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{"title"=>"Exercise prevents weight gain and alters the gut microbiota in a mouse model of high fat diet-induced obesity", "type"=>"journal", "authors"=>[{"first_name"=>"Christian C.", "last_name"=>"Evans", "scopus_author_id"=>"7403479121"}, {"first_name"=>"Kathy J.", "last_name"=>"LePard", "scopus_author_id"=>"56116135100"}, {"first_name"=>"Jeff W.", "last_name"=>"Kwak", "scopus_author_id"=>"56151561400"}, {"first_name"=>"Mary C.", "last_name"=>"Stancukas", "scopus_author_id"=>"56151520500"}, {"first_name"=>"Samantha", "last_name"=>"Laskowski", "scopus_author_id"=>"56151938400"}, {"first_name"=>"Joseph", "last_name"=>"Dougherty", "scopus_author_id"=>"56151994000"}, {"first_name"=>"Laura", "last_name"=>"Moulton", "scopus_author_id"=>"56151648700"}, {"first_name"=>"Adam", "last_name"=>"Glawe", "scopus_author_id"=>"57147659400"}, {"first_name"=>"Yunwei", "last_name"=>"Wang", "scopus_author_id"=>"35212110300"}, {"first_name"=>"Vanessa", "last_name"=>"Leone", "scopus_author_id"=>"55257261900"}, {"first_name"=>"Dionysios A.", "last_name"=>"Antonopoulos", "scopus_author_id"=>"6604053918"}, {"first_name"=>"Dan", "last_name"=>"Smith", "scopus_author_id"=>"55139227900"}, {"first_name"=>"Eugene B.", "last_name"=>"Chang", "scopus_author_id"=>"7401837634"}, {"first_name"=>"Mae J.", "last_name"=>"Ciancio", "scopus_author_id"=>"6601983990"}], "year"=>2014, "source"=>"PLoS ONE", "identifiers"=>{"sgr"=>"84899925360", "doi"=>"10.1371/journal.pone.0092193", "pui"=>"373038516", "pmid"=>"24670791", "scopus"=>"2-s2.0-84899925360", "issn"=>"19326203", "isbn"=>"1932-6203"}, "id"=>"1687131a-fe9f-31e9-a087-a61a74b88ff4", "abstract"=>"BACKGROUND: Diet-induced obesity (DIO) is a significant health concern which has been linked to structural and functional changes in the gut microbiota. Exercise (Ex) is effective in preventing obesity, but whether Ex alters the gut microbiota during development with high fat (HF) feeding is unknown.\\n\\nOBJECTIVE: Determine the effects of voluntary Ex on the gastrointestinal microbiota in LF-fed mice and in HF-DIO.\\n\\nMETHODS: Male C57BL/6 littermates (5 weeks) were distributed equally into 4 groups: low fat (LF) sedentary (Sed) LF/Sed, LF/Ex, HF/Sed and HF/Ex. Mice were individually housed and LF/Ex and HF/Ex cages were equipped with a wheel and odometer to record Ex. Fecal samples were collected at baseline, 6 weeks and 12 weeks and used for bacterial DNA isolation. DNA was subjected both to quantitative PCR using primers specific to the 16S rRNA encoding genes for Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes and to sequencing for lower taxonomic identification using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Data were analyzed using a one or two-way ANOVA or Pearson correlation.\\n\\nRESULTS: HF diet resulted in significantly greater body weight and adiposity as well as decreased glucose tolerance that were prevented by voluntary Ex (p<0.05). Visualization of Unifrac distance data with principal coordinates analysis indicated clustering by both diet and Ex at week 12. Sequencing demonstrated Ex-induced changes in the percentage of major bacterial phyla at 12 weeks. A correlation between total Ex distance and the ΔCt Bacteroidetes: ΔCt Firmicutes ratio from qPCR demonstrated a significant inverse correlation (r2 = 0.35, p = 0.043).\\n\\nCONCLUSION: Ex induces a unique shift in the gut microbiota that is different from dietary effects. Microbiota changes may play a role in Ex prevention of HF-DIO.", "link"=>"http://www.mendeley.com/research/exercise-prevents-weight-gain-alters-gut-microbiota-mouse-model-high-fat-dietinduced-obesity", "reader_count"=>210, "reader_count_by_academic_status"=>{"Unspecified"=>7, "Professor > Associate Professor"=>8, "Researcher"=>37, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>12, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>39, "Student > Postgraduate"=>11, "Student > Master"=>39, "Other"=>9, "Student > Bachelor"=>38, "Lecturer"=>2, "Lecturer > Senior Lecturer"=>1, "Professor"=>7}, "reader_count_by_user_role"=>{"Unspecified"=>7, "Professor > Associate Professor"=>8, "Researcher"=>37, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>12, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>39, "Student > Postgraduate"=>11, "Student > Master"=>39, "Other"=>9, "Student > Bachelor"=>38, "Lecturer"=>2, "Lecturer > Senior Lecturer"=>1, "Professor"=>7}, "reader_count_by_subject_area"=>{"Unspecified"=>14, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>88, "Philosophy"=>1, "Chemistry"=>5, "Computer Science"=>1, "Environmental Science"=>1, "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>19, "Nursing and Health Professions"=>11, "Medicine and Dentistry"=>34, "Neuroscience"=>4, "Sports and Recreations"=>10, "Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science"=>3, "Physics and Astronomy"=>1, "Psychology"=>4, "Social Sciences"=>3, "Immunology and Microbiology"=>11}, "reader_count_by_subdiscipline"=>{"Medicine and Dentistry"=>{"Medicine and Dentistry"=>34}, "Social Sciences"=>{"Social Sciences"=>3}, "Sports and Recreations"=>{"Sports and Recreations"=>10}, "Physics and Astronomy"=>{"Physics and Astronomy"=>1}, "Psychology"=>{"Psychology"=>4}, "Unspecified"=>{"Unspecified"=>14}, "Environmental Science"=>{"Environmental Science"=>1}, "Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science"=>{"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science"=>3}, "Chemistry"=>{"Chemistry"=>5}, "Neuroscience"=>{"Neuroscience"=>4}, "Immunology and Microbiology"=>{"Immunology and Microbiology"=>11}, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>{"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>88}, "Computer Science"=>{"Computer Science"=>1}, "Nursing and Health Professions"=>{"Nursing and Health Professions"=>11}, "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>{"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>19}, "Philosophy"=>{"Philosophy"=>1}}, "reader_count_by_country"=>{"Canada"=>1, "United States"=>3, "Norway"=>1, "Ireland"=>1, "Japan"=>1, "Brazil"=>2, "Denmark"=>1, "United Kingdom"=>1, "Italy"=>1}, "group_count"=>11}

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• {"type"=>"COMMENT", "annotationUri"=>"info:doi/10.1371/annotation/066d4f2e-7f97-4772-a3f2-89574ba1231f", "title"=>"Exercise, gut, and the brain?", "body"=>"Evans et al (2014) did some important work in understanding a factor – exercise – in influencing gut microbiota (1). This brought to mind some other studies and the question as to whether exercise influences brain health in part by altering gut microbiota. \r\n\r\nGut microbiota appears to play a role in brain health (2, 3) Brain derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) plays a major role in brain health. BDNF promotes resilience (4). Gut microbiota appear to possibly have an influence on the production of BDNF (5). Inflammation may play a role in mood disorders (5). Gut microbiota might influence systemic inflammation (7, 8).\r\n\r\nExercise appears to aid with executive function, helps protect against neurodegenerative diseases, and may reduce the risk of depression (9, 10, 11). It should also be noted that modern humans tend to get far less exercise than our ancestors did (12, 13). \r\n\r\nCould gut microbiota play a role in the brain health effects of exercise?\r\n\r\n\r\nReferences\r\n\r\n1.\tEvans CC, et al. Exercise prevents weight gain and alters the gut microbiota in a mouse model of high fat diet-induced obesity. PLoS One. 9(3):e92193.\r\n2.\tMatthews DM, Jenks SM Ingestion of Mycobacterium vaccae decreases anxiety-related behavior and improves learning in mice. Behav Processes. 96:27-35.\r\n3.\tFarmer AD, et al. It's a Gut Feeling - how the gut microbiota affects the state of mind. J Physiol. 15;592(Pt 14):2981-2988.\r\n4.\tKaratsoreos IN, McEwen BS Resilience and vulnerability: a neurobiological perspective. F1000Prine Rep. 1;5:13.\r\n5.\tSavignac HM, et al. Prebiotic feeding elevates central brain derived neurotrophic factor, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunits and D-serine. Neurochem Int. 63(8):756-64.\r\n6.\tRosenblat JD, et al. Inflamed moods: a review of the interactions between inflammation and mood disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 53:23-34\r\n7.\tGalley JD, Bailey MT Impact of stressor exposure on the interplay between commensal microbiota and host inflammation. Gut Microbes. 1;5(3). \r\n8.\tWalter J, et al. Holobiont nutrition: considering the role of the gastrointestinal microbiota in the health benefits of whole grains. Gut Microbes. 4(4):340-6.\r\n9.\tGuiney H, Machado L Benefits of regular aerobic exercise for executive functioning in healthy populations. Psychon Bull Rev. 20(1):73-86.\r\n10.\tBherer L, et al. A Review of the Effects of Physical Activity and Exercise on Cognitive and Brain Functions in Older Adults. J Aging Res. 2013:657508.\r\n11.\tGreenwood BN, Fleshner M. Exercise, learned helplessness, and the stress-resistant brain. Neuromolecular Med. 10(2):81-98.\r\n12.\tChakravarthy MV, Booth FW. Eating, exercise, and \"thrifty\" genotypes: connecting the dots toward an evolutionary understanding of modern chronic diseases. J Appl Physiol. 96(1):3-10.\r\n13.\tEgger GJ, et al. Estimating historical changes in physical activity levels. The Medical Journal of Australia. 175(11-12):635-6.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n", "isRemoved"=>false, "created"=>"2014-08-21T13:23:47Z", "lastModified"=>"2014-08-21T13:23:47Z", "creator"=>{"userId"=>"61337"}, "highlightedText"=>"", "competingInterestStatement"=>{"creatorWasPrompted"=>true, "hasCompetingInterests"=>false}, "parentArticle"=>{"doi"=>"info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0092193", "state"=>"published", "journals"=>{"PLoSONE"=>{"journalKey"=>"PLoSONE", "eIssn"=>"1932-6203", "title"=>"PLOS ONE"}}}, "replyTreeSize"=>0, "mostRecentActivity"=>"2014-08-21T13:23:47Z", "replies"=>[]}

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• {"id"=>"449441601681514496", "text"=>"Exercise Prevents Weight Gain and Alters the Gut Microbiota in a Mouse Model of High Fat Diet-Induced Obesity: http://t.co/o5ze17ZrQz", "created_at"=>"2014-03-28T07:03:22Z", "user"=>"TakYukishita_JP", "user_name"=>"Tak Yukishita MD PhD", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/435599536778518528/RL0TJ7Qa_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"456560762274607104", "text"=>"#PLOSONE: Exercise Prevents Weight Gain and Alters Gut Microbiota in a Mouse Model of High Fat Diet-Induced Obesity http://t.co/25Hr9EdglQ", "created_at"=>"2014-04-16T22:32:22Z", "user"=>"BryanBarksdale", "user_name"=>"Bryan Barksdale", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1697006516/296902_10150942202825007_553260006_21270067_1727016638_n_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"489470508032069632", "text"=>"Exercise induces a shift in gut #microbiota - may play a role in prevention of high fat diet-induced #obesity http://t.co/Q7NzzZ62IC", "created_at"=>"2014-07-16T18:03:57Z", "user"=>"MsDottyS", "user_name"=>"Dorota Starzak", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/3598221281/45628562b34d08b1fd5bfa18d0a70efa_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"489471334783930368", "text"=>"RT @MsDottyS: Exercise induces a shift in gut #microbiota - may play a role in prevention of high fat diet-induced #obesity http://t.co/Q7N…", "created_at"=>"2014-07-16T18:07:14Z", "user"=>"AndrewMcKune", "user_name"=>"Andrew McKune", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1298053172/Andrew_McKune_Photo_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"489471533933281280", "text"=>"RT @MsDottyS: Exercise induces a shift in gut #microbiota - may play a role in prevention of high fat diet-induced #obesity http://t.co/Q7N…", "created_at"=>"2014-07-16T18:08:02Z", "user"=>"drdairy50", "user_name"=>"Greg Miller, Ph.D.", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/455356947970019329/-2IufmyO_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"498271684487811074", "text"=>"RT @BryanBarksdale: #PLOSONE: Exercise Prevents Weight Gain and Alters Gut Microbiota in a Mouse Model of High Fat Diet-Induced Obesity htt…", "created_at"=>"2014-08-10T00:56:41Z", "user"=>"DaneWoodruff", "user_name"=>"Health Syndication", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/480826025492770816/Q_k7_1KL_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"693517966206349312", "text"=>"\"Exercise induces a unique shift in gut microbiota that is different from dietary effects.\" Exercise is medicine. https://t.co/GD9Sqp8tkw", "created_at"=>"2016-01-30T19:35:42Z", "user"=>"Warren_G_DPT", "user_name"=>"Warren Hebert", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/662466149385265152/Wo8Jx3I6_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"694543500805668864", "text"=>"RT @Warren_G_DPT: \"Exercise induces a unique shift in gut microbiota that is different from dietary effects.\" Exercise is medicine. https:/…", "created_at"=>"2016-02-02T15:30:49Z", "user"=>"drbriantiu", "user_name"=>"Dr. Brian Tiu", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/688130783970607106/d4q5tLpb_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"694544105033109506", "text"=>"RT @Warren_G_DPT: \"Exercise induces a unique shift in gut microbiota that is different from dietary effects.\" Exercise is medicine. https:/…", "created_at"=>"2016-02-02T15:33:13Z", "user"=>"GeorgeYuan2", "user_name"=>"George Yuan", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/550460485963751424/LYQzw7zH_normal.jpeg"}

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Figshare

• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1436579"], "description"=>"<p>A. Weekly exercise was recorded for low fat/exercise (LF/Ex) and high fat/exercise (HF/Ex) mice. B. Weekly body weight starting at week 0 of the diet and activity protocol (age  = 5 weeks) through week 12 (age  = 17 weeks) was recorded. C. Oral glucose tolerance was tested at week 12 of the diet and activity protocol. D. The area under the curve (AUC) was calculated for oral glucose tolerance. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Groups are abbreviated as follows: low-fat/sedentary (LF/Sed), low-fat/exercise (LF/Ex), high-fat/sedentary (HF/Sed) and high-fat/exercise (HF/Ex). Data were analyzed by 2-way ANOVA with a Sidak post hoc test. Significant differences indicated as follows: “*” p<0.05 for diet effect, “†” p<0.05 activity effect and “‡” p<0.05 diet and activity interaction. n = 6 mice/group.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["Biochemistry", "metabolism", "Energy metabolism", "Computational biology", "genetics", "genomics", "metagenomics", "microbiology", "nutrition", "physiology", "Physiological parameters", "Body weight", "obesity", "Physiological processes", "systems biology", "Gastroenterology and hepatology", "Metabolic disorders", "Public and occupational health", "Behavioral and social aspects of health", "preventive medicine", "Sports and exercise medicine", "glucose"], "article_id"=>975463, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences"], "users"=>["Christian C. Evans", "Kathy J. LePard", "Jeff W. Kwak", "Mary C. Stancukas", "Samantha Laskowski", "Joseph Dougherty", "Laura Moulton", "Adam Glawe", "Yunwei Wang", "Vanessa Leone", "Dionysios A. Antonopoulos", "Dan Smith", "Eugene B. Chang", "Mae J. Ciancio"], "doi"=>["https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0092193.g001"], "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>0, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Exercise_Body_Weight_and_Glucose_Tolerance_/975463", "title"=>"Exercise, Body Weight and Glucose Tolerance.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2014-03-26 03:28:59"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1436581"], "description"=>"<p>Principal coordinate analysis (PCA) was performed based on the weighted UniFrac distance matrix generated from sequencing fecal 16S rRNA gene in samples from mice at week 0 and 12 of the diet and activity protocol. A. Clustering demonstrated by litter at week 0. B. No clustering demonstrated by litter at week 12. C. No clustering demonstrated by diet and activity at week 0. D. Clustering demonstrated by diet and activity at week 12. The top panels show the PCA keyed by litter (6 liters, 1–6, of 4 mice each) and the bottom panels show the PCA keyed by diet and activity group. The X-axis represents the primary coordinate, the Y-axis represents the secondary coordinate. Axis numbering represents the relative distance between samples based on the weighted UniFrac distance matrix.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["Biochemistry", "metabolism", "Energy metabolism", "Computational biology", "genetics", "genomics", "metagenomics", "microbiology", "nutrition", "physiology", "Physiological parameters", "Body weight", "obesity", "Physiological processes", "systems biology", "Gastroenterology and hepatology", "Metabolic disorders", "Public and occupational health", "Behavioral and social aspects of health", "preventive medicine", "Sports and exercise medicine", "samples"], "article_id"=>975465, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences"], "users"=>["Christian C. Evans", "Kathy J. LePard", "Jeff W. Kwak", "Mary C. Stancukas", "Samantha Laskowski", "Joseph Dougherty", "Laura Moulton", "Adam Glawe", "Yunwei Wang", "Vanessa Leone", "Dionysios A. Antonopoulos", "Dan Smith", "Eugene B. Chang", "Mae J. Ciancio"], "doi"=>["https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0092193.g002"], "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>0, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Clustering_of_Samples_Based_on_Litter_Diet_and_Activity_/975465", "title"=>"Clustering of Samples Based on Litter, Diet and Activity.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2014-03-26 03:28:59"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1436582"], "description"=>"<p>Significant differences indicated as follows: “*” p<0.05 for diet effect, “†” p<0.05 activity effect and “‡” p<0.05 diet and activity interaction. n = 6 mice/group.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["Biochemistry", "metabolism", "Energy metabolism", "Computational biology", "genetics", "genomics", "metagenomics", "microbiology", "nutrition", "physiology", "Physiological parameters", "Body weight", "obesity", "Physiological processes", "systems biology", "Gastroenterology and hepatology", "Metabolic disorders", "Public and occupational health", "Behavioral and social aspects of health", "preventive medicine", "Sports and exercise medicine", "elevated", "hf"], "article_id"=>975466, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences"], "users"=>["Christian C. Evans", "Kathy J. LePard", "Jeff W. Kwak", "Mary C. Stancukas", "Samantha Laskowski", "Joseph Dougherty", "Laura Moulton", "Adam Glawe", "Yunwei Wang", "Vanessa Leone", "Dionysios A. Antonopoulos", "Dan Smith", "Eugene B. Chang", "Mae J. Ciancio"], "doi"=>["https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0092193.g003"], "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>0, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Beta_Diversity_is_Elevated_by_HF_Diet_and_Exercise_/975466", "title"=>"Beta Diversity is Elevated by HF Diet and Exercise.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2014-03-26 03:28:59"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1436585"], "description"=>"<p>At week 12, diet and activity changed the levels of two major and two minor phyla of bacteria. Data were analyzed by 2-way ANOVA with a Sidak post hoc test. Significant differences indicated as follows: “*” p<0.05 for diet effect, “†” p<0.05 activity effect and “‡” p<0.05 diet and activity interaction. n = 6 mice/group.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["Biochemistry", "metabolism", "Energy metabolism", "Computational biology", "genetics", "genomics", "metagenomics", "microbiology", "nutrition", "physiology", "Physiological parameters", "Body weight", "obesity", "Physiological processes", "systems biology", "Gastroenterology and hepatology", "Metabolic disorders", "Public and occupational health", "Behavioral and social aspects of health", "preventive medicine", "Sports and exercise medicine"], "article_id"=>975468, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences"], "users"=>["Christian C. Evans", "Kathy J. LePard", "Jeff W. Kwak", "Mary C. Stancukas", "Samantha Laskowski", "Joseph Dougherty", "Laura Moulton", "Adam Glawe", "Yunwei Wang", "Vanessa Leone", "Dionysios A. Antonopoulos", "Dan Smith", "Eugene B. Chang", "Mae J. Ciancio"], "doi"=>["https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0092193.g004"], "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>0, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Phylum_Level_Changes_with_Diet_and_Activity_/975468", "title"=>"Phylum Level Changes with Diet and Activity.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2014-03-26 03:28:59"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1436586"], "description"=>"<p>A. The fold change in Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes was determined from the 2^−ΔΔCt values calculated from the ΔCt values generated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) using primers specific to each phyla (one-way ANOVA). B. Criterion validity of qPCR was examined by correlating the ΔCt-Bacteroidetes: ΔCt-Firmicutes ratio with the %-Bacteroidetes: %- Firmicutes ratios from sequencing. Data was analyzed by Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient and alpha level of p<0.05.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["Biochemistry", "metabolism", "Energy metabolism", "Computational biology", "genetics", "genomics", "metagenomics", "microbiology", "nutrition", "physiology", "Physiological parameters", "Body weight", "obesity", "Physiological processes", "systems biology", "Gastroenterology and hepatology", "Metabolic disorders", "Public and occupational health", "Behavioral and social aspects of health", "preventive medicine", "Sports and exercise medicine", "altered", "bacteroidetes"], "article_id"=>975470, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences"], "users"=>["Christian C. Evans", "Kathy J. LePard", "Jeff W. Kwak", "Mary C. Stancukas", "Samantha Laskowski", "Joseph Dougherty", "Laura Moulton", "Adam Glawe", "Yunwei Wang", "Vanessa Leone", "Dionysios A. Antonopoulos", "Dan Smith", "Eugene B. Chang", "Mae J. Ciancio"], "doi"=>["https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0092193.g005"], "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>0, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Diet_and_Activity_Altered_the_Relative_Level_of_Bacteroidetes_and_Firmicutes_/975470", "title"=>"Diet and Activity Altered the Relative Level of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2014-03-26 03:28:59"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1436588"], "description"=>"<p>There was a significant, but modest inverse relationship between the ΔCt Bacteroidetes: ΔCt Firmicutes ratio and the distance recorded for the combined LF/Ex and HF/Ex mice. Data analyzed by Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient with an alpha level of p<0.05. n = 6 all groups.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["Biochemistry", "metabolism", "Energy metabolism", "Computational biology", "genetics", "genomics", "metagenomics", "microbiology", "nutrition", "physiology", "Physiological parameters", "Body weight", "obesity", "Physiological processes", "systems biology", "Gastroenterology and hepatology", "Metabolic disorders", "Public and occupational health", "Behavioral and social aspects of health", "preventive medicine", "Sports and exercise medicine", "firmicutes", "correlates"], "article_id"=>975472, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences"], "users"=>["Christian C. Evans", "Kathy J. LePard", "Jeff W. Kwak", "Mary C. Stancukas", "Samantha Laskowski", "Joseph Dougherty", "Laura Moulton", "Adam Glawe", "Yunwei Wang", "Vanessa Leone", "Dionysios A. Antonopoulos", "Dan Smith", "Eugene B. Chang", "Mae J. Ciancio"], "doi"=>["https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0092193.g006"], "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>0, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_916_Ct_Bacteroidetes_916_Ct_Firmicutes_Ratio_Correlates_with_Exercise_Distance_/975472", "title"=>"ΔCt Bacteroidetes: ΔCt Firmicutes Ratio Correlates with Exercise Distance.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2014-03-26 03:28:59"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1436590"], "description"=>"<p>Family level changes within the Firmicutes phyla were identified from sequencing the 16S rRNA gene from samples at week 12 of the diet and activity protocol. A. Three members of the Clostridia class were altered by the diet and activity protocol: <i>Clostridiaceae</i>, <i>Lachnospiraceae</i>, and <i>Ruminococcaceae</i>. B. Two members of the Bacilli class were altered by the diet and activity protocol: <i>Lactobacillaceae</i> and <i>Turicibacteraceae</i>. C. One family was altered within the <i>Erysipelotrichi</i> class by diet and activity: <i>Erysipelotrichaceae</i>. Data were analyzed by 2-way ANOVA with a Sidak post hoc test. Significant differences indicated as follows: “*” p<0.05 for diet effect, “†” p<0.05 activity effect and “‡” p<0.05 diet and activity interaction. n = 6 mice/group.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["Biochemistry", "metabolism", "Energy metabolism", "Computational biology", "genetics", "genomics", "metagenomics", "microbiology", "nutrition", "physiology", "Physiological parameters", "Body weight", "obesity", "Physiological processes", "systems biology", "Gastroenterology and hepatology", "Metabolic disorders", "Public and occupational health", "Behavioral and social aspects of health", "preventive medicine", "Sports and exercise medicine", "altered", "firmicutes"], "article_id"=>975474, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences"], "users"=>["Christian C. Evans", "Kathy J. LePard", "Jeff W. Kwak", "Mary C. Stancukas", "Samantha Laskowski", "Joseph Dougherty", "Laura Moulton", "Adam Glawe", "Yunwei Wang", "Vanessa Leone", "Dionysios A. Antonopoulos", "Dan Smith", "Eugene B. Chang", "Mae J. Ciancio"], "doi"=>["https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0092193.g007"], "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>0, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Diet_and_Activity_Altered_Firmicutes_at_the_Family_Level_/975474", "title"=>"Diet and Activity Altered Firmicutes at the Family Level.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2014-03-26 03:28:59"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1436592"], "description"=>"<p>Family level taxonomic groups were identified from sequencing 16S rDNA at week 12 of the diet and activity protocol. A. Within the phylum Bacteroidetes, the class Bacteroidia had one family that was altered by diet and activity: <i>S24-7</i>. B. Within the Actinobacteria phylum and class, one family was altered by diet and activity: <i>Bifidobacteriaceae</i>. C. Within the Proteobacteria phylum, the class Deltaproteobacteria had one family that demonstrated a trend toward an effect of diet and activity: <i>Desulfovibrionaceae</i>. Data were analyzed by 2-way ANOVA with a Sidak post hoc test. Significant differences indicated as follows: “*” p<0.05 for diet effect, “†” p<0.05 activity effect and “‡” p<0.05 diet and activity interaction. n = 6 mice/group.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["Biochemistry", "metabolism", "Energy metabolism", "Computational biology", "genetics", "genomics", "metagenomics", "microbiology", "nutrition", "physiology", "Physiological parameters", "Body weight", "obesity", "Physiological processes", "systems biology", "Gastroenterology and hepatology", "Metabolic disorders", "Public and occupational health", "Behavioral and social aspects of health", "preventive medicine", "Sports and exercise medicine", "altered", "actinobacteria", "proteobacteria"], "article_id"=>975476, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences"], "users"=>["Christian C. Evans", "Kathy J. LePard", "Jeff W. Kwak", "Mary C. Stancukas", "Samantha Laskowski", "Joseph Dougherty", "Laura Moulton", "Adam Glawe", "Yunwei Wang", "Vanessa Leone", "Dionysios A. Antonopoulos", "Dan Smith", "Eugene B. Chang", "Mae J. Ciancio"], "doi"=>["https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0092193.g008"], "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>0, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Diet_and_Activity_Altered_Families_within_the_Bacteroidetes_Actinobacteria_and_Proteobacteria_Phyla_/975476", "title"=>"Diet and Activity Altered Families within the Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria Phyla.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2014-03-26 03:28:59"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1436594"], "description"=>"<p>Data represent mean ± SEM. For the low fat/exercise group, one mouse died prior to harvesting tissues. Statistically significant diet effect indicated by * and activity effect by ^† based on a two-way ANOVA with a Sidak post hoc test.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["Biochemistry", "metabolism", "Energy metabolism", "Computational biology", "genetics", "genomics", "metagenomics", "microbiology", "nutrition", "physiology", "Physiological parameters", "Body weight", "obesity", "Physiological processes", "systems biology", "Gastroenterology and hepatology", "Metabolic disorders", "Public and occupational health", "Behavioral and social aspects of health", "preventive medicine", "Sports and exercise medicine"], "article_id"=>975478, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences"], "users"=>["Christian C. Evans", "Kathy J. LePard", "Jeff W. Kwak", "Mary C. Stancukas", "Samantha Laskowski", "Joseph Dougherty", "Laura Moulton", "Adam Glawe", "Yunwei Wang", "Vanessa Leone", "Dionysios A. Antonopoulos", "Dan Smith", "Eugene B. Chang", "Mae J. Ciancio"], "doi"=>["https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0092193.t001"], "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>0, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Body_and_fat_weight_exercise_distance_food_intake_heart_and_muscle_weight_and_gut_transit_/975478", "title"=>"Body and fat weight, exercise distance, food intake, heart and muscle weight and gut transit.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>3, "published_date"=>"2014-03-26 03:28:59"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1436595", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1436597", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1436598", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1436599", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1436600", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1436601", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1436602", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1436603"], "description"=>"<div><p>Background</p><p>Diet-induced obesity (DIO) is a significant health concern which has been linked to structural and functional changes in the gut microbiota. Exercise (Ex) is effective in preventing obesity, but whether Ex alters the gut microbiota during development with high fat (HF) feeding is unknown.</p><p>Objective</p><p>Determine the effects of voluntary Ex on the gastrointestinal microbiota in LF-fed mice and in HF-DIO.</p><p>Methods</p><p>Male C57BL/6 littermates (5 weeks) were distributed equally into 4 groups: low fat (LF) sedentary (Sed) LF/Sed, LF/Ex, HF/Sed and HF/Ex. Mice were individually housed and LF/Ex and HF/Ex cages were equipped with a wheel and odometer to record Ex. Fecal samples were collected at baseline, 6 weeks and 12 weeks and used for bacterial DNA isolation. DNA was subjected both to quantitative PCR using primers specific to the 16S rRNA encoding genes for Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes and to sequencing for lower taxonomic identification using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Data were analyzed using a one or two-way ANOVA or Pearson correlation.</p><p>Results</p><p>HF diet resulted in significantly greater body weight and adiposity as well as decreased glucose tolerance that were prevented by voluntary Ex (p<0.05). Visualization of Unifrac distance data with principal coordinates analysis indicated clustering by both diet and Ex at week 12. Sequencing demonstrated Ex-induced changes in the percentage of major bacterial phyla at 12 weeks. A correlation between total Ex distance and the ΔCt Bacteroidetes: ΔCt Firmicutes ratio from qPCR demonstrated a significant inverse correlation (r² = 0.35, p = 0.043).</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>Ex induces a unique shift in the gut microbiota that is different from dietary effects. Microbiota changes may play a role in Ex prevention of HF-DIO.</p></div>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["Biochemistry", "metabolism", "Energy metabolism", "Computational biology", "genetics", "genomics", "metagenomics", "microbiology", "nutrition", "physiology", "Physiological parameters", "Body weight", "obesity", "Physiological processes", "systems biology", "Gastroenterology and hepatology", "Metabolic disorders", "Public and occupational health", "Behavioral and social aspects of health", "preventive medicine", "Sports and exercise medicine", "prevents", "alters", "microbiota", "diet-induced"], "article_id"=>975479, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences"], "users"=>["Christian C. Evans", "Kathy J. LePard", "Jeff W. Kwak", "Mary C. Stancukas", "Samantha Laskowski", "Joseph Dougherty", "Laura Moulton", "Adam Glawe", "Yunwei Wang", "Vanessa Leone", "Dionysios A. Antonopoulos", "Dan Smith", "Eugene B. Chang", "Mae J. Ciancio"], "doi"=>["https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0092193.s001", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0092193.s002", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0092193.s003", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0092193.s004", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0092193.s005", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0092193.s006", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0092193.s007", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0092193.s008"], "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>0, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Exercise_Prevents_Weight_Gain_and_Alters_the_Gut_Microbiota_in_a_Mouse_Model_of_High_Fat_Diet_Induced_Obesity_/975479", "title"=>"Exercise Prevents Weight Gain and Alters the Gut Microbiota in a Mouse Model of High Fat Diet-Induced Obesity", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>4, "published_date"=>"2014-03-26 03:28:59"}

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Relative Metric

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