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{"title"=>"A longitudinal assessment of sleep timing, circadian phase, and phase angle of entrainment across human adolescence", "type"=>"journal", "authors"=>[{"first_name"=>"Stephanie J.", "last_name"=>"Crowley", "scopus_author_id"=>"7005998644"}, {"first_name"=>"Eliza", "last_name"=>"Van Reen", "scopus_author_id"=>"8513612800"}, {"first_name"=>"Monique K.", "last_name"=>"LeBourgeois", "scopus_author_id"=>"55127246400"}, {"first_name"=>"Christine", "last_name"=>"Acebo", "scopus_author_id"=>"6603871477"}, {"first_name"=>"Leila", "last_name"=>"Tarokh", "scopus_author_id"=>"6503925786"}, {"first_name"=>"Ronald", "last_name"=>"Seifer", "scopus_author_id"=>"7004692503"}, {"first_name"=>"David H.", "last_name"=>"Barker", "scopus_author_id"=>"35730090700"}, {"first_name"=>"Mary A.", "last_name"=>"Carskadon", "scopus_author_id"=>"7004290450"}], "year"=>2014, "source"=>"PLoS ONE", "identifiers"=>{"pmid"=>"25380248", "doi"=>"10.1371/journal.pone.0112199", "sgr"=>"84915750912", "isbn"=>"1932-6203 (Electronic)\\r1932-6203 (Linking)", "scopus"=>"2-s2.0-84915750912", "issn"=>"19326203", "pui"=>"600658733"}, "id"=>"ab9af766-45ab-3845-a19e-6e71c1d515cf", "abstract"=>"The aim of this descriptive analysis was to examine sleep timing, circadian phase, and phase angle of entrainment across adolescence in a longitudinal study design. Ninety-four adolescents participated; 38 (21 boys) were 9-10 years (\"younger cohort\") and 56 (30 boys) were 15-16 years (\"older cohort\") at the baseline assessment. Participants completed a baseline and then follow-up assessments approximately every six months for 2.5 years. At each assessment, participants wore a wrist actigraph for at least one week at home to measure self-selected sleep timing before salivary dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) phase - a marker of the circadian timing system - was measured in the laboratory. Weekday and weekend sleep onset and offset and weekend-weekday differences were derived from actigraphy. Phase angles were the time durations from DLMO to weekday sleep onset and offset times. Each cohort showed later sleep onset (weekend and weekday), later weekend sleep offset, and later DLMO with age. Weekday sleep offset shifted earlier with age in the younger cohort and later in the older cohort after age 17. Weekend-weekday sleep offset differences increased with age in the younger cohort and decreased in the older cohort after age 17. DLMO to sleep offset phase angle narrowed with age in the younger cohort and became broader in the older cohort. The older cohort had a wider sleep onset phase angle compared to the younger cohort; however, an age-related phase angle increase was seen in the younger cohort only. Individual differences were seen in these developmental trajectories. This descriptive study indicated that circadian phase and self-selected sleep delayed across adolescence, though school-day sleep offset advanced until no longer in high school, whereupon offset was later. Phase angle changes are described as an interaction of developmental changes in sleep regulation interacting with psychosocial factors (e.g., bedtime autonomy).", "link"=>"http://www.mendeley.com/research/longitudinal-assessment-sleep-timing-circadian-phase-phase-angle-entrainment-across-human-adolescenc", "reader_count"=>87, "reader_count_by_academic_status"=>{"Unspecified"=>2, "Professor > Associate Professor"=>7, "Librarian"=>2, "Researcher"=>16, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>5, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>17, "Student > Postgraduate"=>11, "Student > Master"=>17, "Other"=>2, "Student > Bachelor"=>4, "Lecturer"=>2, "Lecturer > Senior Lecturer"=>1, "Professor"=>1}, "reader_count_by_user_role"=>{"Unspecified"=>2, "Professor > Associate Professor"=>7, "Librarian"=>2, "Researcher"=>16, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>5, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>17, "Student > Postgraduate"=>11, "Student > Master"=>17, "Other"=>2, "Student > Bachelor"=>4, "Lecturer"=>2, "Lecturer > Senior Lecturer"=>1, "Professor"=>1}, "reader_count_by_subject_area"=>{"Unspecified"=>8, "Nursing and Health Professions"=>1, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>26, "Medicine and Dentistry"=>19, "Design"=>2, "Neuroscience"=>4, "Sports and Recreations"=>1, "Psychology"=>21, "Social Sciences"=>4, "Computer Science"=>1}, "reader_count_by_subdiscipline"=>{"Design"=>{"Design"=>2}, "Medicine and Dentistry"=>{"Medicine and Dentistry"=>19}, "Neuroscience"=>{"Neuroscience"=>4}, "Social Sciences"=>{"Social Sciences"=>4}, "Sports and Recreations"=>{"Sports and Recreations"=>1}, "Psychology"=>{"Psychology"=>21}, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>{"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"=>26}, "Computer Science"=>{"Computer Science"=>1}, "Nursing and Health Professions"=>{"Nursing and Health Professions"=>1}, "Unspecified"=>{"Unspecified"=>8}}, "reader_count_by_country"=>{"Republic of Singapore"=>1, "Japan"=>1, "Brazil"=>1, "Germany"=>1, "Russia"=>1, "India"=>1, "Spain"=>1}, "group_count"=>3}

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• {"id"=>"531368213834371072", "text"=>"Langdurig onderzoek waarbij kinderen gevolgd werden levert argumenten ´s morgens later middelbare school te beginnen. http://t.co/meMaUfE4ha", "created_at"=>"2014-11-09T08:50:29Z", "user"=>"IvanWolffers", "user_name"=>"Ivan Wolffers", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/378800000389092470/cbd4e423986be90705bd78b2a4fdc23f_normal.jpeg"}
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• {"id"=>"531373321343209473", "text"=>"RT @IvanWolffers: Langdurig onderzoek waarbij kinderen gevolgd werden levert argumenten ´s morgens later middelbare school te beginnen. htt…", "created_at"=>"2014-11-09T09:10:46Z", "user"=>"nicolekrenning", "user_name"=>"Nicole Krenning", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/514710348117860352/hoEW4ovy_normal.jpeg"}
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• {"id"=>"531382846905384962", "text"=>"RT @IvanWolffers: Langdurig onderzoek waarbij kinderen gevolgd werden levert argumenten ´s morgens later middelbare school te beginnen. htt…", "created_at"=>"2014-11-09T09:48:38Z", "user"=>"elkelouwers", "user_name"=>"Elke Louwers", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1531171924/foto_def_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"531428077684142081", "text"=>"RT @IvanWolffers: Langdurig onderzoek waarbij kinderen gevolgd werden levert argumenten ´s morgens later middelbare school te beginnen. htt…", "created_at"=>"2014-11-09T12:48:21Z", "user"=>"Kinderslaapdocs", "user_name"=>"Kinderslaapdokter", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/378800000394447126/d7fa8a2ccd0b29bfb36b5875376bf22e_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"531454440063381504", "text"=>"@kikaax_ onderzoek waarbij kinderen gevolgd werden levert argumenten ´s morgens later middelbare school te beginnen. http://t.co/PJLBfuKIg0", "created_at"=>"2014-11-09T14:33:07Z", "user"=>"stiobhan67", "user_name"=>"stefan ", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1177561168/5alive_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"531457449023528960", "text"=>"RT @IvanWolffers: Langdurig onderzoek waarbij kinderen gevolgd werden levert argumenten ´s morgens later middelbare school te beginnen. htt…", "created_at"=>"2014-11-09T14:45:04Z", "user"=>"IngeHamming", "user_name"=>"Inge Hamming", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1512579167/pasfoto_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"531488655047942144", "text"=>"RT @IvanWolffers: Langdurig onderzoek waarbij kinderen gevolgd werden levert argumenten ´s morgens later middelbare school te beginnen. htt…", "created_at"=>"2014-11-09T16:49:04Z", "user"=>"arianneripmees", "user_name"=>"Arianne Ripmeester", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/502524107234496513/tz2HL_Ht_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"531524968203681792", "text"=>"RT @IvanWolffers: Langdurig onderzoek waarbij kinderen gevolgd werden levert argumenten ´s morgens later middelbare school te beginnen. htt…", "created_at"=>"2014-11-09T19:13:22Z", "user"=>"MarianvdBrink", "user_name"=>"Marian van den Brink", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/2849650206/7a9fedaa20c0f526c2f7f194b3512844_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"531818953996500992", "text"=>"Adolescent sleep - Read more about it: http://t.co/LAaWxVEjrW", "created_at"=>"2014-11-10T14:41:34Z", "user"=>"SleepKid", "user_name"=>"David Gozal", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1334490164/uch1001260-3_normal.jpg"}
• {"id"=>"531850900252688384", "text"=>"RT @IvanWolffers: Langdurig onderzoek waarbij kinderen gevolgd werden levert argumenten ´s morgens later middelbare school te beginnen. htt…", "created_at"=>"2014-11-10T16:48:30Z", "user"=>"M3008", "user_name"=>"Mamiek", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/429345420775411712/570ZUfwY_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"532612346691457024", "text"=>"Elever gynnas av senare skolmorgnar. Känns logiskt. http://t.co/7q7hudvxuW", "created_at"=>"2014-11-12T19:14:13Z", "user"=>"mooler111", "user_name"=>"Niklas Möller", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/462674292321583105/mBeZMMXm_normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"538199969636048896", "text"=>"Early school start times interfere with their tendency to sleep later, reducing their total sleep via @PLOSONE http://t.co/xSKHMjy1Uo", "created_at"=>"2014-11-28T05:17:26Z", "user"=>"MU_Peter", "user_name"=>"MU - Peter Shimon", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/509905532262432768/GfAVdH___normal.jpeg"}
• {"id"=>"538200460994150400", "text"=>"RT @MU_Peter: Early school start times interfere with their tendency to sleep later, reducing their total sleep via @PLOSONE http://t.co/xS…", "created_at"=>"2014-11-28T05:19:23Z", "user"=>"DJPMoore", "user_name"=>"Dave Moore", "user_profile_image"=>"http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/3193103097/c4615c54ca1187a71939907814edd8e3_normal.jpeg"}

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Figshare

• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1784480"], "description"=>"<p>Sleep onset and offset differences between weekends and weekdays (C and F) illustrate when participants slept earlier (<0) or later (>0) on weekends compared to weekdays. The younger cohort (9–13 years) is on the left and the older cohort (15–19 years) is on the right of each plot.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["light melatonin onset", "age 17. DLMO", "Phase angle changes", "onset phase angle", "circadian phase", "cohort", "phase angle"], "article_id"=>1233040, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences", "Science Policy"], "users"=>["Stephanie J. Crowley", "Eliza Van Reen", "Monique K. LeBourgeois", "Christine Acebo", "Leila Tarokh", "Ronald Seifer", "David H. Barker", "Mary A. Carskadon"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0112199.g001", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>4, "page_views"=>19, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Modeled_developmental_trajectories_bold_line_and_individual_trajectories_thin_lines_for_actigraphically_estimated_sleep_onset_and_offset_on_weekdays_A_and_D_and_weekends_B_and_E_in_the_proximal_7_days_before_DLMO_phase_was_measured_in_both_cohorts_/1233040", "title"=>"Modeled developmental trajectories (bold line) and individual trajectories (thin lines) for actigraphically estimated sleep onset and offset on weekdays (A and D) and weekends (B and E) in the proximal 7 days before DLMO phase was measured in both cohorts.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2014-11-07 03:56:47"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1784481"], "description"=>"<p>A negative DLMO phase angle to sleep onset indicates when the DLMO occurred after weekday sleep onset.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["light melatonin onset", "age 17. DLMO", "Phase angle changes", "onset phase angle", "circadian phase", "cohort", "phase angle"], "article_id"=>1233041, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences", "Science Policy"], "users"=>["Stephanie J. Crowley", "Eliza Van Reen", "Monique K. LeBourgeois", "Christine Acebo", "Leila Tarokh", "Ronald Seifer", "David H. Barker", "Mary A. Carskadon"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0112199.g002", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>6, "page_views"=>16, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Modeled_developmental_trajectories_bold_line_and_individual_trajectories_thin_lines_for_DLMO_phase_A_DLMO_phase_angle_to_sleep_onset_B_and_DLMO_phase_angle_to_sleep_offset_C_/1233041", "title"=>"Modeled developmental trajectories (bold line) and individual trajectories (thin lines) for DLMO phase (A), DLMO phase angle to sleep onset (B), and DLMO phase angle to sleep offset (C).", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2014-11-07 03:56:47"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1784482"], "description"=>"<p>Black horizontal bars illustrate average sleep times for each cohort (younger: 21:55–06:35; older: 23:02–06:40). Bold lines illustrate sleep pressure accumulation and dissipation functions predicted by the homeostatic sleep system. The upward facing arrow indicates the average DLMO phase for each age group (younger: 20:42; older: 20:54), and the right-facing block arrow shows the interval between DLMO phase and sleep onset (phase angle to sleep onset). Based on previous modeling work, <a href=\"http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0112199#pone.0112199-Jenni1\" target=\"_blank\">[27]</a> the saturating exponential function reaches it maximum more quickly and therefore at an earlier clock time in the younger cohort compared to the older cohort. We propose that the older adolescents are able to stay awake for a longer period of time (∼2 h) after DLMO phase compared to the younger adolescents (∼1 h) because of this developmental difference in homeostatic sleep pressure at the end of the waking day.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["light melatonin onset", "age 17. DLMO", "Phase angle changes", "onset phase angle", "circadian phase", "cohort", "phase angle"], "article_id"=>1233042, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences", "Science Policy"], "users"=>["Stephanie J. Crowley", "Eliza Van Reen", "Monique K. LeBourgeois", "Christine Acebo", "Leila Tarokh", "Ronald Seifer", "David H. Barker", "Mary A. Carskadon"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0112199.g003", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>1, "page_views"=>28, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_A_proposed_model_to_explain_phase_angle_to_sleep_onset_differences_in_the_younger_top_and_older_bottom_adolescent_cohorts_/1233042", "title"=>"A proposed model to explain phase angle to sleep onset differences in the younger (top) and older (bottom) adolescent cohorts.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2014-11-07 03:56:47"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1784483"], "description"=>"a<p>Participants transitioned from Tanner 1 to 2 at 10 years (n = 5), 11 years (n = 6), and 12 years (n = 5).</p>b<p>Participants transitioned from Tanner 1 to 3 at 11 years (n = 1).</p>c<p>Participants transitioned from Tanner 2 to 3 at 12 years (n = 1) and 13 years (n = 1).</p>d<p>Participants transitioned from Tanner 3 to 4 at 11 years (n = 2), 13 years (n = 1), and 15 years (n = 1).</p>e<p>Participants transitioned from Tanner 3 to 5 at 11 years (n = 2).</p>f<p>Participants transitioned from Tanner 4 to 5 at 15 years (n = 3) and 16 years (n = 1).</p><p>Notes: if more than one Morningness/Eveningness score was collected at each age, then the mean score was used; Tanner stage was unavailable for 1 participant at ages 9, 11, and 13 years, and for 2 participants at age 15 years.</p><p>Demographics by individual at each age in the younger and older cohorts.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["light melatonin onset", "age 17. DLMO", "Phase angle changes", "onset phase angle", "circadian phase", "cohort", "phase angle"], "article_id"=>1233043, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences", "Science Policy"], "users"=>["Stephanie J. Crowley", "Eliza Van Reen", "Monique K. LeBourgeois", "Christine Acebo", "Leila Tarokh", "Ronald Seifer", "David H. Barker", "Mary A. Carskadon"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0112199.t001", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>13, "page_views"=>11, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Demographics_by_individual_at_each_age_in_the_younger_and_older_cohorts_/1233043", "title"=>"Demographics by individual at each age in the younger and older cohorts.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>3, "published_date"=>"2014-11-07 03:56:47"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1784484"], "description"=>"<p>Notes: These data are from 94 participants (N = 38 in the younger cohort; N = 56 in the older cohort) who contributed on average 4.29 assessments range (1 to 6). Three observations at age 19 were included in the 18+ category.</p><p>Means (SDs) for actigraphic sleep and circadian outcomes by age in the younger and older cohorts.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["light melatonin onset", "age 17. DLMO", "Phase angle changes", "onset phase angle", "circadian phase", "cohort", "phase angle"], "article_id"=>1233044, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences", "Science Policy"], "users"=>["Stephanie J. Crowley", "Eliza Van Reen", "Monique K. LeBourgeois", "Christine Acebo", "Leila Tarokh", "Ronald Seifer", "David H. Barker", "Mary A. Carskadon"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0112199.t002", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>4, "page_views"=>15, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Means_SDs_for_actigraphic_sleep_and_circadian_outcomes_by_age_in_the_younger_and_older_cohorts_/1233044", "title"=>"Means (SDs) for actigraphic sleep and circadian outcomes by age in the younger and older cohorts.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>3, "published_date"=>"2014-11-07 03:56:47"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1784485"], "description"=>"<div><p>The aim of this descriptive analysis was to examine sleep timing, circadian phase, and phase angle of entrainment across adolescence in a longitudinal study design. Ninety-four adolescents participated; 38 (21 boys) were 9–10 years (“younger cohort”) and 56 (30 boys) were 15–16 years (“older cohort”) at the baseline assessment. Participants completed a baseline and then follow-up assessments approximately every six months for 2.5 years. At each assessment, participants wore a wrist actigraph for at least one week at home to measure self-selected sleep timing before salivary dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) phase – a marker of the circadian timing system – was measured in the laboratory. Weekday and weekend sleep onset and offset and weekend-weekday differences were derived from actigraphy. Phase angles were the time durations from DLMO to weekday sleep onset and offset times. Each cohort showed later sleep onset (weekend and weekday), later weekend sleep offset, and later DLMO with age. Weekday sleep offset shifted earlier with age in the younger cohort and later in the older cohort after age 17. Weekend-weekday sleep offset differences increased with age in the younger cohort and decreased in the older cohort after age 17. DLMO to sleep offset phase angle narrowed with age in the younger cohort and became broader in the older cohort. The older cohort had a wider sleep onset phase angle compared to the younger cohort; however, an age-related phase angle increase was seen in the younger cohort only. Individual differences were seen in these developmental trajectories. This descriptive study indicated that circadian phase and self-selected sleep delayed across adolescence, though school-day sleep offset advanced until no longer in high school, whereupon offset was later. Phase angle changes are described as an interaction of developmental changes in sleep regulation interacting with psychosocial factors (e.g., bedtime autonomy).</p></div>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["light melatonin onset", "age 17. DLMO", "Phase angle changes", "onset phase angle", "circadian phase", "cohort", "phase angle"], "article_id"=>1233045, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences", "Science Policy"], "users"=>["Stephanie J. Crowley", "Eliza Van Reen", "Monique K. LeBourgeois", "Christine Acebo", "Leila Tarokh", "Ronald Seifer", "David H. Barker", "Mary A. Carskadon"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0112199", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>1, "page_views"=>20, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_A_Longitudinal_Assessment_of_Sleep_Timing_Circadian_Phase_and_Phase_Angle_of_Entrainment_across_Human_Adolescence_/1233045", "title"=>"A Longitudinal Assessment of Sleep Timing, Circadian Phase, and Phase Angle of Entrainment across Human Adolescence", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>3, "published_date"=>"2014-11-07 03:56:47"}

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Relative Metric

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F1000Prime