localizing with the CD11c+ dendritic cells in the lamina propria. The extent of NP uptake by IECs depends on their size: 20-40 nm NPs are taken up readily, while NPs larger than 100 nm are taken up mainly by the epithelial cells overlying Peyer's patches. Blocking NPs with small proteins or conjugating them with ovalbumin does not inhibit their uptake. However, the uptake of 40 nm NPs can be inhibited when they are administered with an endocytosis inhibitor (chlorpromazine). Delineating the mechanisms of antigen uptake in the gut is essential for understanding how tolerance and immunity to lumen antigens are generated, and for the development of mucosal vaccines and therapies.", "link"=>"http://www.mendeley.com/research/uptake-soluble-particulate-antigens-epithelial-cells-mouse-small-intestine", "reader_count"=>50, "reader_count_by_academic_status"=>{"Unspecified"=>1, "Professor > Associate Professor"=>4, "Researcher"=>8, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>5, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>12, "Student > Postgraduate"=>3, "Student > Master"=>9, "Other"=>1, "Student > Bachelor"=>3, "Lecturer"=>1, "Professor"=>3}, "reader_count_by_user_role"=>{"Unspecified"=>1, "Professor > Associate Professor"=>4, "Researcher"=>8, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>5, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>12, "Student > Postgraduate"=>3, "Student > Master"=>9, "Other"=>1, "Student > Bachelor"=>3, "Lecturer"=>1, "Professor"=>3}, "reader_count_by_subject_area"=>{"Unspecified"=>2, "Engineering"=>1, "Environmental Science"=>1, "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>4, "Materials Science"=>1, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>18, "Medicine and Dentistry"=>10, "Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science"=>2, "Chemistry"=>3, "Social Sciences"=>1, "Immunology and Microbiology"=>7}, "reader_count_by_subdiscipline"=>{"Engineering"=>{"Engineering"=>1}, "Materials Science"=>{"Materials Science"=>1}, "Medicine and Dentistry"=>{"Medicine and Dentistry"=>10}, "Chemistry"=>{"Chemistry"=>3}, "Social Sciences"=>{"Social Sciences"=>1}, "Immunology and Microbiology"=>{"Immunology and Microbiology"=>7}, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>{"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>18}, "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>{"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>4}, "Unspecified"=>{"Unspecified"=>2}, "Environmental Science"=>{"Environmental Science"=>1}, "Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science"=>{"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science"=>2}}, "reader_count_by_country"=>{"Canada"=>1, "United States"=>1, "Japan"=>1}, "group_count"=>3}CrossRef
- http://doi.org/10.1111/apha.12595
- http://doi.org/10.1042/BSR20201471
- http://doi.org/10.1002/wnan.1481
- http://doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2018/470
- http://doi.org/10.1016/j.drudis.2017.08.011
- http://doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00079.2020
- http://doi.org/10.1038/mi.2015.32
- http://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2015.00612
- http://doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v7.i8.917
- http://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.11.014
- http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.09.047
- http://doi.org/10.1080/17435390.2017.1306893
- http://doi.org/10.3390/antib4040295
- http://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v22.i33.7536
- http://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-019-0735-5
- http://doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00098.2016
- http://doi.org/10.3390/nu11010068
- http://doi.org/10.1177/0192623319867053
- http://doi.org/10.1016/j.smim.2015.11.001
- http://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8122012
- http://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.35938
- http://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145078
- http://doi.org/10.1186/s12934-019-1115-z
- http://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.00413-20
- http://doi.org/10.3390/antib5040020
- http://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1600412
- http://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202001246
- http://doi.org/10.1016/j.nano.2020.102234
- http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0118067
- http://doi.org/10.1111/cei.13352
- http://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-016-1850-4
- http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0114601
- http://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.12479
- http://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines7030065
- http://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.40387
- http://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-017-0280-7
- http://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5327
- http://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-019-05777-2
- http://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00372.2016
- http://doi.org/10.1016/j.cotox.2020.02.007
- http://doi.org/10.1016/j.dci.2016.02.014
- http://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2017.00598
- http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0205247
Scopus | Further Information
{"@_fa"=>"true", "link"=>[{"@_fa"=>"true", "@ref"=>"self", "@href"=>"https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/84900346021"}, {"@_fa"=>"true", "@ref"=>"author-affiliation", "@href"=>"https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/84900346021?field=author,affiliation"}, {"@_fa"=>"true", "@ref"=>"scopus", "@href"=>"https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=84900346021&origin=inward"}, {"@_fa"=>"true", "@ref"=>"scopus-citedby", "@href"=>"https://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=84900346021&origin=inward"}], "prism:url"=>"https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/84900346021", "dc:identifier"=>"SCOPUS_ID:84900346021", "eid"=>"2-s2.0-84900346021", "dc:title"=>"The uptake of soluble and particulate antigens by epithelial cells in the mouse small intestine", "dc:creator"=>"Howe S.", "prism:publicationName"=>"PLoS ONE", "prism:eIssn"=>"19326203", "prism:volume"=>"9", "prism:issueIdentifier"=>"1", "prism:pageRange"=>nil, "prism:coverDate"=>"2014-01-27", "prism:coverDisplayDate"=>"27 January 2014", "prism:doi"=>"10.1371/journal.pone.0086656", "citedby-count"=>"46", "affiliation"=>[{"@_fa"=>"true", "affilname"=>"Southern Illinois University at Carbondale", "affiliation-city"=>"Carbondale", "affiliation-country"=>"United States"}], "pubmed-id"=>"24475164", "prism:aggregationType"=>"Journal", "subtype"=>"ar", "subtypeDescription"=>"Article", "article-number"=>"e86656", "source-id"=>"10600153309", "openaccess"=>"1", "openaccessFlag"=>true, "freetoread"=>{"value"=>[{"$"=>"all"}, {"$"=>"publisherfullgold"}, {"$"=>"repository"}, {"$"=>"repositoryvor"}, {"$"=>"repositoryam"}]}, "freetoreadLabel"=>{"value"=>[{"$"=>"All Open Access"}, {"$"=>"Gold"}, {"$"=>"Green"}]}}- {"url"=>"http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.plos.org%2Fplosone%2Farticle%3Fid%3D10.1371%252Fjournal.pone.0086656", "share_count"=>0, "like_count"=>0, "comment_count"=>0, "click_count"=>0, "total_count"=>0}
- {"id"=>"428005393227202560", "text"=>"I am SO PROUD of my big sister.. Her work is published!! http://t.co/h1tbmm8bjl", "created_at"=>"2014-01-28T03:23:32Z", "user"=>"_abbyhowe", "user_name"=>"Abby Howe", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/378800000847318155/325886cafa1fbd3058d4d8f99b743195_normal.jpeg"}
- {"id"=>"428193668193718272", "text"=>"RT @_abbyhowe: I am SO PROUD of my big sister.. Her work is published!! http://t.co/h1tbmm8bjl", "created_at"=>"2014-01-28T15:51:40Z", "user"=>"PLOSONE", "user_name"=>"PLOS ONE", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/2429958559/mzjl6as5u2m09r2erof6_normal.jpeg"}
- {"id"=>"428221839999913984", "text"=>"RT @_abbyhowe: I am SO PROUD of my big sister.. Her work is published!! http://t.co/h1tbmm8bjl", "created_at"=>"2014-01-28T17:43:37Z", "user"=>"cavemanjohn", "user_name"=>"cavemanjohn", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1079843082/Photo_61_normal.jpg"}
Counter
- {"month"=>"1", "year"=>"2014", "pdf_views"=>"40", "xml_views"=>"6", "html_views"=>"418"}
- {"month"=>"2", "year"=>"2014", "pdf_views"=>"78", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"230"}
- {"month"=>"3", "year"=>"2014", "pdf_views"=>"38", "xml_views"=>"2", "html_views"=>"139"}
- {"month"=>"4", "year"=>"2014", "pdf_views"=>"32", "xml_views"=>"3", "html_views"=>"117"}
- {"month"=>"5", "year"=>"2014", "pdf_views"=>"25", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"101"}
- {"month"=>"6", "year"=>"2014", "pdf_views"=>"20", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"105"}
- {"month"=>"7", "year"=>"2014", "pdf_views"=>"18", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"81"}
- {"month"=>"8", "year"=>"2014", "pdf_views"=>"15", "xml_views"=>"2", "html_views"=>"82"}
- {"month"=>"9", "year"=>"2014", "pdf_views"=>"8", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"83"}
- {"month"=>"10", "year"=>"2014", "pdf_views"=>"15", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"95"}
- {"month"=>"11", "year"=>"2014", "pdf_views"=>"8", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"92"}
- {"month"=>"12", "year"=>"2014", "pdf_views"=>"22", "xml_views"=>"2", "html_views"=>"153"}
- {"month"=>"1", "year"=>"2015", "pdf_views"=>"17", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"127"}
- {"month"=>"2", "year"=>"2015", "pdf_views"=>"25", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"77"}
- {"month"=>"3", "year"=>"2015", "pdf_views"=>"13", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"77"}
- {"month"=>"4", "year"=>"2015", "pdf_views"=>"14", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"64"}
- {"month"=>"5", "year"=>"2015", "pdf_views"=>"10", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"131"}
- {"month"=>"6", "year"=>"2015", "pdf_views"=>"16", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"91"}
- {"month"=>"7", "year"=>"2015", "pdf_views"=>"8", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"86"}
- {"month"=>"8", "year"=>"2015", "pdf_views"=>"12", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"74"}
- {"month"=>"9", "year"=>"2015", "pdf_views"=>"10", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"111"}
- {"month"=>"10", "year"=>"2015", "pdf_views"=>"16", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"64"}
- {"month"=>"11", "year"=>"2015", "pdf_views"=>"14", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"73"}
- {"month"=>"12", "year"=>"2015", "pdf_views"=>"5", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"80"}
- {"month"=>"1", "year"=>"2016", "pdf_views"=>"6", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"39"}
- {"month"=>"2", "year"=>"2016", "pdf_views"=>"8", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"70"}
- {"month"=>"3", "year"=>"2016", "pdf_views"=>"6", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"45"}
- {"month"=>"4", "year"=>"2016", "pdf_views"=>"8", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"44"}
- {"month"=>"5", "year"=>"2016", "pdf_views"=>"11", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"41"}
- {"month"=>"6", "year"=>"2016", "pdf_views"=>"6", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"46"}
- {"month"=>"7", "year"=>"2016", "pdf_views"=>"13", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"40"}
- {"month"=>"8", "year"=>"2016", "pdf_views"=>"17", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"33"}
- {"month"=>"9", "year"=>"2016", "pdf_views"=>"17", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"136"}
- {"month"=>"10", "year"=>"2016", "pdf_views"=>"8", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"339"}
- {"month"=>"11", "year"=>"2016", "pdf_views"=>"11", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"305"}
- {"month"=>"12", "year"=>"2016", "pdf_views"=>"18", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"359"}
- {"month"=>"1", "year"=>"2017", "pdf_views"=>"6", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"363"}
- {"month"=>"2", "year"=>"2017", "pdf_views"=>"12", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"267"}
- {"month"=>"3", "year"=>"2017", "pdf_views"=>"12", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"244"}
- {"month"=>"4", "year"=>"2017", "pdf_views"=>"15", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"253"}
- {"month"=>"5", "year"=>"2017", "pdf_views"=>"10", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"246"}
- {"month"=>"6", "year"=>"2017", "pdf_views"=>"5", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"259"}
- {"month"=>"7", "year"=>"2017", "pdf_views"=>"13", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"90"}
- {"month"=>"8", "year"=>"2017", "pdf_views"=>"4", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"35"}
- {"month"=>"9", "year"=>"2017", "pdf_views"=>"12", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"41"}
- {"month"=>"10", "year"=>"2017", "pdf_views"=>"6", "xml_views"=>"2", "html_views"=>"49"}
- {"month"=>"11", "year"=>"2017", "pdf_views"=>"4", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"95"}
- {"month"=>"12", "year"=>"2017", "pdf_views"=>"2", "xml_views"=>"2", "html_views"=>"42"}
- {"month"=>"1", "year"=>"2018", "pdf_views"=>"8", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"24"}
- {"month"=>"2", "year"=>"2018", "pdf_views"=>"7", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"18"}
- {"month"=>"3", "year"=>"2018", "pdf_views"=>"13", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"19"}
- {"month"=>"4", "year"=>"2018", "pdf_views"=>"4", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"16"}
- {"month"=>"5", "year"=>"2018", "pdf_views"=>"2", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"8"}
- {"month"=>"6", "year"=>"2018", "pdf_views"=>"9", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"14"}
- {"month"=>"7", "year"=>"2018", "pdf_views"=>"4", "xml_views"=>"3", "html_views"=>"14"}
- {"month"=>"8", "year"=>"2018", "pdf_views"=>"4", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"13"}
- {"month"=>"9", "year"=>"2018", "pdf_views"=>"11", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"25"}
- {"month"=>"10", "year"=>"2018", "pdf_views"=>"16", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"17"}
- {"month"=>"11", "year"=>"2018", "pdf_views"=>"8", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"19"}
- {"month"=>"12", "year"=>"2018", "pdf_views"=>"7", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"7"}
- {"month"=>"1", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"8", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"23"}
- {"month"=>"2", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"14", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"33"}
- {"month"=>"3", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"16", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"23"}
- {"month"=>"4", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"16", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"33"}
- {"month"=>"5", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"8", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"26"}
- {"month"=>"6", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"15", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"41"}
- {"month"=>"7", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"13", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"21"}
- {"month"=>"8", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"7", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"15"}
- {"month"=>"9", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"11", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"36"}
- {"month"=>"10", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"20", "xml_views"=>"2", "html_views"=>"34"}
- {"month"=>"11", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"272", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"38"}
- {"month"=>"12", "year"=>"2019", "pdf_views"=>"459", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"18"}
- {"month"=>"1", "year"=>"2020", "pdf_views"=>"565", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"26"}
- {"month"=>"2", "year"=>"2020", "pdf_views"=>"428", "xml_views"=>"2", "html_views"=>"26"}
- {"month"=>"3", "year"=>"2020", "pdf_views"=>"517", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"29"}
- {"month"=>"4", "year"=>"2020", "pdf_views"=>"629", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"20"}
- {"month"=>"5", "year"=>"2020", "pdf_views"=>"466", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"12"}
- {"month"=>"6", "year"=>"2020", "pdf_views"=>"9", "xml_views"=>"1", "html_views"=>"16"}
- {"month"=>"7", "year"=>"2020", "pdf_views"=>"7", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"19"}
- {"month"=>"8", "year"=>"2020", "pdf_views"=>"7", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"7"}
- {"month"=>"9", "year"=>"2020", "pdf_views"=>"17", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"21"}
- {"month"=>"10", "year"=>"2020", "pdf_views"=>"13", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"24"}
- {"month"=>"11", "year"=>"2020", "pdf_views"=>"3", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"6"}
- {"month"=>"12", "year"=>"2020", "pdf_views"=>"7", "xml_views"=>"2", "html_views"=>"18"}
- {"month"=>"1", "year"=>"2021", "pdf_views"=>"6", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"14"}
- {"month"=>"2", "year"=>"2021", "pdf_views"=>"8", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"21"}
- {"month"=>"3", "year"=>"2021", "pdf_views"=>"14", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"30"}
- {"month"=>"4", "year"=>"2021", "pdf_views"=>"7", "xml_views"=>"0", "html_views"=>"8"}
PMC Usage Stats | Further Information
- {"unique-ip"=>"1", "full-text"=>"0", "pdf"=>"0", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"10", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2014", "month"=>"1"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"56", "full-text"=>"54", "pdf"=>"30", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"27", "supp-data"=>"250", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2014", "month"=>"2"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"35", "full-text"=>"38", "pdf"=>"19", "abstract"=>"1", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"16", "supp-data"=>"10", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2014", "month"=>"3"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"26", "full-text"=>"25", "pdf"=>"16", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"19", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2014", "month"=>"5"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"18", "full-text"=>"21", "pdf"=>"11", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"6", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2014", "month"=>"6"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"24", "full-text"=>"28", "pdf"=>"21", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"22", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2014", "month"=>"4"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"11", "full-text"=>"10", "pdf"=>"3", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"1", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2015", "month"=>"4"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"19", "full-text"=>"23", "pdf"=>"10", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"6", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2015", "month"=>"5"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"17", "full-text"=>"15", "pdf"=>"3", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"9", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2015", "month"=>"6"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"22", "full-text"=>"22", "pdf"=>"20", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"3", "supp-data"=>"5", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2015", "month"=>"7"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"12", "full-text"=>"12", "pdf"=>"10", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2015", "month"=>"3"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"25", "full-text"=>"32", "pdf"=>"13", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"1", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2015", "month"=>"2"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"19", "full-text"=>"14", "pdf"=>"12", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"4", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2015", "month"=>"8"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"24", "full-text"=>"23", "pdf"=>"6", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"2", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2015", "month"=>"9"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"18", "full-text"=>"17", "pdf"=>"5", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"2", "supp-data"=>"1", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2015", "month"=>"10"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"19", "full-text"=>"21", "pdf"=>"7", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"16", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2014", "month"=>"7"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"12", "full-text"=>"13", "pdf"=>"6", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"2", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2014", "month"=>"8"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"19", "full-text"=>"7", "pdf"=>"7", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"10", "supp-data"=>"8", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2014", "month"=>"9"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"15", "full-text"=>"10", "pdf"=>"15", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"14", "supp-data"=>"4", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2014", "month"=>"10"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"17", "full-text"=>"15", "pdf"=>"9", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"2", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2016", "month"=>"2"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"15", "full-text"=>"14", "pdf"=>"15", "abstract"=>"1", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"4", "supp-data"=>"1", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2014", "month"=>"11"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"27", "full-text"=>"20", "pdf"=>"16", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"17", "supp-data"=>"6", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2014", "month"=>"12"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"18", "full-text"=>"13", "pdf"=>"7", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"7", "supp-data"=>"1", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2015", "month"=>"1"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"27", "full-text"=>"23", "pdf"=>"9", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"5", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"2", "year"=>"2015", "month"=>"11"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"21", "full-text"=>"18", "pdf"=>"6", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"1", "year"=>"2015", "month"=>"12"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"26", "full-text"=>"16", "pdf"=>"19", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"3", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2016", "month"=>"1"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"11", "full-text"=>"13", "pdf"=>"2", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"2", "supp-data"=>"4", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2016", "month"=>"3"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"23", "full-text"=>"26", "pdf"=>"10", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"6", "supp-data"=>"1", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2016", "month"=>"4"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"19", "full-text"=>"24", "pdf"=>"2", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"11", "supp-data"=>"1", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2016", "month"=>"5"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"12", "full-text"=>"11", "pdf"=>"4", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"2", "supp-data"=>"2", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2016", "month"=>"6"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"16", "full-text"=>"17", "pdf"=>"6", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"1", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2016", "month"=>"7"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"31", "full-text"=>"38", "pdf"=>"3", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"19", "supp-data"=>"3", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2016", "month"=>"8"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"18", "full-text"=>"17", "pdf"=>"2", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"3", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2016", "month"=>"9"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"36", "full-text"=>"39", "pdf"=>"6", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"10", "supp-data"=>"20", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2016", "month"=>"10"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"10", "full-text"=>"11", "pdf"=>"7", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"3", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2016", "month"=>"11"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"14", "full-text"=>"15", "pdf"=>"2", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2016", "month"=>"12"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"18", "full-text"=>"17", "pdf"=>"4", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"1", "supp-data"=>"1", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2017", "month"=>"1"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"21", "full-text"=>"26", "pdf"=>"3", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"3", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2017", "month"=>"2"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"22", "full-text"=>"19", "pdf"=>"11", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"9", "supp-data"=>"7", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2017", "month"=>"3"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"12", "full-text"=>"12", "pdf"=>"3", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"2", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2017", "month"=>"4"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"21", "full-text"=>"21", "pdf"=>"6", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"17", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2017", "month"=>"5"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"6", "full-text"=>"6", "pdf"=>"3", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2017", "month"=>"6"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"12", "full-text"=>"14", "pdf"=>"2", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"2", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2017", "month"=>"7"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"13", "full-text"=>"17", "pdf"=>"1", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2017", "month"=>"8"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"18", "full-text"=>"26", "pdf"=>"1", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"6", "supp-data"=>"3", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2017", "month"=>"9"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"28", "full-text"=>"27", "pdf"=>"4", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2017", "month"=>"10"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"29", "full-text"=>"32", "pdf"=>"2", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2017", "month"=>"11"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"18", "full-text"=>"21", "pdf"=>"2", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"2", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2017", "month"=>"12"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"31", "full-text"=>"33", "pdf"=>"3", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"7", "supp-data"=>"2", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2018", "month"=>"1"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"1", "full-text"=>"1", "pdf"=>"0", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2018", "month"=>"2"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"34", "full-text"=>"34", "pdf"=>"3", "abstract"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"12", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2018", "month"=>"3"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"18", "full-text"=>"19", "pdf"=>"4", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2019", "month"=>"1"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"43", "full-text"=>"47", "pdf"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2018", "month"=>"4"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"46", "full-text"=>"48", "pdf"=>"4", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2018", "month"=>"5"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"29", "full-text"=>"32", "pdf"=>"5", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2018", "month"=>"6"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"20", "full-text"=>"17", "pdf"=>"5", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"4", "supp-data"=>"10", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2018", "month"=>"7"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"24", "full-text"=>"26", "pdf"=>"7", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"12", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2018", "month"=>"10"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"22", "full-text"=>"22", "pdf"=>"1", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"1", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2018", "month"=>"8"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"15", "full-text"=>"13", "pdf"=>"5", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2018", "month"=>"11"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"17", "full-text"=>"16", "pdf"=>"9", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2018", "month"=>"9"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"20", "full-text"=>"22", "pdf"=>"2", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2018", "month"=>"12"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"17", "full-text"=>"18", "pdf"=>"3", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2019", "month"=>"2"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"27", "full-text"=>"26", "pdf"=>"3", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"9", "supp-data"=>"2", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2019", "month"=>"3"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"28", "full-text"=>"31", "pdf"=>"3", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2019", "month"=>"4"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"9", "full-text"=>"8", "pdf"=>"2", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"2", "supp-data"=>"2", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2019", "month"=>"5"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"6", "full-text"=>"5", "pdf"=>"1", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2019", "month"=>"8"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"24", "full-text"=>"25", "pdf"=>"3", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2019", "month"=>"9"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"34", "full-text"=>"33", "pdf"=>"1", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"3", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2019", "month"=>"10"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"19", "full-text"=>"19", "pdf"=>"6", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"29", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2019", "month"=>"12"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"21", "full-text"=>"22", "pdf"=>"3", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"15", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2020", "month"=>"2"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"22", "full-text"=>"17", "pdf"=>"4", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"37", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2020", "month"=>"3"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"21", "full-text"=>"23", "pdf"=>"1", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"5", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2020", "month"=>"4"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"21", "full-text"=>"21", "pdf"=>"2", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2020", "month"=>"5"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"12", "full-text"=>"10", "pdf"=>"2", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2020", "month"=>"6"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"20", "full-text"=>"21", "pdf"=>"1", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"1", "year"=>"2020", "month"=>"7"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"7", "full-text"=>"8", "pdf"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2020", "month"=>"8"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"13", "full-text"=>"14", "pdf"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2020", "month"=>"9"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"12", "full-text"=>"11", "pdf"=>"1", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"2", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2020", "month"=>"10"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"15", "full-text"=>"19", "pdf"=>"3", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2020", "month"=>"11"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"14", "full-text"=>"24", "pdf"=>"2", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2020", "month"=>"12"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"6", "full-text"=>"6", "pdf"=>"0", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2021", "month"=>"1"}
- {"unique-ip"=>"4", "full-text"=>"4", "pdf"=>"4", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2021", "month"=>"2"}
Relative Metric
{"start_date"=>"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z", "end_date"=>"2014-12-31T00:00:00Z", "subject_areas"=>[{"subject_area"=>"/Biology and life sciences/Anatomy", "average_usage"=>[267]}, {"subject_area"=>"/Biology and life sciences/Biochemistry", "average_usage"=>[282]}, {"subject_area"=>"/Biology and life sciences/Physiology", "average_usage"=>[280]}, {"subject_area"=>"/Medicine and health sciences/Physiology", "average_usage"=>[278]}, {"subject_area"=>"/Physical sciences/Materials science", "average_usage"=>[259]}]}Loading … 

There are currently no alerts