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{"title"=>"Testing the validity and reliability of the Shame Questionnaire among sexually abused girls in Zambia", "type"=>"journal", "authors"=>[{"first_name"=>"Lynn T.M.", "last_name"=>"Michalopoulos", "scopus_author_id"=>"54401424400"}, {"first_name"=>"Laura K.", "last_name"=>"Murray", "scopus_author_id"=>"12798633400"}, {"first_name"=>"Jeremy C.", "last_name"=>"Kane", "scopus_author_id"=>"56153370100"}, {"first_name"=>"Stephanie Skavenski", "last_name"=>"Van Wyk", "scopus_author_id"=>"55758753800"}, {"first_name"=>"Elwyn", "last_name"=>"Chomba", "scopus_author_id"=>"15821889400"}, {"first_name"=>"Judith", "last_name"=>"Cohen", "scopus_author_id"=>"24572894600"}, {"first_name"=>"Mwiya", "last_name"=>"Imasiku", "scopus_author_id"=>"36801635000"}, {"first_name"=>"Katherine", "last_name"=>"Semrau", "scopus_author_id"=>"6603281616"}, {"first_name"=>"Jay", "last_name"=>"Unick", "scopus_author_id"=>"12807894500"}, {"first_name"=>"Paul A.", "last_name"=>"Bolton", "scopus_author_id"=>"7101689318"}], "year"=>2015, "source"=>"PLoS ONE", "identifiers"=>{"pmid"=>"25879658", "issn"=>"19326203", "sgr"=>"84928253084", "pui"=>"603861574", "scopus"=>"2-s2.0-84928253084", "isbn"=>"1932-6203", "doi"=>"10.1371/journal.pone.0123820"}, "id"=>"08a8511d-bfdb-309f-836f-f6b462e5b780", "abstract"=>"Purpose The aim of the current study is to test the validity and reliability of the Shame Questionnaire among traumatized girls in Lusaka, Zambia. Methods The Shame Questionnaire was validated through both classical test and item response theory methods. Internal reliability, criterion validity and construct validity were examined among a sample of 325 female children living in Zambia. Sub-analyses were conducted to examine differences in construct validity among girls who reported sexual abuse and girls who did not. Results All girls in the sample were sexually abused, but only 61.5% endorsed or reported that sexual abuse had occurred. Internal consistency was very good among the sample with alpha = .87. Criterion validity was demonstrated through a significant difference of mean Shame Questionnaire scores between girls who experienced 0–1 trauma events and more than one traumatic event, with higher mean Shame Questionnaire scores among girls who had more than one traumatic event (p = .004 for 0–1 compared to 2 and 3 events and p = .016 for 0–1 compared to 4+ events). Girls who reported a history of witnessing or experiencing physical abuse had a significantly higher mean Shame Questionnaire score than girls who did not report a history of witnessing or experiencing physical abuse (p<.0001). There was no significant difference in mean Shame Questionnaire score between girls who reported a sexual abuse history and girls who did not. Exploratory factor analysis indicated a two-factor model of the Shame Questionnaire, with an experience of shame dimension and an active outcomes of shame dimension. Item response theory analysis indicated adequate overall item fit. Results also indicate potential differences in construct validity between girls who did and did not endorse sexual abuse. Conclusions This study suggests the general utility of the Shame Questionnaire among Zambian girls and demonstrates the need for more psychometric studies in low and middle income countries.", "link"=>"http://www.mendeley.com/research/testing-validity-reliability-shame-questionnaire-among-sexually-abused-girls-zambia", "reader_count"=>33, "reader_count_by_academic_status"=>{"Unspecified"=>3, "Professor > Associate Professor"=>1, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>2, "Researcher"=>6, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>8, "Student > Master"=>2, "Other"=>3, "Student > Bachelor"=>7, "Lecturer"=>1}, "reader_count_by_user_role"=>{"Unspecified"=>3, "Professor > Associate Professor"=>1, "Student > Doctoral Student"=>2, "Researcher"=>6, "Student > Ph. D. Student"=>8, "Student > Master"=>2, "Other"=>3, "Student > Bachelor"=>7, "Lecturer"=>1}, "reader_count_by_subject_area"=>{"Unspecified"=>7, "Environmental Science"=>1, "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>1, "Nursing and Health Professions"=>1, "Medicine and Dentistry"=>5, "Philosophy"=>1, "Psychology"=>8, "Social Sciences"=>8, "Computer Science"=>1}, "reader_count_by_subdiscipline"=>{"Medicine and Dentistry"=>{"Medicine and Dentistry"=>5}, "Social Sciences"=>{"Social Sciences"=>8}, "Psychology"=>{"Psychology"=>8}, "Computer Science"=>{"Computer Science"=>1}, "Nursing and Health Professions"=>{"Nursing and Health Professions"=>1}, "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>{"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"=>1}, "Unspecified"=>{"Unspecified"=>7}, "Environmental Science"=>{"Environmental Science"=>1}, "Philosophy"=>{"Philosophy"=>1}}, "reader_count_by_country"=>{"Mexico"=>1}, "group_count"=>6}

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• http://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-017-0369-z
• http://doi.org/10.1177/1524838018772293
• http://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12623
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.06.026
• http://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-018-2047-z
• http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbct.2020.03.001
• http://doi.org/10.1007/s12187-018-9570-3

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Figshare

• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/2024158"], "description"=>"<p>Evaluation of Criterion Validity: Analysis of Variance Comparing the Shame Questionnaire Score Between Number of Traumatic Event Types.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["Zambia PurposeThe aim", "Sexually Abused Girls", ".87. Criterion validity", "item response theory methods", "Zambia.MethodsThe Shame Questionnaire", "Shame Questionnaire score", "shame dimension", "Exploratory factor analysis", "Shame Questionnaire", "middle income countries", "abuse", "Shame Questionnaire scores", "Item response theory analysis"], "article_id"=>1382336, "categories"=>["Uncategorised"], "users"=>["Lynn T. M. Michalopoulos", "Laura K. Murray", "Jeremy C. Kane", "Stephanie Skavenski van Wyk", "Elwyn Chomba", "Judith Cohen", "Mwiya Imasiku", "Katherine Semrau", "Jay Unick", "Paul A. Bolton"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0123820.t003", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>2, "page_views"=>47, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Evaluation_of_Criterion_Validity_Analysis_of_Variance_Comparing_the_Shame_Questionnaire_Score_Between_Number_of_Traumatic_Event_Types_/1382336", "title"=>"Evaluation of Criterion Validity: Analysis of Variance Comparing the Shame Questionnaire Score Between Number of Traumatic Event Types.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>3, "published_date"=>"2015-04-16 03:10:49"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/2024156"], "description"=>"<p>Variable codes for trauma event types: Experiencing physical assault or violence-P; Experiencing sexual assault or violence-S; Witnessing physical assault or violence- W.</p><p>Female Child Participant Demographics and Scale Scores (n = 325).</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["Zambia PurposeThe aim", "Sexually Abused Girls", ".87. Criterion validity", "item response theory methods", "Zambia.MethodsThe Shame Questionnaire", "Shame Questionnaire score", "shame dimension", "Exploratory factor analysis", "Shame Questionnaire", "middle income countries", "abuse", "Shame Questionnaire scores", "Item response theory analysis"], "article_id"=>1382334, "categories"=>["Uncategorised"], "users"=>["Lynn T. M. Michalopoulos", "Laura K. Murray", "Jeremy C. Kane", "Stephanie Skavenski van Wyk", "Elwyn Chomba", "Judith Cohen", "Mwiya Imasiku", "Katherine Semrau", "Jay Unick", "Paul A. Bolton"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0123820.t001", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>11, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Female_Child_Participant_Demographics_and_Scale_Scores_n_325_/1382334", "title"=>"Female Child Participant Demographics and Scale Scores (n = 325).", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>3, "published_date"=>"2015-04-16 03:10:49"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/2024161"], "description"=>"<div><p>Purpose</p><p>The aim of the current study is to test the validity and reliability of the Shame Questionnaire among traumatized girls in Lusaka, Zambia.</p><p>Methods</p><p>The Shame Questionnaire was validated through both classical test and item response theory methods. Internal reliability, criterion validity and construct validity were examined among a sample of 325 female children living in Zambia. Sub-analyses were conducted to examine differences in construct validity among girls who reported sexual abuse and girls who did not.</p><p>Results</p><p>All girls in the sample were sexually abused, but only 61.5% endorsed or reported that sexual abuse had occurred. Internal consistency was very good among the sample with alpha = .87. Criterion validity was demonstrated through a significant difference of mean Shame Questionnaire scores between girls who experienced 0–1 trauma events and more than one traumatic event, with higher mean Shame Questionnaire scores among girls who had more than one traumatic event (<i>p</i> = .004 for 0–1 compared to 2 and 3 events and <i>p</i> = .016 for 0–1 compared to 4+ events). Girls who reported a history of witnessing or experiencing physical abuse had a significantly higher mean Shame Questionnaire score than girls who did not report a history of witnessing or experiencing physical abuse (<i>p</i><.0001). There was no significant difference in mean Shame Questionnaire score between girls who reported a sexual abuse history and girls who did not. Exploratory factor analysis indicated a two-factor model of the Shame Questionnaire, with an <i>experience of shame</i> dimension and an <i>active outcomes of shame</i> dimension. Item response theory analysis indicated adequate overall item fit. Results also indicate potential differences in construct validity between girls who did and did not endorse sexual abuse.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>This study suggests the general utility of the Shame Questionnaire among Zambian girls and demonstrates the need for more psychometric studies in low and middle income countries.</p></div>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["Zambia PurposeThe aim", "Sexually Abused Girls", ".87. Criterion validity", "item response theory methods", "Zambia.MethodsThe Shame Questionnaire", "Shame Questionnaire score", "shame dimension", "Exploratory factor analysis", "Shame Questionnaire", "middle income countries", "abuse", "Shame Questionnaire scores", "Item response theory analysis"], "article_id"=>1382339, "categories"=>["Uncategorised"], "users"=>["Lynn T. M. Michalopoulos", "Laura K. Murray", "Jeremy C. Kane", "Stephanie Skavenski van Wyk", "Elwyn Chomba", "Judith Cohen", "Mwiya Imasiku", "Katherine Semrau", "Jay Unick", "Paul A. Bolton"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0123820", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>21, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Testing_the_Validity_and_Reliability_of_the_Shame_Questionnaire_among_Sexually_Abused_Girls_in_Zambia_/1382339", "title"=>"Testing the Validity and Reliability of the Shame Questionnaire among Sexually Abused Girls in Zambia", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>3, "published_date"=>"2015-04-16 03:10:49"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/2024160"], "description"=>"<p>Sub-Analysis: Multidimensional Rating Scale Model with Unstandardized Parameters for Girls who Endorsed Sexual Abuse vs. Unidimensional Rating Scale Model with Unstandardized parameters for Girls who Did Not Endorse Sexual Abuse.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["Zambia PurposeThe aim", "Sexually Abused Girls", ".87. Criterion validity", "item response theory methods", "Zambia.MethodsThe Shame Questionnaire", "Shame Questionnaire score", "shame dimension", "Exploratory factor analysis", "Shame Questionnaire", "middle income countries", "abuse", "Shame Questionnaire scores", "Item response theory analysis"], "article_id"=>1382338, "categories"=>["Uncategorised"], "users"=>["Lynn T. M. Michalopoulos", "Laura K. Murray", "Jeremy C. Kane", "Stephanie Skavenski van Wyk", "Elwyn Chomba", "Judith Cohen", "Mwiya Imasiku", "Katherine Semrau", "Jay Unick", "Paul A. Bolton"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0123820.t005", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>2, "page_views"=>16, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Sub_Analysis_Multidimensional_Rating_Scale_Model_with_Unstandardized_Parameters_for_Girls_who_Endorsed_Sexual_Abuse_vs_Unidimensional_Rating_Scale_Model_with_Unstandardized_parameters_for_Girls_who_Did_Not_Endorse_Sexual_Abuse_/1382338", "title"=>"Sub-Analysis: Multidimensional Rating Scale Model with Unstandardized Parameters for Girls who Endorsed Sexual Abuse vs. Unidimensional Rating Scale Model with Unstandardized parameters for Girls who Did Not Endorse Sexual Abuse.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>3, "published_date"=>"2015-04-16 03:10:49"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/2024159"], "description"=>"<p>*Mean Squared Error.</p><p>Multidimensional Rating Scale Model with Unstandardized Parameters.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["Zambia PurposeThe aim", "Sexually Abused Girls", ".87. Criterion validity", "item response theory methods", "Zambia.MethodsThe Shame Questionnaire", "Shame Questionnaire score", "shame dimension", "Exploratory factor analysis", "Shame Questionnaire", "middle income countries", "abuse", "Shame Questionnaire scores", "Item response theory analysis"], "article_id"=>1382337, "categories"=>["Uncategorised"], "users"=>["Lynn T. M. Michalopoulos", "Laura K. Murray", "Jeremy C. Kane", "Stephanie Skavenski van Wyk", "Elwyn Chomba", "Judith Cohen", "Mwiya Imasiku", "Katherine Semrau", "Jay Unick", "Paul A. Bolton"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0123820.t004", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>5, "page_views"=>36, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Multidimensional_Rating_Scale_Model_with_Unstandardized_Parameters_/1382337", "title"=>"Multidimensional Rating Scale Model with Unstandardized Parameters.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>3, "published_date"=>"2015-04-16 03:10:49"}
• {"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/2024157"], "description"=>"<p>Bold indicates factor loading > .40. Parentheses indicates sub-analyses of factor loadings for girls who endorsed sexual abuse, factor loadings for girls who did not endorse sexual abuse.</p><p>*Factor loadings for girls who did not endorse sexual abuse are only listed in factor 1.</p><p>The Shame Questionnaire Items and Exploratory Factor Analysis Varimax Rotated Factor Matrix of Shame Questionnaire.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["Zambia PurposeThe aim", "Sexually Abused Girls", ".87. Criterion validity", "item response theory methods", "Zambia.MethodsThe Shame Questionnaire", "Shame Questionnaire score", "shame dimension", "Exploratory factor analysis", "Shame Questionnaire", "middle income countries", "abuse", "Shame Questionnaire scores", "Item response theory analysis"], "article_id"=>1382335, "categories"=>["Uncategorised"], "users"=>["Lynn T. M. Michalopoulos", "Laura K. Murray", "Jeremy C. Kane", "Stephanie Skavenski van Wyk", "Elwyn Chomba", "Judith Cohen", "Mwiya Imasiku", "Katherine Semrau", "Jay Unick", "Paul A. Bolton"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0123820.t002", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>3, "page_views"=>26, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_The_Shame_Questionnaire_Items_and_Exploratory_Factor_Analysis_Varimax_Rotated_Factor_Matrix_of_Shame_Questionnaire_/1382335", "title"=>"The Shame Questionnaire Items and Exploratory Factor Analysis Varimax Rotated Factor Matrix of Shame Questionnaire.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>3, "published_date"=>"2015-04-16 03:10:49"}

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• {"unique-ip"=>"10", "full-text"=>"12", "pdf"=>"1", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2020", "month"=>"11"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"7", "full-text"=>"6", "pdf"=>"4", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2020", "month"=>"12"}
• {"unique-ip"=>"9", "full-text"=>"8", "pdf"=>"1", "scanned-summary"=>"0", "scanned-page-browse"=>"0", "figure"=>"0", "supp-data"=>"0", "cited-by"=>"0", "year"=>"2021", "month"=>"1"}

Relative Metric

{"start_date"=>"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z", "end_date"=>"2015-12-31T00:00:00Z", "subject_areas"=>[]}

F1000Prime